malaysia-wdm irr bangkok

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Water Resources

Demand Management atNational Level

MALAYSIA


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CURRENT WATER RESOURCES DEMAND CONDITIONS ANDDEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES - SITUATION

Malaysia

Population28.25 mill. (2010)

Land area33 mill. HaPeninsular Malaysia13 mil HaSabah and Sarawak20 mil Ha

Total cultivated area6.2 mill. Ha(40% cultivable)

90% cultivated areapalm oil, rubber& fruit trees

10% cash cropsmainly paddy

Equatorial climate

2 distinct monsoons60%annual rain falls in Nov. to Jan.

Avg. rainfall 2500 mm/yr

Mean relative humidity78% -87%

Annual bright sunshine hours of17642664 hours

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Agriculture Land Use

NameArea ( 000 ha )

Rubber 1,395

Oil Palm 3,465

Paddy 475

Fruits 330Coconut 193

Cocoa 160

Vegetables 64

Pepper 9

Tobacco 8

Others 111

TOTAL 6,210

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Paddy Areas

Total paddy area ~ 475,000 ha

Granary area ~ 210,000 ha

Non-granary area ~ 265,000 ha

Irrigated area ~ 120,000 ha

Non-Irrigated area ~ 145,000 ha

Wet paddy ~ 85,000 ha

Upland Paddy ~ 60,000 ha

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RICE PRODUCTION IN MALAYSIA 2004 - 2009

(000 TONS)

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009p

PeninsularMalaysia

1,911 1,937 1,813 2,031 2,013 2,127

GranaryAreas 1,531 1,587 1,460 1,626 1,632 1,662

Sabah 162 150 133 134 133 104

Sarawak 218 227 239 209 207 230

Malaysia 2,291 2,314 2,187 2,375 2,353 2,460

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CURRENT STATUS OF WATER RESOURCES DEMAND CONDITIONSAND DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES SITUATION

Water Resources in Malaysia 150 major river basins agriculture

consume 70% water

Avg. annual rainfall 2,500 mm = 990 BCM

Groundwater resource estimated safeyield of 64 BCM

No physical water scarcity

Spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall

is not uniform Require more storage and optimization of

rainfall

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WATER RESOURCES DEMAND CONDITIONSCURRENT AND PROJECTED DEMAND

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

WaterDemand(mm)

Year

Potable

Irrigation

Other Crops

Livestock

Fisheries

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AGRICULTURAL WATER DEMAND

IN MALAYSIA

Agricultural water demand in Malaysia is currently

stand at 13 BCM, mainly for paddy irrigation.

Total paddy planting area is 360,000 ha (270,000 ha

irrigated, 90,000 ha rain-fed).

Projected irrigation demands IS PREDICTED TO BE

slightly decrease based on improve irrigation

efficiencies, improve farming practices, introduction

paddy strains with shorter growing periods and other

measures

The Future agriculture water demand is based onAgro-Food Policy (2010-2020) formulated MOA to

achieve certain Self Sufficiency Level in Agro-Food

production

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WATER DEMAND ISSUES IN MALAYSIA

Agriculture consume almost 70% of water extracted from

rivers

Most of water extracted is for rice cultivation

Rice is very important crop for National Food Security andsource of income for 300,000 farmers

Malaysia produced 70% - 75% of rice required for localconsumption annually

The current Food Policy on rice productions is to produce atleast 70% of SSL

Farmers income in rice industry to be uplifted to USD3,000annually

As no land suitable for new rice cultivation, production needto increase through higher yield and cropping intensity

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WATER DEMAND ISSUES IN MALAYSIA

To increase yield requires reliable and adequatewater supply

Additional water will be required to increase

cropping intensity

Water deficit occurs during annual low flow

periods and drought years

Irrigation schemes depending on river run-off

without reservoirs, vulnerable to water shortage

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RICE CULTIVATION IN MALAYSIA

Rice cultivation in irrigated areas practice floodingsystem

Avg. yield = 3.8 kg/ha

Wet direct seeding is widely practiced since 20

years ago

Reliable water supply is foremost in this practiced tocontrol the growth of weeds and other fieldactivities

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KADA

Northwest

Selangor

MADA

IADP

P. PinangBesut

Kemasin Semerak

Kerian

Seberang

Perak

Sg. Manik

GRANARY

AREAMini Granary Area (74)

LEGEND

..

