ii.falsafah sains & teknologi

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Prof Madya Dr. Hj. Su‘aidi Dato’ Hj. Safei

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Prof Madya Dr. Hj. Su‘aidi Dato’ Hj. Safei “ “ Scientia Scientia ” ” “ “ Science Science ” ”    “Tekne” (Latin) bermaksud kemahiran/ skill/ art  “Logos” bermaksud wacana/ kata sistematis (ilmu) • "Cara yg digunakan manusia dalam mengaplikasi pengetahuan & kemahiran utk mencapai / memenuhi matlamat & tujuan tertentu“ • Pembangunan & penggunaan alatan, gadget, mesin, bahan & proses utk menyelesaikan masalah manusia

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Prof Madya

Dr. Hj. Su‘aidi

Dato’

Hj. Safei

Page 2: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

MenurutMenurut

Prof. Dr Prof. Dr OsmanOsman

BakarBakar

““ilmuilmu

sebagaisebagai

asasasas

TamadunTamadun””. .

TanpaTanpa

ilmuilmu

pengetahuanpengetahuan, , manusiamanusia

tidaktidak

dapatdapat

membangunkanmembangunkan

tamaduntamadun, , ilmuilmu

ialahialah

rukunrukun

utamautama pembangunanpembangunan

tamaduntamadun

insaninsan

yang yang sihatsihat. .

JatuhJatuh

bangunbangun

sesuatusesuatu

tamaduntamadun

banyakbanyak

berpuncaberpunca

daripadadaripada

faktorfaktor

ilmuilmu

yang yang terdapatterdapat

dalamdalam

tamaduntamadun

tersebuttersebut..

Page 3: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

SebagaimanaSebagaimana

yang yang diperjelaskandiperjelaskan

oleholeh

kebanyakankebanyakan

sarjanasarjana

bahawabahawa

sainssains

ituitu

sebenarnyasebenarnya

berakarberakar

umbiumbi

daripadadaripada

ilmuilmu falsafahfalsafah, , begitubegitu

dengandengan

dengandengan

S.HS.H

Nasr di mana Nasr di mana dalamdalam

memperbincangkanmemperbincangkan

berkaitanberkaitan

dengandengan

sainssains

dalamdalam

peradabanperadaban Islam Islam beliaubeliau

jugajuga

telahtelah

mengemukakanmengemukakan

pandanganpandangan

beliaubeliau

mengenaimengenai

aktvitiaktviti

ilmuilmu

falsafahfalsafah

di di kalangankalangan

umatumat

Islam abad 3 Islam abad 3 HijrahHijrah

/ 9 / 9 MesehiMesehi. . BerdasarkanBerdasarkan

kepadakepada

aktivitiaktiviti

penterjemahanpenterjemahan

ilmuilmu

falsafahfalsafah

YunaniYunani

dikatakandikatakan

ilmuilmu

falsafahfalsafah Islam Islam kemudiannyakemudiannya

menjadimenjadi

hebathebat

dan dan mendapatmendapat

perhatianperhatian

masyarakatmasyarakat

Page 4: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

SainsSains

menjadimenjadi

satusatu

topiktopik

perbincanganperbincangan

ygyg

pentingpenting, , berkuasaberkuasa

& & bernilaibernilai

KejayaannyaKejayaannya

ygyg

besarbesar, , telahtelah

membawamembawa

sainssains

terlibatterlibat

didi

dalamdalam

bidangbidang

politikpolitik, , sptspt

keputusankeputusan

ygyg

utamautama

dlmdlm

apaapa

juajua

dasardasar negaranegara

IaIa

seolahseolah--olaholah

menjadimenjadi

bahanbahan

ygyg

dipersoalkandipersoalkan

oleholeh

org org ramairamai

& & dasardasar

ygyg

berkaitanberkaitan

dgndgn

sainssains

sekarangsekarang

iniini

mulamula dibincangkandibincangkan

secarasecara

terbukaterbuka

terutamanyaterutamanya

bagaimanabagaimana

utkutk

membezakanmembezakan

sifatsifat

semulajadisemulajadi

sainssains

ygyg

perluperlu

difahamidifahami

supayasupaya iaia

berbezaberbeza

daridari

aktivitiaktiviti--aktivitiaktiviti

lain.lain.

Page 5: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

SardarSardar

berpendapatberpendapat

sainssains

baratbarat

adalahadalah

sesuatusesuatu

ygyg

bersifatbersifat

rasionalrasional

berbandingberbanding

dgndgn

pandanganpandangan

sainssains

menurutmenurut

Islam. Islam. SainsSains

Islam Islam menyatukanmenyatukan

antaraantara

sainssains

& & sesuatusesuatu

ygyg

bersifatbersifat

objektifobjektif, , kemudiannyakemudiannya

diselaraskandiselaraskan

dengandengan

pandanganpandangan

Islam.Islam.

Ia merangkumi segala bidang penyelidikan, pembangunan Ia merangkumi segala bidang penyelidikan, pembangunan mahupun nilaimahupun nilai--nilai etika ketika melaksanakan amalan sains.nilai etika ketika melaksanakan amalan sains.

Sains barat dikatakan bermula dgn idea sains rasional, di Sains barat dikatakan bermula dgn idea sains rasional, di mana ianya dimaksudkan bahawa segala aktiviti sains itu mana ianya dimaksudkan bahawa segala aktiviti sains itu bersifat benar dan dengan keadaan kebenaran aktiviti itulah bersifat benar dan dengan keadaan kebenaran aktiviti itulah maka sains menurut barat terlalu unggul & mengiktiraf sains maka sains menurut barat terlalu unggul & mengiktiraf sains itu terlalu istimewa & berkedudukan tinggi.itu terlalu istimewa & berkedudukan tinggi.

Page 6: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

““ScientiaScientia””““ScienceScience””

““SainsSains

adalahadalah

sekumpulansekumpulan

ilmuilmu

ygyg

tersusuntersusun

& &

sistematiksistematik

berkaitanberkaitan

kajiankajian

fenomenafenomena

alamalam tabietabie/nature /nature ygyg

bernyawabernyawa

& & tidaktidak

bernyawabernyawa

dgndgn

kaedahkaedah

ygyg

objektifobjektif

melaluimelalui

kajiankajian

eksperimeneksperimen

& &

cerapancerapan

utkutk

menghasilkanmenghasilkan

prinsipprinsip

ygyg

bolehboleh dipercayaidipercayai

sertaserta

bolehboleh

diujidiuji

kebenarannyakebenarannya" "

((Dr.SulaimanDr.Sulaiman

NordinNordin))

Page 7: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

“Tekne” (Latin) bermaksud

kemahiran/ skill/ art

“Logos” bermaksud

wacana/ kata

sistematis

(ilmu)

• "Cara yg

digunakan

manusia

dalam

mengaplikasi pengetahuan

& kemahiran

utk

mencapai

/ memenuhi

matlamat

& tujuan

tertentu“• Pembangunan & penggunaan

alatan, gadget, mesin, bahan

& proses

utk

menyelesaikan

masalah

manusia

Page 8: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

FalsafahFalsafahTabieTabie/Nature/Nature

SainsSains

TeknologiTeknologi

FalsafahFalsafah TabieTabie & & SainsSains: : AktivitiAktiviti

intelektualintelektual

FalsafahFalsafah TeknologiTeknologi: : AktivitiAktiviti

praktikalpraktikal

Page 9: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Science: Science: DalamDalam

masyarakatmasyarakat

Barat Barat hinggahingga

kinikini

tidaktidak

adaada

takriftakrif yang yang disepakatidisepakati. .

