household income and basic amenities survey report · 2019-07-23 · the household income and basic...

LAPORAN PENYIASATAN PENDAPATAN ISI RUMAH DAN KEMUDAHAN ASAS

HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND BASIC AMENITIES SURVEY REPORT

2012

2012

Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report

Kata Pengantar

Laporan Penyiasatan Pendapatan Isi Rumah dan Kemudahan Asas (PPIR/KA) tahun 2012

membentangkan hasil penemuan daripada penyiasatan terkini yang dijalankan oleh Jabatan

Perangkaan Malaysia dua kali setiap lima tahun. Maklumat pendapatan ini dikumpul berdasarkan

garis panduan “A Provisional Framework for Household Income, Consumption, Saving and

Wealth” (1995) yang diterbitkan oleh Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), garis panduan “Final

Report and Recommendations of the Expert Group on the Household Income Statistics” (The

Canberra Group 2001) dan Report II - Household Income and Expenditure Statistics

(International Labour Organization, 2003).

Objektif utama laporan ini adalah untuk menerbitkan perangkaan berkaitan taburan pendapatan isi

rumah, insiden kemiskinan dan kemiskinan tegar juga maklumat kemudahan asas yang meliputi

pendidikan, kesihatan, perumahan dan peralatan isi rumah. Penemuan daripada penyiasatan ini

digunakan oleh kerajaan bagi tujuan perancangan dan pemantauan, terutamanya dalam penyediaan

Rancangan Malaysia Lima Tahun.

Penerbitan ini juga memuatkan nota teknikal yang mengandungi objektif, liputan dan skop, konsep

dan definisi serta reka bentuk persampelan bagi membolehkan pengguna memahami penyiasatan

ini secara terperinci. Data dalam laporan ini telah disusun mengikut negeri, etnik, jantina, strata,

kelas pendapatan, pekerjaan, industri, umur, saiz isi rumah dan ralat piawai.

Saya ingin merakamkan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan dan terima kasih kepada semua isi rumah

terpilih dan anggota Jabatan yang telah memberikan sokongan dan kerjasama dalam menjayakan

penyiasatan ini. Saya juga berharap laporan ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pelbagai agensi kerajaan,

sektor swasta, individu dan badan-badan antarabangsa. Cadangan dan ulasan untuk menambah baik

laporan ini pada masa hadapan amat dialu-alukan.

DR. HAJI ABDUL RAHMAN BIN HASAN

Ketua Perangkawan Malaysia

Jun 2013

i

2012


Preface

The Household Income and Basic Amenities Survey (HIS/BA) 2012 report presents findings from the

latest survey conducted by the Department of Statistics twice in every five years. The information on

income is collected based on the guidelines from “A Provisional Framework for Household Income,

Consumption, Saving and Wealth” (1995) published by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), the

guidelines from the “Final Report and Recommendations of the Expert Group on the Household

Income Statistics” (The Canberra Group 2001) and Report II - Household Income and

Expenditure Statistics (International Labour Organization, 2003).

The main objective of this report is to publish statistics relating to household income distribution,

incidence of poverty and hardcore poverty as well as basic amenities which cover education, health,

housing and household appliances. The findings from this survey are used by the government for

planning and monitoring purposes, particularly in the preparation of the Malaysia Five Year Plan.

This publication also provides technical notes which contains the objectives, coverage and scope,

concepts and definitions as well as the sampling design to enable users to have an in-depth

understanding of this survey. The data in this report was compiled in order of state, ethnicity, gender,

strata, income class, occupation, industry, age, household size and standard error.

I would like to express my deep appreciation and gratitude to all selected households and staff of the

department for their support and co-operation in making this survey a success. I do hope that this

report would be beneficial to various government agencies, private sectors, individuals and

international organizations. Suggestions and comments towards improving future reports are most

welcomed.

DR. HAJI ABDUL RAHMAN BIN HASAN Chief Statistician, Malaysia

June 2013

ii

2012

Kandungan Contents


i v 1 11 37 39 67 95 Kata Pengantar Preface

Senarai Jadual List of Tables

Muka Surat

Pages

Ringkasan Penemuan Summary Findings

Jadual Pendapatan Isi Rumah Tables of Household Income

Jadual Insiden Kemiskinan Tables of Incidence of Poverty

Jadual Kemudahan Asas (Am) Tables of Basic Amenities (General)

Jadual Kemudahan Asas (Isi Rumah Miskin) Tables of Basic Amenities (Poor Household)

Jadual Ralat Piawai Tables of Standard Error

Nota Teknikal Technical Notes

i

iii

v

1

11

39

41

69

97

99

SENARAI JADUAL LIST OF TABLES

2012



9

1

Pendapatan Isi Rumah Household Income

1.1 Pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata, penengah dan kadar pertumbuhan tahunan purata mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012

Mean, median and average annual growth rate of monthly household income by state, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012

1.2 Pendapatan isi rumah per kapita bulanan purata, penengah dan kadar

pertumbuhan tahunan purata mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012 Mean, median and average annual growth rate of monthly per capita household

income by state, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012 1.3 Pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata dan penengah bagi kumpulan isi

rumah tertinggi 20%, pertengahan 40% dan terendah 40% mengikut kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012

Mean and median monthly household income of top 20%, middle 40% and bottom 40% of households by ethnic group and strata, Malaysia, 2012

1.4 Pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata mengikut jantina, kumpulan etnik

ketua isi rumah dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Mean monthly household income by sex, ethnic group of head of household and strata,

Malaysia, 2012 1.5 Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas

pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household

income class, ethnic group and strata, Malaysia, 2012 1.6 Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas

pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household

income class, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 1.7 Agihan pendapatan bagi kumpulan isi rumah terendah 10% hingga 90%,

purata, penengah dan pekali Gini mengikut kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012

Income share of household income group of bottom 10% to 90%, mean, median and Gini coefficient by ethnic group and strata, Malaysia, 2012

1.8 Agihan pendapatan bagi kumpulan isi rumah terendah 10% hingga 90%,

purata dan penengah mengikut pekerjaan ketua isi rumah, Malaysia, 2012 Income share of household income group of bottom 10% to 90%, mean and median by

occupation of head of household, Malaysia, 2012 1.9 Agihan pendapatan bagi kumpulan isi rumah terendah 10% hingga 90%,

purata dan penengah mengikut industri ketua isi rumah, Malaysia, 2012 Income share of household income group of bottom 10% to 90%, mean and median by

industry of head of household, Malaysia, 2012

v

11

12

13

14

15

18

29

32

34

2012



Insiden Kemiskinan Incidence of Poverty

2.1 Insiden kemiskinan mengikut kumpulan etnik ketua isi rumah dan strata, Malaysia, 2012

Incidence of poverty by ethnic group of head of household and strata, Malaysia, 2012

2.2 Insiden kemiskinan mengikut negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Incidence of poverty by state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 2.3 Insiden kemiskinan mengikut jantina dan kumpulan etnik ketua isi rumah,

Malaysia, 2012 Incidence of poverty by sex and ethnic group of head of household, Malaysia, 2012 2.4 Insiden kemiskinan mengikut kumpulan umur ketua isi rumah, Malaysia,

2012 Incidence of poverty by age group of head of household, Malaysia, 2012 2.5 Insiden kemiskinan mengikut saiz isi rumah, Malaysia, 2012 Incidence of poverty by household size, Malaysia, 2012

Kemudahan Asas (Am) Basic Amenities (General)

3.1 Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jenis pemilikan rumah, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012

Percentage distribution of households by type of ownership of housing unit, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

3.2 Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut keadaan rumah yang diduduki, negeri

dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of households by condition of occupied housing unit, state and

strata, Malaysia, 2012 3.3 Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jenis bahan binaan dinding luar rumah,

negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of households by type of outer wall building materials, state

and strata, Malaysia, 2012 3.4 Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jenis bekalan air, negeri dan strata,

Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of households by type of water supply, state and strata,

Malaysia, 2012

vi

39

39

40

40

40

41

42

43

44

2

3

2012



3.5 Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut kemudahan bekalan elektrik, negeri dan

strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of households by accessibility to electricity supply, state and

strata, Malaysia, 2012 3.6 Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jenis kemudahan tandas yang digunakan,

negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of households by type of toilet used, state and strata, Malaysia,

2012 3.7 Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke

pusat kesihatan awam dan swasta, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of households by distance from living quarters to the nearest

public and private health centres, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 3.8 Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke

sekolah rendah dan sekolah menengah kerajaan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012

Percentage distribution of households by distance from living quarters to the nearest government primary and secondary school, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

3.9 Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut bilangan bilik tidur, negeri dan strata,

Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of households by number of bedrooms, state and strata,

Malaysia, 2012 3.10 Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut kemudahan kutipan sampah, negeri dan

strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of households by garbage collection facility, state and strata,

Malaysia, 2012 3.11 Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan

strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

Kemudahan Asas (Isi Rumah Miskin) Basic Amenities (Poor Household)

4.1 Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jenis pemilikan rumah, negeri dan

strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of poor households by type of ownership of housing unit, state

and strata, Malaysia, 2012 4.2 Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut keadaan unit perumahan yang

diduduki, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of poor households by condition of occupied housing unit, state

and strata, Malaysia, 2012

vii

45

46

47

50

53

55

56

69

70

4

2012



4.3 Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jenis bahan binaan dinding luar

rumah, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of poor households by type of outer wall building materials,

state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 4.4 Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jenis bekalan air, negeri dan

strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of poor households by type of water supply, state and strata,

Malaysia, 2012 4.5 Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut kemudahan bekalan elektrik,

negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of poor households by accessibility to electricity supply, state

and strata, Malaysia, 2012 4.6 Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jenis kemudahan tandas yang

digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of poor households by type of toilet used, state and strata,

Malaysia, 2012 4.7 Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat

kediaman ke pusat kesihatan awam dan swasta, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012

Percentage distribution of poor households by distance from living quarters to the nearest public and private health centres, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

4.8 Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat

kediaman ke sekolah rendah dan sekolah menengah kerajaan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012

Percentage distribution of poor households by distance from living quarters to the nearest government primary and secondary school, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

4.9 Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut bilangan bilik tidur, negeri dan

strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of poor households by number of bedrooms, state and strata,

Malaysia, 2012 4.10 Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut kemudahan kutipan sampah,

negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of poor households by garbage collection facility, state and

strata, Malaysia, 2012 4.11 Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut peralatan yang digunakan,

negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Percentage distribution of poor households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia,

2012

viii

71

72

73

74

75

78

81

83

84

2012



Ralat Piawai Standard Error

5.1 Ralat piawai bagi anggaran pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata mengikut

kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 Standard error of estimates for mean monthly household income by ethnic group and

strata, Malaysia, 2012

ix

97

5

RINGKASAN PENEMUAN SUMMARY FINDINGS

2012 Ringkasan Penemuan

Summary Findings


0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

2009 2012

4,025 5,000 4,705

5,742

2,545 3,080

Malaysia Bandar Luar Bandar

Tahun Year

1. PENDAPATAN ISI RUMAH BULANAN

PURATA MENGIKUT STRATA, MALAYSIA,

2009 DAN 2012

1. MEAN MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY

STRATA, MALAYSIA, 2009 AND 2012

Pada keseluruhannya, penemuan Penyiasatan

Pendapatan Isi Rumah (PPIR) 2012 mendapati

pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata rakyat

Malaysia telah meningkat daripada RM4,025

pada tahun 2009 kepada RM5,000 pada tahun

2012. Ia merupakan peningkatan sebanyak 7.2

peratus setahun (nominal).

As a whole, the findings of the Household Income

Survey (HIS) 2012 revealed that the mean

monthly household income for Malaysians

increased from RM4,025 in year 2009 to

RM5,000 in year 2012. It was an increase of 7.2

per cent per annum (nominal).

PPIR 2012 juga menunjukkan peningkatan

pendapatan isi rumah bandar iaitu pada kadar

6.6 peratus setahun daripada RM4,705 pada

tahun 2009 kepada RM5,742 pada tahun 2012.

Pada masa yang sama, pendapatan isi rumah

luar bandar pula bertambah pada kadar 6.4

peratus setahun daripada RM2,545 kepada

RM3,080.

The HIS 2012 also showed an increase in the

urban household income at the rate of 6.6 per

cent per annum from RM4,705 in year 2009 to

RM5,742 in year 2012. Concurrently, the rural

household income increased at the rate of 6.4

per cent per annum from RM2,545 to RM3,080.

Pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata mengikut strata, Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012 Mean monthly household income by strata, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012

Ringgit Malaysia Malaysian Ringgit

(RM)

Kadar Pertumbuhan

Tahunan Purata Average Annual

Growth Rate Tahun

Year 2009 2012 Peratus Per cent

Malaysia

4,025 5,000 7.2

Bandar Urban 4,705 5,742 6.6

Luar Bandar Rural 2,545 3,080 6.4

Carta 1/Chart 1

RM

Urban Rural

(%)

1


Summary Findings



PURATA DAN KADAR PERTUMBUHAN

TAHUNAN PURATA MENGIKUT NEGERI,

MALAYSIA, 2009 DAN 2012

2. MEAN MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND

AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE BY STATE,

MALAYSIA, 2009 AND 2012

Semua negeri mencatat peningkatan dalam

pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata. W.P.

Kuala Lumpur terus mencatat kadar

pertumbuhan tertinggi iaitu sebanyak 14.9

peratus, manakala kadar pertumbuhan

pendapatan bagi negeri W.P. Labuan, Perlis,

Terengganu, Negeri Sembilan, Sabah, Kedah,

Perak dan Kelantan pula adalah melebihi kadar

pertumbuhan purata di peringkat nasional

iaitu 7.2 peratus.

All states recorded an increase in mean monthly

average household income. W.P. Kuala Lumpur

continued to register the highest growth rate,

that is, 14.9 per cent, while the income growth

rate for W.P. Labuan, Perlis, Terengganu, Negeri

Sembilan, Sabah, Kedah, Perak and Kelantan

was above the national average growth rate of

7.2 per cent.

Pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata dan kadar pertumbuhan tahunan purata mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012 Mean monthly household income and average annual growth rate by state, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012

Negeri State

2009 2012 Kadar Pertumbuhan Tahunan Purata Average Annual Growth Rate (%)

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 5,488 8,586 14.9 W.P. Labuan 4,407 6,317 12.0 Perlis 2,617 3,538 10.1 Terengganu 3,017 3,967 9.1 Negeri Sembilan 3,540 4,576 8.6 Sabah 3,102 4,013 8.6 Kedah 2,667 3,425 8.3 Perak 2,809 3,548 7.8 Kelantan 2,536 3,168 7.4 Johor 3,835 4,658 6.5 W.P. Putrajaya 6,747 8,101 6.1 Sarawak 3,581 4,293 6.0 Selangor 5,962 7,023 5.5 Pulau Pinang 4,407 5,055 4.6 Pahang 3,279 3,745 4.4 Melaka 4,184 4,759 4.3 Malaysia 4,025 5,000 7.2

Jadual 1/Table 1

2


Summary Findings


0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

2009 2012

3,624 4,457

5,011

6,366

3,999

5,233

Bumiputera Cina India

Tahun Year


PURATA MENGIKUT KUMPULAN ETNIK,


3. MEAN MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY

ETHNIC GROUP, MALAYSIA, 2009 AND 2012

Pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata dalam

kalangan Bumiputera meningkat sebanyak 6.9

peratus setahun kepada RM4,457. Di kalangan

Cina dan India, pendapatan isi rumah telah

meningkat masing-masing pada kadar 8.0

peratus dan 9.0 peratus setahun kepada

RM6,366 dan RM5,233. Ini menunjukkan

semua rakyat tanpa mengira kaum telah

menikmati tahap pendapatan yang meningkat.

The mean monthly household income among

Bumiputera increased by 6.9 per cent per

annum to RM4,457. Among the Chinese and

Indian, the household income increased at the

rate of 8.0 per cent and 9.0 per cent per annum

respectively to RM6,366 and RM5,233. This

showed that all citizens across all community

has benefitted from the increasing income.

Pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012 Mean monthly household income by ethnic group, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012

Ringgit Malaysia Malaysian Ringgit

(RM)

Kadar Pertumbuhan

Tahunan Purata Average Annual

Growth Rate Tahun

Year 2009 2012 Peratus Per cent

Bumiputera

3,624

4,457 6.9

Cina Chinese 5,011 6,366 8.0

India Indians 3,999 5,233 9.0

Carta 2/Chart 2

Chinese

RM

Indians

(%)

3


Summary Findings



PURATA BAGI KUMPULAN PENDAPATAN

TERTINGGI 20%, PERTENGAHAN 40%

DAN TERENDAH 40% MENGIKUT

KUMPULAN ETNIK, MALAYSIA, 2009 DAN

2012

4. MEAN MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD INCOME FOR

INCOME GROUP TOP 20%, MIDDLE 40% AND

BOTTOM 40% BY ETHNIC GROUP, MALAYSIA,

2009 AND 2012

Tahap pendapatan bagi tiga kumpulan

pendapatan iaitu kumpulan terendah 40%,

pertengahan 40% dan tertinggi 20%

bertambah baik. Pendapatan purata bagi

kumpulan terendah 40% meningkat daripada

RM1,440 (2009) kepada RM1,847 (2012), iaitu

pada kadar 8.3 peratus setahun. Manakala

kumpulan pertengahan 40% dan tertinggi 20%

juga meningkat, masing-masing pada kadar 7.7

peratus dan 6.6 peratus kepada RM4,573 dan

RM12,159.

The level of income for the three income groups,

that is, bottom 40%, middle 40% and top 20%

has improved. The mean income for bottom

40% group increased from RM1,440 (2009) to

RM1,847 (2012), which is a rate of 8.3 per cent

per annum. Meanwhile, middle 40% and top

20% group also increased at the rate of 7.7 per

cent and 6.6 per cent respectively to RM4,573

and RM12,159.

Pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata bagi kumpulan pendapatan tertinggi 20%, pertengahan 40% dan terendah 40% mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012 Mean monthly household income for income group top 20% , middle 40% and bottom 40% by ethnic group, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012

Jumlah Total Bumiputera Cina

Chinese India

Indians

Kumpulan Pendapatan Income Group 2009 2012 2009 2012 2009 2012 2009 2012

Tertinggi 20% Top 20% 9,987 12,159 8,976 10,666 12,152 15,254 9,774 13,127

Pertengahan 40% Middle 40% 3,631 4,573 3,272 4,123 4,560 5,836 3,569 4,589

Terendah 40% Bottom 40% 1,440 1,847 1,300 1,686 1,897 2,455 1,547 1,937

Jadual 2/Table 2

3

4


Summary Findings


5. PEKALI GINI MENGIKUT STRATA,


5. GINI COEFFICIENT BY STRATA, MALAYSIA,

2009 AND 2012

Penemuan PPIR 2012 menunjukkan

pengagihan pendapatan dalam kalangan isi

rumah secara keseluruhan terus bertambah

baik seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh

pengurangan pekali Gini daripada 0.441 pada

tahun 2009 kepada 0.431 pada tahun 2012.

PPIR 2012 juga menunjukkan pengurangan

pekali Gini bagi bandar dan luar bandar

masing-masing daripada 0.423 dan 0.407

(2009) kepada 0.417 dan 0.382 (2012).

The findings of HIS 2012 showed that the

distribution of income among households as a

whole continued to improve as denoted by the

reducing Gini coefficient from 0.441 in year

2009 to 0.431 in year 2012. HIS 2012 also

showed a decrease in the Gini coefficient for

urban and rural areas from 0.423 and 0.407

(2009) to 0.417 and 0.382 (2012) respectively.

Pekali Gini mengikut strata, Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012 Gini coefficient by strata, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012

0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.45

Malaysia Bandar Luar Bandar

0.441

0.423

0.407

0.431

0.417

0.382

2009 2012 Pekali Gini Gini Coefficient

Carta 3/Chart 3

Urban Rural

Strata

5


Summary Findings


6. PEKALI GINI MENGIKUT KUMPULAN ETNIK,


6. GINI COEFFICIENT BY ETHNIC GROUP,


Pekali Gini bagi Bumiputera dan Cina terus

bertambah baik daripada 0.440 dan 0.425

(2009) kepada 0.421 dan 0.422 (2012). Walau

bagaimanapun, pekali Gini bagi India

menunjukkan peningkatan daripada 0.424

(2009) kepada 0.443 (2012) yang

mencerminkan ketidakseimbangan

pendapatan dalam kalangan masyarakat India.

The Gini coefficient for both Bumiputera and

Chinese continued to improve from 0.440 and

0.425 (2009) to 0.421 and 0.422 (2012).

However, the Gini coefficient for Indians

increased from 0.424 (2009) to 0.443 (2012)

which reflected income inequality among the

Indian community.

Pekali Gini mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012 Gini coefficient by ethnic group, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012

0.41

0.42

0.42

0.43

0.43

0.44

0.44

0.45

Bumiputera Cina India

0.440

0.425 0.424 0.421 0.422

0.443 2009 2012 Pekali Gini Gini Coefficient

Carta 4/Chart 4

Chinese Indians Kumpulan Etnik

Ethnic Group

6


Summary Findings


0 10 20

2.5 (1.8)

0.6 (0.3)

5.3 (2.2)

8.4 (3.4)

1.7 (1.0)

3.8 (1.7)

7. INSIDEN KEMISKINAN DAN KEMISKINAN

TEGAR MENGIKUT STRATA DAN

KUMPULAN ETNIK, MALAYSIA, 2009 DAN

2012

7. INCIDENCE OF POVERTY AND HARDCORE

POVERTY BY STRATA AND ETHNIC GROUP,


Insiden kemiskinan keseluruhan telah

berkurangan dengan ketara daripada 3.8

peratus pada tahun 2009 kepada 1.7 peratus

pada tahun 2012. Dengan pencapaian ini,

sasaran RMKe-10 untuk mengurangkan

kemiskinan keseluruhan kepada 2.0 peratus

pada tahun 2015 telah tercapai tiga tahun lebih

awal. Insiden kemiskinan di kawasan bandar

telah berkurangan daripada 1.7 peratus pada

tahun 2009 kepada 1.0 peratus pada tahun

2012 sementara bagi kawasan luar bandar

daripada 8.4 peratus kepada 3.4 peratus.

Overall, the incidence of poverty decreased

substantially from 3.8 per cent in year 2009 to

1.7 per cent in year 2012. With this

accomplishment, the 10MP target to reduce

overall poverty to 2.0 per cent in year 2015 was

achieved three years ahead of time. The

incidence of poverty in urban areas decreased

from 1.7 per cent in year 2009 to 1.0 per cent in

year 2012 while for rural areas from 8.4

per cent to 3.4 per cent.

Insiden kemiskinan dan kemiskinan tegar mengikut strata dan kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012 Incidence of poverty and hardcore poverty by strata and ethnic group, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012

0 2 4

0.3 (0.2)

0.1 (0.0)

1.1 (0.3)

1.8 (0.6)

0.2 (0.1)

0.7 (0.2)

Miskin/Poor Miskin Tegar/Hardcore Poor

Peratus Per cent

Peratus Per cent

2009 2012

7

Carta 5/Chart 5

Malaysia

Bandar Urban

India Indians

Strata

Luar bandar Rural

Kumpulan etnik Ethnic group

Cina Chinese

Bumiputera

Malaysia

Bandar Urban

India Indians

Strata

Luar bandar Rural

Kumpulan etnik Ethnic group

Cina Chinese

Bumiputera


Summary Findings


Insiden kemiskinan bagi Bumiputera telah

menunjukkan penurunan daripada 5.3 peratus

pada tahun 2009 kepada 2.2 peratus pada

tahun 2012. Insiden kemiskinan bagi Cina juga

berkurangan daripada 0.6 peratus (2009)

kepada 0.3 peratus (2012). Manakala bagi

India, berkurangan daripada 2.5 peratus

(2009) kepada 1.8 peratus (2012).

The incidence of poverty for Bumiputera

showed a decrease from 5.3 per cent in year

2009 to 2.2 per cent in year 2012. The incidence

of poverty for Chinese also dropped from 0.6 per

cent (2009) to 0.3 per cent (2012). Meanwhile

for Indians, it decreased from 2.5 per cent

(2009) to 1.8 per cent (2012).

Insiden kemiskinan tegar juga menunjukkan

pengurangan daripada 0.7 peratus pada tahun

2009 kepada 0.2 peratus pada tahun 2012.

Kemiskinan tegar bagi kawasan bandar dan

luar bandar masing-masing menunjukkan

penurunan daripada 0.2 dan 1.8 (2009) kepada

0.1 dan 0.6 (2012).

The incidence of hardcore poverty also showed

a decrease from 0.7 per cent in year 2009 to 0.2

per cent in year 2012. The hardcore poverty for

urban and rural areas showed decreases from

0.2 and 1.8 (2009) to 0.1 and 0.6 (2012)

respectively.

8. INSIDEN KEMISKINAN DAN KEMISKINAN

TEGAR MENGIKUT NEGERI, MALAYSIA,

2009 DAN 2012

8. INCIDENCE OF POVERTY AND HARDCORE

POVERTY BY STATE, MALAYSIA, 2009 AND

2012

Insiden kemiskinan bagi semua negeri

menunjukkan pengurangan yang signifikan.

Sabah mencatatkan pengurangan yang paling

ketara daripada 19.7 peratus kepada 8.1

peratus diikuti Perlis daripada 6.0 peratus

kepada 1.9 peratus dan Kedah daripada 5.3

peratus kepada 1.7 peratus dalam tempoh yang

sama. W.P. Putrajaya telah mencapai status

kemiskinan sifar pada tahun 2012.

The incidence of poverty in all states showed

a significant drop. Sabah recorded a remarkable

reduction from 19.7 per cent to 8.1 per cent

followed by Perlis from 6.0 per cent to 1.9 per

cent and Kedah from 5.3 per cent to 1.7 per cent

in the same period. W.P. Putrajaya has reached

zero poverty status in year 2012.

8


Summary Findings


0 5 10

1.7 (0.2) 0.1 (0.0) 0.4 (0.0) 0.5 (0.1)

0.6 (0.0) 0.8 (0.1)

0.9 (0.1) 1.1 (0.0) 1.3 (0.2) 1.5 (0.2)

1.7 (0.1) 1.7 (0.2) 1.9 (0.5)

2.4 (0.3)

2.7 (0.3)

8.1 (1.6)

Sabah juga menunjukkan pengurangan yang

signifikan bagi insiden kemiskinan tegar iaitu 4.8

peratus pada tahun 2009 kepada 1.6 peratus pada

tahun 2012. Manakala kemiskinan tegar bagi

negeri Johor, W.P. Kuala Lumpur dan Negeri

Sembilan tidak berubah iaitu 0.1 peratus pada

tahun 2009 dan 2012.

Sabah also showed a significant reduction in

hardcore poverty that is 4.8 per cent in year 2009 to

1.6 per cent in year 2012. Meanwhile the hardcore

poverty for Johor, W.P. Kuala Lumpur and Negeri

Sembilan remained unchanged that is 0.1 per cent

in year 2009 and 2012.

Insiden kemiskinan dan kemiskinan tegar mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012 Incidence of poverty and hardcore poverty by state, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012

0 10 20

3.8 (0.7) 0.5 (0.1) 0.7 (0.1) 0.7 (0.1) 0.7 (0.1)

1.2 (0.1) 1.3 (0.1)

2.1 (0.3) 3.5 (0.5) 4.0 (0.5) 4.3 (0.7)

4.8 (1.0) 5.3 (1.0) 5.3 (0.8)

6.0 (0.8)

19.7 (4.8)

Carta 6/Chart 6

2009 2012

Sabah

Malaysia

Sarawak

Kedah

Perlis

Pahang

Perak

Terengganu W.P. Labuan

Kelantan

Negeri Sembilan

W.P. Kuala Lumpur

Pulau Pinang

Johor

Melaka

Selangor

Peratus Per cent

Negeri/State Negeri/State

Sabah

Kelantan

Sarawak

Perlis Terengganu

Kedah

Perak Pahang

W.P. Labuan Johor

W.P. Kuala Lumpur

Pulau Pinang

Negeri Sembilan Selangor

Melaka

Peratus Per cent

9

(Miskin Tegar/Hardcore poor)

Miskin/Poor

Malaysia

JADUAL PENDAPATAN ISI RUMAH TABLES OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012Table 1.1: Mean, median and average annual growth rate of monthly household income by state, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012

NegeriState

2009 2012 2009 2012

Malaysia 4,025 5,000 7.2 2,841 3,626 8.1

Johor 3,835 4,658 6.5 2,958 3,650 7.0

Kedah 2,667 3,425 8.3 1,966 2,633 9.7

Kelantan 2,536 3,168 7.4 1,713 2,276 9.5

Melaka 4,184 4,759 4.3 3,005 3,923 8.9

Negeri Sembilan 3,540 4,576 8.6 2,711 3,575 9.2

Pahang 3,279 3,745 4.4 2,479 3,067 7.1

Pulau Pinang 4,407 5,055 4.6 3,200 4,039 7.8

Perak 2,809 3,548 7.8 2,094 2,665 8.0

Perlis 2,617 3,538 10.1 1,832 2,387 8.8

Selangor 5,962 7,023 5.5 4,306 5,353 7.3

Terengganu 3,017 3,967 9.1 2,096 3,034 12.3

Sabah 3,102 4,013 8.6 2,066 2,860 10.8

Sarawak 3,581 4,293 6.0 2,394 3,047 8.0

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 5,488 8,586 14.9 4,409 5,847 9.4

