AINUL YAQIN ABROR HAFI 1PROGRAM STUDI GEOFISIKAJURUSAN FISIKAFAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN IPAUNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA2015AinulYainA!"#"KATA PENGANTARS$u%u" al&a'(ulillaa&)*nuli+ )an,a-%an%*)a(a Alla&SWTa-a+ li')a&an%a"unia (an)*"-#l#n.an/N$a0 )*nuli+ (a)a- '*n$*l*+ai%an la)#"an )"a%-i%u' G"a1i-$ ini (*n.an lan2a"3 U2a)an-*"i'a%a+i&)*nuli++a')ai%an%*)a(a+*lu"u&)i&a%$an.-*"li!a-(an'*'!an-u(ala' )*'!ua-an la)#"an ini0 (ian-a"an$a3 Alla& SWT a-a+ %a"unia ni%'a- (an +*&a-0 O"an. -ua $an.-ia(a&*n-i/&*n-in$a '*'!*"i%an(u%un.an(an'#-i1a+i %*)a(a)*nuli+0 Ba)a%Suna"$#+*la%u(#+*n 'a-a %ulia& M*-#(* G"a1i-$0 +*lu"u& a+i+-*n M*-#(* G"a1i-$ -*"%&u+u+ Ka% Ria Yu(i A+-u-i+*la%u a+i+-*n %*l#')#% 40 (an -*'an/-*'an G*#5i+i%a UB3P*nuli+ '*n$a(a"i !a&6a(ala')*'!ua-anla)#"anini 'a+i&,au&(a"i %a-a+*')u"na0+*&in..a )*nuli+ '*n.&a"a)%an %"i-i% (an +a"an a.a" (a)a- (i,a(i%an !*%al .una -*"2a)ain$a%*+*')u"naan (a"i la)#"an ini3 S*'#.a (*n.an a(an$a la)#"an ini (a)a- '*'!*"i il'u )*n.*-a&uan'au)un 6a6a+an !a.i )a"a )*'!a2an$a3Malan.0 4 Juni 2015 Ainul Yain A!"#" 7a5iAINUL YAQIN ABROR HAFI 2DAFTAR ISIKATA PENGANTAR.....................................................................................DAFTAR ISI..............................................................................................BAB I......................................................................................................PENDAHULUAN.........................................................................................1.1 Latar Belakang............................................................................................. 41.2 Rumusan asala!......................................................................................... 41." Batasan asala!........................................................................................... 51.# Tu$uan Prakt%kum......................................................................................... 5#.2 an&aat Prakt%kum....................................................................................... 5BAB II.....................................................................................................TIN'AUAN PUSTAKA..................................................................................2.1 Te(r% Dasar Gra)%tas% Bum%................................................................................. 62.2 K(reks% Gra)%tas% Bum%...................................................................................... 8BAB III..................................................................................................ET*DE PENELITIAN....................................................................................... 12".1 +aktu ,an Tem-at Penel%t%an............................................................................ 12".2 Peralatan....................................................................................................... 12"." Pr(se,ur Prakt%kum......................................................................................... 12".".1 Langka! Aku%s%s%........................................................................................... 12".".2 S(&t.are /ang D%gunakan............................................................................... 13"."." Pr(se,ur R%n0%an Prakt%kum........................................................................... 13".