inovasi dalam p&p masakini: aplikasi mobil pakej ... · pdf file•inovasi...

Inovasi dalam P&P masakini: Aplikasi mobil – pakej pembelajaran

dan komunikasi

Prof. Madya Dr. Supyan HussinUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Seminar Penyelidikan Pendidikan Kebangsaan 2015IPGM dan IPG ZON UTARA

21-22 Oktober 2015

Sila jawab soalan ini:

• Adakah anda memiliki telefon pintar?

• Berapa orang di sini yang memiliki talianterus ke internet dalam telefon pintaranda tanpa bergantung kepada wifi?

Dr. Supyan Hussin UKM

Sila jawab soalan ini:

• Pernahkan anda muat turun apa jua apps (aplikasi) dari Apps Store or Google Play?

• Pernahkan anda muat turun pakejpembelajaran mobil dari Apps Store or Google Play?

• Berapa banyak agaknya bilangan pakejpembelajaran mobil yang ada dalam Apps Store or Google Play? Juta atau billion?


Inovasi: definisi dan skop dalam P&P

• Invovasi - ??

• Inovasi – kreativiti dalam proses atau produk; sesuatu yang berbeza tetapi mencapai objektifdigariskan serta hasil yang lebih baik

• Inovasi ada umur dan tempoh

• Inovasi berubah menjadi arus perdana

• Inovasi berubah konvensional setelah tamattempoh atau apabila dicabar oleh inovasi yang lebih baik


Inovasi dalam P&P: satu dinamika

• Perubahan dalam teori

• Perubahan dalam pendekatan pengajaran

• Perubahan dalam pendekatan pembelajaran

• Perubahan bagi meningkat kualiti guru, kualitipelajar, kualiti P&P, dan kualiti pendidikan

• Perubahan budaya hidup generasi masa kini

• Perubahan budaya kerja

• Perubahan budaya belajar

• Perubahaan dalam permintaan dan keperluan


Trend pengajaransemalam, kini dan masa depan

Behaviorism Cognitivism Constructivism

Psychology

PrescriptiveStructuralistDescriptive

GenerativeTrans-Gram

Communicative

Post-TGContextual

Linguistics Focus

ALMDirect Method

TPR, NACommunicative

IntegratedEclecticWhole

Language pedagogy

Teacher-CenteredTask-based

Situational-basedCommunicative

Student-centeredLearning-centered

Self-directed

Curriculum focus


Perkembangan Integrasi teknologi dalam P&P

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Correspondence:

Paper-based

Radio

Broadcasting

Off-campus

Paper-based

e-Learning II

Network-based

wireless

2020

broadband

Telephone

conferencing

Video

conferencing

Online materials,

Discussion; CMC

e-Learning I

Electronic based

Satellite

mobile

e-Learning III

Mobile based

ubiquitous

Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 Web 4.0


Teknologi dalam P&P

• Teknologi adalah alat, bukan metod

• Teknologi tidak ada makna dalam vakum, tetapi harus ada konteks yang betul

• Teknologi digunakan dengan kaedah yang sesuai.

• Teknologi membantu guru dalam P&P, bukanmengganti guru


Belajar

• Distance learning, computer-based learning, computer-assistedlearning, e-learning, mobile learning

• Belajar adalah satu proses pemerolehan (acquiring) ilmu dankemahiran dari satu tahap kepadatahap yang lain denganpertambahan pemahaman dankeupayaan yang diukur bagimencapai objektif pembelajaran.

Belajar

Tiada belajar


Keterusan pembelajaran

Berpusat pada guru Berpusat pada pelajar

Terkawal/

Bahan terhad &

Persekitaran terhad

(Tidak) Berstruktur/

Bahan tambahan &

Persekitaran teranjung

Berpusat pada pembelajarn

(Tidak) Berstruktur/

Bahan tambahan &

Lebih banyak aktiviti

pembelajaran

Persekitaran

teranjung

Pembelajaran

sepanjang hayat

Terhad, tertutup TerbukaFleksibel

e-pembelajaran, m-pembelajaran


Penglibatan pembelajaran

• Apa bukti adanya “Learning engagement”?

• Apa bukti adanya “Learning time”?

• Blended learning, pembelajaran teradun

• Flipped learning, pembelajaran beralih-ganti

Bilik KuliahPersekitaran web

Persekitaran mobil

Pembelajaran terhad pada ruang dan masa

Pembelajaran fleksiblel dan berterusan (continuum)


1. Pakej pembelajaran mobil (mobile-assisted learning) dan kajian2. Pakej komunikasi mobil dan kajian

2 bahagian

Inovasi dalam P&P masa kini


Pakej pembelajaran mobil (mobile-assisted learning) dan kajian

1st part


Senario masa kini


Peningkatan Telefon Pintar dan Tab

Smartphone shipments worldwide• 2011: 485 million • 2012: 680 million • 2013: 823 million • 2017: expected 1296 million

Tablet sales worldwide• 2012: 136 million• 2013: 208 million• 2017: expected 398 million

Source: http://www.portioresearch.com/en/reports/current-portfolio/smartphone-futures-2012-2016.aspx


Mobile Apps

Games Communication

Learning apps

Applications

Entertainment

Security

Utilities


Mobile Apps


Trend: Muaturun app mobil

• Meningkat gajet mobil: smartphone, tabs

• Meningkat pengguna mobil, app mobil

Apakah faktor yang mendorong dalam peningkatanmuaturun apps mobil?


