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ANALISA PULP LOSS DAN PENGARUH BAHAN CHEMICAL

RETENTION AID DAN AKD TERHADAP PULP LOSS DALAM PROSES

PEMBUATAN KERTAS

LAPORAN KERJA PRAKTEK

Disusun oleh :

1. KHOIRUN NISA SAHID ( 3335120351)

2. SYAHRI RAHMAN ( 3335120701 )

JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA – FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS SULTAN AGENG TIRTAYASA

CILEGON - BANTEN

2015

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Analisa Pulp Loss dan Pengaruh Chemical Retention Aid dan AKD

terhadap Pulp Loss dalam Proses Pembuatan Kertas

Laporan Kerja Praktek ini disusun sebagai syarat kelulusan

mata kuliah Kerja Praktek dan salah satu syarat

menempuh sarjana Strata I Teknik Kimia Universitas Sultan AgengTirtayasa

Cilegon – Banten

Disusun oleh :

1. KHOIRUN NISA SAHID ( 3335120351 )2. SYAHRI RAHMAN ( 3335120701 )

JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA – FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS SULTAN AGENG TIRTAYASA

CILEGON - BANTEN

2015

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DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

HALAMAN JUDUL ........................................................................................................ i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN JURUSAN ..................................................................... ii

KATA PENGANTAR....................................................................................................iii

DAFTAR ISI................................................................................................................... iv

DAFTAR TABEL ......................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR GAMBAR....................................................................................................viii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1. Latar Belakang Perusahaan................................................................ .................. 1

1.2. Sejarah Perusahaan .............................................................................................. 1

1.3. Tujuan Kerja Praktek ................................................................ ........................... 3

1.4. Ruang Lingkup kerja Praktek .............................................................................. 4

1.5. Waktu dan Tempat pelaksanaan Kerja Praktek ................................................... 4

1.6. Tata Letak Pabrik................................................................................................. 4

1.7. Visi dan Misi Perusahaan..................................................................................... 6

1.8. Struktur Organisasi Perusahaan ........................................................................... 7

BAB II DESKRIPSI PROSES

2.1 Sejarah Umum Kertas ................................................................ ........................ 13

2.2 Proses Produksi ................................................................ .................................. 13

2.2.1 Stock Preparation..................................................................................... 13

2.2.2 Paper Machine ................................................................ ......................... 16

2.2.3 Finishing –  Converting ............................................................................ 21

2.3 Bahan Baku Produksi......................................................................................... 22

2.4 Bahan Penunjang Produksi ................................................................ ................ 26 2.4.1 Filler......................................................................................................... 26

2.4.2 AKD ( Alkyl Ketene Dimer )................................................................... 27

2.4.3 Cationic Starch......................................................................................... 27

2.4.4 OBA ( Optical Brightning Agent )........................................................... 27

2.4.5 Dyes ......................................................................................................... 27

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2.4.6 SSA (Surface Sizing Agent ) ................................................................... 28

2.4.7 Retention Aid ........................................................................................... 28

2.4.8 Biocide ..................................................................................................... 28 2.4.9 Defoamer................................................................ .................................. 28

Halaman

2.4.10 PVA ( Polyvinyl Alkohol ) .................................................................... 29

2.4.11 Tapioka ................................................................ .................................. 29

2.4.12 Enzym .................................................................................................... 29

2.4.13 NaOH ..................................................................................................... 29

2.4.14 NaOCl .................................................................................................... 29

2.4.15 Wax Emulsion........................................................................................ 30

2.4.16 Flokulan ................................................................ ................................. 30

2.4.17 Allum ( Al2(SO4)3.18H2O ).................................................................... 30

2.4.18 CaCl2 ( Calcium Chloride ).................................................................... 31

2.4.19 Zinc Sulfat ( ZnSO4 ) ............................................................................. 31

2.4.20 BOC ( Boli Out Chemical ) ................................................................... 31

2.5 Bahan Bakar....................................................................................................... 34

2.6 Pengawasan Mutu Bahan ................................................................................... 34

2.6.1 Pengawasan Mutu Bahan Baku ............................................................... 35

2.6.2 Pengawasan Mutu Bahan dalam Proses................................................... 35

2.6.3 Pengawasan Mutu Produk........................................................................ 37

BAB III ALAT PROSES DAN INSTRUMENTASI

3.1 Spesifikasi Alat Unit Stock Preparation ............................................................ 39

3.1.1 Pulper ....................................................................................................... 39

3.1.2 Pulper Chest ............................................................................................. 40

3.1.3 Magnetic Stirrer ................................................................ ....................... 40

3.1.4 Double Disc Refiner ................................................................................ 40

3.1.5 High Centrifugal Cleaner ......................................................................... 41

3.1.6 Flow Tank ................................................................................................ 42

3.1.7 Mixing Chest............................................................................................ 42 3.1.8 Medium Chest ................................................................ .......................... 42

3.1.9 Machine Chest ................................................................ ......................... 42

3.1.10 Settling Tank................................................................ .......................... 43

3.1.11 Shower Pit.............................................................................................. 43

3.2 Spesifikasi Alat Unit Paper Machine ................................................................. 44

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3.2.1 Fan Pump ................................................................ ................................. 44

3.2.2 Centrifugal Cleaner.................................................................................. 44

3.2.3 Horizontal Screener ................................................................ ................. 44 3.2.4 Pack Pulper .............................................................................................. 45

3.2.5 Head Box ................................................................ ................................. 45

3.2.6 Screen wire ( Plastic wire ) ................................................................ ...... 46

3.2.7 Press Part.................................................................................................. 48

Halaman

3.2.8 Dryer ........................................................................................................ 48

3.2.9 Size Press ................................................................ ..............