2/7/2012

1

Geographical Names Database for Disaster Management of Mount Semeru, East Java, Indonesia

Widodo Edi Santoso1 , Sukendra Martha1

Aji Putra Perdana2

1Peneliti-BAKOSURTANAL 2Staf Pusat Pemetaan Dasar Rupabumi-

BAKOSURTANAL

BAKOSURTANALJln. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46,

Cibinong 16911. INDONESIA1

Outline…Geographical Names Database for Disaster Management of Mt. Semeru

1

2

3

Background…Why Geo-Names and Disaster?

AimsThe purposes of building Geo-Names database

Study AreaWhere is the location?

4

5

6

MethodologyHow is the process?

Result and DiscussionGeo-Names, Gazetteer…

ConclusionWe may conclude that…

2

2/7/2012

2

ü In recent period, disaster in Indonesia such as floods, earthquakes, volcaniceruptions, tsunamis, landslides and cyclones have a significant impact.

ü The uniqueness of natural and artificial geographical names as human way inidentifying environment and makes it important as a reference in communication fordisaster or regional management (Santoso, 2006a; Santoso, 2006b; Perdana et.al,2011a).

ü Presidential Regulation Number 112 Year 2006 regarding National Team forTopographic Name Standardization mentioned that one of the goals of this NationalTeam is realizing the national gazetteer so that there is a common understanding ofthe topographical names in Indonesia.

ü Geographical names or topographic name is part of basic geospatial information(fundamental dataset) according to Act Number 4 of Geospatial Information; theyhave important roles for mapping, good governance, planning, research, etc.

BackgroundGeographical Names is fundamental element of communication and direct access and intuitive to another relevant information’s. Toponym is one of fundamental dataset that is needed in disaster management.

3

A natural disaster highlighted in this study is Mount Semeru volcano disaster.

The aims of this research are building geographical names database in study areaand providing important locations or geospatial information in GIS format based onspatial analysis for pre-disaster and post-disaster.

AimsThis paper describes the use of geographic names database for natural disaster management application.

4

2/7/2012

3

v Mt. Semeru located between MalangDistrict and Lumajang District in EastJava Province, Indonesia.It’s Volcanic Strato and has the samecharacteristic like Mt. Merapi inCentral Java, Indonesia.

v Geographically, Lumajang locatedbetween longitude 112o5’-113o22’ Eand latitude 7o52’-8o23’ S. While,Malang located between longitude 12°17’ 11” - 112° 57’ 00” E and latitude 7°44’ 55” – 8° 26’ 34” S.

Study AreaDisaster and Geo-Names ?

Mount Semeru was selected as research area

5

Study AreaThe selected sub-districts for study area are Tirtoyudo, Ampelgading sub-districts of Malang District and also Pronojiwo and Candipuro sub-districts of Lumajang District, East Java Province.

6

2/7/2012

4

MethodologyPreparation

Digital Topographic Base Map or Rupabumi Indonesia

Editing and RepositionGeographical Names

Adding Elevation Value forGeographical Names Text

Coordinate Transformation

Conversion into GIS format

Spatial Analysis and Data Join

Book of Gazetteer or Gazetteer Web

Integration into Geographical Names Database

Spatial Database.dbf or geodatabase

GIS formatShapefile

(*.shp)

KRB Map,

Fieldwork, etc

q Literature study (previous study,government laws, etc),

q Data collection (primer and secondarydata), and

q Spatial data analysis thenq Building geographical names database.q Field work (to understand the study area

and access to location, geographicalnames verification and observation ofstrategic locations.)

q Topographic base map scale 1:25.000(sheet numbers: 1607-423, 1607-424,1607-441, 1607-442, 1607-443, 1607-444,1607-513, 1607-531, 1607-533)

q Disaster Prone Area Map of MountSemeru from BNPB as supporting data forspatial analysis.

7

Result and DiscussionGeographical Names Database of Lumajang District

8

2/7/2012

5

Result and DiscussionGeographical Names Database of Lumajang District

9

Result and Discussion

Geo-visualization of geographical names is also an important part to see distribution of geographical names spatially.

