kertas 2 pep pertengahan tahun sbp 2011(skema)

4551/2 1 SULIT

4551/2 Hak cipta Sekolah Berasrama Penuh Peraturan pemarkahan

SULIT 4551/2 BIOLOGI Peraturan Pemarkahan Mei 2011 2 jam

BAHAGIAN PENGURUSAN SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH DAN SEKOLAH KECEMERLANGAN

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

PEPERIKSAAN PERTENGAHAN TAHUN

TINGKATAN LIMA 2011

BIOLOGI

Kertas 2

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN

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PEPERIKSAAN PERTENGAHAN TAHUN TINGKATAN 5 [SBP] 2011

Answer scheme

Section A

Question 1

No Mark Scheme Sub mark

Total marks

1(a)(i) Able to name molecule P and structure R. Sample answer Molecule P : sodium ion / any example of ion Structure R : hydrophilic head

1+1

2

(ii) Able state two characteristics of the plasma membrane based on the model. Sample answer P1. (each) phospolipid has polar head / hydrophilic property P2. (each) phospolipid has non-polar tail / hydrophobic property P3. plasma membrane has various type of proteins / pore protein and carrier protein. P4. Plasma membrane have a fluid characteristic // flexible

Any two

1+1 2

(b)(i) Able to explain how glucose pass through structure S. Sample answer P1. The glucose will bind to the binding site of carrier protein / S

P2. The carrier protein changes its shape

P3. To allow glucose to cross the plasma membrane P4: from higher concentration region to lower concentration region

Any two

1+1 2


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(ii) Able to explain why the glucose cannot pass through structure Q. Sample answer P1. Size of glucose is too big / large (to pass through structure Q ) P2. Pore protein cannot change its shape

1+1 2

(c)(i) Able to state the definition of osmosis. Sample answer Movement / Diffusion of water (molecule) from hypotonic region to hypertonic region through semi-permeable membrane. / Movement / Diffusion of water (molecule) from higher concentration of water to lower concentration of water across semi permeable membrane / Movement / Diffusion of water (molecule) from the region of low concentration of solute to higher concentration of solute across semi permeable membrane

1

1

(ii) Able to explain why food is preserved using concentrated sugar solution. Sample answer P1. Concentrated glucose solution is hypertonic to the cell sap

P2. Water molecules diffuse out from the food/bacteria

P3. by osmosis (through plasma membrane)

P4. The food is dehydrated / lose water / not suitable for the growth of bacteria

Any three

1+1+1 3

TOTAL 12


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Question 2 No Mark Scheme Sub

mark Total marks

2(a)

Able to state the type of skeleton of a fish Answer : Endoskeleton

1

1

(b) Able to label J, K and L

Sample answer

J: Dorsal fin K: Pelvic fin L: Pectoral fin

1+1+1

3

(c)

Able to state the effect of the damage to the fish.

Sample answer:

P1: The fish will experience yawing / moving side way

P2 : It will also experience rolling / transverse plane movement

Any one

1

1

(d)(i) Able to explain the characteristic of muscle W

Sample Answer:

P1: Muscle W is an antagonistic muscle

P2: When muscle W on the left contract, the muscle on the right relax // vice versa

1 + 1

2

(d)(ii) Able to complete muscle W

Sample Answer:

1+1

2

Vertebra column

P1: The right muscle must show contraction

P2: The left muscle must show relaxation


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(d)(iii) Able to explain the action of muscle W that enables the fish to move

Sample answer

F: When the muscle W on the right side contracts, muscle W on the left side relaxes

P1: The body moves towards the right side P2: Alternating waves of contraction and relaxation pass down

from head to tail P3: The tail moves / swings to the left

Any three

1 + 1+1

3

TOTAL 12

Question 3


Total marks

3(a)(i) Able to state the type of cell division which cell P and cell Q undergo. Sample answer Cell P : meiosis Cell Q : mitosis

1+1 2

(ii) Able to state one importance of the cell division in cell P and cell Q. Sample answer Cell P : to produce gametes / to maintain diploid chromosomal number of individual / to produce variation Cell Q : to increase number of cell // produce identical cells // for growth // to repair damage tissue / organ // for asexual reproduction // regenaratio

1+1 2


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(b)(i) Able to state one difference between chromosomal behavior at the

stage in cell P and cell Q .