# Pr(se,ur Peng(la!an Data................................................................................ 14BAB I1..................................................................................................HASIL DAN PEBAHASAN..........................................................................BAB 1...................................................................................................PENUTUP...............................................................................................2.1 Kes%m-ulan.................................................................................................... 302.2 Saran............................................................................................................ 30DAFTAR PUSTAKA...................................................................................LAPIRAN.............................................................................................AINUL YAQIN ABROR HAFI 3BAB IPENDAHULUAN1 Latar BelakangBu'i +*!a.ai -*'!a- -in.al 'anu+ia+*2a"aala'i '*n$*(ian%an+u'!*"(a$aala'$an.!*"li')aK*%a$aan+u'!*"(a$aala'In(#n*+ia+an.a- '*li')a3%i-a+*!a.ai .*n*"a+i )*n*"u+!an.+a un-u% &a"u+ !*"u)a$a un-u% (a)a- '*'an5aa-%an +u'!*"(a$a $an. a(a un-u%%*+*,a&-"aan !an.+a3K*-*"!a-a+an il'u un-u% '*n.#la& +u'!*"(a$a ala'-*"+*!u- '*n,a(i%*n(ala un-u% '*lan.%a& l*!i& lan,u-3 S*&in..a %i-a '*"a+a )*"lu un-u% '*')*la,a"i 2a"a a-au'*-#(* un-u% '*n.un.%a) +ua-u in5#"'a+i $an. -*"(a)a- (i (ala' )*"u- !u'i3 Sala& +a-u 2a"aa-au '*-#(* un-u% '*')*"#l*& in5#"'a+i -*"+*!u- (*n.an '*n..una%an '*-#(* +u"1*i .*#5i+i%a3M*-#(* -*"+*!u- '*"u)a%an +ala& +a-u 2a!an. il'u 5i+i%a $an. 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(i.una%an un-u% '*n.u%u" '*(an ala'i $an.(i)an2a"%an #l*& !u'i3 M*(an ala'i (ala' &al ini +*)*"-i &aln$a "a(ia+i .*l#'!an. .*')a !u'i0'*(an ."a1i-a+i !u'i0 '*(an 'a.n*-i% !u'i (ll3 S*(an.%an '*-#(* a%-i5 a(ala& +ua-u '*-#(*$an. (ila%u%an (*n.an '*'!ua- '*(an !ua-an %*'u(ian '*n.u%u" "*+)#n+ $an. (ila%u%an #l*&!u'i3 Dala' &al ini '*(an !ua-an a(ala& +ua-u .*-a"an a-au .*l#'!an. $an. (a)a- '*ni'!ul%an+ua-u"*+)#n+*)*"-il*(a%an(ina'i-0 )*'!*"iana"u+li+-"i%0 (ll3 S*(an.%ana)a!ila(i,*la+%an+*2a"a %&u+u+ 'a%a '*-#(* .*#5i+i%a (a)a- (i!a.i '*n,a(i !*!*"a)a 'a2a' +*)*"-i 2#n-#&n$a'*-#(* +*i+'i%0 '*-#(* ."a1i-a+i0 '*-#(* 'a.n*- !u'i0 (ll31.2 Rumusan asala!13 Ba.ai'ana (*n+i-a+ !a6a& )*"'u%aan (a*"a& +u"1*$ !*"(a+a"%an '*-#(* ."a1i-a+i:23 Ba.ai'ana +-"u%-u" !a6a& )*"'u%aan +*"-a )#-*n+i )ana+!u'i (i (a*"a& +u"1*$:AINUL YAQIN ABROR HAFI 41." Batasan asala!Di (ala' )*n*li-ian ini (i-i-i%!*"a-%an )a(a i(*n-i5i%a+i +-"u%-u" !a6a& )*"'u%aan (a"i a"*a)*n*li-ian31.# Tu$uan Prakt%kum1 M*')*"%i"a%an (*n+i-a+ !a6a& )*"'u%aan (a*"a& +u"1*$ !*"(a+a"%an '*-#(* ."a1i-$32 M*n*n-u%an )#la an#'ali B#u.u*" (i (a*"a& +u"1*$ (*n.an '*la%u%an )*n.#la&an ."a1i-a+i3; M*n.*-a&ui +-"u%-u" .*#l#.i !a6a& )*"'u%aan +*"-a )#-*n+i )ana+!u'i (a*"a& +u"1*$3< M*n.*-a&ui ,*ni+ !a-uan )*n$u+un )ana+!u'i (a*"a& +u"1*$3#.2 an&aat Prakt%kum13 M*'a&a'i %#n+*) +u"1*$ '*-#(* G"a1i-a+i (i la)an.an323 M*n.*-a&ui -a&a)an a%ui+i+i (an )*n.#la&an (a-a '*-#(* G"a1i-a+i3;3 M*n.*-a&ui 2a"a in-*")"*-a+i (a-a an#'al$ B#u.*" a"*a )*n*li-ian3AINUL YAQIN ABROR HAFI 5BAB IITIN'AUAN PUSTAKA2.1 Te(r% Dasar Gra)%tas% Bum%T*#"i $an.'*lan(a+i '*-#(*."a1i-a+i a(ala&&u%u'N*6-#n-*n-an.."a1i-a+i $an.'*n$a-a%an!a&6a!*+a" .a$a ."a1i-a+i an-a" (ua'a++a+*!an(in.(*n.an)*"%alian%*(ua'a++an$a(an!*"!an(in.-*"!ali%(*n.an%ua("a- ,a"a%an-a" %*(ua)u+a- 'a++a3 Ga$a$an.(i-i'!ul%an an-a"a )a"-i%*l (*n.an 'a++a ' $an. !*")u+a- )a(a -i-i% Q (x, y,z) (an )a"-i%*l m#)a(a -i-i% P(x, y, z) )*"+a'aan 'a-*'a-i%n$a +*!a.ai !*"i%u-=F( r)=G m0mr2^ r >>>3 82319(*n.an=r ? @(x - x)2 + (y - y)2 + (z - z)2>>>3 82329G a(ala& %#n+-an-a ."a1i-a+i uni1*"+al 8404A;2 B 10/11 N'2C%.29 0 (an ^ r a(ala&1*%-#" +a-uan "0r ? r ^ r3 Ji%a )*"+a'aan 82319 '*n$a-a%an .a$a -a"i% $an. 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