ii.falsafah sains & teknologi

Prof Madya

Dr. Hj. Suaidi

Dato

Hj. Safei

MenurutMenurut

Prof. Dr Prof. Dr OsmanOsman

BakarBakar

ilmuilmu

sebagaisebagai

asasasas TamadunTamadun. .

TanpaTanpa

ilmuilmu

pengetahuanpengetahuan, , manusiamanusia

tidaktidak

dapatdapat membangunkanmembangunkan

tamaduntamadun, , ilmuilmu

ialahialah

rukunrukun

utamautama

pembangunanpembangunan

tamaduntamadun

insaninsan

yang yang sihatsihat. .

JatuhJatuh

bangunbangun

sesuatusesuatu

tamaduntamadun

banyakbanyak

berpuncaberpunca

daripadadaripada faktorfaktor

ilmuilmu

yang yang terdapatterdapat

dalamdalam

tamaduntamadun

tersebuttersebut..

SebagaimanaSebagaimana

yang yang diperjelaskandiperjelaskan

oleholeh

kebanyakankebanyakan

sarjanasarjana bahawabahawa

sainssains

ituitu

sebenarnyasebenarnya

berakarberakar

umbiumbi

daripadadaripada

ilmuilmu

falsafahfalsafah, , begitubegitu

dengandengan

dengandengan

S.HS.H

Nasr di mana Nasr di mana dalamdalam memperbincangkanmemperbincangkan

berkaitanberkaitan

dengandengan

sainssains

dalamdalam

peradabanperadaban

Islam Islam beliaubeliau

jugajuga

telahtelah

mengemukakanmengemukakan

pandanganpandangan

beliaubeliau mengenaimengenai

aktvitiaktviti

ilmuilmu

falsafahfalsafah

di di kalangankalangan

umatumat

Islam abad 3 Islam abad 3

HijrahHijrah

/ 9 / 9 MesehiMesehi. . BerdasarkanBerdasarkan

kepadakepada

aktivitiaktiviti penterjemahanpenterjemahan

ilmuilmu

falsafahfalsafah

YunaniYunani

dikatakandikatakan

ilmuilmu

falsafahfalsafah

Islam Islam kemudiannyakemudiannya

menjadimenjadi

hebathebat

dan dan mendapatmendapat

perhatianperhatian masyarakatmasyarakat

SainsSains

menjadimenjadi

satusatu

topiktopik

perbincanganperbincangan

ygyg

pentingpenting, , berkuasaberkuasa & & bernilaibernilai

KejayaannyaKejayaannya

ygyg

besarbesar, , telahtelah

membawamembawa

sainssains

terlibatterlibat

didi

dalamdalam bidangbidang

politikpolitik, , sptspt

keputusankeputusan

ygyg

utamautama

dlmdlm

apaapa

juajua

dasardasar

negaranegara

IaIa

seolahseolah--olaholah

menjadimenjadi

bahanbahan

ygyg

dipersoalkandipersoalkan

oleholeh

org org ramairamai

& & dasardasar

ygyg

berkaitanberkaitan

dgndgn

sainssains

sekarangsekarang

iniini

mulamula dibincangkandibincangkan

secarasecara

terbukaterbuka

terutamanyaterutamanya

bagaimanabagaimana

utkutk

membezakanmembezakan

sifatsifat

semulajadisemulajadi

sainssains

ygyg

perluperlu

difahamidifahami

supayasupaya iaia

berbezaberbeza

daridari

aktivitiaktiviti--aktivitiaktiviti

lain.lain.

SardarSardar

berpendapatberpendapat

sainssains

baratbarat

adalahadalah

sesuatusesuatu

ygyg

bersifatbersifat rasionalrasional

berbandingberbanding

dgndgn

pandanganpandangan

sainssains

menurutmenurut

Islam. Islam.

SainsSains

Islam Islam menyatukanmenyatukan

antaraantara

sainssains

& & sesuatusesuatu

ygyg

bersifatbersifat objektifobjektif, , kemudiannyakemudiannya

diselaraskandiselaraskan

dengandengan

pandanganpandangan

Islam.Islam.

Ia merangkumi segala bidang penyelidikan, pembangunan Ia merangkumi segala bidang penyelidikan, pembangunan mahupun nilaimahupun nilai--nilai etika ketika melaksanakan amalan sains.nilai etika ketika melaksanakan amalan sains.