Definitions:Definitions:

i. systematic observation of natural events and conditions in ori. systematic observation of natural events and conditions in order der to discover facts about them & to formulate laws & principles bato discover facts about them & to formulate laws & principles based sed on these facts. on these facts.

ii. organized body of knowledge that is derived from such ii. organized body of knowledge that is derived from such observations & that can be verified or tested by further observations & that can be verified or tested by further investigation. investigation.

iii. any specific branch of this general body of knowledge, suchiii. any specific branch of this general body of knowledge, such

as as biology, physics, geology, or astronomy. biology, physics, geology, or astronomy.

((Academic Press Dictionary of Science & TechnologyAcademic Press Dictionary of Science & Technology))

Page 10: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

DalamDalam

kebingungankebingungan

inilahinilah

merekamereka menyimpulkanmenyimpulkan::

So what does all this mean?So what does all this mean?

It means that science does not presently, and It means that science does not presently, and probably never canprobably never can, give statements of , give statements of absolute eternal truth absolute eternal truth --

it only provides it only provides

theories. We know that those theories will theories. We know that those theories will probably be refined in the future, and some of probably be refined in the future, and some of them may even be discarded in favour of them may even be discarded in favour of theories that make more sense in light of data theories that make more sense in light of data generated by future scientists. generated by future scientists. However, our However, our present theories are our best available present theories are our best available explanations of the world.explanations of the world.

They explain, and They explain, and

have been tested against, a vast amount of have been tested against, a vast amount of information. information.

Page 11: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

??

However, our present theories are our best However, our present theories are our best available explanations of the world.available explanations of the world.

The other option, is to accept traditional The other option, is to accept traditional understandings of the natural worldunderstandings of the natural world……((Few Few modern people will accept traditional modern people will accept traditional lifestyles from centuries or millennia ago lifestyles from centuries or millennia ago --

travelling in carts pulled by draft animals, travelling in carts pulled by draft animals, cooking over open fires, herding sheep and cooking over open fires, herding sheep and cattle, sleeping in poorly heated huts, and cattle, sleeping in poorly heated huts, and watching their children die of smallpox or watching their children die of smallpox or polio. The advantages of a modern lifestyle polio. The advantages of a modern lifestyle are too great for most of us to pass up). are too great for most of us to pass up).

Page 12: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

SainsSains

((ilmuilmu

teoritikalteoritikal) yang ) yang sentiasasentiasa berubahberubah..

TeknologiTeknologi

adalahadalah

hasilhasil

sainssains

dandan

jugajuga turutturut

berubahberubah

mengikutmengikut

masamasa..

Teknologi

asas

yang dihasilkan

oleh

‘sains’

hasil

cerapan terhadap

alam

selaras

dengan

keperluan

zamannya

Page 13: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi
Page 14: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Tradisional

Moden

Page 15: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Salah

satu

alat

menangkap

ikan

tradisional. Hasil

sains

diaplikasikan

dalam

masyarakatyang memerlukan

alat

sedemikian

waktu

itu.

Page 16: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Alat

memotong

kayu

yang masih

digunakan

dan

perrubahannya

mengikut

masa

Page 17: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Kukuran

Pemarut

Kelapa

Mesin

menghasilkan

santan

kelapa

Page 18: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Batu Giling Batu Kisar

Alat-alat

pengisar yang lebih

moden

Di manakah aplikasi

Islam?

Page 19: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

KetikaKetika

melakukanmelakukan

korbankorban::

HabilHabil

(Abel) (Abel) berkorbanberkorban binatangbinatang

QabilQabil

(Cain) (Cain) buahbuah--buahanbuahan

KaedahKaedah

penternakanpenternakan

& &

pertanianpertanian

telahtelah

adaada

zamanzaman NabiNabi

Adam (Adam (AplikasiAplikasi

sainssains

selarasselaras

dgadga

zamanzaman

ituitu))

HabilHabil

& & QabilQabil

(The Sons of Adam) : The First (The Sons of Adam) : The First

Human Murder (Animated film DVD)Human Murder (Animated film DVD)

Publisher: Baraka Films (2003) Publisher: Baraka Films (2003)

Voice: Movie Voice: Movie

Media: DVD (multiMedia: DVD (multi--region) region)

Total running time: 40 Total running time: 40 minsmins

(approx.)(approx.)

Product description:Product description:

HabilHabil

& & QabilQabil

(Cain & Abel) is a 40 minute animated film based on (Cain & Abel) is a 40 minute animated film based on

the works of the works of SayyidSayyid

QutubQutub, which in, which in--turn were based upon the turn were based upon the

revelations of the Holy Quran. This is a high quality 3D modellerevelations of the Holy Quran. This is a high quality 3D modelled d

animated film. It is the story of the sons of Prophet Adam (animated film. It is the story of the sons of Prophet Adam (pbuhpbuh) )

and how one came to kill the other being spurred by the evil and how one came to kill the other being spurred by the evil

whisperings of whisperings of ShaitanShaitan. The animated film is unique in that it is the . The animated film is unique in that it is the

only film for children that is based upon a story from the Holy only film for children that is based upon a story from the Holy

Quran.Quran.

Page 20: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

First was Qabil

and Iqlima, two years later was the birth of Habil

and

Labuda.

The Koran itself does not mention the names of their other children.

When they reached adulthood Adam wanted to cross marry his children, Qabil

with the twin of Habil, that being

Labuda, while Habil

with the twin of Qabil, that being Iqlima.

Qabil

did not agree with this because according to him, Iqlima

was

far more beautiful than Labuda. This story than ended with the killing of Habil

by Qabil.

PEMBUNUHAN

Page 21: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

فبعث هللا غرابا يبحث في األرض ليريه فبعث هللا غرابا يبحث في األرض ليريه كيف يواري سوءة أخيه قال يا ويلتا كيف يواري سوءة أخيه قال يا ويلتا

أعجزت أن أكون مثل ھـذا الغراب فأواري أعجزت أن أكون مثل ھـذا الغراب فأواري سوءة أخي فأصبح من النادمين سوءة أخي فأصبح من النادمين ))5:315:31((

Bermaksud Bermaksud ““Kemudian Allah hantarkan Kemudian Allah hantarkan seekor burung gagak (menyuruhnya) seekor burung gagak (menyuruhnya) mengorekmengorek--ngorek di bumi supaya, ngorek di bumi supaya, diperlihatkan kepada (Qabil) Bagaimana diperlihatkan kepada (Qabil) Bagaimana cara menimbus mayat saudaranya. (Qabil) cara menimbus mayat saudaranya. (Qabil) berkata: "Wahai celakanya aku! Alangkah berkata: "Wahai celakanya aku! Alangkah lemah serta bodohnya aku, Aku tidak tahu lemah serta bodohnya aku, Aku tidak tahu berbuat seperti burung gagak ini, supaya berbuat seperti burung gagak ini, supaya Aku dapat menimbuskan mayat Aku dapat menimbuskan mayat saudaraku?". kerana itu menjadilah ia dari saudaraku?". kerana itu menjadilah ia dari golongan oranggolongan orang--orang yang menyesalorang yang menyesal””

Bagaimana Qabil

menggali

lubangberdasarkan

kaedah

yang diperlihatkanoleh

Gagak?

Page 22: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

TiadaTiada

riwayatriwayat

yang yang mendetailkannyamendetailkannya..