10

2/7/2012

6

Result and Discussion

Result and DiscussionDisaster Prone Area and Geographical Names of Administrative Area

12

2/7/2012

7

Result and DiscussionEvacuation distribution in Mt. Semeru

13

Result and DiscussionDistribution of Toponym in Disaster Prone Area and Buffer 5km+8Km from Mt. Semeru

14

2/7/2012

8

Result and Discussion

Table 1. Buffer Distance Analysis of Village Geographical Names

VILLAGE SUB-DISTRICT DISTRICT PROVINCE BUFFER DISTANCE AREA (Km2)Sumbermujur Candipuro Lumajang Jawa Timur 0-5000 meter 47890.87Orooroombo Pronojiwo Lumajang Jawa Timur 0-5000 meter 4689799.40Pronojiwo Pronojiwo Lumajang Jawa Timur 0-5000 meter 5689013.92Argoyuwono Ampelgading Malang Jawa Timur 0-5000 meter 1423644.79Tamansari Ampelgading Malang Jawa Timur 0-5000 meter 16740602.97Ngadas Poncokusumo Malang Jawa Timur 0-5000 meter 15029588.44Orooroombo Pronojiwo Lumajang Jawa Timur 5000-8000 meter 3553247.48Supiturang Pronojiwo Lumajang Jawa Timur 5000-8000 meter 6613433.60Pasrujambe Senduro Lumajang Jawa Timur 5000-8000 meter 39624312.86Argoyuwono Ampelgading Malang Jawa Timur 5000-8000 meter 7204241.52Tamansari Ampelgading Malang Jawa Timur 5000-8000 meter 14674171.92

15

Population number inPronojiwo is the smallest, butlocated in the most dangerousarea of Mt. Semeru eruption.Based on map analysis andlocation of evacuation inPronojiwo, we can see thatthis area is the most preparedfacing the possibility of Mt.Semeru eruption.

Result and Discussion

District, Sub-District Villages Kampung/Dusun

Population

Tirtoyudo,Malang 13 33 64,330

Ampelgading, Malang 13 39 59,261

Pronojiwo, Lumajang 6 24 36,621

Candipuro, Lumajang 10 57 69,527

TOTALS 42 153 229,379

Geoparsing is process of defining identity orgeographical identifier (such as code or geographiccoordinate in latitude longitude) of non-structuredobject, for example “five kilometers northeast of Mt.Semeru”.

Geoparsing of Villages and Location of Evacuation

Table 2. Number of Villages and Population in Disaster Prone Area

16

2/7/2012

9

Result and Discussion

v The results above are not as simple as we can see.

v Verification or validation of topographical names or geographical names before it canbe processed into spatial database, gazetteer or GIS format.

v Geographical names should be consistence and accurate in order to help effectivecommunication in disaster management or regional planning, nationally orinternationally.

v As an example: Names of mountains, such as Gunung Semeru (written by two separatewords, as "gunung" is a generic element of the form of topographical and "Semeru" thename itself, or specific elements).

17

Result and Discussion

v In other side, there is city use word ‘gunung’ in its name and wrote it in Indonesia(correctly): Gunungsitoli City (written as one word ”Gunungsitoli” because of its genericelement is not the mountain but the "City").

v In this study, administrative names for village level such as Sumbermujur, Orooroombo,Pronojiwo, Sidomulyo, Sumberurip, Supiturang, Argoyuwono, Tamansari, Pasrujambe,Ngadas, all names have been validated included their location in geographiccoordinate (latitude and longitude).

v Geographical names that have been verify and compiled in database can be use fordisaster management such as identification location, spatial analysis, evacuation of thevictims, distribution of resources, recovery, community, etc.

18

2/7/2012

10

ConclusionØ Geographical names as part of basic geospatial information (fundamental dataset)

according to Act Number 4 about Geospatial Information have an important role indisaster management.

Ø Verification and/or validation of geographical names (natural and cultural phenomena,such as the names of mountains, islands, village, sub district, district, provincial,buildings, roads, etc) should be done before geographical names database isdistributed for disaster management or many other purposes.

Ø Spatial analysis can be use for enhancing information that could be tied withgeographical names.

Ø Geographical names database with the final output in gazetteer format that can beaccessed through web is challenging and can be part of an effort to realizing thenational gazetteer so that there is a common understanding of the topographicalnames in Indonesia.

Ø The key of gazetteer is accurate and consistence geospatial information as fundamentalelement of communication for planning and management.

19

Acknowledgments

This paper derived from research ‘Development of Geographical Names Database

Application for Natural Disaster Management’. We would like to express our sincere

thanks to The Head and colleagues of Center for Topographic Base Mapping-

BAKOSURTANAL for supporting this research by providing basic geospatial information.

Thanks also to National Team for the Standardization of Topographical Names.

Thank’s to…

20

2/7/2012

11

Terima Kasih… Thank You…Geographical Names is the key word of understanding Location or Place on Earth with Geographical Approach…