lecture 1: pendidikan awal kanak-kanak

7/27/2019 Lecture 1: pendidikan awal kanak-kanak

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LangudevelopmL


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It is important..

Because we need to understand how children learn to communicate

and

also ways adults can promote childrens

language development


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Theoretical views

Behaviorist view (Skinner, 1957)

- Children learn language primarily through positive

reinforcement from parents.

Innatist view (Chomsky, 1972)

- Inborn factors are the most important component of

language development Interactionist view (Piaget,1926 & Vygotsky1962)

- Language develops through a combination of inborn

factors and environmental influences


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Behaviourist

Language development is that childrens language learning is

shaped primarily by the responses of parents. Parents reinforce by smiling, cuddling and verbalizing

mama redouble their positive feedback to the baby

Encourage baby to repeat

Reinforcement becomes more specific to produce adult likelanguage


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Innatist view

Children are born with a linguistic structure

Born with an instinct to learn language

It is linked to biological maturation and follows an internal cloc

will emerge during the critical age for language acquisition.

Language is triggered by exposure to verbal communication i

environment.


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Interactionist view

Suggest that there is a combination of inborn and

environmental factors. Internal readiness and

reinforcement from positive interactions with adults

are needed.

Social environment, maturation, biology and cognition

interact and modify with each other

Cognitive interactionist view and social interactionist


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Cognitive interactionist

Ability to mentally represent objects

Language is one way of expressing representational or symb

thought


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Social interactionist

Language is intimately tied to social

processes.

Social interaction that triggers language is a

two way operation, ie children cue their

parents, and parents in turn, supply

appropriate language experiences.

Vygotsky consider that young childs primary

social tool is language.


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Uses of language Write down 8 ways in which children may use language

1. ______________

2. ______________

3. ______________

4. ______________

5. ______________

Age 2 or 3 years children use language to help them control their behaviouraSo talking aloud


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answer

Socializing with others

Asking questions

Describing events and objects

Predicting and anticipating

For self-direction

Assertiveness

Giving explanation and instructions

Gaining reassurance and help


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Stages of language development

Pre-linguistic stage

Babbles, universaltherefore born with some instinct to communicate

others

Pointing or showing objects

Linguistic stage

12 months: Create own words for objects/person and use consistently

Holophrases

Telegraphic speech

Learning the rules --- virtuous errors


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Components of language developm Listening

Expressive language

Facial expression

Gesture

Reading

Writing

Sign language

Drawing and painting


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Multilingual children

Speak more than one language

More creative in their thinking

Need to master their home language

Community

Racism

Embarrassment

Rejection


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Language delay in children

Physical condition such as cleft palate or enlarged tongue

Learning difficulties e.g. autism

Hearing impairments

Stutters or stammers

Shyness

Lack of stimulation and language input

More than one language being learnt


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Difficulties in communication

Stutters or stammers

Their minds are working faster than their tongue

Afraid that another child will interrupt them

Will grow out or becomes a habit

How to help

Show that you are listening to them

Eye contact, sitting down with the child and smiling.. Relax and calm thei

dont finish their sentences


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Promotingchildrens language

Refer handout


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Communicating with children

Make eye contact

Smile and look patient

Allow children time to think about what they want to say

Do not finish sentences for them

Do not interrupt to hurry them along

Listen to what children are saying!


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Correct grammar by echoing back their sentence correctly He todid he?

Ask open questionse.g. What are you doing? rather than closquestions, which can be answered with only one worde.g. Arenjoying that?

Make sure that you are speaking clearly and correctly

If you really do not have time to listen properly, explain this to thesuggest a time when will be able to listenand make sure that y

Be sensitive to the needs of bilingual and multilingual children

lecture 1: pendidikan awal kanak-kanak

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