Asia Pacific

Trend: Pengguna app mobil


21Source : Nielsen 2012

Pemilikan gajet mobil di Asia Tenggara

phone

Malaysia


22Source : Nielsen 2012

Pembelian gajet mobil akan datang Asia Tenggara

Tab

Malaysia


Web evolution and education

© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013

Mobile Learning

Konsep asas, kunci kata

Web apps vs Mobile apps

Web program accessed via mobile gadgets (PDA, Mobile phone)

• Dependent applications/ contents

• Not downloadable

• Access the program from the websites

• Rely on internet line, wi-fi

Mobile apps accessed via mobile smartphones/tablet PCs

• Independent applications

• Downloadable. Download apps and install the apps into the smartphone

• Immediate access and use

• Direct internet access

© Dr. Supyan Hussin

CALL vs MALL

• CALL: computer-assisted language learning– Specific for “language

learning “

• Criteria of CALL:– Customized lessons

– Individualized instruction (structured/unstructured learning materials)

– Bi-directional learning (interactive, feedback)

• MALL: mobile-assisted language learning

– Specific for “language learning “

• Criteria of MALL:

– Customized Lessons

– Individualized instruction (structured/unstructured learning materials)

– Bi-directional learning (interactive, feedback)


Mobiliti dalam pembelajaran ataupembelajaran mobil

• Mobility = nomad learning

• Dependent mobility in accessing web materials

• Independent mobility using mobile apps


Mobile Apps untuk P&P

Teacher-Student 1:1 Communication

Group/Class Communication/

Discussion/Forum

Self-directed LearningMobile Apps

Storage

1

2

3

Texting

© Dr. Supyan Hussin/2013

3 ways of teaching

Kajian penilaian pakejpembelajaran mobil


Contoh: Pakej pembelajaran BI Mobile(Mobile-assisted language learning MALL)

Pakej MALL

• Semua bahasa, satu contoh bahan pakejBahasa Inggeris

• Tidak berasaskan web

• Boleh muaturun Downloadable, installable

• Berbayar, percuma, sampel FOC + berbayarapps

• Gadgets: Smartsphone, Tab

• OS: IPhone, Android environment


Pakej pembelajaran mobil yang baik

• Pakej yang baik apps harus mencerminkan 4 tahap bearahan– Kenalkan konsep, kata kunci, kemahiran

– Bimbing pelajar memahami konsep, kata kunci, kemahiran melalui demonstrasi, illustrasi, contoh)

– Beri latih tubi dengan soalan, simulasi, permainan) untui kuasai konsep, kata kunci, kemahiran(exploratory)

– Nilai tahap kefahama dan kemairan (test) untukpemantauan


Major Criteria in the Review Checklist

Criteria1. System *2. Language skills **

3. Program use(s) ***

4. Curriculum **

5. Language & culture *

6. Surface features **

7. Invisible functions ***

8. Interaction ***

9. Social characteristics **

10. Others *

• Total scores

• RecommendationMALL Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) Courseware Quality Review Checklist by Supyan Hussin, UKM © 2013

• * Asterisk indicate the degree of importance

• Each criteria has a list of elements to be reviewed.

• Likert Scale 0-4 + comments

• Total up the score for each item in each section

Meet the requirement of 9 major criteria; based on principles that are derived from Behaviorist theory, Cognitive theory and Constructivist Theory


Senarai semak bersandarkan kepada

teori pembelajaran

Behaviorism – learning involves repetitious drills, habit

formation

Cognitivism – learning involves manipulation of thinking

Constructivism – learning involves re-conceptualizing

and reconstructing of meaningful knowledge based on

several inputs that are derived from various resources

Cognitive constructivism - Cognitive abilities,

potentials

Social constructivism - Interactions: teacher-

students, student-student, student-computerized

learning materials, students-outsiders


Pendekatan Behavioris

Ciri-ciri

• stimulus-response

• repetitious

• accuracy

• reinforcement

• observable

• surface structure

• contrastive

• performance

• scientific method

• surface structure

• description of “what”

Adapted from Dr. Supyan Hussin 2013


Pendekatan KognitifCiri-ciri

• potential of mind

• acquisition

• learning

• analysis and insight

• rationalism

• intuition

• error analysis

• competence

• deep structure

• explanation of “why”

• self-paced learning

• self-directed learning

• autonomous learning

• discovery learning

• problem-based learningDr. Supyan Hussin UKM

Pendekatan Konstruktivis

Ciri-ciri• acquisition• learning• search, gather• synthesis• reconstruction• interaction• cooperative• collaborative• networking• integrated• self-paced learning • self-directed learning• autonomous learning• experiential learning• problem-based learning