Sample answer

Cell P (metaphase 1) Cell Q (metaphase)

Pairs of homologous

chromosomes / Bivalents align /

arrange at equator / metaphase

plate.

Chromosomes / sister

chromatids align / arrange at

equator /metaphase plate

1 1

(ii) Able to explain one importance of the chromosomal behaviour in cell

P.

Sample answer P1. to separate chromosome evenly when anaphase 1 / next stage

occur

P2. produce daughter cell with chromosomal number n / haploid

P3 . crossing over causes variation

1+1 2

(c)(i) Able to explain why the ovum has 24 chromosomes

Sample answer P1: Pairs of homologous chromosome / bivalents / sister chromatids fail to separate // Non-disjunction in chromosome P2: During meiosis/ meiosis I/ meiosis II/ anaphase I/ anaphase II P3: Extra one chromosome in the ovum

Any two

1+1 2

(ii) Able to state the chromosomal number of the offspring

Answer 47

1 1


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(d)

Able to explain how radioactive rays can cause the formation of cancerous cells. Sample answer P1: Cancer is a genetic disease P2: Severe destruction to the cell cycle P3: Uncontrolled mitosis

Any two

1+1

2

TOTAL 12

Question 4

No Mark scheme Sub mark

Total marks

4(a)(i) Able to state the function of tissue R and tissue S. Sample answer : Tissue R : Xylem Tissue S : Phloem

1+1

2

(ii) Able to State two differences in the structure of tissue R and tissue S. Sample answer :

Xylem / tissue R Phloem / tissue S

Consists of sieve tubes and/ or companion cells

Consists of xylem vessels and/ or tracheids

Has sieve plate on the sieve tube

Hollow tube

The cell wall is not thickened with lignin/ not lignified

The cell wall is thickened with lignin/ lignified

Has thin layer of protoplasm No protoplasm

Any two

1+1

2


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(b)

Able to explain one adaptation of tissue R to carry out its function in water transport efficiently . Sample answer Structure of xylem Explanation P1: Tissue R consists of (long) cells joined end to end // hollow tube

E1: Allows water to flow in a continuous column.

P2: The end walls of xylem vessels have broken down.

E2: To give an uninterrupted flow of water from roots to the leave.// allows water to flow in a continuous column

P3: There are pits (at particular points in the lignified wall )

E3: To permit lateral flow of water

P4: The walls are impregnated/ thickened with lignin // lignified

E4: To prevent them collapsing (under the large tension forces set up by the transpiration pull.)

Any P with correct E

1 +1

2

(c) Able to explain how this process helps to prevent the occurrence of overheating in plants. Sample answer P1 : (when the water reach the leaves,) water is convert to water vapour P2 : water vapour diffuse out through stoma P3 : thus, the plant loses heat P4 : causes the cooling effect on the plant // reduces temperature of the plant

Any three

1+1+1

3


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(d)(i) Able to complete Diagram 4.2 by drawing in box provided, to show the tree after three months of the ring bark removed. Sample answer

Drawing : swelling on the upper part of ring 1mark

1 1

(ii) Able the explain the answer in d(i) Sample answer: P1. because the organic (food) substances / glucose / sucrose accumulates at this part of the stem. P2. cannot be transported below the ring / downwards P3. because the phloem is removed.

Any two

1+1

2

TOTAL 12

Question 5


Total Marks

5(a) Able to name the respiratory organs of organism P and Q. Sample answer Organism P : lung Organism Q : gill

1+1

2

(b) Able to explain a characteristic which X and Y have in common in their function to increase the efficiency for gaseous exchange. Sample answer Characteristic (C) Explanation (E) C1: have many / numerous tiny structures // human has many alveolus and fish has

E1 : to increase total surface ( area per volume )

1+1 1 ,1


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many filaments / lamellas C2: surrounded by many/very dense network of blood capillaries

E2 : for efficient transport of gases.

C3: One cell thick (wall)

E3 : for diffusion of gases to be more efficient

C4: Moist surface E4 : the gases easily dissolved in the moist , diffusion of gases more efficient

Any C with correspond E

2

(c) Able to explain briefly how oxygen supplied to the body cells of organism P is faster than to body cells of organism Q. Sample answer : P1 : Transport of oxygen / oxygenated blood in organism P is at a high pressure P2 : since it is pumped out of the heart to all body tissues) P3 : but oxygenated blood in fish / organism Y is at a lower pressure , P4 : that is from gills to body tissues.