W.P. Labuan 4,407 6,317 12.0 3,498 5,063 12.3

W.P. Putrajaya 6,747 8,101 6.1 5,450 6,486 5.8

Jadual 1.1: Pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata, penengah dan kadar pertumbuhan tahunan purata mengikut negeri,

2009 – 2012 (%) 2009 – 2012 (%)

Average annual Average annual(RM) growth rate (RM) growth rate

Purata/Mean Penengah/Median

Kadar pertumbuhan Kadar pertumbuhantahunan purata tahunan purata

Laporan PPIR/KA HIS/BA Report 11

Jadual 1.2: Pendapatan isi rumah per kapita bulanan purata, penengah dan kadar pertumbuhan tahunan purata mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2009 dan 2012Table 1.2: Mean, median and average annual growth rate of monthly per capita household income by state, Malaysia, 2009 and 2012

NegeriState

2009 2012 2009 2012

Malaysia 1,168 1,451 7.2 777 982 7.8

Johor 1,100 1,368 7.3 808 993 6.9

Kedah 762 954 7.5 529 677 8.2

Kelantan 641 742 4.9 419 533 8.0

Melaka 1,169 1,382 5.6 865 1,084 7.5

Negeri Sembilan 1,020 1,339 9.1 784 1,017 8.7

Pahang 960 1,131 5.5 707 838 5.7

Pulau Pinang 1,322 1,547 5.2 933 1,187 8.0

Perak 836 1,049 7.6 621 775 7.4

Perlis 752 982 8.9 515 661 8.3

Selangor 1,714 1,986 4.9 1,172 1,469 7.5

Terengganu 783 1,023 8.9 508 685 10.0

Sabah 833 1,073 8.4 492 708 12.1

Sarawak 974 1,257 8.5 618 808 8.9

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 1,933 2,854 13.0 1,403 1,793 8.2

W.P. Labuan 1,297 1,702 9.1 874 1,196 10.5

W.P. Putrajaya 2,161 2,562 5.7 1,743 2,203 7.8

Purata/Mean Penengah/Median

Kadar pertumbuhan Kadar pertumbuhantahunan purata tahunan purata

2009 – 2012 (%) 2009 – 2012 (%)

Average annual Average annual(RM) growth rate (RM) growth rate


Jadual 1.3: Pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata dan penengah bagi kumpulan isi rumah tertinggi 20%, pertengahan 40% dan terendah 40% mengikut kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 1.3: Mean and median monthly household income of top 20%, middle 40% and bottom 40% of households by ethnic group and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(RM)

Kumpulan isi rumahHousehold group Purata Penengah Purata Penengah Purata Penengah Purata Penengah Purata Penengah

Mean Median Mean Median Mean Median Mean Median Mean Median

JUMLAHTOTAL

Tertinggi 20% 12,159 9,796 10,666 8,816 15,254 12,099 13,127 10,139 9,741 7,878 Top 20%

Pertengahan 40% 4,573 4,372 4,123 3,947 5,836 5,652 4,589 4,396 3,341 3,293 Middle 40%

Terendah 40% 1,847 1,852 1,686 1,703 2,455 2,557 1,937 1,982 1,472 1,421 Bottom 40%

BANDARURBAN

Tertinggi 20% 13,654 10,912 12,353 10,164 15,766 12,508 13,794 10,624 13,278 10,083 Top 20%


Terendah 40% 2,235 2,263 2,115 2,132 2,588 2,756 2,051 2,085 2,051 2,244 Bottom 40%

LUAR BANDARRURAL

Tertinggi 20% 6,905 5,912 6,741 5,764 8,495 7,091 7,240 6,271 4,685 4,300 Top 20%


Terendah 40% 1,319 1,343 1,302 1,331 1,615 1,617 1,328 1,319 1,117 1,206 Bottom 40%

Jumlah/Total Bumiputera Cina/Chinese India/Indians Lain-lain/Others


Jadual 1.4: Pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata mengikut jantina, kumpulan etnik ketua isi rumah dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 1.4: Mean monthly household income by sex, ethnic group of head of household and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(RM)

Kumpulan etnik

Ethnic group Jumlah Lelaki Perempuan Jumlah Lelaki Perempuan Jumlah Lelaki PerempuanTotal Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Jumlah 5,000 5,248 3,671 5,742 6,010 4,239 3,080 3,225 2,387 Total

Bumiputera 4,457 4,654 3,404 5,301 5,502 4,129 3,010 3,148 2,368

Cina/Chinese 6,366 6,700 4,508 6,622 6,985 4,646 3,806 3,951 2,795

India/Indians 5,233 5,624 3,304 5,491 5,885 3,840 3,271 3,539 2,224

Lain-lain/Others 3,843 3,786 4,097 5,323 5,230 5,674 2,432 2,487 2,149

Luar BandarRural

JumlahTotal

BandarUrban


Jadual 1.5: Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 1.5: Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household income class, ethnic group and strata, Malaysia, 2012

Kelas pendapatan

Income class

(RM) Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihanpendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan

Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Incomeshare share share share share

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

5.0 0.8 5.6 1.0 3.2 0.4 4.6 0.7 8.6 1.7

1,000 – 1,999 17.6 5.4 20.7 7.0 10.6 2.5 15.6 4.5 23.5 9.0

2,000 – 2,999 15.9 7.8 17.8 9.8 10.7 4.2 16.5 7.7 22.9 14.8

3,000 – 3,999 16.7 11.5 16.5 12.7 16.7 9.1 18.1 12.0 17.5 15.8

4,000 – 4,999 11.1 9.9 10.5 10.4 12.6 8.8 11.5 9.8 9.1 10.5

5,000 – 5,999 7.8 8.6 7.3 9.0 9.3 8.0 8.2 8.5 1.7 2.6

6,000 – 6,999 6.0 7.7 5.4 7.8 7.5 7.6 6.0 7.4 5.1 8.6

7,000 – 7,999 4.5 6.7 3.9 6.6 6.2 7.3 4.0 5.6 2.2 4.2

8,000 – 9,999 5.7 10.1 4.9 9.9 7.8 11.0 5.3 9.0 4.5 10.2

9.7 31.5 7.4 25.8 15.4 41.1 10.2 34.8 4.9 22.6 10,000 and above

Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus

JumlahTotal

999 dan ke bawah999 and below

10,000 dan ke atas

Taburan peratusPercentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution

JUMLAHTOTAL



Jadual 1.5: Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.5: Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household income class, ethnic group and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)

Kelas pendapatan

Income class



100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

3.1 0.4 3.3 0.5 2.9 0.3 3.8 0.5 1.1 0.1

1,000 – 1,999 12.7 3.4 14.3 4.1 9.5 2.2 14.5 4.0 13.8 4.0

2,000 – 2,999 13.8 5.9 15.4 7.1 10.0 3.8 16.0 7.1 29.2 13.6

3,000 – 3,999 16.8 10.2 17.0 11.1 16.2 8.5 18.3 11.5 12.2 8.1

4,000 – 4,999 12.4 9.6 12.2 10.3 12.8 8.7 11.8 9.6 10.8 8.9

5,000 – 5,999 9.1 8.7 9.0 9.3 9.5 7.9 8.3 8.3 1.5 1.6

6,000 – 6,999 7.1 8.0 6.8 8.3 7.8 7.6 6.3 7.5 8.9 11.0

7,000 – 7,999 5.4 7.1 5.1 7.2 6.5 7.3 4.1 5.6 4.1 5.7

8,000 – 9,999 7.0 10.8 6.5 10.9 8.3 11.2 5.7 9.1 8.3 13.6

12.6 35.9 10.4 31.2 16.5 42.5 11.2 36.8 10.1 33.4 10,000 and above


JumlahTotal


10,000 dan ke atas


BANDARURBAN



Jadual 1.5: Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.5: Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household income class, ethnic group and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)

Kelas pendapatan

Income class



100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

9.5 2.3 9.6 2.4 7.0 1.4 10.7 2.4 15.8 5.0

1,000 – 1,999 30.6 14.9 31.7 15.8 21.2 8.4 24.6 10.8 32.6 19.4

2,000 – 2,999 21.6 17.1 22.0 17.8 18.2 11.8 20.3 15.2 16.9 17.4

3,000 – 3,999 16.1 18.0 15.6 17.8 21.4 19.4 17.2 18.1 22.5 31.7

4,000 – 4,999 7.7 11.2 7.4 10.9 10.7 12.3 9.4 12.7 7.6 13.8

5,000 – 5,999 4.7 8.3 4.4 8.0 6.6 9.4 7.1 12.0 1.9 4.6

6,000 – 6,999 3.0 6.3 2.9 6.2 4.5 7.7 3.0 6.0 1.4 3.8

7,000 – 7,999 2.1 5.0 1.9 4.8 3.4 6.6 2.6 5.9 0.4 1.2

8,000 – 9,999 2.3 6.8 2.3 6.7 3.2 7.6 2.7 7.2 0.9 3.1

2.4 10.1 2.2 9.6 3.8 15.4 2.4 9.7 - -10,000 and above


JumlahTotal


10,000 dan ke atas


LUAR BANDARRURAL



Jadual 1.6: Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 1.6: Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household income class, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

Kelas pendapatan

Income class



100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

5.0 0.8 4.1 0.7 9.2 2.0 10.1 2.5 3.1 0.5

1,000 – 1,999 17.6 5.4 15.5 5.2 24.6 10.9 32.4 15.1 12.7 4.1

2,000 – 2,999 15.9 7.8 17.2 9.1 22.0 15.6 21.5 16.5 15.2 7.9

3,000 – 3,999 16.7 11.5 19.1 14.2 16.5 16.5 13.2 14.4 20.6 15.1

4,000 – 4,999 11.1 9.9 12.0 11.5 9.2 11.9 6.7 9.5 15.2 14.3

5,000 – 5,999 7.8 8.6 9.0 10.5 6.1 9.6 4.3 7.4 10.1 11.6

6,000 – 6,999 6.0 7.7 6.5 9.0 3.7 6.9 3.4 6.9 6.2 8.5

7,000 – 7,999 4.5 6.7 4.4 7.2 2.7 5.9 2.1 4.9 5.5 8.7

8,000 – 9,999 5.7 10.1 5.2 9.9 3.0 7.8 2.8 7.9 4.7 8.8

9.7 31.5 7.0 22.7 3.0 12.9 3.5 14.9 6.7 20.5 10,000 and above


JumlahTotal


10,000 dan ke atas


JUMLAHTOTAL

Jumlah/Total Johor Kedah Kelantan Melaka


Jadual 1.6: Taburan peratus isi rumah dan agihan pendapatan mengikut kelas pendapatan isi rumah bulanan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.6: Percentage distribution of households and income share by monthly household income class, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)

Kelas pendapatan

Income class

(RM) Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihan Isi rumah Agihanpendapatan pendapatan pendapatan pendapatan

Household Income Household Income Household Income Household Incomeshare share share share

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

3.6 0.6 4.1 0.9 3.1 0.5 10.1 2.1

1,000 – 1,999 15.0 4.9 21.0 8.9 13.0 3.9 26.3 11.1

2,000 – 2,999 17.2 9.4 22.9 14.9 14.8 7.3 19.8 13.8

3,000 – 3,999 22.6 17.0 20.6 18.8 18.1 12.4 14.2 13.8

4,000 – 4,999 13.1 12.8 11.2 13.3 13.0 11.5 10.2 12.8

5,000 – 5,999 7.3 8.8 6.5 9.5 9.7 10.5 6.5 9.9

6,000 – 6,999 5.8 8.1 3.9 6.7 7.4 9.4 3.6 6.5

7,000 – 7,999 4.4 7.2 2.7 5.4 5.3 7.8 2.5 5.3

8,000 – 9,999 5.3 10.4 3.4 8.0 6.1 10.7 3.0 7.7

5.7 20.8 3.7 13.6 9.5 26.0 3.8 17.0 10,000 and above


JumlahTotal


10,000 dan ke atas

Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution

TOTALJUMLAH

Negeri Sembilan Pahang Pulau Pinang Perak



Kelas pendapatan

Income class



100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

12.9 2.8 1.4 0.2 7.9 1.4 7.3 1.4

1,000 – 1,999 28.4 11.7 6.8 1.5 24.5 9.2 26.2 9.8

2,000 – 2,999 19.6 13.5 10.0 3.5 16.4 10.0 18.0 11.0

3,000 – 3,999 11.9 11.7 16.3 8.0 18.4 15.9 13.9 12.0

4,000 – 4,999 7.8 9.9 11.8 7.5 9.6 10.9 9.1 10.1

5,000 – 5,999 4.8 7.6 9.8 7.7 6.4 8.8 6.0 8.1

6,000 – 6,999 3.2 5.8 8.6 7.9 4.0 6.5 4.6 7.4

7,000 – 7,999 2.4 5.1 6.8 7.2 3.1 5.9 4.1 7.6

8,000 – 9,999 3.9 9.6 9.7 12.3 3.9 8.7 4.6 10.1

5.1 22.3 18.8 44.2 5.8 22.7 6.2 22.5 10,000 and above

Taburan peratus Taburan peratus Taburan peratus

JumlahTotal


10,000 dan ke atas

Taburan peratusPercentage distributionPercentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution

Perlis Terengganu SabahSelangor

JUMLAHTOTAL



Kelas pendapatan

Income class



100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

4.8 0.9 1.2 0.1 1.0 0.1 - -

1,000 – 1,999 26.6 9.1 5.0 0.9 10.9 2.6 1.2 0.3

2,000 – 2,999 17.1 9.8 6.6 1.9 10.6 4.2 2.5 0.8

3,000 – 3,999 15.7 12.5 14.4 5.9 15.8 8.5 8.9 3.8

4,000 – 4,999 10.1 10.4 13.6 7.1 11.2 8.0 13.5 7.7

5,000 – 5,999 5.6 7.2 10.7 6.9 12.0 10.5 17.2 11.7

6,000 – 6,999 4.5 6.8 9.5 7.2 6.1 6.3 11.7 9.2

7,000 – 7,999 3.5 6.1 6.8 5.9 7.1 8.5 9.5 8.7

8,000 – 9,999 4.5 9.4 9.0 9.3 10.2 14.4 10.7 11.6

7.6 27.8 23.2 54.8 15.1 36.9 24.8 46.2 10,000 and above

Taburan peratus Taburan peratus

JumlahTotal


10,000 dan ke atas

Taburan peratusPercentage distribution

Taburan peratusPercentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution

Sarawak

JUMLAHTOTAL

W.P. Labuan W.P. PutrajayaW.P. Kuala Lumpur



Kelas pendapatan

Income class



100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

3.1 0.4 3.0 0.5 7.3 1.4 7.6 1.6 2.9 0.5

1,000 – 1,999 12.7 3.4 13.0 4.1 18.9 7.2 25.4 10.0 12.0 3.7

2,000 – 2,999 13.8 5.9 15.9 7.9 20.9 12.7 21.8 14.1 15.3 7.7

3,000 – 3,999 16.8 10.2 19.1 13.2 17.0 14.8 14.5 13.2 19.2 13.6

4,000 – 4,999 12.4 9.6 13.0 11.6 11.2 12.6 8.1 9.5 15.3 13.9

5,000 – 5,999 9.1 8.7 9.8 10.7 7.6 10.5 5.6 8.0 10.2 11.3

6,000 – 6,999 7.1 8.0 7.4 9.6 4.9 8.0 4.9 8.3 6.7 8.7

7,000 – 7,999 5.4 7.1 4.7 7.1 3.6 6.8 2.7 5.4 6.1 9.4

8,000 – 9,999 7.0 10.8 5.9 10.5 4.3 9.7 3.6 8.5 5.0 9.1

12.6 35.9 8.2 24.8 4.3 16.3 5.8 21.4 7.3 22.1 10,000 and above


JumlahTotal


10,000 dan ke atas


BANDARURBAN




Kelas pendapatan

Income class



100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

3.2 0.5 4.0 0.7 2.4 0.3 7.9 1.5

1,000 – 1,999 13.5 4.0 16.5 5.8 11.9 3.4 21.6 8.2

2,000 – 2,999 13.9 6.9 18.7 10.5 14.3 6.8 19.2 12.0

3,000 – 3,999 21.4 14.7 19.1 15.1 17.6 11.6 15.7 13.6

4,000 – 4,999 14.4 12.7 13.2 13.4 13.7 11.5 12.0 13.4

5,000 – 5,999 7.4 8.1 8.1 10.3 9.8 10.2 8.1 11.1

6,000 – 6,999 7.3 9.4 5.7 8.2 7.7 9.5 3.9 6.3

7,000 – 7,999 5.4 7.9 3.6 6.1 5.5 7.9 3.1 5.9

8,000 – 9,999 6.8 12.1 4.9 9.8 6.4 10.8 3.6 8.2

6.7 23.7 6.2 20.1 10.7 28.0 4.9 19.8 10,000 and above


JumlahTotal


10,000 dan ke atas

Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution

Negeri Sembilan Pahang Pulau Pinang Perak

BANDARURBAN



Kelas pendapatan

Income class



100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

7.2 1.2 1.0 0.1 6.9 1.1 4.2 0.7

1,000 – 1,999 23.5 7.1 5.5 1.2 19.8 6.4 21.4 7.0

2,000 – 2,999 16.8 8.8 9.2 3.1 13.4 7.1 16.4 8.7

3,000 – 3,999 11.9 8.7 16.3 7.7 19.9 14.8 14.5 10.7

4,000 – 4,999 9.6 9.2 11.7 7.2 11.8 11.5 10.7 10.2

5,000 – 5,999 6.0 7.0 10.1 7.6 7.2 8.6 7.2 8.4

6,000 – 6,999 4.3 5.8 8.7 7.7 4.1 5.8 5.9 8.1

7,000 – 7,999 3.8 6.0 7.1 7.3 3.8 6.2 5.5 8.7

8,000 – 9,999 7.0 12.9 10.2 12.4 4.6 9.1 5.9 11.2

9.9 33.3 20.2 45.7 8.5 29.4 8.3 26.3 10,000 and above

Taburan peratus

JumlahTotal


10,000 dan ke atas

Taburan peratusPercentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution

Taburan peratusTaburan peratusPercentage distribution

BANDARURBAN

Selangor SabahTerengganuPerlis



Kelas pendapatan

Income class



100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1.5 0.2 1.2 0.1 0.6 0.1 - -

1,000 – 1,999 15.9 4.4 5.0 0.9 9.1 2.2 1.2 0.3

2,000 – 2,999 14.2 6.3 6.6 1.9 8.5 3.3 2.5 0.8

3,000 – 3,999 17.1 10.6 14.4 5.9 15.6 8.1 8.9 3.8

4,000 – 4,999 13.3 10.8 13.6 7.1 13.0 8.9 13.5 7.7

5,000 – 5,999 7.7 7.7 10.7 6.9 12.9 10.8 17.2 11.7

6,000 – 6,999 6.5 7.7 9.5 7.2 5.9 5.9 11.7 9.2

7,000 – 7,999 5.2 7.1 6.8 5.9 8.5 9.8 9.5 8.7

8,000 – 9,999 6.5 10.6 9.0 9.3 10.0 13.4 10.7 11.6

12.1 34.6 23.2 54.8 15.9 37.5 24.8 46.2 10,000 and above

Taburan peratus Taburan peratus

JumlahTotal


10,000 dan ke atas

Taburan peratus Taburan peratusPercentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution Percentage distribution

BANDARURBAN

W.P. Labuan W.P. PutrajayaSarawak W.P. Kuala Lumpur



Kelas pendapatan

Income class



100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

9.5 2.3 7.5 1.5 12.8 3.8 11.9 3.4 3.7 0.7

1,000 – 1,999 30.6 14.9 23.0 9.9 34.8 21.2 37.6 20.4 16.7 6.7

2,000 – 2,999 21.6 17.1 21.1 14.3 23.9 23.5 21.2 19.0 14.7 8.9

3,000 – 3,999 16.1 18.0 19.1 18.3 15.4 21.2 12.1 15.6 27.3 24.6

4,000 – 4,999 7.7 11.2 9.0 11.1 5.7 10.2 5.8 9.5 14.7 16.5

5,000 – 5,999 4.7 8.3 6.4 9.4 3.3 7.2 3.4 6.8 9.4 13.2

6,000 – 6,999 3.0 6.3 3.9 6.9 1.5 4.0 2.3 5.6 4.1 6.8

7,000 – 7,999 2.1 5.0 3.5 7.3 1.2 3.5 1.6 4.3 2.4 4.6

8,000 – 9,999 2.3 6.8 3.0 7.2 0.6 2.1 2.2 7.2 3.3 7.4

2.4 10.1 3.5 14.1 0.8 3.3 1.9 8.2 3.7 10.6 10,000 and above


JumlahTotal


10,000 dan ke atas


LUAR BANDARRURAL




Kelas pendapatan

Income class



100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

4.1 0.8 4.2 1.1 6.6 1.2 14.3 3.8 16.8 4.6

1,000 – 1,999 17.5 6.7 25.7 13.5 18.9 7.2 34.7 18.6 31.6 17.1

2,000 – 2,999 22.5 14.6 27.4 21.5 17.3 10.6 20.9 18.4 21.5 19.2

3,000 – 3,999 24.5 22.1 22.2 24.4 20.4 17.8 11.4 14.2 11.9 15.2

4,000 – 4,999 11.1 12.8 9.2 13.2 9.9 11.1 7.0 11.1 6.6 10.7

5,000 – 5,999 7.0 10.1 4.7 8.5 9.0 12.3 3.4 6.7 4.0 8.2

6,000 – 6,999 3.3 5.5 2.1 4.3 5.6 9.0 3.0 7.0 2.4 5.8

7,000 – 7,999 2.9 5.7 1.9 4.5 3.9 7.4 1.4 3.8 1.5 4.0

8,000 – 9,999 2.9 6.8 1.7 5.2 4.7 10.7 2.0 6.4 1.8 5.7

4.2 14.9 0.9 3.8 3.7 12.7 1.9 10.0 1.9 9.5 10,000 and above


JumlahTotal


10,000 dan ke atas


LUAR BANDARRURAL

Negeri Sembilan Pahang Pulau Pinang Perak Perlis



Kelas pendapatan

Income class



100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

5.7 1.2 9.3 2.0 12.4 3.2 8.9 2.6 2.2 0.3

1,000 – 1,999 21.0 8.4 31.0 14.9 34.3 17.4 40.0 21.0 16.4 4.3

2,000 – 2,999 19.2 12.5 20.4 15.9 20.7 17.2 20.9 18.5 16.9 7.4

3,000 – 3,999 17.0 15.4 16.3 18.0 13.0 15.4 13.9 17.3 16.4 10.2

4,000 – 4,999 12.5 14.6 6.7 9.6 6.4 9.8 6.0 9.6 6.0 4.8

5,000 – 5,999 7.0 10.0 5.2 9.2 3.9 7.3 2.9 5.7 9.3 9.2

6,000 – 6,999 7.0 11.9 3.9 8.0 2.5 5.6 2.0 4.7 6.6 7.6

7,000 – 7,999 3.0 5.9 2.1 5.1 1.8 4.6 1.4 3.8 2.7 3.7

8,000 – 9,999 4.3 9.7 2.8 8.0 2.3 7.0 1.9 6.2 10.9 18.0

3.3 10.4 2.3 9.3 2.7 12.5 2.1 10.6 12.6 34.5 10,000 and above


JumlahTotal


10,000 dan ke atas


LUAR BANDARRURAL

Selangor Terengganu Sabah Sarawak W.P. Labuan


Jadual 1.7: Agihan pendapatan bagi kumpulan isi rumah terendah 10% hingga 90%, purata, penengah dan pekali Gini mengikut kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 1.7: Income share of household income group of bottom 10% to 90%, mean, median and Gini coefficient by ethnic group and strata, Malaysia, 2012

Kumpulan isi rumahHousehold group

Terendah 10% 1.9 2.1 1.8 1.9 2.2 Bottom

" 20% 5.1 5.4 5.1 5.1 5.5

" 30% 9.3 9.7 9.8 9.4 9.8

" 40% 14.8 15.1 15.4 14.8 15.5

" 50% 21.4 21.9 22.1 21.3 21.8

" 60% 29.4 30.0 30.2 28.9 29.7

" 70% 39.1 39.8 40.0 38.3 38.9

" 80% 51.4 52.1 52.1 49.9 50.2

" 90% 67.7 68.6 68.1 65.6 66.3

Purata (RM/Bulan) 5,000 4,457 6,366 5,233 3,843 Mean (RM/Month)

Penengah (RM/Bulan) 3,626 3,282 4,643 3,676 2,762 Median (RM/Month)

Pekali Gini 0.431 0.421 0.422 0.443 0.435 Gini coefficient

Total Chinese Indians Others

JUMLAHTOTAL

Peratus agihan pendapatan kumulatifCumulative per cent of income share

Jumlah Bumiputera Cina India Lain-lain


Jadual 1.7: Agihan pendapatan bagi kumpulan isi rumah terendah 10% hingga 90%, purata, penengah dan pekali Gini mengikut kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.7: Income share of household income group of bottom 10% to 90%, mean, median and Gini coefficient by ethnic group and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)


Terendah 10% 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.9 2.4 Bottom

" 20% 5.3 5.6 5.2 5.2 6.7

" 30% 9.9 10.2 10.0 9.5 10.7

" 40% 15.6 16.0 15.6 15.0 15.5

" 50% 22.3 22.9 22.4 21.4 22.2

" 60% 30.4 31.1 30.5 29.0 28.9

" 70% 40.3 41.1 40.3 38.3 39.1

" 80% 52.5 53.4 52.4 49.8 51.2

" 90% 68.5 69.6 68.3 65.5 68.7





BANDARURBAN




Jadual 1.7: Agihan pendapatan bagi kumpulan isi rumah terendah 10% hingga 90%, purata, penengah dan pekali Gini mengikut kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.7: Income share of household income group of bottom 10% to 90%, mean, median and Gini coefficient by ethnic group and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)


Terendah 10% 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.9 Bottom

" 20% 6.3 6.4 6.0 5.8 7.0

" 30% 11.2 11.3 10.9 10.3 13.0

" 40% 17.1 17.3 17.0 16.3 18.7

" 50% 24.2 24.3 24.6 23.7 26.0

" 60% 32.7 32.8 33.3 32.9 35.8

" 70% 42.9 43.0 43.5 43.5 48.3

" 80% 55.2 55.2 55.6 56.6 61.7

" 90% 71.2 71.2 71.3 72.8 79.5





LUAR BANDARRURAL




Jadual 1.8: Agihan pendapatan bagi kumpulan isi rumah terendah 10% hingga 90%, purata dan penengah mengikut pekerjaan ketua isi rumah, Malaysia, 2012Table 1.8: Income share of household income group of bottom 10% to 90%, mean and median by occupation of head of household, Malaysia, 2012

Kumpulan isi rumah Jumlah Pengurus Profesional Juruteknik Pekerja PekerjaHousehold group dan sokongan perkhidmatan

profesional perkeranian dan jualanbersekutu

Total Managers Professionals Technician Clerical Service andand associate support sales workersprofessionals workers

Terendah 10% 1.9 2.6 2.9 3.5 3.4 2.6 Bottom

" 20% 5.1 6.4 7.4 8.5 8.3 6.6

" 30% 9.3 11.4 13.0 14.5 14.4 11.8

" 40% 14.8 17.3 19.6 21.5 21.4 18.3

" 50% 21.4 24.3 27.3 29.4 29.4 26.0

" 60% 29.4 32.5 36.4 38.5 38.6 35.0

" 70% 39.1 42.1 46.8 49.1 49.3 45.6

" 80% 51.4 54.0 58.9 61.4 62.0 58.4

" 90% 67.7 69.2 73.8 76.4 77.3 74.3

Purata (RM/Bulan) 5,000 12,020 9,606 6,098 4,896 4,215 Mean (RM/Month)

Penengah (RM/Bulan) 3,626 8,983 8,007 5,184 4,144 3,496 Median (RM/Month)



Jadual 1.8: Agihan pendapatan bagi kumpulan isi rumah terendah 10% hingga 90%, purata dan penengah mengikut pekerjaan ketua isi rumah, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.8: Income share of household income group of bottom 10% to 90%, mean and median by occupation of head of household, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)

Kumpulan isi rumah Pekerja Pekerja kemahiran Operator loji Pekerjaan PekerjaanHousehold group mahir pertanian, dan pekerja dan mesin asas yang tidak

perhutanan dan pertukangan serta dikelaskanperikanan yang berkaitan pemasang di mana-mana

Skilled Craft and Plant and Elementary Occupationagricultural, related trades machine- occupations not elsewhereforestry and fishery workers operators classifiedworkers and assemblers