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RICE CULTIVATION IN MALAYSIA - FUTURE

Increase cropping intensity to 5 season in 2 yrs (CI =225%) is one of the future option to increaseproduction

Non granary areas with available water source will

be upgraded to increase yield and croppingintensity through the provision of new water source

New areas to be developed are mainly in Sabahand Sarawak where water sources are available

Apart from developing new water source, water forirrigation need to be secured through increasewater use efficiency all levels of irrigation supply

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ADAPTATIONS MEASURES FOR DEMAND CONDITIONS -IN PLANNING

IWRM in managing the water sector and thecatchment. Effective implementation of IWRMcontribute to the realization of the national watervision

Revision to water laws and formation of adepartment to manage water resources

Revision of Irrigation laws

Full farmers participation in irrigation management

Reviewing irrigation design procedures to meetfuture demand management in irrigationmanagement

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DEMAND ADAPTATION MEASURES IN PLACE

IRRIGATION SYSTEM LEVEL Reduce conveyance losses through canal lining and

pipeline network

Proper water management and controlling of losses

through application of new technologies for real timemonitoring of spills, flow measurements

Automation of regulators using automatic control

system and other physical means

Design and operation water infrastructures based onservice concept: Reliable, flexible on-demand

supply

Optimization of naturally available water sources:

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ADAPTATIONS MEASURESFOR DEMAND CONDITIONS - IN PLACE

Improve irrigation efficiency at all irrigation water

supply levels

More effective or more extensive rainwater

harvesting and storing in the paddy fields

Develop seed varieties that are more resistant to

water stress, shorter growth duration and produce

high yield with less water

Good agricultural water management practices to

secure land and environment

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ADAPTATIONS MEASURESFOR DEMAND CONDITIONS - IN PLACE

On-farm level and tertiary system Reduce irrigation period and water saving irrigation

practices.

Rearrangement of lot size, shape and level

Transplanting - reduce requirement of water forweeds control

Strengthen farmers institution

Crop management and variety: high yield variety,

high value crop, shorter duration

Best Management Practice and precision agriculture:

Conserve water, energy, labour and environment.

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DEMAND MITIGATION MEASURES IN PLACEAND IN PLANNING

Development of alternative water source, such asgroundwater to be used during drought

Development of water reuse or recycle facilities- PUMP

AND RESERVOIRS

Redesign and improvement of drainage structures tostore water and to regulate water level when required

Developing of Drought management plan for all

irrigation schemes

SCADA system to monitor real time water situation inrivers, reservoirs and irrigation systems

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Demand Mgmt. Policies & Programs

National Level Policies

National Water Resources Policy - Water Resources

Sustainability

- Federal and State Governments will look at

optimising and minimising wastage of waterresources and address aspects related to demand

management

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National Demand Management Programs andInvestments

Programs in the National Food Security

Increase irrigation infrastructure to optimum level of 50

m/hareduce water loss Land Levelingimplement land leveling to improve

efficiency of good agricultural practices

Government Programs

Rehabilitation, upgrading and modernize existing

irrigation scheme

Improve management, O&M to increase water use

efficiency

Provide incentive for commercial paddy farming

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National Demand Management Programs andInvestments .. Cont..