Sains barat dikatakan bermula dgn idea sains rasional, di Sains barat dikatakan bermula dgn idea sains rasional, di mana ianya dimaksudkan bahawa segala aktiviti sains itu mana ianya dimaksudkan bahawa segala aktiviti sains itu bersifat benar dan dengan keadaan kebenaran aktiviti itulah bersifat benar dan dengan keadaan kebenaran aktiviti itulah maka sains menurut barat terlalu unggul & mengiktiraf sains maka sains menurut barat terlalu unggul & mengiktiraf sains itu terlalu istimewa & berkedudukan tinggi.itu terlalu istimewa & berkedudukan tinggi.

ScientiaScientiaScienceScience

SainsSains

adalahadalah

sekumpulansekumpulan

ilmuilmu

ygyg

tersusuntersusun

& & sistematiksistematik

berkaitanberkaitan

kajiankajian

fenomenafenomena

alamalam

tabietabie/nature /nature ygyg

bernyawabernyawa

& & tidaktidak

bernyawabernyawa

dgndgn kaedahkaedah

ygyg

objektifobjektif

melaluimelalui

kajiankajian

eksperimeneksperimen

& &

cerapancerapan

utkutk

menghasilkanmenghasilkan

prinsipprinsip

ygyg

bolehboleh dipercayaidipercayai

sertaserta

bolehboleh

diujidiuji

kebenarannyakebenarannya" "

((Dr.SulaimanDr.Sulaiman

NordinNordin))

Tekne (Latin) bermaksud

kemahiran/ skill/ art

Logos bermaksud

wacana/ kata

sistematis

(ilmu)

"Cara yg

digunakan

manusia

dalam

mengaplikasi pengetahuan

& kemahiran

utk

mencapai

/ memenuhi

matlamat

& tujuan

tertentu Pembangunan & penggunaan

alatan, gadget, mesin, bahan

& proses

utk

menyelesaikan

masalah

manusia

FalsafahFalsafahTabieTabie/Nature/Nature

SainsSains

TeknologiTeknologi

FalsafahFalsafah TabieTabie & & SainsSains: : AktivitiAktiviti

intelektualintelektual

FalsafahFalsafah TeknologiTeknologi: : AktivitiAktiviti

praktikalpraktikal

Science: Science: DalamDalam

masyarakatmasyarakat

Barat Barat hinggahingga

kinikini

tidaktidak

adaada

takriftakrif yang yang disepakatidisepakati. .

Definitions:Definitions:

i. systematic observation of natural events and conditions in ori. systematic observation of natural events and conditions in order der to discover facts about them & to formulate laws & principles bato discover facts about them & to formulate laws & principles based sed on these facts. on these facts.

ii. organized body of knowledge that is derived from such ii. organized body of knowledge that is derived from such observations & that can be verified or tested by further observations & that can be verified or tested by further investigation. investigation.

iii. any specific branch of this general body of knowledge, suchiii. any specific branch of this general body of knowledge, such

as as biology, physics, geology, or astronomy. biology, physics, geology, or astronomy.

((Academic Press Dictionary of Science & TechnologyAcademic Press Dictionary of Science & Technology))

DalamDalam

kebingungankebingungan

inilahinilah

merekamereka menyimpulkanmenyimpulkan::

So what does all this mean?So what does all this mean?

It means that science does not presently, and It means that science does not presently, and probably never canprobably never can, give statements of , give statements of absolute eternal truth absolute eternal truth --

it only provides it only provides

theories. We know that those theories will theories. We know that those theories will probably be refined in the future, and some of probably be refined in the future, and some of them may even be discarded in favour of them may even be discarded in favour of theories that make more sense in light of data theories that make more sense in light of data generated by future scientists. generated by future scientists. However, our However, our present theories are our best available present theories are our best available explanations of the world.explanations of the world.

They explain, and They explain, and

have been tested against, a vast amount of have been tested against, a vast amount of information. information.

??

However, our present theories are our best However, our present theories are our best available explanations of the world.available explanations of the world.

The other option, is to accept traditional The other option, is to accept traditional understandings of the natural worldunderstandings of the natural world((Few Few modern people will accept traditional modern people will accept traditional lifestyles from centuries or millennia ago lifestyles from centuries or millennia ago --

travelling in carts pulled by draft animals, travelling in carts pulled by draft animals, cooking over open fires, herding sheep and cooking over open fires, herding sheep and cattle, sleeping in poorly heated huts, and cattle, sleeping in poorly heated huts, and watching their children die of smallpox or watching their children die of smallpox or polio. The advantages of a modern lifestyle polio. The advantages of a modern lifestyle are too great for most of us to pass up). are too great for most of us to pass up).

SainsSains

((ilmuilmu

teoritikalteor