Terendah 10% 3.0 2.9 3.5 3.0 1.9 Bottom

" 20% 7.3 7.0 8.5 7.3 4.8

" 30% 12.6 12.4 14.5 12.6 8.7

" 40% 19.0 18.8 21.6 18.9 13.6

" 50% 26.4 26.6 29.9 26.3 19.8

" 60% 35.3 35.5 39.2 35.1 27.7

" 70% 45.9 46.0 49.8 45.6 37.8

" 80% 58.3 58.5 62.1 58.2 50.5

" 90% 73.7 74.0 77.2 74.3 67.7





Jadual 1.9: Agihan pendapatan bagi kumpulan isi rumah terendah 10% hingga 90%, purata dan penengah mengikut industri ketua isi rumah, Malaysia, 2012Table 1.9: Income share of household income group of bottom 10% to 90%, mean and median by industry of head of household, Malaysia, 2012

Kumpulan isi rumah Jumlah Pertanian, Perlombongan Pembuatan Bekalan Bekalan air;Household group perhutanan dan elektrik, pembentungan,

dan pengkuarian gas, wap dan pengurusanperikanan pendingin sisa dan aktiviti

udara pemulihan

Total Agriculture, Mining and Manufacturing Electricity, Water supply;forestry and quarrying gas, steam and sewerage, wastefishing air conditioning management

supply and remediationactivities

Terendah 10% 1.9 2.9 1.8 2.5 2.7 2.1 Bottom

" 20% 5.1 7.0 4.7 6.3 7.0 6.0

" 30% 9.3 12.1 8.4 11.1 12.2 10.9

" 40% 14.8 18.2 12.8 17.1 18.8 16.7

" 50% 21.4 25.4 19.2 24.1 26.4 23.8

" 60% 29.4 33.9 27.1 32.4 34.6 32.1

" 70% 39.1 44.2 36.9 42.1 45.5 42.0

" 80% 51.4 56.2 50.3 54.1 57.2 54.3

" 90% 67.7 71.4 67.9 69.9 72.5 70.9





Jadual 1.9: Agihan pendapatan bagi kumpulan isi rumah terendah 10% hingga 90%, purata dan penengah mengikut industri ketua isi rumah, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 1.9: Income share of household income group of bottom 10% to 90%, mean and median by industry of head of household, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)

Kumpulan isi rumah Pembinaan Perdagangan Pengangkutan Penginapan MaklumatHousehold group borong dan dan aktiviti dan

dan runcit, penyimpanan perkhidmatan komunikasipembaikan makanankenderaan dan minumanbermotordan motosikal

Construction Wholesale Transportation Accommodation Informationand retail trade; and storage and food andrepair of motor service activies communicationvehicles andmotorcycles

Terendah 10% 2.2 2.2 2.8 2.4 2.9 Bottom

" 20% 5.4 5.7 6.9 6.2 7.1

" 30% 9.5 10.4 12.1 11.1 12.4

" 40% 14.8 16.2 18.3 17.2 18.8

" 50% 21.2 22.9 25.4 24.4 26.5

" 60% 28.9 30.9 33.6 33.0 35.6

" 70% 38.4 40.6 43.0 43.1 45.7

" 80% 50.3 52.5 54.7 55.6 58.0

" 90% 66.5 68.1 69.6 71.4 72.8






Kumpulan isi rumah Aktiviti Aktiviti Aktiviti Aktiviti Pentadbiran PendidikanHousehold group kewangan hartanah profesional, pentadbiran awam dan

dan saintifik dan khidmat pertahanan;insurans/ dan teknikal sokongan aktivititakaful keselamatan

sosial wajib

Financial Real estate Professional, Administrative Public Educationand activities scientific and support administrationinsurance/ and technical service and defence;takaful activities activities compulsoryactivities social security

Terendah 10% 3.1 2.5 2.5 2.3 3.3 2.6 Bottom

" 20% 7.4 6.5 6.2 5.6 8.1 6.9

" 30% 12.5 11.3 11.0 9.7 13.9 12.6

" 40% 18.6 17.8 17.0 14.7 20.6 19.5

" 50% 25.6 24.6 24.4 20.9 28.3 27.6

" 60% 33.7 32.0 33.1 28.3 37.3 37.3

" 70% 43.3 40.8 43.7 37.4 47.7 48.5

" 80% 54.6 51.6 56.8 48.7 60.0 61.6

" 90% 68.8 67.2 73.8 63.7 75.4 77.2






Kumpulan isi rumah Aktiviti Kesenian, Aktiviti Aktiviti isi rumah sebagaiHousehold group kesihatan hiburan perkhidmatan majikan, aktiviti mengeluarkan

kemanusiaan dan rekreasi lain barangan dan perkhidmatandan kerja yang tidak dapat dibezakansosial oleh isi rumah untuk

kegunaan sendiri 1

Human health Arts, Other Activities of householdsand social entertainment service as employers; undifferentiatedwork activities and recreation activities goods and services producing

activities of households forown use 1

Terendah 10% 1.6 2.3 2.2 3.5 Bottom

" 20% 4.4 5.5 5.9 8.6

" 30% 8.2 10.0 10.8 13.3

" 40% 13.0 15.2 16.9 20.0

" 50% 19.0 21.6 24.0 26.7

" 60% 26.0 29.3 32.3 35.5

" 70% 34.9 38.1 41.8 44.4

" 80% 46.9 49.4 54.1 56.5

" 90% 63.6 64.4 70.2 74.2

Purata (RM/Bulan) 6,812 6,342 4,604 2,294 Mean (RM/Month)

Penengah (RM/Bulan) 4,313 4,367 3,572 1,775 Median (RM/Month)

1 Termasuk aktiviti badan dan pertubuhan luar wilayah Including activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies



JADUAL INSIDEN KEMISKINAN TABLES OF INCIDENCE OF POVERTY

Jadual 2.1: Insiden kemiskinan mengikut kumpulan etnik ketua isi rumah dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 2.1: Incidence of poverty by ethnic group of head of household and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Kumpulan etnikEthnic group Jumlah Bandar Luar Bandar Jumlah Bandar Luar Bandar

Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

JUMLAH/TOTAL 1.7 1.0 3.4 0.2 0.1 0.6

Bumiputera 2.2 1.4 3.6 0.3 0.2 0.6

Cina/Chinese 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

India/Indians 1.8 1.5 4.3 0.2 0.2 0.8

Lain-Lain/Others 1.5 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Jadual 2.2: Insiden kemiskinan mengikut negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 2.2: Incidence of poverty by state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

NegeriState Jumlah Bandar Luar Bandar Jumlah Bandar Luar Bandar

Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

Malaysia 1.7 1.0 3.4 0.2 0.1 0.6

Johor 0.9 0.7 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.0

Kedah 1.7 1.1 2.6 0.1 0.0 0.4

Kelantan 2.7 1.8 3.4 0.3 0.2 0.4

Melaka 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Negeri Sembilan 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0

Pahang 1.3 1.1 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.2

Pulau Pinang 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

Perak 1.5 1.1 2.2 0.2 0.0 0.4

Perlis 1.9 0.9 2.6 0.5 0.2 0.6

Selangor 0.4 0.2 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Terengganu 1.7 1.5 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.2

Sabah 8.1 5.3 12.7 1.6 0.6 3.2

Sarawak 2.4 1.1 4.0 0.3 0.3 0.4

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 0.8 0.8 n.a. 0.1 0.1 n.a.

W.P. Labuan 1.1 0.6 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

W.P. Putrajaya - - n.a. - - n.a.

Insiden kemiskinan/Incidence of poverty

Miskin/Poor Miskin tegar/Hardcore poor




Jadual 2.3: Insiden kemiskinan mengikut jantina dan kumpulan etnik ketua isi rumah, Malaysia, 2012Table 2.3: Incidence of poverty by sex and ethnic group of head of household, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Kumpulan etnikEthnic group Jumlah Lelaki Perempuan Jumlah Lelaki Perempuan

Total Male Female Total Male Female

JUMLAH/TOTAL 1.7 1.6 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

Bumiputera 2.2 2.2 2.6 0.3 0.3 0.3

Cina/Chinese 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1

India/Indians 1.8 1.5 3.3 0.2 0.1 0.9

Lain-lain/Others 1.5 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Jadual 2.4: Insiden kemiskinan mengikut kumpulan umur ketua isi rumah, Malaysia, 2012Table 2.4: Incidence of poverty by age group of head of household, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Kumpulan umurAge group

Jumlah/Total 1.7 0.2

15 − 24 1.6 0.2

25 − 29 0.6 0.1

30 − 34 1.3 0.3

35 − 39 2.4 0.4

40 − 44 2.5 0.3

45 − 64 1.6 0.2

65 dan lebih 1.4 0.265 and over

Jadual 2.5: Insiden kemiskinan mengikut saiz isi rumah, Malaysia, 2012Table 2.5: Incidence of poverty by household size, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Saiz isi rumahHousehold size

Jumlah/Total 1.7 0.2

Satu/One 0.1 0.0

Dua/Two 0.3 0.0

Tiga/Three 0.5 0.1

Empat/Four 0.7 0.1

Lima dan ke atas/Five and above 3.6 0.5



Insiden Kemiskinan/Incidence of poverty





JADUAL KEMUDAHAN ASAS (AM) TABLES OF BASIC AMENITIES (GENERAL)

Jadual 3.1: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jenis pemilikan rumah, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 3.1: Percentage distribution of households by type of ownership of housing unit, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Dimiliki Disewa Kuarters Jumlah

Negeri Owned Rented Quarters Total

State Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar LuarBandar Bandar Bandar Bandar

Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

MALAYSIA 74.5 70.9 84.0 20.2 24.8 8.3 5.3 4.3 7.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

Johor 74.3 72.5 80.0 22.4 26.2 11.0 3.3 1.3 9.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kedah 83.4 78.1 92.7 14.2 18.8 6.1 2.4 3.1 1.2 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kelantan 82.7 75.1 88.3 13.9 21.8 8.1 3.4 3.1 3.6 100.0 100.0 100.0

Melaka 80.6 79.5 85.7 16.5 17.7 10.6 2.9 2.8 3.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

Negeri Sembilan 78.1 75.6 82.1 14.7 20.2 6.0 7.2 4.2 11.9 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pahang 72.3 64.6 80.5 17.0 25.0 8.5 10.7 10.4 11.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pulau Pinang 79.0 78.3 82.1 19.9 20.9 15.4 1.1 0.8 2.5 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perak 81.6 81.3 82.2 14.0 15.7 10.9 4.4 3.0 6.9 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perlis 86.7 82.5 89.5 8.6 15.5 4.0 4.7 2.0 6.5 100.0 100.0 100.0

Selangor 69.4 68.6 77.7 28.7 29.3 21.5 1.9 2.1 0.8 100.0 100.0 100.0

Terengganu 82.7 78.8 87.9 14.7 19.7 7.9 2.6 1.5 4.2 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sabah 72.3 66.8 81.6 15.6 23.0 3.2 12.1 10.2 15.2 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sarawak 81.0 77.2 85.7 10.1 15.9 2.8 8.9 6.9 11.5 100.0 100.0 100.0

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 50.8 50.8 n.a. 42.7 42.7 n.a. 6.5 6.5 n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.

W.P. Labuan 66.3 60.6 83.6 23.0 25.9 14.2 10.7 13.5 2.2 100.0 100.0 100.0

W.P. Putrajaya 4.3 4.3 n.a. 7.4 7.4 n.a. 88.3 88.3 n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.


Jadual 3.2: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut keadaan rumah yang diduduki, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 3.2: Percentage distribution of households by condition of occupied housing unit, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Kukuh Mulai buruk/Buruk Jumlah

Negeri Stable Deteriorating/Dilapidated Total

State Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar Luar Jumlah Bandar LuarBandar Bandar Bandar

Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural

MALAYSIA 93.9 96.0 88.6 6.1 4.0 11.4 100.0 100.0 100.0

Johor 95.0 96.3 91.0 5.0 3.7 9.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kedah 93.1 94.6 90.6 6.9 5.4 9.4 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kelantan 81.9 83.7 80.6 18.1 16.3 19.4 100.0 100.0 100.0

Melaka 96.6 97.2 93.5 3.4 2.8 6.5 100.0 100.0 100.0

Negeri Sembilan 97.5 98.8 95.3 2.5 1.2 4.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pahang 94.0 94.8 93.1 6.0 5.2 6.9 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pulau Pinang 95.2 96.3 89.9 4.8 3.7 10.1 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perak 90.3 94.0 83.7 9.7 6.0 16.3 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perlis 91.2 92.4 90.3 8.8 7.6 9.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

Selangor 98.4 98.6 96.2 1.6 1.4 3.8 100.0 100.0 100.0

Terengganu 90.8 92.5 88.4 9.2 7.5 11.6 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sabah 87.4 91.2 81.1 12.6 8.8 18.9 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sarawak 93.7 95.9 91.1 6.3 4.1 8.9 100.0 100.0 100.0

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 99.0 99.0 n.a. 1.0 1.0 n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.

W.P. Labuan 93.7 93.2 95.1 6.3 6.8 4.9 100.0 100.0 100.0

W.P. Putrajaya 99.7 99.7 n.a. 0.3 0.3 n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.


Jadual 3.3: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jenis bahan binaan dinding luar rumah, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 3.3: Percentage distribution of households by type of outer wall building materials, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Batu Batu dan papan Papan Jumlah

Negeri Brick Brick and plank Plank Total



MALAYSIA 75.7 86.7 47.2 16.1 8.9 34.6 8.2 4.4 18.2 100.0 100.0 100.0

Johor 83.5 91.6 59.3 14.9 8.0 35.6 1.6 0.4 5.1 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kedah 69.8 81.3 49.1 28.4 17.2 48.4 1.8 1.5 2.5 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kelantan 45.6 54.9 38.8 32.8 30.0 34.9 21.6 15.1 26.3 100.0 100.0 100.0

Melaka 84.2 87.1 69.8 14.6 11.9 27.8 1.2 1.0 2.4 100.0 100.0 100.0

Negeri Sembilan 83.2 95.9 63.0 15.1 3.8 33.1 1.7 0.3 3.9 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pahang 72.9 85.4 59.5 22.0 9.9 34.8 5.1 4.7 5.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pulau Pinang 82.7 88.0 55.4 16.4 11.1 43.2 0.9 0.9 1.4 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perak 71.8 86.6 45.2 25.4 11.7 50.2 2.8 1.7 4.6 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perlis 68.4 78.0 61.9 27.3 19.5 32.6 4.3 2.5 5.5 100.0 100.0 100.0

Selangor 93.6 96.1 65.7 5.8 3.7 29.3 0.6 0.2 5.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Terengganu 44.0 52.1 33.1 36.5 31.0 43.9 19.5 16.9 23.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sabah 47.8 61.6 24.9 15.6 11.2 22.8 36.6 27.2 52.3 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sarawak 61.3 80.2 37.6 12.2 6.8 19.0 26.5 13.0 43.4 100.0 100.0 100.0

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 98.5 98.5 n.a. 1.5 1.5 n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.