BilaBila

asasasas

ilmuilmu

diperolehidiperolehi, , dengandengan

sendirinyasendirinya

kaedahkaedah

yang yang digunakandigunakan selarasselaras

dengandengan

situasisituasi

waktuwaktu

ituitu

((tentunyatentunya

daridari alatanalatan

mudah/ringkasmudah/ringkas).).

AlatanAlatan

ituitu

tidaktidak

lain lain adalahadalah

teknologiteknologi

ringkasringkas

yang yang diaplikasikandiaplikasikan

waktuwaktu ituitu.. Bronze Age, the time in the

development of any human culture, before the introduction of iron, when most tools and weapons were made of bronze.

Stone Age, the time, early in the development of human cultures, before the use of metals, when tools and weapons were made of stone.

Page 23: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Iron Age, marks the period of development of TECHNOLOGY, when the working of iron came into general use, replacing bronze as the basic material for implements and weapons. It is the last stage of the archaeological sequence known as the three-age system (Stone Age, Bronze Age, & Iron Age).

Sains

moden

memberikan batasan

‘zaman

besi’

sebagai

permulaan

era teknologi dalam

kehidupan

manusia.

Kenyataan

tersebut

ada kebenarannya

apabila

dilihat

kepada

masa

kini; bagaimanapun

perlu

diingat

bahawa

asasnya

telah bermula

sejak

manusia

mula

dihadirkan

ke

dunia

ini.

Page 24: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

SUMPITAN DIGUNAKAN SEBAGAI ALAT [TEKNOLOGI] MEMBURU

Page 25: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

TEKNOLOGI MODEN

Page 26: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Sains samudera di kalangan rakyat Mesir Purba mampu membuat kapal yang kukuh

Page 27: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Salah sebuah kapal zaman tamadun Sains Mesir

Page 28: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Ex names: 1989 Seawise Giant, 1991 Happy Giant, 2004 Jahre Viking

Page 29: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi
Page 30: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

The worlds largest ship ever to sail the seas.

Page 31: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

KNOCK NEVIS,is the worlds largest ship at 458.4 meters long (over 1/4 of a mile) and 68.9 meterst

wide.The KNOCK NEVIS, a ship so

huge that when fully laden she can not pass through the 32 mile wide English channel

because it cannot maneuver, as traveling in a straight line is

its best forte.Also when fully laden, she sits 24.5 meters deep in the sea,a depth great enough to stop

her from accessing most of the world’s major ports.

Page 32: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

The Future Of Big Ships.

The Worlds largest ship EVER that will dwarf the KNOCK NEVIS will be called 'Freedom' and it is under construction as I write. It will be ONE MILE long and 25 stories tall from the waterline, and will displace an estimated 2.7 million tons.

Page 33: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Proposed Statistics.Length: Approximately 1 mile

Width: 3 city blocks (4,320 feet) Height: 25 stories

Weight: 3 million tons Volume: Titanic, Queen Mary, USS Nimitz

and the super-tanker Jahre Viking could all fit inside. Population onboard: 50,000 residents, 15,000 workers, including

20,000 visitors/day Construction: Hull composed of 600 120'x100' steel cells bolted together.

Location: Freedom would completely circle the world every two years

Closest Living Relative: Japan's Megafloat Airport, Tokyo Bay (1km long, 70 meters

wide, 20 meters depth) (Series of interlocking pressurized steel boxes)

Power : 100 electric 360 degree podded propellers at 3500 horsepower each.

Cost: an estimated $9 Billion.

Page 34: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

18,000 living units, with prices in the range of $180,000 to $2.5 million, including a small number of premium suites

currently priced up to $44 million. 3,000 commercial units in a similar price range

2,400 time-share units 10,000 hotel units

A World Class Casino A ferryboat transportation system that provides departures every 15 minutes, 24 hours a day, to 3 or more local cities giving ship residents access to the local neighborhood and up to 30,000 land-based residents a chance to spend a day

on the ship. A World-Class Medical Facility practicing Western and Eastern medicine as well as preventive and anti-aging

medicine. A School System that gives the students a chance to take a field trip into a different Country each week for academic purposes or to compete with local schools in numerous sporting events. For example; The Freedom Ship High School Soccer team plays a Paris High School team this week at home and an Italian team next week in Italy,

while the Freedom Ship High School Band presents a New Orleans Jazz musical at a concert hall in London.

An International Trade Center that gives on-board companies and shops the opportunity to show and sell

their products in a different Country each week. More than 100 acres of outdoor Park, Recreation, Exercise and Community space for the enjoyment of residents and

visitors.

The Freedom Ship

Page 35: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

The Freedom Ship

Page 36: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi
Page 37: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi
Page 38: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Freedom Ship is a concept for a floating city

proposed by Norman Nixon of Freedom Ship International.

According to the company's website,With a design length of 4,500 feet (1400 m), a width of 750 feet

(230 m), and a

height of 350 feet (110 m), Freedom Ship would be more than 4 times longer than the Queen Mary. The design concepts include a mobile modern city featuring

luxurious living, an extensive duty-free international shopping mall, and a full 1.7 million square foot (160,000 m²) floor set aside for various companies to showcase

their products. Freedom Ship would not be a cruise ship, it is proposed to be a unique place to live, work, retire, vacation, or visit. The proposed voyage would

continuously circle the globe, covering most of the world's coastal regions. Its large fleet of commuter aircraft and hydrofoils would ferry residents and visitors to and

from shore..

A side view of the proposed Freedom Ship. The largest existent ship in the world, the Knock Nevis, is approximately one third of this length.

Page 39: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

PrinsipPrinsip SainsSains & & TeknologiTeknologi BaratBarat

AspekAspek

falsafahfalsafah

MenolakMenolak

wahyuwahyu

sebgaisebgai

sumbersumber

ilmuilmu

HanyaHanya

berpandukanberpandukan

akalakal

KesanKesan: : timbultimbul

sifatsifat

egoistikegoistik

AspekAspek

MetodolgiMetodolgi

BersifatBersifat

bebasbebas

nilainilai, neutral , neutral dandan

objektifobjektif

KesanKesan: : SenjataSenjata

biologibiologi

/ / pengklonanpengklonan

AspekAspek

konseptualkonseptual

KebendaanKebendaan

dandan

sekularsekular

KajianKajian

terhadapterhadap

alamalam

nyatanyata

KesanKesan: : AtheisAtheis

bawabawa

krisiskrisis

jiwajiwa

Page 40: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

PrinsipPrinsip SainsSains & & TeknologiTeknologi IslamIslam

TawhidTawhid

AlamAlam

adalahadalah

tandatanda

kebesarankebesaran

AllahAllah

KhilafahKhilafah

ManusiaManusia

penguruspengurus

alamalam

semestasemesta

IbadahIbadah

HambaHamba

sentiasasentiasa

pekapeka

daridari

melakukanmelakukan

kesalahankesalahan

didi

manamana

sahajasahaja

HalalHalal

& & HaramHaram

FizikalFizikal, mental , mental dandan

rohanirohani

AdilAdil

& & ZalimZalim

MeletakkanMeletakkan

sesuatusesuatu

pd pd tempatnyatempatnya

IstislahIstislah

KepentinganKepentingan

awamawam

Page 41: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

PerbandinganPerbandingan corakcorak sainssains baratbarat & & IslamIslam

PerkaraPerkara SainsSains

IslamIslam SainsSains

BaratBarat

AsasAsas AllahAllah Akal Akal

KewujudanKewujudan bernyawabernyawa

RohRoh JirimJirim

((bahanbahan))

