INSTRUMENTARIUM

ISI BAHASAN : I. INSTRUMENT KONSERVASI JKG

A. INSTRUMENT EKSPLORASIB. INSTRUMENT PREPARASI (cutting instr)C. INSTRUMENT PENUMPATAN(restoring intr)D. INSTRUMENT PEMOLESANE. MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUMENT

II. CARA PENGGUNAAN INSTRUMENTIII. CARA STERILISASI INSTRUMENT

INSTRUMEN BERDASARKAN CARA PENGGUNAAN

A. ALAT YANG PEMAKAIANNYA SECARA DIPEGANG ( HAND INSTRUMENT)

B. ALAT YANG PEMAKAIANNYA DENGAN MEKANIK ( ROTARY INSTRUMENT)

HAND INSTRUMENTA. Hand / Shaft : Bagian alat yang dipegang tanganB. Point / Head : Bagian alat yang berfungsi

Cutting Instrument : Blade Condensing instrument : Nib

C. Shank : Bagian alat yang menghubungkan shaft dan head.

D. Cutting edge : tepi alat yang tajamE. Blade angle : Sudut yang terbentuk antara sumbu

panjang blade dan shaftF. Cutting edge angle : sudut antara cut edge dan

sumbu panjang shaft

BC

A

D

Handle / Shaft

Shank

Point / Head

Cutting edge

BERDASARKAN JUMLAH SUDUT

Mon Agle Binangle Triple angle Straight

BERDASARKAN JUMLAH BEVEL

Single bevel Bi bevel Triple bevel Circimferential bevel

BERDASARKAN ARAH BEVEL

Right instrument Left instrument Distally instrument Mesially instrument

BERDASARKAN ARAH BEVEL PADA ALAT

Right instrument Left instrument Distally instrument Mesially instrument

oFriction grip shank Neck head

latch grip shank

Tindakan pengeburan : menghasilkan panas dan dapat mengancam vitalitas gigi

1.Ketajaman bur2.Ukuran penampang bur3.Kecepatan putar bur

Diatasi dengan :1.Semprotan air2.Tekknik pengeburan intermittrem

Tingkat kecepatan bur :

Low speed : 3000 6000 rpmHigh speed : 45000 100000 rpmUltra high speed : > 100000 rpm

a. PINSETb. MIRRORc. SONDE

- used for picking up small items, such as cotton pellets and carrying them to the mouth

Pinset

Mirror allows indirect visualization of obscure areas of the mouth reflects light into the area being examined or treated retracts soft tissues

Sonde to measure the depth of cavity (PROBE)

to detect and explore cavity, feel tooth surface irregurality (EXPLORER)

EXCAVATOR CHISEL HATCHET HUE

Excavator- left-cutting and right-cutting spoons- Used in removing decay

Chisel- Straight chisel with bevels on the sides of the blade to give secondary cutting edges and on the end to give primary cutting edge- Used to cut email (pushing or pulling

Hatchets The blade and cutting edge are on a plane with the long axis of the handle, the shank has two angles Left-cutting and right-cutting ends Used in Class II preparations, especially for finishing the enamel margins and removing unsupported enamel Determining dimensions of preparation Smoothened cavity wall

Hoe Similar than chisel but the blade is angled more than 12.5 centigrades Used to remove unsupported enamel

1. METAL BURS : Jumlah Blade 6 bilah berfungsi memotong bila diputar searah jarum jam

2. DIAMOND BURS: Bagian head tersusun oleh serbuk batu intan Amat tajam Memotong jaringan dengan dua arah putaran

MACAM-MACAM BUR DAN FUNGSINYA

1. ROUND BURS/BUR BULAT: UNTUK MEMBUKA DAN MEMPERDALAM KAVITAS

2. FISURE BURS/BUR FISURE: UNTUK MELEBARKAN DAN MENGHALUSKAN DINDING KAVITAS

a. SILINDRIS FISURE BURS: MEMBENTUK DINDING TEGAK KAVITASb. TAPERED FISURE BURS: MEMBENTUK DINDING KAVITAS

KONVERGEN3. INVERTED CONE BURS / KONUS TERBALIK:

UNTUK MEMBENTUK UNDER-CUTKETIGA JENIS BUR INI MEMILIKI VARIASI, MISALNYA:CROSS-CUT; ROUND-END ; END-CUTTING DLL.

4. DISCUS BURS: BENTUK CAKRAM, UNTUK MEMOTONG JARINGAN

5. WHEEL : BENTUK RODA, UNTUK MEMBENTUK DINDING PERMUK.PREP. MAHKOTA, MEMBTK. GROOVE

1.Barrel2.Round wheel

3.Wheel

1. .Round2.Surgical length round

3.Round + neck4.Flat end taper

5.Taper rounded shoulder

1. Inverted cone2.Double inverted cone

3.Knife edge4.Gross reduction

5.Pear

1.Egg / footballIntrproksimal

Flat end cylinderCylinder rounded shoulder

Round end cylinder

1.Round end taperNeedle

Christmas treeFlame

Gingival curetage

1.Torpedo cylinder2.Pointed cylinder

3.Separation4.End cutting

5.Depth cutting

1.Save end2.Special spiral bur

Condensers (alat pemadat)- used to compress the amalgam into the preparation- working ends (nibs) are round with flat ends- amalgam is condensed by using vertical or lateral condensation- Large condensers may also be used to place composites by pushing or patting it into the preparation

BURNISHER1. CLEOID - DISCOID- removes surplus edges and deepens grooves in dental carvings.