Government Programs

Continuously worked through research and

collaboration with International and Regionalorganizations in increasing agriculture water use

efficiency, demand management and sustainable

water use through various programs:-

- such as Benchmarking, Rapid Appraisal Procedures

(RAPs) Evaluation, MASSCOTE, Capacity building,Conferences, country visits, pilot projects and

technical studies.,

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Strengthening Water User

Group (e.g. Farmers

participation in decision

making processes)

Research and

Development

Remote Sensing Technology

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National demand management programs


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National demand management programsand investments

Irrigation Modernization programs to increaseirrigation efficiency

Development of water recycle facilities andreservoirs

Land consolidation and land levelling

Provision of SCADA and telemetry system forefficient water management

Training of farmers and establishment of Water UserGroup

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LESSONS LEARNED

Proper irrigation scheduling can result in significantsavings in irrigation time, labour, energy, and water. By

carefully managing the amount of water applied,

leaching of nutrients and erosion can be reduced.

No single agency entrusted with the overall planning

and management of water. There is a need for one

agency to pursue a more effective water

management.

Lack of people awareness on WDM issues and the

greater lack of trained personnel equipped with thenecessary skills and knowledge on WDM

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Lessons Learned

Recycling drainage water for irrigation

- Fourth water source for irrigation

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In Muda irrigation scheme,all the recycling pumps

contribute 17% of thewater from reservoir.


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Lessons Learned

Reduce conveyance losses throughcanal lining and pipeline network.

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Best Practices in Demand Mgmt.

Telemetry system to Mudaarea for managing waterdemand

- Information (rainfall/waterlevel) to priorities on the

effective and optimumusage of water resources,

- Information (waterlevel/gate opening) fordecision on water

distribution

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PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES REGARDING


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DEMAND MANAGEMENT AND RESPONSE

To provide appropriate irrigation system and

infrastructures to meet demand management

requirement

Small size, irregular shape and unlevel paddy fields in

most paddy areas To get farmers cooperation to practice efficient water

management at tertiary level

Provision of government annual budget for O&M of

irrigation scheme to support State Government

Develop seed variety that are more resistant to water

stress and shorter growth duration - use less water

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SMALL SIZE, IRREGULAR SHAPE AND UNLEVELPADDY FIELD IN MOST OF PADDY AREAS INMALAYSIA...WHY??

It is difficult to manage water and apply

modern farming activities

Require more intensity of irrigationinfrastructure

Have to deal with many farmers

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TO PROVIDE APPROPRIATE IRRIGATION SYSTEMAND INFRASTRUCTURES TO MEET DEMANDMANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS.....WHY??

Permanent reservoirs are required for demand

management and water saving Installation of infrastructures requires significant

investment

Demand management requires thecoordination of all level irrigationmanagement

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TO GET FARMERS COOPERATION TO PRACTICEEFFICIENT WATER MANAGEMENT AT TERTIARY ANDON FARM LEVELS.....WHY??

Farmers age and level of education

No water charge imposed

Too many farmers

No nurtured farmers organisation

Existing field infrastructures are difficult tomanage and to operate

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NEW DEMAND MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES


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NEW DEMAND MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES

BEING DEVELOPED OR IN PROGRESS

R&D in the search of appropriate tertiarycanal to meet demand management

Guidelines and procedures for modern

design of irrigation infrastructures Land levelling and land consolidation is

associated with new irrigation design

Encouragement of using pipelines asirrigation conveyance

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mpor an ac ors o cons er an


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mpor an ac ors o cons er anprinciples to follow in demand

management policies

Ideal situation is for the government at all levelsfederal, state and local to work together

towards demand management

No single consolidated water policy for thecountry, at least not yet. If there were one, it

involves managing water demand as a priority

before rushing head-on to yet another large

scale supply side-management project.

Acceptance of farmers is crucial in all demand

management policies

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CONCLUSION

Future water demand scenario in Malaysia requires

supply and demand management

Demand management is required to reduce the

pressure to develop new water source infrastructures to

meet future demand

Demand management requires investment and

innovation in new irrigation infrastructure,

management and capacity building

Sharing of knowledge and experiences in demand

management and demand response in irrigation watermanagement among ASEAN countries will contribute

to meet future water demand for irrigation

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