AsalAsal

manusiamanusia TanahTanah BinatangBinatang

((MawasMawas))

PanduanPanduan

hiduphidup AgamaAgama ManusiaManusia

sendirisendiri

AgamaAgama Cara Cara hiduphidup UpacaraUpacara

tertentutertentu

Page 42: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

3. ISLAM DAN SAINS 3. ISLAM DAN SAINS BAWAAN PARA NABIBAWAAN PARA NABI

Prof Dr. Prof Dr. HairudinHairudin

HarunHarun

menegaskanmenegaskan bahawabahawa

salahsalah

satusatu

sumbersumber

terpentingterpenting

sainssains

Islam, Islam, khususnyakhususnya

dalamdalam

bidangbidang alal--kimiakimia, , ialahialah

karyakarya--karyakarya

yang yang

dipercayaidipercayai

berasalberasal

daripadadaripada HaramesahHaramesah

(Hermes) yang (Hermes) yang dikenalidikenali

dalamdalam

sejarahsejarah

sainssains

Barat Barat sebagaisebagai Corpus Corpus HermeticumHermeticum..

Page 43: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

DalamDalam

sejarahsejarah

sainssains Islam Islam HaramesahHaramesah

merujukmerujuk

kepadakepada

tigatiga tokohtokoh

dandan

merekamereka

dikenalidikenali

sebagaisebagai

alal-- MuthalllathMuthalllath bilbil-- hikmahhikmah. .

DalamDalam

bahasabahasa

Latin Latin iaia kemudiannyakemudiannya

diterjemahkanditerjemahkan sebagaisebagai

Hermes Hermes

TrimegistosTrimegistos..Hermes Trismegistus, floor mosaic in the Cathedral of Siena

Page 44: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Antoine Faivre, in The Eternal Hermes (1995) has pointed out that Hermes Trismegistus

has a place in the Islamic

tradition, though the

name Hermes does not appear in the Qur'an. Hagiographers

and chroniclers of the first centuries of the Islamic Hegira

quickly

identified Hermes Trismegistus

with Idris, the nabi of surahs

19.57; 21.85, whom the Arabs

also identify with Enoch

(cf. Genesis 5.18-

24). Indris/Hermes is called "Thrice Wise"—Hermes Trismegistus— because he was threefold: the first of the name, comparable to Thoth,

was a "civilizing hero," an initiator into the mysteries of the divine science and wisdom that animate the world; he carved the principles of this sacred science in hieroglyphs. The second Hermes, in Babylon, was the initiator of Pythagoras. The third Hermes was the first teacher of Alchemy. "A faceless prophet," writes the Islamicist

Pierre Lory, "Hermes possesses no concrete or salient characteristics, differing in this regard from most of the major

figures

of the Bible and the Quran." (Faivre

1995 pp.19-20)

Hermes Trismegistus

in Islamic tradition

Page 45: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

3200 BC –

400 AD A section of the Papyrus of Ani

showing

cursive hieroglyphs.

Hieroglyphs on an Egyptian funerary stela

Hieroglyphs typical of the Graeco-Roman period

Page 46: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

The Egyptians credited him as the author of all The Egyptians credited him as the author of all works of science, works of science, religionreligion, , philosophyphilosophy, and , and magic.magic.

The Greeks further declared him the inventor The Greeks further declared him the inventor of of astronomyastronomy, , astrologyastrology, , the science of the science of numbersnumbers, , mathematicsmathematics, , geometrygeometry, , land land surveyingsurveying, , medicinemedicine, , botanybotany, , theologytheology, , civilizedcivilized

governmentgovernment, the , the alphabetalphabet, , readingreading, writing, and , writing, and oratoryoratory. .

They further claimed he was the true author of They further claimed he was the true author of every work of every branch of knowledge, every work of every branch of knowledge, human and divine.human and divine.

Page 47: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

KetigaKetiga--tigatiga

HaramesahHaramesah

tersebuttersebut mengikutmengikut

historiografihistoriografi

sainssains

Islam Islam

berasalberasal

daridari

rantaianrantaian

keluargakeluarga

parapara NabiNabi

Allah Allah daridari

zamanzaman

Adam a.s Adam a.s

hinggahingga

NabiNabi

Muhammad s.a.w.Muhammad s.a.w.Ada

sejarahwan

menyebut

Hermes al-Haramesah

adalah

Nabi

Idris. Nama

tersebut

adalah

panggilan beliau

di

Mesir. Dalam

bahasa

Yunani

[Greek] disebut

Armeis

[bermakna

Bintang

Atarid] dan

sebutannya dalam

bahasa

Arab menjadi

Hermes. Dalam

bahasa

Ibrani

Khunukh

dan

diarabkan

menjadi

Akhnukh. Dalam

Quran disebut

sebagai

Idris.

Page 48: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Guru Nabi Idris ialah Ghutha Demon iaitu salah seorang Nabi Allah daripada orang Yunani [Greek] dan Mesir. Erti Ghutha Demon ialah ‘Orang Ketuhanan’.Kata Sahrastani Ghutha Demon itu ialah Nabi Sheth bin Adam.

Dibangkitkan pada 380 dari tarikh hidup Adam. Idris adalah orang yang pertama mencipta tulis menulis dengan qalam.

Idris merupakan orang pertama mengatur cabang-cabang ilmu pengetahuan dan ilmu astronomi dengan perantaraan wahyu.Beliau mengenal Ilmu Falak dan rahsia- rahsianya, susunannya dan kaedah- kaedah perhimpunan bintang-bintang.

ADAM

SHETH

ENOS

QINAN

MAHLAEL

JARED

IDRIS

Page 49: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

In the Qur'an, Enoch is called In the Qur'an, Enoch is called IdrisIdris. In the bible . In the bible he is sometimes called he is sometimes called AkhnookhAkhnookh. . He was a He was a man of truth and a prophet. We raised him to a man of truth and a prophet. We raised him to a high station. high station. SurahSurah

19: 5619: 56--57 57

Prophet Enoch and his followers left Babylon Prophet Enoch and his followers left Babylon for Egypt. There he carried on his mission, for Egypt. There he carried on his mission, calling people to what is just and fair, teaching calling people to what is just and fair, teaching them certain prayers and instructing them to them certain prayers and instructing them to fast on certain days and to give a portion of fast on certain days and to give a portion of their wealth to the poor. their wealth to the poor.

Enoch was a prophet who allegedly lived from 3284- 3017

B. C.

Page 50: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

The The BibleBible

has several occurrences of that has several occurrences of that name:name:

EnochEnoch, the son of Jared and father of , the son of Jared and father of Methuselah, a descendant of Adam Methuselah, a descendant of Adam through Seth and ancestor of Noah. He is through Seth and ancestor of Noah. He is believed to be taken away by God and believed to be taken away by God and became known as the angel became known as the angel MetatronMetatron. . He is also a He is also a prophetprophet

in in IslamIslam

known as known as

IdrisIdris

(Arabic: (Arabic: إدريسإدريس ). He is the protagonist ). He is the protagonist of the several of the several apocryphal booksapocryphal books of the of the Old Testament:Old Testament:

Page 51: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Enoch was the first to invent books and Enoch was the first to invent books and writing, much like writing, much like ThothThoth

the scribe. the scribe.

Enoch taught the sons of men the art of Enoch taught the sons of men the art of building cities, and enacted some building cities, and enacted some admirable laws. admirable laws.