W.P. Labuan 65.1 70.0 50.3 14.8 14.1 16.9 20.1 15.9 32.8 100.0 100.0 100.0

W.P. Putrajaya 100.0 100.0 n.a. - - n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.


Jadual 3.4: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jenis bekalan air, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 3.4: Percentage distribution of households by type of water supply, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Air paip dalam rumah Air paip awam Lain-lain Jumlah

Negeri Piped water inside house Public water stand pipe Others Total



MALAYSIA 93.7 98.5 81.8 0.2 0.1 0.2 6.1 1.4 18.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Johor 99.7 99.8 99.1 0.1 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.9 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kedah 97.7 98.9 95.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 2.1 0.8 4.6 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kelantan 57.5 68.3 49.6 0.1 0.1 - 42.4 31.6 50.4 100.0 100.0 100.0

Melaka 99.9 100.0 99.6 - - - 0.1 - 0.4 100.0 100.0 100.0

Negeri Sembilan 99.9 99.8 100.0 - - - 0.1 0.2 - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pahang 98.8 99.3 98.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.1 0.6 1.3 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pulau Pinang 99.8 99.7 99.6 - 0.1 - 0.2 0.2 0.4 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perak 98.1 99.7 95.3 0.1 - 0.2 1.8 0.3 4.5 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perlis 99.4 99.8 99.2 0.2 - 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.5 100.0 100.0 100.0

Selangor 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Terengganu 91.3 95.4 85.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 8.2 4.1 14.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sabah 79.0 94.4 52.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 20.3 4.9 46.6 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sarawak 80.8 99.6 57.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 18.9 0.2 42.2 100.0 100.0 100.0

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 100.0 n.a. - - n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.

W.P. Labuan 98.4 99.1 95.7 0.8 - 3.3 0.8 0.9 1.0 100.0 100.0 100.0



Jadual 3.5: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut kemudahan bekalan elektrik, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 3.5: Percentage distribution of households by accessibility to electricity supply, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Kemudahan bekalan elektrik Tiada bekalan elektrik Jumlah

Negeri Accessible to electricity No electricity Total



MALAYSIA 99.8 99.9 99.3 0.2 0.1 0.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

Johor 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kedah 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kelantan 99.8 100.0 99.7 0.2 - 0.3 100.0 100.0 100.0

Melaka 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Negeri Sembilan 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pahang 99.9 99.9 99.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pulau Pinang 100.0 100.0 99.8 - - 0.2 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perak 99.9 99.9 100.0 0.1 0.1 - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perlis 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Selangor 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Terengganu 99.9 99.9 99.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sabah 98.5 99.7 96.4 1.5 0.3 3.6 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sarawak 99.2 99.8 98.3 0.8 0.2 1.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 100.0 n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.

W.P. Labuan 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

W.P. Putrajaya 100.0 100.0 n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.


Jadual 3.6: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jenis kemudahan tandas yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 3.6: Percentage distribution of households by type of toilet used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Tandas tarik Tandas curah/siram Lain-lain Jumlah

Negeri Flush toilet Pour flush Others Total



MALAYSIA 80.1 90.8 52.5 19.2 8.8 46.0 0.7 0.4 1.5 100.0 100.0 100.0

Johor 90.7 96.0 74.8 9.3 4.0 25.1 - - 0.1 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kedah 57.4 75.4 25.4 42.6 24.6 74.6 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kelantan 43.1 56.4 33.3 56.9 43.6 66.5 - - 0.2 100.0 100.0 100.0

Melaka 90.0 90.5 87.8 10.0 9.5 12.2 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Negeri Sembilan 91.3 98.5 79.3 8.7 1.3 20.6 - 0.2 0.1 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pahang 83.4 90.7 75.7 16.5 9.3 24.2 0.1 - 0.1 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pulau Pinang 82.9 90.1 46.9 17.1 9.9 53.1 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perak 76.0 90.2 50.3 23.7 9.6 49.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perlis 57.5 74.4 46.1 42.5 25.6 53.9 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Selangor 98.5 99.8 84.3 1.5 0.2 15.7 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Terengganu 52.8 64.5 36.9 47.0 35.5 62.6 0.2 - 0.5 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sabah 61.6 74.6 40.0 31.1 20.2 49.2 7.3 5.2 10.8 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sarawak 68.1 89.5 41.1 31.1 10.3 57.3 0.8 0.2 1.6 100.0 100.0 100.0


W.P. Labuan 84.9 86.7 79.3 13.4 12.1 17.5 1.7 1.2 3.2 100.0 100.0 100.0



Jadual 3.7: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke pusat kesihatan awam dan swasta, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 3.7: Percentage distribution of households by distance from living quarters to the nearest public and private health centres, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Negeri Jumlah Kurang 5−9 km Lebih Jumlah Kurang 5−9 km LebihState dari 5 km dari 9 km dari 5 km dari 9 km

Total Less than More than Total Less than More than5 km 9 km 5 km 9 km

JUMLAH/TOTAL

MALAYSIA 100.0 77.6 12.3 10.1 100.0 77.9 9.0 13.1

Johor 100.0 78.1 14.2 7.7 100.0 84.4 8.6 7.0

Kedah 100.0 86.8 9.6 3.6 100.0 74.3 16.7 9.0

Kelantan 100.0 83.7 9.8 6.5 100.0 65.3 16.2 18.5

Melaka 100.0 87.2 8.9 3.9 100.0 85.7 10.5 3.8

Negeri Sembilan 100.0 76.5 14.7 8.8 100.0 72.1 11.4 16.5

Pahang 100.0 85.4 9.2 5.4 100.0 62.0 11.6 26.4

Pulau Pinang 100.0 97.0 2.5 0.5 100.0 98.4 1.4 0.2

Perak 100.0 78.2 15.3 6.5 100.0 72.8 12.4 14.8

Perlis 100.0 79.3 16.4 4.3 100.0 63.6 20.5 15.9

Selangor 100.0 68.7 16.7 14.6 100.0 93.9 3.8 2.3

Terengganu 100.0 85.9 7.2 6.9 100.0 70.7 12.7 16.6

Sabah 100.0 71.6 13.1 15.3 100.0 60.6 12.1 27.3

Sarawak 100.0 53.8 14.8 31.4 100.0 47.4 10.4 42.2

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 93.4 5.8 0.8 100.0 98.7 1.3 -

W.P. Labuan 100.0 86.9 10.7 2.4 100.0 20.8 20.8 58.4

W.P. Putrajaya 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 97.5 - 2.5

Pusat Kesihatan AwamPublic Health Centres

Pusat Kesihatan SwastaPrivate Health Centres


Jadual 3.7: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke pusat kesihatan awam dan swasta, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 3.7: Percentage distribution of households by distance from living quarters to the nearest public and private health centres, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)

(%)



BANDAR/URBAN

MALAYSIA 100.0 80.2 12.4 7.4 100.0 91.6 5.6 2.8

Johor 100.0 79.1 14.6 6.3 100.0 92.7 5.9 1.4

Kedah 100.0 89.4 9.0 1.6 100.0 91.7 7.4 0.9

Kelantan 100.0 93.4 5.3 1.3 100.0 91.1 5.7 3.2

Melaka 100.0 86.2 9.1 4.7 100.0 92.5 7.4 0.1

Negeri Sembilan 100.0 74.9 16.8 8.3 100.0 87.3 9.6 3.1

Pahang 100.0 89.2 9.7 1.1 100.0 87.8 8.9 3.3

Pulau Pinang 100.0 98.2 1.8 - 100.0 100.0 - -

Perak 100.0 78.6 16.8 4.6 100.0 88.3 8.3 3.4

Perlis 100.0 88.1 10.1 1.8 100.0 79.8 12.8 7.4

Selangor 100.0 68.0 17.1 14.9 100.0 96.0 2.4 1.6

Terengganu 100.0 94.8 2.9 2.3 100.0 92.5 5.3 2.2

Sabah 100.0 81.5 11.4 7.1 100.0 83.3 9.8 6.9

Sarawak 100.0 65.5 18.7 15.8 100.0 74.2 14.1 11.7

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 93.4 5.8 0.8 100.0 98.7 1.3 -

W.P. Labuan 100.0 85.9 11.8 2.3 100.0 25.9 25.9 48.2

W.P. Putrajaya 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 97.5 - 2.5




Jadual 3.7: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke pusat kesihatan awam dan swasta, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 3.7: Percentage distribution of households by distance from living quarters to the nearest public and private health centres, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)

(%)



LUAR BANDAR/RURAL

MALAYSIA 100.0 70.8 12.0 17.2 100.0 42.1 18.0 39.9

Johor 100.0 74.8 13.3 11.9 100.0 59.0 17.0 24.0

Kedah 100.0 81.8 10.9 7.3 100.0 43.5 33.2 23.3

Kelantan 100.0 76.7 13.0 10.3 100.0 46.4 23.9 29.7

Melaka 100.0 92.2 7.8 - 100.0 52.7 25.3 22.0

Negeri Sembilan 100.0 79.0 11.4 9.6 100.0 47.8 14.4 37.8

Pahang 100.0 81.5 8.5 10.0 100.0 34.6 14.5 50.9

Pulau Pinang 100.0 91.3 5.8 2.9 100.0 90.2 8.4 1.4

Perak 100.0 77.7 12.4 9.9 100.0 45.1 19.6 35.3

Perlis 100.0 73.4 20.6 6.0 100.0 52.8 25.6 21.6

Selangor 100.0 76.0 13.3 10.7 100.0 70.2 20.0 9.8

Terengganu 100.0 73.8 13.0 13.2 100.0 40.8 22.9 36.3

Sabah 100.0 55.1 15.9 29.0 100.0 22.6 16.1 61.3

Sarawak 100.0 39.1 9.9 51.0 100.0 13.6 5.6 80.8

W.P. Kuala Lumpur n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

W.P. Labuan 100.0 89.7 7.6 2.7 100.0 4.9 5.5 89.6

W.P. Putrajaya n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.




Jadual 3.8: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke sekolah rendah dan sekolah menengah kerajaan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 3.8: Percentage distribution of households by distance from living quarters to the nearest government primary and secondary school, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)



JUMLAH/TOTAL

MALAYSIA 100.0 95.4 3.1 1.5 100.0 84.0 8.8 7.2

Johor 100.0 95.7 3.7 0.6 100.0 87.0 9.6 3.4

Kedah 100.0 99.2 0.8 - 100.0 88.4 9.2 2.4

Kelantan 100.0 97.0 1.9 1.1 100.0 85.9 9.3 4.8

Melaka 100.0 97.3 2.5 0.2 100.0 85.8 12.8 1.4

Negeri Sembilan 100.0 93.1 6.0 0.9 100.0 81.6 12.1 6.3

Pahang 100.0 96.9 2.3 0.8 100.0 84.0 8.1 7.9

Pulau Pinang 100.0 98.2 1.8 - 100.0 97.4 2.6 -

Perak 100.0 96.5 3.0 0.5 100.0 84.7 9.8 5.5

Perlis 100.0 94.3 4.6 1.1 100.0 85.9 9.3 4.8

Selangor 100.0 93.8 4.1 2.1 100.0 89.4 7.8 2.8

Terengganu 100.0 98.8 1.2 - 100.0 82.0 10.0 8.0

Sabah 100.0 92.1 4.6 3.3 100.0 67.7 13.6 18.7

Sarawak 100.0 90.7 3.4 5.9 100.0 58.1 10.2 31.7

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 99.4 0.6 - 100.0 98.1 1.7 0.2

W.P. Labuan 100.0 92.6 7.4 - 100.0 76.1 20.5 3.4

W.P. Putrajaya 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -

Sekolah rendah kerajaanGovernment primary school

Sekolah menengah kerajaanGovernment secondary school


Jadual 3.8: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke sekolah rendah dan sekolah menengah kerajaan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 3.8: Percentage distribution of households by distance from living quarters to the nearest government primary and secondary school, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)

(%)



BANDAR/URBAN

MALAYSIA 100.0 96.7 2.7 0.6 100.0 91.5 6.5 2.0

Johor 100.0 96.9 3.0 0.1 100.0 92.0 7.2 0.8

Kedah 100.0 99.3 0.7 - 100.0 95.1 4.6 0.3

Kelantan 100.0 99.8 0.2 - 100.0 97.9 2.1 -

Melaka 100.0 97.5 2.2 0.3 100.0 89.6 9.3 1.1

Negeri Sembilan 100.0 92.6 6.5 0.9 100.0 88.0 9.3 2.7

Pahang 100.0 97.7 2.3 - 100.0 95.0 4.0 1.0

Pulau Pinang 100.0 97.8 2.2 - 100.0 98.3 1.7 -

Perak 100.0 98.1 1.8 0.1 100.0 91.4 5.8 2.8

Perlis 100.0 97.1 2.7 0.2 100.0 93.5 5.4 1.1

Selangor 100.0 93.9 4.2 1.9 100.0 90.2 7.3 2.5

Terengganu 100.0 99.6 0.4 - 100.0 91.2 8.3 0.5

Sabah 100.0 96.2 3.0 0.8 100.0 83.5 11.8 4.7

Sarawak 100.0 96.8 2.6 0.6 100.0 83.0 10.1 6.9

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 99.4 0.6 - 100.0 98.1 1.7 0.2

W.P. Labuan 100.0 94.1 5.9 - 100.0 76.2 20.6 3.2

W.P. Putrajaya 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -




Jadual 3.8: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke sekolah rendah dan sekolah menengah kerajaan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 3.8: Percentage distribution of households by distance from living quarters to the nearest government primary and secondary school, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)

(%)



LUAR BANDAR/RURAL

MALAYSIA 100.0 92.4 4.0 3.6 100.0 64.8 14.7 20.5

Johor 100.0 92.1 5.8 2.1 100.0 71.8 16.8 11.4

Kedah 100.0 99.0 1.0 - 100.0 76.6 17.2 6.2

Kelantan 100.0 95.0 3.2 1.8 100.0 77.1 14.7 8.2

Melaka 100.0 95.9 4.1 - 100.0 67.3 30.2 2.5

Negeri Sembilan 100.0 93.8 5.2 1.0 100.0 71.3 16.6 12.1

Pahang 100.0 96.0 2.4 1.6 100.0 72.2 12.6 15.2

Pulau Pinang 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 92.6 7.4 -

Perak 100.0 93.5 5.2 1.3 100.0 72.7 16.9 10.4

Perlis 100.0 92.4 6.0 1.6 100.0 80.8 11.9 7.3

Selangor 100.0 93.2 2.5 4.3 100.0 80.3 13.0 6.7

Terengganu 100.0 97.6 2.4 - 100.0 69.5 12.4 18.1

Sabah 100.0 85.2 7.2 7.6 100.0 41.1 16.7 42.2

Sarawak 100.0 83.0 4.4 12.6 100.0 26.7 10.4 62.9


W.P. Labuan 100.0 88.0 12.0 - 100.0 76.0 20.2 3.8

W.P. Putrajaya n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.