Any three

1+1+1

3

(d) Able to Explain how smoking may reduce the efficiency of the function of structure X Sample answer : P1 : Smoke from burning cigarette contains carcinogens/carbon monoxide / benzo-alpha-pyrene / tar /nicotine ( carcinogenic substances) P2: destruct the cell cycle P3: leads to lung cancer Or

1+1+1


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P1 : Particles of carbon / tar /other suitable substances from cigarette smoke P2 : that logged / deposited / accumulated in the lungs P3 : leads to black lung Or P1 Carbon dioxide compete with oxygen to combine with haemoglobin P2: less oxygen combine with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin //carbon dioxide combine with haemoglobin to form carbaminohaemoglobin P3: difficulty in breathing Or P1: Heat from smoke P2: Dry the surface of alveolus P3: Oxygen cannot be dissolved

Any one group

3

(e) Able to state two importance of the respiratory system to living organism. Sample answer: P1 : to supply / transport oxygen to the tissues P2 : to transport / remove carbon dioxide from the tissue

Any two

1+1

2 TOTAL 12


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Section B

Question 6


Total Marks

6 (a) Able to explain the role of X in digestion based on the following criteria

Function as a gland Name of any one enzyme secreted Site of enzyme What happens in the duodenum Example specific enzyme reaction

Sample answer P1: (organ P is pancreas ) secretes pancreatic juice P2: containing lipase / amylase / trypsin enzyme P3: (secretes ) into the duodenum P4: Lipase hydrolyses lipids to fatty acids and glycerol / Amylase hydrolyses starch to maltose /Trypsin hydrolyses peptones / polypeptide to peptides

Any four

Max 4

4

(b)

Able to explain the assimilation of digested food of glucose , amino acids and lipids Sample answer Glucose P1: Excess of glucose (in the blood) is converted to glycogen (and stored) P2: by insulin P3: When glucose level in blood is low glycogen is converted to glucose P4: by glucagon P5: Excess of glycogen is converted to lipids P6: glucose is oxidized to release energy (in cellular respiration)

Max 6


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Any two

Amino acid P7: Synthesis of plasma protein (from amino acids) P8: Excess amino acids are deaminated into urea / uric acid P9: Is used to synthesize new protoplasm/ repair of damaged tissues P10: Is used to synthesize enzymes/antibodies/hormones

Any two

Lipids P11: Excess lipids is stored in adipose tissues P12: Phospholipids / cholesterol make up the plasma membrane P13: Synthesis of hormones P14: Acts as body insulator

Any two

6

(c)(i) Able to determine the total energy value taken by the girl per day. Answer 15800KJ

1

1

(c)(ii) Able to justify whether the girl has consumed a balanced diet and give a reason Answer No. The calorie taken is more than the daily requirement

1 +1

2


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(c)(iii) Able to explain the consequence to take the same menu everyday for a long time. Sample Answer

Justification Consequences

P1: Highly rich in carbohydrate

E1: Diabetes mellitus E2: Excess glucose in blood

P2: Highly rich in lipids / fats / cholesterol

E3: Obesity / heart attack / arteriosclerosis / angina E4: Increase in body weight (drastically) E5: Blockage in the blood vessels

P3: Lack of fibre E6: Constipation/ hemorrhoid / bowel cancer E7: Faeces move slowly through the colon

P4: Lack of vitamins E8: Any disease related to deficiency of vitamins

P5; Highly intake of protein E9: Gout E10:Accumulation of uric acid at the joint

Any seven

Max 7 7

TOTAL

20


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Question 7


Total Marks

(a)

Able to explain the importance of the characteristics found in blood vessel X.

Answer

F1: Thick (muscular) wall P1: To withstand the high pressure F2: Small lumen P2: To transport blood at high pressure

Max 4

4

(b)

Able to explain how edema can happen

Answer

P1: Edema is the swollen of the body tissues P2: As too much fluid is retained P3: When the lymphatic vessel is blocked P4: Excess fluid cannot be returned to the bloodstream P5: Causes accumulation of interstitial fluid P6: in the spaces between the cells

Max 6

6

(c)(i) Able to explain the immunity given to individual P

Sample Answer:

F1: Individual P is given artificially acquired active immunity P1: Individual P is given an injection of vaccine P2: which is a preparation of weakened / dead or non-virulent forms of pathogen (that is not harmful) P3: (The injected vaccine stimulates the lymphocytes to produce Antibodies P4: The first injection results inthe production of a low level of

Max 6


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antibody concentration P5: Not enough to protect the person against the disease. P6: The second injection increases the antibody production to a level of immunity P7: So that he can beprotected against the disease. P8: The second injection is known as booster dose

Any six

6

(c)(iii) Able to explain how the injection of antiserum could save the boy.