He discovered the knowledge of the He discovered the knowledge of the Zodiac, and the course of the Planets; Zodiac, and the course of the Planets; and he pointed out to the sons of men, and he pointed out to the sons of men, that they should worship God, that they that they should worship God, that they should fast, that they should pray, that should fast, that they should pray, that they should give alms, votive offerings, they should give alms, votive offerings, and tenths. and tenths.

Page 52: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

BeliauBeliau

telahtelah

memulakanmemulakan

pembahagianpembahagian

bilanganbilangan-- bilanganbilangan

haribulanharibulan

dandan

tahuntahun; ; mengaturmengatur

musimmusim--musimmusim

menurutmenurut

kesesuaiankesesuaian

daerahdaerah

dalamdalam

mentadbirmentadbir

negerinegeri MesirMesir..

BeliauBeliau

telahtelah

membahagikanmembahagikan

negerinegeri

MesirMesir

kepadakepada

empatempat bahagianbahagian

dandan

masingmasing--masingmasing

ditabdirditabdir

oleholeh

seorangseorang

pemerintahpemerintah

[raja]: [raja]: IlyyusIlyyus, Zeus, , Zeus, IsqalabiusIsqalabius

dandan

Zeus Zeus AmonAmon..

PadaPada

zamannyazamannya

MesirMesir

dapatdapat

membangunkanmembangunkan

sebanyaksebanyak 188 188 buahbuah

bandarbandar..

IdrisIdris

mentadbirmentadbir

bumibumi

MesirMesir

berdasarkanberdasarkan

syariatsyariat

Allah Allah taalataala..

DilahirkanDilahirkan

didi

BabilBabil

[Mesopotamia] [Mesopotamia] dandan

merantaumerantau

keke MesirMesir

dandan

diberidiberi

namanama

BabilionBabilion

[[sempenasempena

sungaisungai

Nil Nil

yang yang besarbesar

dandan

tanahnyatanahnya

yang yang subursubur

lagilagi

luasluas]. ]. KalimahKalimah

iniini

bermaknabermakna

Sungai Sungai besarbesar

atauatau

tanahtanah

yang yang

luasluas

dalamdalam

bahasabahasa

SiryaniSiryani..

NamaNama

MesirMesir

diberidiberi

kemudiankemudian

sempenasempena

dengandengan

MesirMesir

bin Ham bin Ham iaituiaitu

orangorang

yang yang mulamula--mulamula

masukmasuk

keke

sanasana setelahsetelah

banjirbanjir

besarbesar

zamanzaman

NabiNabi

NuhNuh

a.s.a.s.

Page 53: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

IsqalabiusIsqalabius memerintahmemerintah

Greek [Greek [YunaniYunani] ] selepasselepas

berlakunyaberlakunya TaufanTaufan

NuhNuh

PadaPada

peringkatperingkat awalawal

perkembanganperkembangan ilmuilmu

didi

YunaniYunani

berkaitberkait

dengandengan pengajaranpengajaran

parapara

NabiNabi utusanutusan

Allah.Allah.

A painting by the American Edward Hicks

(1780–1849), showing the

animals boarding Noah's Ark two by two.

Page 54: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Lokasi

Noah Ark yang dikesan

di

Mount Ararat di

Tukri

Page 55: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Said Said AndalusiAndalusi

dalamdalam TabaqatTabaqat

alal--UmamUmam

menyebutmenyebut: : ““EmpedocleEmpedocle [[490490--430 B.C.] 430 B.C.] failasuffailasuf

YunaniYunani

sebelumsebelum Socrates Socrates hiduphidup

padapada

zamanzaman

NabiNabi

Allah Allah DaudDaud [David] [David] dandan

mempelajarimempelajari

sainssains daripadadaripada

daripadadaripada

LuqmanLuqman

alal--Hakim Hakim didi SyriaSyria””. .

Born 490 BCOccupation Philosopher

Empedocles

David, who was born approximately 1030 B.C.E.

Page 56: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Anaximander

(Ancient Greek: Ἀναξίμανδρος) (ca. 610 BC

– ca. 546 BC)

was a pre-Socratic

philosopher who lived in Miletus, a city of Ionia.

Anaximander was an early proponent of science

and tried to observe and explain

different aspects of the universe, with a particular interest for its origins. Like many thinkers of his time, his contributions to philosophy

relate to

many disciplines. In astronomy, he tried to describe the mechanics of celestial bodies in relation with the Earth.

Page 57: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

““PhytagorasPhytagoras

hiduphidup selepasselepas

Empedocles Empedocles

mempelajarimempelajari

falsafahfalsafah

tabiitabii daripadadaripada

muridmurid--muridmurid

NabiNabi

Allah Allah SulaimanSulaiman””..

Legends say Solomon Legends say Solomon was born in was born in JerusalemJerusalem

about 1000 BC and about 1000 BC and reigned over Israel reigned over Israel from about 970 to 928 from about 970 to 928 BC. BC.

Pythagoras of Samos (Greek: Πυθαγόρας; circa

580 BC –

circa 500 BC)

Page 58: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

HaramesahHaramesah

yang yang pertamapertama

dikaitkandikaitkan

dengandengan

NabiNabi

IdrisIdris

a.s a.s yang yang dianggapdianggap

sebagaisebagai

peloporpelopor

dalamdalam

bidangbidang sainssains..

MenerimaMenerima

WahyuWahyu

daridari Allah yang Allah yang antaranyaantaranya

mengandungimengandungi

ajaranajaran-- ajaranajaran

yang yang berkaitanberkaitan

dengandengan

ilmuilmu

sainssains

untukuntuk maslahahmaslahah

umatnyaumatnya. .

OlehOleh

keranakerana

ituitu, , ilmuilmu sainssains

dalamdalam

tradisitradisi

Islam Islam

merupakanmerupakan

ilmuilmu

yang yang tanzilkantanzilkan ((ilmuilmu

WahyuWahyu) )

daridari

Allah Allah kepadakepada manusiamanusia..

Page 59: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

HaramesahHaramesah

yang yang keduakedua

dikenalidikenali

jugajuga dengandengan

namanama

alal--BabiliBabili

dandan

hiduphidup

didi

Mesopotamia Mesopotamia selepasselepas

banjirbanjir

besarbesar zamanzaman

NabiNabi

Allah Allah NuhNuh..

BeliauBeliau

dikatakandikatakan

sebagaisebagai

orangorang

yang yang bertanggungjawabbertanggungjawab

menghidupkanmenghidupkan

semulasemula

sainssains

selepasselepas

kemusnahankemusnahan akibatakibat

banjirbanjir

tersebuttersebut..

Page 60: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

HaramesahHaramesah

yang yang ketigaketiga

hiduphidup

didi

MesirMesir

dandan bertanggungjawabbertanggungjawab

mengajarmengajar

pelbagaipelbagai

ilmuilmu

sainssains..

Thales, Thales, tokohtokoh

falsafahfalsafah

tabiitabii

YunaniYunani

pertamapertama

dipercayaidipercayai

belajarbelajar

didi

MesirMesir

didi bawahbawah

bimbinganbimbingan

HaramesahHaramesah

yang yang ketigaketiga

iniini..

OlehOleh

keranakerana

ituitu, , sainssains

bawaanbawaan

ketigaketiga--tigatiga

HaramesahHaramesah

tersebuttersebut

dianggapdianggap

sebagaisebagai mempunyaimempunyai

risalahrisalah

Islam, Islam, atauatau

sekurangsekurang--

kurangnyakurangnya

serasiserasi

dengandengan

ajaranajaran

TauhidTauhid yang yang dibawadibawa

parapara

NabiNabi

Allah.Allah.