CARVER1. CLEOID - DISCOID-used for occlusal carving - the point of the cleoid is used to carve the bases of grooves in the occlusal amalgam

2. HOLLENBACKused for occlusal, proximal, facial or lingual carving

3. INTERPROXIMALused for proximal amalgam surfaces near the interproximal contact area

Spatula

untuk mengaduk semen

Agate spatula- untuk SIK

Glass plate

Plastic instrumentsused to carry and shape tooth-colored restorative materials

Applicatorused to apply liners or bases into the preparation

Amalgam carrier

to pick up a quantity of amalgam and transfer it into a prepared cavity or a mold

Tofflemire

- used to hold matrix around the tooth

Matrix band

Cavity aspect after preparation.

Placement of Tofflemire matrix and retainer.

Proximal contact obtained using a flat metallic circular matrix.

Klas II

SuperMat

KLAS IV

Celluloid Matrix strip

the matrix of choice for proximal restorations three-eighths of an inch wide and is cut to the

desired length. Another celluloid-type matrix that is used with resin

restorations is the cervical matrix., It is cylindrical or tabular in shape and is generally used on the facial and lingual surfaces of anterior teeth.

Cervical matrix

To compress restorative material during light cure process in class V composite restoration

Flexible to the exact contour of the tooth for dense restorations with excellent marginal integrity.

Tooth 4.4.-Prepared cavity before rubber dam placement.

Automatrix and wedge in place.

Automatrix

proximal contact obtained using anatomical precontoured Automatrix

Polishing and finishing composite restoration

Excess removal and contouring was done with a 10-bladed carbide-finishing bur

For final polishing, a single-step silicone polisher was used

FINISHING :diamond , tungsten carbide

POLISHINGsilicone carbide, aluminium oxide, rubber silicone, polishing disc with alpin points

Composite Polishing Brushes, Pointed

Composite Polishing Brushes, Regular

Stripe finishing and polishing diamond stripZirconium silicate abrasive type aluminum oxide fine + medium.

GIC POLISHING KIT

Material diamond Silicon with ceramic binder / polishing agent aluminium oxide with ceramic binder

Amalgam polishing kit bahan : silicone, incorporated polishing agent

Articulating Paper Forceps

Control the instrument Greater tactile sensitivity Reduce operators fatigue

Pen Grasp

With the pen grasp, hold the instrument the way you would hold a pen when writing Grasp the handle with your thumb and first finger while your middle finger supports the instrument from underneath. This is a favorite grasp when using the mouth mirror

Modified Pen Grasp

hold the instrument in basically the same way as in the pen grasp, except that the fleshy part of your middle finger rests lightly on the shank of the instrument

This finger is used to feel the shank vibrate when the instrument's working end rubs over a rough surface. The middle finger also helps to guide the instrument. The ring finger is used to stabilize the hand in the patient's mouth. Balance your hand and the instrumentation with this finger.

Palm Grasp

When using the palm grasp, the index, middle, ring, and little finger hold the instrument so that it rests in the palm of your hand.

Your thumb remains free to stabilize your hand in the patient's mouth, or it may be used to support an instrument when sharpening .This grasp is rarely used in the mouth and only when exceptional force is needed

Palm Thumb Grasp Grasps the handle of the instrument in the

palm of the hand with the four fingers wrapped around the handle while the thumb is extendedupward from the palm

Used wuth instruments having straight shanks and blades : chisel

Reverse Palm Thumb Grasp

Variation of palm-thumb gras Frequently used to hold the evacuator tip in

the patients mouth. The evacuator is held in the palm of the

hand with the tumb directed forward the assistant instead toward the pathient, as with the palm-thumb grasp

Finger Rest

Use a finger rest or fulcrum to maintain control of the instrument. It is a stabilizing point for your hand while you are operating in the mouth.

You should use a finger rest in the same arch and as close to the working area as possible. In the modified pen grasp, the third or ring finger is always used as a finger rest.

This finger can rest on the teeth, the gingiva, another finger, or a combination of these

Do not use soft movable tissue for a finger rest. When you are holding the instrument in a pen grasp, use your third finger as the finger rest. When you are using the palm grasp, use your thumb for the finger rest.

The same finger that is used as a finger rest also acts as a fulcrum, the pivot point around which the necessary force to remove the calculus can be exerted.

Incorrect pen grasp

Incorrect wrist position

Incorrect joint position