konsep pbl

Ted.com

eV

Project-Based Learning…

“Satu aktiviti penyiasatan mendalamtentang suatu topik dunia sebenar yang

berfaedah kepada pelajar”

(Sylvia Chard, Associate Professor of Education, Universityof Alberta, Alberta, Canada)

Project Based Learning..

… satu kaedah pengajaran sistematik yang melibatkan pelajar dalam pembelajaran pengetahuan dan kemahiran melalui proses inkuiri yang kompleks bagi menyelasaikan persoalan dunia sebenar yang akhirnya akan menghasilkan suatu output pembelajaran.

Buck Institute of Education (BIE)

• Merangkumi pelbagai gaya pembelajaran pelajar

• Tidak menganggap yang semua pelajar boleh mempersembahkan pengetahuan mereka dalam satu cara sahaja


PBL berdasarkan kepada kurikulum- Berdasarkan keperluan kurikulum

- Pembelajaran berdasarkan pendekatan inkuiri

- Proses inkuiri berdasarkan kepada satu persoalan

- Guru dan pelajar bekerjasama dalam proses menjawab persoalan penyiasatan


PBL mengemukakan persoalan yang akan dijawab oleh pelajar– Guru atau pelajar mengemukakan satu tema

persoalan yang akan memandu pelajar membuat projek secara berkolaborasi. Projek ini mengintegrasikan pelbagai subjek dalam kurikulum.


PBL memerlukan pelajar menjawab persoalan dunia sebenar– Pengetahuan secara holistik


PBL adalah satu kaedah yang memerlukan pelajar menghuraikan isu dan persoalan yang rumit.– Menggalakkan persefahaman– students explore, make judgements,

interpret and synthesize information in meaningful ways


Perbandingan PBL Perbandingan PBL dengan kaedah dengan kaedah

tradisionaltradisional

Criteria Traditional Instruction

Project-Based Learning

Content • Knowledge of facts • Comprehension of concepts and principles

Scope and Sequence

• Follows fixed curriculum• Move from unit to unit• Narrow, content area focus

• Follows students interest• Large units composed of complex problems or issues• Broad, interdisciplinary focus



Teacher’s role • Lecturer and director of instruction• Expert

• Resource provider• Advisory/mentor/ facilitator

Assessment • Products• Test scores• Reproduction of

information

• Process and product• Tangible accomplishments• Demonstration of understanding

Criteria Traditional Instruction Project-Based Learning

• Classroom

materials

• Texts, lectures and presentations• Teacher/book company developed worksheets and activities

• Direct or original sources, printed materials, interviews and documents• Data and materials developed by students

• Use of technology

• Ancillary, peripheral• Administered by

teachers

• Central, integral • Directed by students



• Type of student involvement

• Students working alone• Students competing with one another • Students receiving information

• Students working in groups • Students collaborating • Students constructing, contributing and synthesizing

information



• Student role

• Carry out instructions• Memorize and repeat facts• Listen, behave, speak only when spoken to

• Carry out self directed experiences• Discover, integrate, and present ideas• Communicate, show affect, produce, take responsibility



•Goals • Knowledge of facts, terms and content• Mastery of isolated skills• Breadth of knowledge one another • Graduates who have knowledge to perform on standardized achievement tests

• Understanding and application of complex ideas and processes • Mastery of integrated skills • Depth of knowledge • Graduates who have the disposition of and skills to engage in sustained, autonomous, life-long learning

Perbandingan dengan Projek

PROJECTS PBL

•Loose set of activity•No management structure•May be thematic•Broad assessment

•Uses driving questions to drive the inquiry process•Integral part of the curriculum•Focused and inspiring •Aligns specific outcome with assessment •Uses project management tools to structure learning

21st Century Skills

PBL sebagai metodologi P&P

Satu proses P&P berpusatkan pelajarProses Inkuiri & penemuan oleh pelajar

Pelajar terlibat secara aktif dalam pembelajaran

Guru sebagai pembimbing

Con

tent Skills

Personal Strengths

PBL sebagai metodologi P&P

Intrapersonal Independence Assertiveness Self-Awareness Mood Regulation

Adaptability Problem Solving Flexibility Reality Testing

Interpersonal Empathy Listening Conflict Resolution Social Responsibility

Stress Management Working with Deadlines Impulse Control

PERSONAL STRENGTH

Communication: Speaking, Presenting, Publishing

Group Processes: Leadership, Team Work, Collaboration

Self Management: Time and Task Management, Self Monitoring

SKILLS

CONTENT

un-Coverage Coverage

Beyond Learning Outcomes

Learning Outcomes

ELEMENTS OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING Inquiry-based approach to learning starting with a

curriculum framing or essential question

Construction of an artifact or performance of a consequential task

Promotes team collaboration

Poses real-world problems or issues

ELEMENTS OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING Work through series of ideas through investigation

and research, make judgments and decisions, interpret and synthesize information in a meaningful way

Requires extended time-frame

Allows integration of subjects across curriculum

Teacher is a facilitator of learning

• Penyiasatan sistematik:– Pembinaan pengetahuan secara inkuiri.– Perkongsian maklumat.– Proses menjawab persoalan projek.

• Proses pembelajaran sama penting dengan projek pembelajaran.

• Memperoleh pengetahuan dan kemahiran baru dalam proses.

Bagaimana?

PBL sebagai satu proses pembelajaran

Teacher’s role

• FacilitatorProvide access to resource materials. Give students opportunity to make their own decision.

• AdvisorHelp to solve problems and suggest options.

• SupporterGives support and encouragement, show interest and discuss students’ ideas.

• ManagerCheck students’ accomplishment, provide feedback systematically and help students to plan their work.

• EvaluatorEvaluate and assess students’ products and show them how they can be improved.

• Access information efficiently and effectively.• Evaluate information critically and competently.• Contribute positively to the learning community.• Participate effectively in groups to pursue and

generate information• Synthesize information in many different manner.

Student’s role

konsep pbl

Documents