Penilaian Pakej PembelajaranMobil

Contoh: Bahasa Inggeris (MALL Mobile-Assisted Language Learning)


SAMPLES: MALL APPS


1*

Practice English Grammar 1

Menu

Choose the number of questions

Input the answer by typing; no MCQDr. Supyan Hussin UKM

It has• Key concepts• Lessons • Exercises• Assessment

This MALL application is considered above average for general English practice with 119 "very good" and 74 "good" scores; it offers 17 tutorial materials, 12 language exercises, and 33 testing materials. It also provides progress reports of the performance. Assessed:10 June 2013

Feedback and progress report



English Leap

Menu

Sub-menu


2*

MCQ Feedback in color



Kekuatan dan kelemahan pakejpembelajaran mobil

• MALL Apps

– Membantu proses pembelajaran

1. Bersifat pembelajaran kendiri(individualized instruction, structured/ unstructured lessons)

2. Bersifat dua-hala (bi-directional learning or interactive features: feedback and progress report)


Pakej Komunikasi Mobil untuk P&P


Bahagian 2

Pakej Komunikasi Mobil untuk P&P

Teacher-Student 1:1 Communication

Group/Class Communication/

Discussion/Forum

Self-directed LearningMobile Apps

Storage

1

2

3

Texting


3 ways of teaching

Communication Apps


Telegram – Pakej Komunikasi Mobil untuk P&P

• Blended and Flipped learning approach

• Before class, during the class, after the class

• Distance T&L

• Alternative Platform for forum/discussion

• Telegram

– Save space & memory

– Smartphone, PC, I-Pad, Tab, Web versions

– All files are compatible doc, pic, video, audio, pdf


ACTIVITIES

1. Vocabulary

2. Pronunciation: word

3. Dictation – Spelling

4. Pronunciation: Reading a sentence,

5. Pronunciation: Reading a paragraph

6. Sentence construction practice

7. Writing - Describing pictures, adjectives, tense

8. Writing - Describing videos, adjectives, tense


ACTIVITIES

9. Take a photo and describe (15-20 words)

10. Grammar ex. – Direct and indirect speech

11. Grammar exercise – common mistakes

12. Writing –Chain story

13. Record a conversation

14. Discussion


LESSON PLAN

Day Exercise

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

....


Pronunciation practice; recorded voice


In class meetings


Pronunciation practice: Speaking practice

recorded video


Writing practices


Reading aloud: recorded voice


Shared photo of group’s output


Video to stimulate interest, followed by discussion, short essay writing about the video; share the outputs


Graphic to stimulate interest, followed by discussion, short essay writing about the graph; share the outputs


A follow up of the graph discussion; language drill


Model the answer; language drill


Photo stimulation; description of the graphic – writing drill; language structure


Description of the photos


PowerPoint slides in the Telegram page for individual presentation


Grammar drill


Writing drill


Last semester classSes II 2014/2015


Kajian Tindakan

• 23 pelajar jurusan sains sosial, 17 sukarelasebagai responden (convenient sampling)

• Kursus English Language Proficiency 14 minggu

• Telegram sebagai pelengkap proses P&P selaindari I-Folio (LMS UKM) dan FB


NO

NO


Pengesahan respondenterhadap aktiviti P&P dalam Telegram


Which of the above activities that you like most?

Name any 5 activities in your own sequence of preferred activities

The highest is no 2, followed by no. 1


In what way the above activities benefit you? How do/does the

activities/activity help you in enhancing your language competency?

Choose any 2-3 activities and provide a brief explanation for each activity


What are the

constraints or

difficulties that

you faced

when using

Telegram? List

them

Learningbenefits

Connection


What are the

challenges that

you encountered

when engaging in

Telegram USE in

this course?


What are your

suggestions

to improve

the Telegram

DISCUSSION

in this

course?


After going

through this

course for one

semester, (1)

what do you think

of your English

language

proficiency now?

(2) What other

things you

thought you have

learned from this

course besides

language and

communication?


Our class used FB, IFolio, and Telegram as alternative platforms beside class meeting for

learning engagement in this course. What do you think of these platforms for the purpose of

learning engagement?


Kesimpulan

• Bilangan pakej m-pembelajaran semakin meningkatdan membawa makna individu ada banyak pilhan

• Senarai semak bagi memilih apps mobil atau pakej m-pembelajaran harus dibangunkan dengan disandarkankepada prinsip dari teori yang jelas

• Pakej Komunikasi Mobil boleh dieksploitasi oleh guru masa kini.

• Perubahan budaya kerja dan masa bekerja tidak dapatlari dari perubahan minda, tindakan, dan kaedahmengajar (pedagogy).


References

• New Media trends watch: http://www.newmediatrendwatch.com/markets-by-country/17-usa/855-mobile-devices

• Tablet ownership: http://tabtimes.com/news/ittech-stats-research/2012/03/15/nielsen-us-tablet-owners-purchase-far-more-media-europeans-one

• Global mobile statistics. http://mobithinking.com/mobile-marketing-tools/latest-mobile-stats

Email: [email protected]: supyanhussin.wordpress.com

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