Jadual 3.9: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut bilangan bilik tidur, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 3.9: Percentage distribution of households by number of bedrooms, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Tiada Satu Dua

Negeri None One Two



MALAYSIA 0.6 0.3 1.5 4.4 2.7 8.8 18.2 16.1 23.5

Johor - - - 1.8 1.4 3.1 19.9 20.1 19.5

Kedah 1.4 0.7 2.7 6.9 4.7 10.8 19.8 14.6 29.1

Kelantan 0.8 0.8 0.8 9.2 5.7 11.8 25.1 22.1 27.3

Melaka - - - 1.6 1.3 2.9 14.3 14.3 14.7

Negeri Sembilan - - - 2.1 1.6 2.8 9.5 8.3 11.4

Pahang 0.4 0.3 0.4 2.9 2.2 3.6 13.6 12.8 14.4

Pulau Pinang - 0.1 - 2.2 1.9 3.5 25.2 25.8 22.0

Perak 0.2 - 0.4 5.2 2.0 11.0 15.5 10.4 24.9

Perlis 0.3 0.2 0.3 7.4 6.1 8.2 22.3 18.4 25.0

Selangor - - - 0.9 0.6 3.8 11.4 10.7 18.5

Terengganu 0.6 0.3 1.0 4.9 3.6 6.7 21.6 20.6 22.9

Sabah 1.7 1.5 2.0 9.6 8.5 11.3 25.0 22.5 29.1

Sarawak 3.5 1.3 6.3 11.8 7.0 17.7 23.0 18.2 29.1

W.P. Kuala Lumpur - - n.a. 2.1 2.1 n.a. 21.5 21.5 n.a.

W.P. Labuan 0.2 0.3 - 5.6 4.7 8.2 16.9 16.8 17.5

W.P. Putrajaya - - n.a. 0.3 0.3 n.a. - - n.a.


Jadual 3.9: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut bilangan bilik tidur, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 3.9: Percentage distribution of households by number of bedrooms, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)

(%)

Tiga Empat dan lebih Jumlah

Negeri Three Four and more Total



MALAYSIA 50.9 54.6 41.5 25.9 26.3 24.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

Johor 54.4 57.0 46.8 23.9 21.5 30.6 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kedah 50.9 57.2 39.7 21.0 22.8 17.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kelantan 39.4 41.8 37.7 25.5 29.6 22.4 100.0 100.0 100.0

Melaka 57.8 58.0 57.1 26.3 26.4 25.3 100.0 100.0 100.0

Negeri Sembilan 60.5 61.8 58.4 27.9 28.3 27.4 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pahang 53.7 58.0 49.2 29.4 26.7 32.4 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pulau Pinang 51.1 51.2 50.6 21.5 21.0 23.9 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perak 52.8 58.5 42.5 26.3 29.1 21.2 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perlis 45.6 49.3 43.1 24.4 26.0 23.4 100.0 100.0 100.0

Selangor 57.0 57.6 50.7 30.7 31.1 27.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Terengganu 41.4 42.7 39.7 31.5 32.8 29.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sabah 41.0 46.8 31.2 22.7 20.7 26.4 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sarawak 34.8 39.9 28.4 26.9 33.6 18.5 100.0 100.0 100.0


W.P. Labuan 44.4 46.2 38.8 32.9 32.0 35.5 100.0 100.0 100.0

W.P. Putrajaya 78.5 78.5 n.a. 21.2 21.2 n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.


Jadual 3.10: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut kemudahan kutipan sampah, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 3.10: Percentage distribution of households by garbage collection facility, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Tempat kediaman Kawasan 1 Tiada Jumlah

Negeri Living quarters Area None Total



MALAYSIA 50.2 61.1 22.0 27.5 30.1 20.7 22.3 8.8 57.3 100.0 100.0 100.0

Johor 69.5 79.0 40.8 15.6 15.2 16.5 14.9 5.8 42.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kedah 12.7 18.8 1.9 41.7 57.0 14.5 45.6 24.2 83.6 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kelantan 7.9 14.3 3.2 32.4 48.8 20.4 59.7 36.9 76.4 100.0 100.0 100.0

Melaka 67.7 68.5 63.7 20.9 20.9 20.8 11.4 10.6 15.5 100.0 100.0 100.0

Negeri Sembilan 73.8 88.8 49.9 8.3 8.5 7.8 17.9 2.7 42.3 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pahang 51.8 59.1 43.9 30.3 32.9 27.5 17.9 8.0 28.6 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pulau Pinang 51.8 55.9 31.5 41.2 39.7 48.8 7.0 4.4 19.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perak 60.9 80.8 24.8 13.0 13.0 12.9 26.1 6.2 62.3 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perlis 15.9 34.1 3.7 15.6 15.7 15.5 68.5 50.2 80.8 100.0 100.0 100.0

Selangor 62.3 64.6 36.5 35.0 34.7 39.0 2.7 0.7 24.5 100.0 100.0 100.0

Terengganu 7.6 10.8 3.2 57.5 66.8 44.8 34.9 22.4 52.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sabah 22.2 32.2 5.6 20.3 30.1 4.0 57.5 37.7 90.4 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sarawak 46.6 71.5 15.2 25.1 26.2 23.6 28.3 2.3 61.2 100.0 100.0 100.0


W.P. Labuan 26.6 30.9 13.7 66.4 62.1 79.8 7.0 7.0 6.5 100.0 100.0 100.0

W.P. Putrajaya 28.5 28.5 n.a. 71.5 71.5 n.a. - - n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a.

1 Kutipan sampah di tempat pengumpulan yang jaraknya melebihi 100 meter dari tempat kediaman Garbage collection at the collection centre located more than 100 metres from living quarters


Jadual 3.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 3.11: Percentage distribution of households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Kereta Motosikal/ Basikal Alat pendingin Mesin Peti sejukNegeri skuter hawa basuhState Car Motorcycle/ Bicycle Air-conditioner Washing Refrigerator

scooter machine

JUMLAH/TOTAL

MALAYSIA 77.8 66.0 29.1 37.6 90.5 96.2

Johor 83.1 74.3 31.2 37.7 96.5 98.4

Kedah 73.6 85.0 35.5 26.1 91.2 96.0

Kelantan 67.5 85.6 31.4 15.8 90.0 95.3

Melaka 83.5 72.3 35.9 47.0 95.9 98.7

Negeri Sembilan 80.5 72.6 24.5 38.0 92.5 98.2

Pahang 80.1 82.5 31.5 27.1 94.6 97.1

Pulau Pinang 81.1 74.6 37.0 43.7 94.8 97.7

Perak 73.5 80.4 46.3 38.1 92.0 97.8

Perlis 68.5 85.9 47.9 25.1 91.6 95.7

Selangor 87.8 58.0 28.4 52.6 94.4 98.1

Terengganu 72.1 81.3 31.9 18.3 91.3 94.5

Sabah 62.7 23.7 12.3 25.9 72.3 87.9

Sarawak 60.8 52.1 16.2 32.5 74.2 90.7

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 89.2 52.4 19.4 50.8 97.1 99.2

W.P. Labuan 81.3 40.0 27.9 50.2 94.6 97.6

W.P. Putrajaya 98.5 57.1 16.6 34.7 95.4 97.2


Jadual 3.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 3.11: Percentage distribution of households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)

(%)

Dapur masak Dapur Dapur Ketuhar PenapisNegeri gas/elektrik minyak tanah kayu/arang gelombang mikro airState Gas/electric Kerosene Wood/ Microwave oven Water

stove stove charcoal stove filter

JUMLAH/TOTAL

MALAYSIA 95.5 2.1 4.5 27.7 35.9

Johor 96.8 1.4 1.6 26.0 29.2

Kedah 95.0 1.5 4.0 18.2 33.5

Kelantan 96.0 1.7 12.1 16.2 21.7

Melaka 99.0 2.4 4.5 35.0 50.9

Negeri Sembilan 95.3 2.8 0.8 17.2 30.8

Pahang 94.6 11.8 4.0 25.6 36.0

Pulau Pinang 95.6 - - 22.5 43.5

Perak 94.8 3.8 4.9 27.8 34.9

Perlis 95.6 2.9 1.9 17.1 44.8

Selangor 94.6 - - 40.2 47.9

Terengganu 95.2 3.2 9.0 18.1 28.5

Sabah 95.4 1.5 7.3 17.5 22.1

Sarawak 94.7 3.8 19.5 24.0 20.8

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 97.3 - - 44.5 56.1

W.P. Labuan 98.0 3.0 1.2 46.1 44.0

W.P. Putrajaya 99.7 - - 20.9 29.1



(%)

Komputer Komputer Tablet Langganan Telefon bimbit TelefonNegeri peribadi riba internet talian tetapState Personal Laptop Tablet Internet Mobile phone Fixed-line

computer subscription telephone

JUMLAH/TOTAL

MALAYSIA 21.0 46.3 15.3 38.7 95.0 28.8

Johor 19.0 45.5 12.2 39.5 95.2 30.0

Kedah 16.0 38.6 8.6 26.9 95.2 19.7

Kelantan 14.8 29.4 4.9 17.1 92.3 12.6

Melaka 28.2 50.2 21.1 47.8 95.9 48.6

Negeri Sembilan 17.9 29.7 6.7 29.3 89.9 38.7

Pahang 19.3 47.4 9.6 31.1 95.5 25.7

Pulau Pinang 24.0 45.6 10.7 43.0 95.5 37.4

Perak 19.6 34.7 9.3 30.2 91.2 34.6

Perlis 11.3 42.7 7.3 28.2 93.1 25.6

Selangor 28.7 57.6 26.5 55.0 97.2 33.0

Terengganu 12.9 42.1 9.4 26.2 92.9 17.4

Sabah 16.3 45.3 10.7 27.3 95.2 17.1

Sarawak 16.7 41.8 9.5 25.4 94.2 21.2

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 28.2 64.7 37.4 68.2 98.8 39.9

W.P. Labuan 23.3 68.6 21.4 47.5 98.4 30.5

W.P. Putrajaya 20.2 72.4 42.3 82.5 100.0 23.3



(%)

Kamera/Video Radio/Hi-fi Pemain Video/ Televisyen Siaran TV Negeri digital VCD/DVD berbayarState Digital camera/ Video/VCD/ Television Paid TV

video DVD player channel

JUMLAH/TOTAL

MALAYSIA 28.7 68.9 65.4 97.7 57.4

Johor 28.4 84.2 74.3 99.0 46.8

Kedah 19.6 66.1 58.2 97.7 38.7

Kelantan 12.7 67.1 44.0 96.8 38.8

Melaka 34.2 80.0 69.9 99.1 65.8

Negeri Sembilan 15.7 65.7 51.0 97.9 65.8

Pahang 24.2 75.4 61.5 98.2 69.5

Pulau Pinang 31.4 69.8 72.0 98.3 62.0

Perak 25.1 78.0 62.4 98.3 55.7

Perlis 16.6 58.0 46.8 98.1 38.8

Selangor 40.5 61.3 70.7 98.1 70.4

Terengganu 16.0 57.6 42.4 95.6 43.0

Sabah 20.7 48.6 62.0 93.9 58.5

Sarawak 19.6 72.6 71.8 95.9 39.3

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 56.2 78.1 75.3 99.5 80.2

W.P. Labuan 29.9 52.8 65.2 98.2 91.0

W.P. Putrajaya 44.5 45.1 62.6 99.4 85.6



(%)


scooter machine

BANDAR/URBAN

MALAYSIA 83.6 61.5 28.6 46.8 93.5 97.5

Johor 86.0 70.0 29.3 44.0 97.2 98.7

Kedah 79.2 81.1 37.6 36.9 91.6 96.3

Kelantan 74.6 81.9 35.2 25.1 92.9 96.9

Melaka 83.9 69.0 35.0 49.4 95.9 98.8

Negeri Sembilan 84.6 64.8 24.5 49.1 92.6 98.3

Pahang 84.2 74.3 32.1 38.7 94.4 96.7

Pulau Pinang 82.1 72.2 33.5 48.3 94.9 97.8

Perak 80.0 77.7 46.1 50.2 94.4 98.7

Perlis 73.8 80.0 51.6 40.4 94.4 96.0

Selangor 89.1 55.5 27.7 55.0 94.6 98.3

Terengganu 76.7 77.7 31.9 24.2 92.0 94.7

Sabah 70.5 17.2 10.9 36.9 80.9 91.5

Sarawak 79.4 49.3 18.7 51.8 89.2 96.6

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 89.2 52.4 19.4 50.8 97.1 99.2

W.P. Labuan 83.5 37.4 26.5 53.2 95.0 97.9

W.P. Putrajaya 98.5 57.1 16.6 34.7 95.4 97.2



(%)



BANDAR/URBAN

MALAYSIA 95.5 1.4 1.6 32.7 41.8

Johor 96.8 1.2 1.4 29.2 32.1

Kedah 94.6 1.1 1.5 22.9 39.8

Kelantan 96.0 2.0 8.3 23.4 30.1

Melaka 99.0 2.2 4.6 36.2 54.8

Negeri Sembilan 95.7 3.1 0.8 21.1 33.3

Pahang 92.7 10.5 2.0 30.9 37.8

Pulau Pinang 95.7 - - 23.6 45.3

Perak 95.0 2.9 4.2 33.5 42.8

Perlis 97.1 2.9 0.4 24.2 54.0

Selangor 94.6 - - 41.5 49.7

Terengganu 95.4 1.8 2.7 20.8 33.3

Sabah 95.3 1.3 2.2 21.5 27.9

Sarawak 94.6 1.8 4.0 35.0 32.2

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 97.3 - - 44.5 56.1

W.P. Labuan 97.9 3.2 1.2 46.5 46.8

W.P. Putrajaya 99.7 - - 20.9 29.1



(%)



BANDAR/URBAN

MALAYSIA 25.0 52.3 19.4 47.0 96.4 32.6

Johor 20.0 48.7 14.2 44.5 96.1 30.3

Kedah 22.3 45.3 12.1 34.3 96.3 25.6

Kelantan 21.1 38.5 7.8 26.1 92.8 21.5

Melaka 27.9 52.2 22.5 49.3 96.0 46.6

Negeri Sembilan 22.3 33.3 8.1 34.6 92.0 40.7

Pahang 26.6 54.5 15.1 41.3 97.1 24.8

Pulau Pinang 25.2 47.1 11.5 45.2 96.1 39.2

Perak 24.3 39.3 12.1 36.5 92.4 37.6

Perlis 14.8 55.6 12.6 40.4 94.2 33.6

Selangor 29.7 60.1 28.0 57.7 97.4 34.1

Terengganu 15.2 46.0 12.2 33.6 93.5 22.2

Sabah 21.3 53.0 15.0 36.7 97.0 23.1

Sarawak 25.3 54.3 14.8 39.3 98.5 30.6

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 28.2 64.7 37.4 68.2 98.8 39.9