Sample Answer

F : Snake venom / toxin acts as antigen to our body P1: anti serum contains antibodies / anti-toxin P2: Antibody-antigen action occurs very fast P3: Antitoxin/ antibody reacts with / neutralizes the toxin / snake

venom/ antigen/ he is saved. P4: However, the immunity given is temporary / not long lasting

Any four

Max 4

4

TOTAL 20


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Question 8

No Mark scheme Sub Mark

Total Marks

8 (a)(i) Able to explain how the knee-jerk reflex occurs.

Sample answer

P1: the knee cap is struck by a reflex hammer, P2: the stretch receptor in the muscle is stimulated. P3: This generates nerve impulses P4: then, impulse is transmitted along the afferent neurone P5: towards the spinal cord P6: via the dorsal root P7: In the spinal cord, the nerve impulses are transmitted from the afferent neurone to efferent neurone P8: The efferent neurone transmit the nerve impulses from the spinal cord to the effector / thigh`s quadriceps P9: Muscle / thigh`s quadriceps contracts P10: jerking the leg forward

Any eight

Max 8

8

8(a)(ii) Able to explain what will happen if the knee is tapped with a reflex hammer again.

Sample answer

F1: Afferent neurone damaged P1: impulse from receptor cannot be transmitted to spinal cord P2: no impulse can be sent via efferent neurone P3 : muscles (effector) do not contract// no knee-jerk

Max 4


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F2: Efferent neurone damaged E4: impulse from receptor can be transmitted to spinal cord E5: impulse cannot be transmitted via the efferent neurone E6: muscles (effector) do not contract// no knee-jerk

Any four

4

TOTAL 20

Question 9

No Mark scheme Sub Mark

Total Marks

9 (a) Able to explain the effects of the pollution to the environment

Sample answer

P1: Increases of an accident because low visibility of sight P2: Reduce rate of photosynthesis because low light Intensity P3: Formation of acid rain because an emission of Oxide of Nitrogen/ Sulphur dioxide P4: Acid rain may corrode buildings P5: Increases respiratory diseases / eyes irritation because of high suspended particles in the air. P6: The formation of green house effect because of high emission of green house gases / carbon dioxide / nitrogen oxide / sulfur dioxide P7: Lead to global warming

Any five

Max 10


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Able to suggest measures to be taken to reduce this pollution Sample answer P1: Use public transport / car pooling to reduce the emission of smoke P2: Campaigns / education to instill awareness of the importance of ecosystem P3: Install catalytic converter / filter at the factory chimney to convert hazardous gases into harmless substances P4: Use natural gas vehicles / solar car to reduce the emission of smoke from exhaust of vehicles P5: Use incinerator instead of open burning to reduce emission of smoke P6: Law enforcement to punish offender P7: Use unleaded petrol to reduce the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels / emission of lead into environment P8: Treat toxic waste before discharging them into environment to convert hazardous substances into harmless substances

Any five

10

(b) Able to discuss the bad effects of the deforestation.

Sample answer

P1: (When the forest is cleared), the soil is exposed to rain / water / wind P2: leads to soil erosion P3: No more root to anchor soil at the hill slopes P4: that will result in land slides P5: Wild species / flora and fauna will be threatened

Max 10


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P6: as their habitat is destroyed P7: Extinction of flora and fauna P8: The deposited soil will cause the water level to increase (rapidly) P9: that leads to flash flood P10: Lost of valuable resources such as timber / medicine plants P11: Water catchment areas will be destroyed P12: Food web will be disrupted P13: Disrupt the nitrogen cycle / carbon cycle

Any five Able to discuss the good effects of the deforestation. Sample answer

P1: (Urbanization) provides more job opportunities P2: Increase educational level by building more education centre ( like schools, colleges and universities) P3: Reduce travelling time by building highways P4: Increase / improve the economic status P5: Improve living condition P6: Good sanitation system

Any five

10

TOTAL 20

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kertas 2 pep pertengahan tahun sbp 2011(skema)

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