Page 61: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

AndaianAndaian

tigatiga

HaramesahHaramesah

tersebuttersebut

bolehboleh disatukandisatukan

bahawabahawa

beliaubeliau

adalahadalah

NabiNabi

IdrisIdris. .

AlasanAlasan: : BeliauBeliau

dilahirkandilahirkan

didi

BabilBabil

[Mesopotamia] [Mesopotamia] dandan

belajarbelajar

dengandengan datuknyadatuknya

NabiNabi

ShethSheth

bin Adam.bin Adam.

KemudianKemudian

berpindahberpindah

daripadadaripada Mesopotamia Mesopotamia keke

MesirMesir

dandan

mengembangkanmengembangkan

sainssains

didi

sanasana..

Page 62: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

PemikiranPemikiran

Barat Barat saatsaat

iniini

beradaberada

didi

antaraantara

konflikkonflik

antaraantara agama agama dandan

sainssains. . HampirHampir

dapatdapat

dikatakandikatakan

mustahilmustahil

bagibagi

seorangseorang

pemikirpemikir

Barat Barat saatsaat

iniini

untukuntuk

menerimamenerima faktafakta

bahwabahwa

adaada

daerahdaerah

pertemuanpertemuan

antaraantara

agama agama dandan

sainssains. .

Bible yang Bible yang dipercayadipercaya

oleholeh

orangorang--orangorang

Kristen Kristen

menyatakanmenyatakan

bahwabahwa

pohonpohon

terlarangterlarang

yang yang dimakandimakan oleholeh

NabiNabi

Adam as Adam as adalahadalah

pohonpohon

pengetahuanpengetahuan. .

SehinggaSehingga

setelahsetelah

diadia

memakannyamemakannya, , diadia

memperolehmemperoleh pengetahuanpengetahuan

yang yang pastipasti

yang yang tidaktidak

pernahpernah

dimilikidimiliki

sebelumnyasebelumnya. . DenganDengan

alasanalasan

iniini, Negara , Negara EropahEropah menghabiskanmenghabiskan

waktuwaktu

duadua

abadabad

memperdebatkanmemperdebatkan

apakahapakah

merekamereka

akanakan

menerimamenerima

pengetahuanpengetahuan

ilmiahilmiah ((sainssains) yang ) yang datangdatang

daridari

parapara

ilmuwanilmuwan

Muslim Muslim ataukahataukah

tidaktidak..

SAINS BARATSAINS BARAT

Page 63: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Then Yahweh God gave Then Yahweh God gave an order to Man saying: an order to Man saying: ““You may eat of every You may eat of every tree in the garden. But tree in the garden. But of the tree of the of the tree of the KnowledgeKnowledge

of Good of Good

and Eviland Evil, you will not , you will not eat, for on the day you eat, for on the day you will of it, you will diewill of it, you will die””. . [Genesis 2: 16[Genesis 2: 16--17].17].

Page 64: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Vulgate:Vulgate:

Now the serpent was more Now the serpent was more subtle than any beast of the field which subtle than any beast of the field which the Lord God had made. And he said the Lord God had made. And he said unto the woman, Yea, hath God said, unto the woman, Yea, hath God said, You shall not eat of every tree of the You shall not eat of every tree of the garden? (Gen 3: 1).garden? (Gen 3: 1).

Vulgate:Vulgate:

And the woman said unto the And the woman said unto the

serpent, We may eat of the fruit of the serpent, We may eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden (Gen 3: 2)trees of the garden (Gen 3: 2)

Page 65: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Vulgate:Vulgate:

But of the But of the fruit of the tree fruit of the tree which is the midst of which is the midst of the garden, God the garden, God hath said, You shall hath said, You shall not eat of it, neither not eat of it, neither shall you touch it, shall you touch it, lest you die. 4. And lest you die. 4. And the serpent said the serpent said unto the woman, unto the woman, You shall not "you You shall not "you shall not surely die: shall not surely die: Gen 3: 3Gen 3: 3

Old Latin:Old Latin:

And the And the serpent said to the serpent said to the woman, "You will not woman, "You will not die the death. Gen 3die the death. Gen 3: : 4)4)

Vulgate:Vulgate:

For God For God

knows that in the day knows that in the day you eat thereof, then you eat thereof, then your eyes shall be your eyes shall be opened; and you shall opened; and you shall be as gods, knowing be as gods, knowing good and evil." good and evil."

Page 66: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Vulgate:Vulgate:

And when And when the woman saw that the woman saw that the tree was good for the tree was good for food, and that it was food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes, pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to be and a tree to be desired to make one desired to make one wise, she took of the wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also to eat, and gave also to her husband with her husband with her; and he did eat. her; and he did eat. (gen. 3:6)(gen. 3:6)

Vulgate:Vulgate:

And the eyes of And the eyes of them both were opened, them both were opened, and they knew that they and they knew that they were naked; and they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves sewed fig leaves together, and made together, and made themselves apronsthemselves aprons. . (Gen. 3:7)(Gen. 3:7)

Vulgate:Vulgate:

And they heard And they heard the voice of the Lord God the voice of the Lord God walking in the Garden in walking in the Garden in the cool of the day: and the cool of the day: and Adam and his wife hid Adam and his wife hid themselves from the themselves from the presence of the Lord presence of the Lord God among the trees of God among the trees of the garden. (Gen. 3:8)the garden. (Gen. 3:8)

Page 67: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Between 1481 and 1801 the Between 1481 and 1801 the Inquisition punished 340 Inquisition punished 340 thousand person, nearly 32 thousand person, nearly 32 thousand of who were burnt alive thousand of who were burnt alive including the great including the great sicentistsicentist

Bruno. ( A. Bruno. ( A. NadwiNadwi, , Islam and The Islam and The WorldWorld, 1967, p. 126, 1967, p. 126--127).127).

William K. Hartman William K. Hartman menulismenulis tentangtentang

Bruno: Bruno: SekembalinyaSekembalinya

keke

Italy 1592 Italy 1592 ““he was arrested by he was arrested by the Inquisition, a Church court the Inquisition, a Church court established to detect and punish established to detect and punish heresy. In 1600 after eight years heresy. In 1600 after eight years of investigation of his of investigation of his philosophical and political views, philosophical and political views, he was burned at the stakehe was burned at the stake””

(Hartman, Astronomy the Cosmic (Hartman, Astronomy the Cosmic Journey, 1987, p. 114).Journey, 1987, p. 114).

Tanggapan

ilmu pengetahuan

membawa

mala petaka

kepada

kehidupan

maka masyarakat

Barat

yang dikuasai

Gereja tidak

mahu

menerima

sains pada

awalnya.

Hasilnya

terjadi pertentangan

sengit

antara

sains

dan agama.

Page 68: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

5. PEMISAHAN SAINS 5. PEMISAHAN SAINS DARI AGAMADARI AGAMA

SainsSains

yang yang diasingkandiasingkan

daridari

agama agama samasama sepertiseperti

kapalkapal

yang yang

ketiadaanketiadaan

sauhsauh untukuntuk

berlabuhberlabuh..

TidakTidak

tempattempat berpijakberpijak

untukuntuk

berkeadaanberkeadaan

tetaptetap..

PastinyaPastinya

akanakan

hanyuthanyut

dibawadibawa

arusarus ganasganas

sehinggasehingga

membahayakannyamembahayakannya..

Page 69: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

AkibatAkibat

daripadadaripada ituitu

sainssains

lebihlebih

banyakbanyak menciptakanmenciptakan

kerosakankerosakan

dandan kemusnahankemusnahan

daripadadaripada membawamembawa

islahislah

kepadakepada

manusiamanusia sejagatsejagat..

Page 70: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi
Page 71: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi
Page 72: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi
Page 73: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

This picture dates back to December of 1952, during a previous fire on the Cuyahoga River.

Page 74: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

A segment of the photograph above, which ran in The Plain Dealer the day following the June 1969 fire.

A warning to people near the Cuyahoga River.

Page 75: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

SAINS DAN AGAMASAINS DAN AGAMA

SainsSains

dandan

TeknologiTeknologi yang yang adaada

agama agama akanakan

dapatdapat

membantumembantu

keke araharah

mengembangkanmengembangkan

ilmuilmu

amaliamali

Islam yang Islam yang bolehboleh

memberimemberi

manfaatmanfaat

kepadakepada

masyarakatmasyarakat, , negaranegara

dandan

manusiamanusia

sejagatsejagat. .

Ship raising anchor

Sauh

kehidupan

manusia

adalah akidah

kepercayaan

kepada

Allah.

Tiada

akidah

manusia

akan hanyut. Justeru

melabuhkan

sauh

akidah

adalah

kewajipan

kepada setiap

pendidik

sains.

Page 76: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

SainsSains

dandan

teknologiteknologi

mengalamimengalami perubahanperubahan

dengandengan

zamanzaman

yang yang sentiasasentiasa

berubahberubah..

BagaimanapunBagaimanapun

prinsipprinsip--prinsipprinsip

umumumum

ilmuilmu

dandan

teknologiteknologi

mestilahmestilah

dipeliharadipelihara

dalamdalam falsafahnyafalsafahnya

unggulunggul

selarasselaras

dengandengan

hasrathasrat

manusiamanusia

yang yang dikurniakandikurniakan

akalakal demidemi

memeliharamemelihara

alamalam

tabiitabii..

TanpaTanpa

falsafahfalsafah

yang yang ‘‘sejahterasejahtera’’

sainssains dandan

teknologiteknologi

bakalbakal

membawamembawa

mala mala

petakapetaka

kepadakepada

kehidupankehidupan..

Page 77: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

William Whewell In later life

William Whewell

(May 24, 1794

March 6, 1866)

was an English polymath, scientist, Anglican

priest,

philosopher, theologian, and historian of science. His surname is pronounced "H-you-el." (IPA: ['hjuɛl])

The Relation Between Scientific Practice, History of Science, and Philosophy of Science

Page 78: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

7. FS ISLAM SEBAGAI 7. FS ISLAM SEBAGAI ALTERNATIFALTERNATIF

Barat yang Barat yang kehilangankehilangan

puncapunca

spiritual spiritual dalamdalam

sainssains

kinikini

mencarimencari

paradigmaparadigma

barubaru

untukuntuk

sainssains..

KajianKajian

menghalamenghala

kepadakepada

‘‘agamaagama’’

sebagaisebagai

sasaransasaran

pemulihanpemulihan..

Islam Islam diberidiberi

perhatianperhatian

istimewaistimewa

keranakerana

pernahpernah

menyumbangkanmenyumbangkan

sesuatusesuatu

kepadakepada kegiatankegiatan

sainssains

sejagatsejagat..

Page 79: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

MenjelangMenjelang

tahuntahun

1940an, 1940an, semuasemua

kesankesan

dandan jejakjejak

TuhanTuhan

dalamdalam

ilmuilmu

biologibiologi

dandan

ilmuilmu--ilmuilmu

sainssains

lain lain telahtelah

dihapuskandihapuskan

langsunglangsung

dalamdalam pendidikanpendidikan

sainssains..

PembuktianPembuktian

sainssains

terkiniterkini

dandan

ketiadaanketiadaan

sisisisi kerohaniankerohanian

dalamdalam

tamaduntamadun

Barat Barat

menyebabkanmenyebabkan

masyarakatnyamasyarakatnya

telahtelah

menyedarimenyedari kesilapankesilapan

merekamereka

dandan

mengalihmengalih

perhatianperhatian

kepadakepada

mencarimencari

TuhanTuhan. .

8. PARADIGMA BARU8. PARADIGMA BARU

Page 80: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

KiniKini

sainssains

mulamula

memasukimemasuki

paradigmaparadigma barubaru

TeoriTeori

evolusievolusi

anjurananjuran

Charles Darwin Charles Darwin yang yang begitubegitu

disanjungidisanjungi

didi

Barat, Barat, sekarangsekarang

dipertikaikandipertikaikan

didi

AmerikaAmerika

Syarikat (AS). Syarikat (AS).

CabaranCabaran

terhadapterhadap

teoriteori

evolusievolusi

iniini

menjadimenjadi

lebihlebih

hangathangat

dandan

kontroversialkontroversial apabilaapabila

isuisu

pengenalanpengenalan

pendidikanpendidikan

Intellectual Design (Intellectual Design (penciptaanpenciptaan intelektualintelektual) ) didi

sekolahsekolah--sekolahsekolah

didi

beberapabeberapa

negerinegeri

sepertiseperti

didi

Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, AS AS beberapabeberapa

tahuntahun

lalulalu

menjadimenjadi

sesuatusesuatu

yang yang dibincangkandibincangkan

secarasecara

terbukaterbuka..

Page 81: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

IsuIsu iniini membuakmembuak--buakbuak apabilaapabila pihakpihak sekolahsekolah didi Dover, Pennsylvania Dover, Pennsylvania memperkenalkanmemperkenalkan pendidikanpendidikan Intellectual Design (ID) Intellectual Design (ID) untukuntuk diserapkandiserapkan keke dalamdalam matamata pelajaranpelajaran BiologiBiologi. . MerekaMereka yang yang menentangnyamenentangnya telahtelah membawamembawa keskes iniini keke mahkamahmahkamah..

WalaupunWalaupun keputusankeputusan mahkamahmahkamah menyebelahimenyebelahi pihakpihak yang yang menentangmenentang, , hakikatnyahakikatnya hampirhampir 20 20 negerinegeri didi AS AS kinikini sedangsedang memprosesmemproses kaedahkaedah miripmirip pendidikanpendidikan ID ID keke dalamdalam sistemsistem pendidikanpendidikan sekolahsekolah masingmasing--masingmasing..

Page 82: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

MalahMalah selainselain Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, negerinegeri--negerinegeri sepertiseperti Kansas Kansas dandan Georgia Georgia telahtelah mengorakmengorak langkahlangkah untukuntuk memperkenalkannyamemperkenalkannya dalamdalam sistemsistem pendidikanpendidikan merekamereka..

MengikutMengikut teoriteori iniini semuasemua bendabenda dandan hidupanhidupan yang yang beradaberada didi cakerawalacakerawala tidaktidak datangdatang secarasecara kebetulankebetulan atauatau secarasecara tidaktidak sengajasengaja tetapitetapi sebagaisebagai akibatakibat daripadadaripada penciptaanpenciptaan atauatau rekaanrekaan intelektualintelektual. .

Page 83: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

IniIni

bermaknabermakna

adaada

suatusuatu

kuasakuasa

`MahaMaha

PenciptaPencipta IntelektualIntelektual' yang ' yang mengaturmengatur

dandan

menjagamenjaga

alamalam

cakerawalacakerawala

iniini

dandan

`DiaDia' ' jugalahjugalah

yang yang menciptamencipta semuasemua

bendabenda

dandan

hidupanhidupan..

SehubunganSehubungan

ituitu

dalamdalam

menjelaskanmenjelaskan

konsepkonsep

iniini Michael Michael BeheBehe, , pencetuspencetus

idea idea kepadakepada

ID ID

berkataberkata

teoriteori

iniini

bukanlahbukanlah

bersandarkanbersandarkan kepadakepada

idea idea keagamaankeagamaan

walaupunwalaupun

merekamereka

yang yang beragamaberagama

menentangmenentang

pendidikanpendidikan

sainssains melaluimelalui

teoriteori

evolusievolusi..

ApaApa

yang yang menarikmenarik

untukuntuk

difikirdifikir

dandan direnungkandirenungkan

daripadadaripada

perdebatanperdebatan

antaraantara

ID ID

dandan

teoriteori

evolusievolusi

ialahialah

terdapatnyaterdapatnya

suatusuatu kesedarankesedaran

didi

kalangankalangan

parapara

saintissaintis

didi

Barat Barat

bahawabahawa

wujudnyawujudnya

`MahaMaha

PenciptaPencipta' ' didi

bumibumi

iniini. .

Page 84: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

BegituBegitu

jugajuga

dengandengan

pengarangpengarang

Neal Donald Neal Donald WalschWalsch dengandengan

bukunyabukunya

Tomorrow's GodTomorrow's God yang yang meramalkanmeramalkan

suatusuatu

perkaraperkara

besarbesar

yang yang akanakan

berlakuberlaku

didi

planet planet BumiBumi iniini. .

BaginyaBaginya

kemanusiaankemanusiaan

akanakan

mewujudkanmewujudkan

bentukbentuk kerohaniankerohanian

barubaru. . IaIa

akanakan

membenarkanmembenarkan

manusiamanusia

membukamembuka

hatihati

dandan

jiwajiwa

untukuntuk

menujumenuju

keke

araharah ketuhananketuhanan..

ApaApa

yang yang berlakuberlaku

iniini

menunjukkanmenunjukkan

keresahankeresahan

didi kalangankalangan

saintissaintis, , ahliahli

psikologipsikologi

dandan

cendekiawancendekiawan

Barat Barat

mengenaimengenai

masamasa

depandepan

tamaduntamadun

Barat yang Barat yang sedangsedang membawamembawa

manusiamanusia

menujumenuju

kehancurankehancuran..

Di Di sebaliksebalik

kecanggihankecanggihan

teknologinyateknologinya, , tamaduntamadun

Barat Barat sudahsudah

bankrapbankrap

idea idea keranakerana

tidaktidak

adaada

apaapa--apaapa

lagilagi

yang yang hendakhendak

ditawarkanditawarkan

berhubungberhubung

kerohaniankerohanian

dandan nilainilai

muliamulia

atauatau

moral moral untukuntuk

pembaikanpembaikan

manusiamanusia. .

Page 85: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

PadaPada era 80era 80--an. an. mulamula menampakkanmenampakkan perubahanperubahan..

.

.

Page 86: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

“Saya

menemui Tuhan”-

Collins,

Saintis

yang memecah

genom

manusia

Collins adalah

seorang

ateis (golongan

yang tidak

mempercaya

kewujudan

Tuhan) sehingga

dia

berumur

27 tahun,

dan

sebagai

doktor

muda

dia kagum

dengan

keteguhan

yang

iman

lahirkan

dalam

sesetengah pesakitnya

yang dikategorikan

sebagai

pesakit

paling kritikal.

The Sunday Times -

Britain

Francis Collins, Pengarah

US National Human Genome Research Institute

Page 87: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

KaryaKarya--karyakarya berkenaanberkenaan TuhanTuhan dandan SainsSains mulamula diberidiberi

perhatianperhatian

Tuhan selaku punca segala kewujudan telah mula diberi perhatian oleh para

saintis moden.

Page 88: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi
Page 89: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

BeberapaBeberapa penulisanpenulisan saintissaintis modenmoden sepertiseperti Why God Won't Go Away: Brain Why God Won't Go Away: Brain Science and the Biology of BeliefScience and the Biology of Belief

[2002] [2002] karyakarya tigatiga orangorang penulispenulis iaituiaitu

Andrew Newberg, Eugene Andrew Newberg, Eugene D'AquiliD'Aquili dandan Vince Vince RauseRause; ; God and the New God and the New PhysicsPhysics

[1984] [1984] dandan The Mind of God: The Scientific Basis for a Rational The Mind of God: The Scientific Basis for a Rational

WorldWorld

[1993] [1993] oleholeh Paul Davies, Paul Davies, The God Part Of The BrainThe God Part Of The Brain

[2001] [2001] oleholeh Matthew Matthew AlpherAlpher dandan Where God Lives in the Human BrainWhere God Lives in the Human Brain

[2001] [2001] oleholeh Carol Carol

Rausch Albright, James B Rausch Albright, James B AshbrookAshbrook dandan Anne Harrington Anne Harrington adalahadalah antaraantara buktibukti perhatiantentangperhatiantentang TuhanTuhan yang yang diberikandiberikan oleholeh sebahagiansebahagian saintissaintis modenmoden..

Page 90: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

9. KE MANA LANGKAH 9. KE MANA LANGKAH KITA?KITA?

Muslim Muslim adaada

asasasas

sainssains ––

bawaanbawaan

parapara

NabiNabi..

NabiNabi--nabinabi

mengajarmengajar manusiamanusia

aspekaspek

mengenalmengenal

Allah Allah (spiritual) (spiritual) dandan

sekaligussekaligus

mengajarmengajar ilmuilmu

kehidupankehidupan

didi

duniadunia

((sainssains).).

Page 91: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

Model Model sainssains

Barat Barat tersingkirtersingkir

daridari

perkembanganperkembangan

sainssains terkiniterkini..

AlternatifAlternatif: : AsasAsas

sainssains mestilahmestilah

bersauhkanbersauhkan

AkidahAkidah, , dipantaudipantau dengandengan

SyariahSyariah

dandan

dimurnikandimurnikan

dengandengan AkhlakAkhlak..

KonsepKonsep

dandan

falsafahfalsafah iniini

hanyahanya

adaada

padapada

SainsSains

Islam.Islam.

Page 92: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

KombinasiKombinasi

tigatiga

ASA (ASA (akidahakidah, , syariahsyariah, , akhlakakhlak) ) iniini

mampumampu

mencernakanmencernakan

sainssains

yang yang dicitadicita--citakancitakan

oleholeh

seluruhseluruh

manusiamanusia..

Page 93: ii.Falsafah Sains & Teknologi

PROJEK MEMBUAT BAHAN PENCUCI DALAM AMALAN SAINS ISLAM

1. ADA AKIDAH TAUHID ATAU KEYAKINAN:

1.

Niat

(ibadah)2.

Tujuan

kegunaan

(khidmat

sosial), muamalah

sesama

manusia/taawun3.

Ikhlas, bukan

mencari

glamour atau

tujuan

material mengatasi

yang lain.

2. ADA SYARIAT:

1. Bahan

Asas

yang digunakan

mestilah

halal2. Bahan

campuran

mestilah

halal.

3. AKHLAK:

1. Penggunaan: membawa

manfaat

atau mudarat?

2. Mudarat

jangka

panjang

jika

ada

tidak dibenarkan.