W.P. Labuan 25.0 71.2 22.4 50.6 98.8 32.9

W.P. Putrajaya 20.2 72.4 42.3 82.5 100.0 23.3



(%)



BANDAR/URBAN

MALAYSIA 34.8 69.7 69.9 98.2 62.5

Johor 32.0 86.0 77.6 99.2 48.2

Kedah 25.9 68.5 63.3 98.1 47.3

Kelantan 17.4 67.9 47.9 96.9 44.7

Melaka 35.0 78.8 70.9 99.1 66.2

Negeri Sembilan 18.0 66.0 54.9 98.0 68.6

Pahang 32.2 73.9 64.7 97.7 67.8

Pulau Pinang 33.0 69.3 73.1 98.2 63.5

Perak 31.8 80.6 69.1 98.6 59.6

Perlis 26.9 58.7 52.9 98.4 48.4

Selangor 42.4 61.4 72.1 98.2 72.1

Terengganu 19.2 57.3 45.3 96.0 42.2

Sabah 25.6 51.1 66.2 96.6 63.5

Sarawak 29.8 74.7 80.4 98.1 50.8

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 56.2 78.1 75.3 99.5 80.2

W.P. Labuan 31.8 52.4 65.3 97.9 92.9

W.P. Putrajaya 44.5 45.1 62.6 99.4 85.6



(%)


scooter machine

LUAR BANDAR/RURAL

MALAYSIA 62.7 77.6 30.4 13.8 82.9 93.0

Johor 74.5 87.1 36.8 18.9 94.3 97.5

Kedah 63.5 91.9 31.6 7.1 90.5 95.3

Kelantan 62.3 88.4 28.7 9.1 87.9 94.1

Melaka 81.6 88.2 40.0 35.1 95.5 98.4

Negeri Sembilan 73.9 85.0 24.5 20.2 92.5 98.2

Pahang 75.8 91.3 30.8 14.9 94.8 97.5

Pulau Pinang 76.3 86.8 54.5 20.6 94.0 97.5

Perak 61.6 85.3 46.7 16.3 87.8 96.2

Perlis 65.0 89.8 45.5 14.8 89.7 95.5

Selangor 73.3 85.8 36.5 26.3 92.0 96.5

Terengganu 66.0 86.1 31.8 10.3 90.4 94.4

Sabah 49.7 34.6 14.7 7.4 57.9 81.8

Sarawak 37.3 55.7 12.9 8.3 55.4 83.2

W.P. Kuala Lumpur n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

W.P. Labuan 74.3 48.1 32.2 41.0 93.4 96.7

W.P. Putrajaya n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.



(%)



LUAR BANDAR/RURAL

MALAYSIA 95.6 4.0 11.9 14.7 20.7

Johor 97.0 2.1 2.2 16.6 20.8

Kedah 95.8 2.2 8.4 9.9 22.2

Kelantan 96.0 1.5 14.8 10.9 15.6

Melaka 98.8 2.9 4.1 29.4 31.8

Negeri Sembilan 94.8 2.3 0.8 10.9 26.8

Pahang 96.5 13.2 6.2 20.1 34.1

Pulau Pinang 95.1 - - 17.3 34.6

Perak 94.5 5.4 6.2 17.3 20.7

Perlis 94.5 2.9 2.9 12.3 38.5

Selangor 95.0 - - 25.5 28.5

Terengganu 94.8 5.0 17.4 14.5 22.0

Sabah 95.6 1.9 15.8 10.8 12.5

Sarawak 94.8 6.2 39.0 10.1 6.4

W.P. Kuala Lumpur n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

W.P. Labuan 98.4 2.2 1.1 44.8 35.5

W.P. Putrajaya n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.



(%)



LUAR BANDAR/RURAL

MALAYSIA 10.8 30.6 4.5 17.2 91.6 18.8

Johor 15.8 35.8 6.3 24.4 92.5 29.3

Kedah 4.7 26.7 2.5 13.7 93.2 9.2

Kelantan 10.1 22.8 2.8 10.5 92.0 6.1

Melaka 29.4 40.8 14.3 40.4 95.1 58.4

Negeri Sembilan 10.9 23.8 4.4 20.7 86.6 35.6

Pahang 11.5 39.9 3.7 20.4 93.8 26.7

Pulau Pinang 18.1 38.3 6.4 32.1 92.6 28.6

Perak 11.2 26.4 4.3 18.7 89.0 29.3

Perlis 8.9 34.0 3.7 20.0 92.4 20.2

Selangor 17.8 30.0 9.8 24.0 94.8 20.8

Terengganu 9.7 36.8 5.6 16.2 92.0 11.0

Sabah 7.9 32.5 3.4 11.6 92.3 7.0

Sarawak 5.7 26.1 2.9 7.9 88.9 9.3


W.P. Labuan 18.0 60.7 18.6 38.2 97.3 23.0

W.P. Putrajaya n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.



(%)



LUAR BANDAR/RURAL

MALAYSIA 13.0 66.7 53.6 96.1 44.2

Johor 17.8 78.9 64.3 98.6 42.5

Kedah 8.5 61.9 49.2 97.0 23.4

Kelantan 9.2 66.5 41.2 96.7 34.4

Melaka 30.2 85.7 64.9 98.8 63.7

Negeri Sembilan 12.1 65.3 44.7 97.9 61.2

Pahang 15.7 77.1 58.1 98.7 71.3

Pulau Pinang 23.0 72.6 66.7 99.2 54.3

Perak 12.8 73.1 50.2 97.7 48.5

Perlis 9.7 57.6 42.7 97.9 32.3

Selangor 19.3 59.8 55.2 97.7 51.0

Terengganu 11.5 58.0 38.4 94.9 44.1

Sabah 12.6 44.5 54.9 89.4 50.1

Sarawak 6.7 70.0 60.9 93.1 24.7


W.P. Labuan 24.0 54.1 65.0 98.9 85.2

W.P. Putrajaya n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.


JADUAL KEMUDAHAN ASAS (ISI RUMAH MISKIN) TABLES OF BASIC AMENITIES (POOR HOUSEHOLD)

Jadual 4.1: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jenis pemilikan rumah, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 4.1: Percentage distribution of poor households by type of ownership of housing unit, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Dimiliki Disewa Kuarters Jumlah

Negeri Owned Rented Quarters Total



MALAYSIA 72.8 53.9 87.6 24.0 42.6 9.4 3.2 3.5 3.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Johor 61.1 42.1 91.7 38.9 57.9 8.3 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kedah 77.5 60.6 90.3 22.5 39.4 9.7 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kelantan 81.8 73.8 84.9 12.9 22.7 9.1 5.3 3.5 6.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Melaka 50.0 50.0 - 50.0 50.0 - - - - 100.0 100.0 -

Negeri Sembilan 13.7 - 50.0 86.3 100.0 50.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pahang 43.8 27.3 57.2 48.2 63.6 35.7 8.0 9.1 7.1 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pulau Pinang 55.2 44.4 80.0 44.8 55.6 20.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perak 61.7 59.1 64.0 36.2 40.9 32.0 2.1 - 4.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perlis 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Selangor 41.8 30.0 55.6 58.2 70.0 44.4 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Terengganu 80.5 67.5 93.5 19.5 32.5 6.5 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sabah 82.3 64.7 94.7 12.0 27.2 1.3 5.7 8.1 4.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sarawak 88.4 69.3 94.9 11.0 30.7 4.2 0.6 - 0.9 100.0 100.0 100.0


W.P. Labuan 88.1 100.0 80.3 11.9 - 19.7 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0


Jadual 4.2: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut keadaan unit perumahan yang diduduki, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 4.2: Percentage distribution of poor households by condition of occupied housing unit, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Kukuh Mulai buruk/Buruk Jumlah

Negeri Stable Deteriorating/Dilapidated Total



MALAYSIA 74.9 77.1 73.3 25.1 22.9 26.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

Johor 77.5 84.2 66.7 22.5 15.8 33.3 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kedah 80.9 74.4 85.9 19.1 25.6 14.1 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kelantan 71.8 73.2 71.3 28.2 26.8 28.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

Melaka 100.0 100.0 - - - - 100.0 100.0 -

Negeri Sembilan 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pahang 76.1 81.8 71.4 23.9 18.2 28.6 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pulau Pinang 72.4 77.8 60.0 27.6 22.2 40.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perak 72.4 77.3 68.0 27.6 22.7 32.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perlis 69.9 75.0 68.7 30.1 25.0 31.3 100.0 100.0 100.0

Selangor 94.9 100.0 88.9 5.1 - 11.1 100.0 100.0 100.0

Terengganu 81.6 86.6 76.5 18.4 13.4 23.5 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sabah 67.4 66.7 67.9 32.6 33.3 32.1 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sarawak 82.3 78.0 83.8 17.7 22.0 16.2 100.0 100.0 100.0


W.P. Labuan 68.3 50.0 80.3 31.7 50.0 19.7 100.0 100.0 100.0


Jadual 4.3: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jenis bahan binaan dinding luar rumah, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 4.3: Percentage distribution of poor households by type of outer wall building materials, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Batu Batu dan papan Papan Jumlah

Negeri Brick Brick and plank Plank Total



MALAYSIA 32.8 43.9 24.2 23.6 16.4 29.1 43.6 39.7 46.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

Johor 55.0 68.4 33.3 35.4 26.3 50.0 9.6 5.3 16.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kedah 46.4 35.9 54.3 47.5 51.0 44.9 6.1 13.1 0.8 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kelantan 24.9 15.3 28.7 39.1 53.4 33.5 36.0 31.3 37.8 100.0 100.0 100.0

Melaka 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 -

Negeri Sembilan 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pahang 44.2 63.6 28.6 35.8 18.2 50.0 20.0 18.2 21.4 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pulau Pinang 68.0 88.9 19.9 32.0 11.1 80.1 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perak 36.2 50.0 24.0 53.1 36.4 68.0 10.7 13.6 8.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perlis 54.7 75.0 50.0 45.3 25.0 50.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Selangor 74.3 100.0 44.4 15.4 - 33.4 10.3 - 22.2 100.0 100.0 100.0

Terengganu 25.3 23.8 26.8 32.2 21.0 43.5 42.5 55.2 29.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sabah 14.7 18.9 11.7 9.5 4.6 12.9 75.8 76.5 75.4 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sarawak 27.9 31.6 26.6 19.8 8.2 23.8 52.3 60.2 49.6 100.0 100.0 100.0


W.P. Labuan 44.1 50.0 40.2 - - - 55.9 50.0 59.8 100.0 100.0 100.0


Jadual 4.4: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jenis bekalan air, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 4.4: Percentage distribution of poor households by type of water supply, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Air paip dalam rumah Air paip awam Lain-lain Jumlah

Negeri Piped water inside house Public water stand pipe Others Total



MALAYSIA 71.5 90.7 56.6 1.0 1.8 0.4 27.5 7.5 43.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Johor 93.6 94.7 91.7 3.2 5.3 - 3.2 - 8.3 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kedah 92.6 89.5 95.1 2.3 5.2 - 5.1 5.3 4.9 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kelantan 43.7 32.6 47.9 - - - 56.3 67.4 52.1 100.0 100.0 100.0

Melaka 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 -

Negeri Sembilan 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pahang 96.0 100.0 92.9 - - - 4.0 - 7.1 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pulau Pinang 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perak 93.6 95.5 92.0 - - - 6.4 4.5 8.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perlis 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Selangor 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Terengganu 81.2 100.0 62.1 - - - 18.8 - 37.9 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sabah 55.4 89.8 31.5 1.3 2.5 0.4 43.3 7.7 68.1 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sarawak 64.8 94.9 54.3 0.7 - 0.9 34.5 5.1 44.8 100.0 100.0 100.0


W.P. Labuan 75.7 100.0 59.8 24.3 - 40.2 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0


Jadual 4.5: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut kemudahan bekalan elektrik, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 4.5: Percentage distribution of poor households by accessibility to electricity supply, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Kemudahan bekalan elektrik Tiada bekalan elektrik Jumlah

Negeri Accessible to electricity No electricity Total



MALAYSIA 94.2 98.9 90.7 5.8 1.1 9.3 100.0 100.0 100.0

Johor 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kedah 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kelantan 98.9 100.0 98.5 1.1 - 1.5 100.0 100.0 100.0

Melaka 100.0 100.0 - - - - 100.0 100.0 -

Negeri Sembilan 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pahang 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pulau Pinang 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perak 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perlis 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Selangor 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Terengganu 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sabah 89.9 98.0 85.3 10.1 2.0 14.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sarawak 83.9 94.9 80.1 16.1 5.1 19.9 100.0 100.0 100.0


W.P. Labuan 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0


Jadual 4.6: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jenis kemudahan tandas yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 4.6: Percentage distribution of poor households by type of toilet used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Tandas tarik Tandas curah/siram Lain-lain Jumlah

Negeri Flush toilet Pour flush Others Total



MALAYSIA 31.6 48.1 18.7 55.2 39.4 67.5 13.2 12.5 13.8 100.0 100.0 100.0

Johor 61.5 79.0 33.3 38.5 21.0 66.7 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kedah 12.5 19.9 6.9 87.5 80.1 93.1 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kelantan 23.0 43.1 15.1 75.9 56.9 83.4 1.1 - 1.5 100.0 100.0 100.0

Melaka 50.0 50.0 - 50.0 50.0 - - - - 100.0 100.0 -

Negeri Sembilan 100.0 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pahang 48.1 63.7 35.7 47.9 36.3 57.2 4.0 - 7.1 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pulau Pinang 60.2 77.8 19.9 39.8 22.2 80.1 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perak 40.5 59.1 24.0 59.5 40.9 76.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perlis 5.0 - 6.2 95.0 100.0 93.8 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Selangor 69.2 100.0 33.3 30.8 - 66.7 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Terengganu 35.7 39.8 31.4 64.3 60.2 68.6 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sabah 18.3 23.8 14.5 50.7 44.3 55.3 31.0 31.9 30.2 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sarawak 22.8 35.5 18.3 70.1 54.2 75.6 7.1 10.3 6.1 100.0 100.0 100.0


W.P. Labuan 44.1 50.0 40.2 55.9 50.0 59.8 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0


Jadual 4.7: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke pusat kesihatan awam dan swasta, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 4.7: Percentage distribution of poor households by distance from living quarters to the nearest public and private health centres, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Negeri Jumlah Kurang 5−9 km Lebih dari Jumlah Kurang 5−9 km Lebih dariState dari 5 km 9 km dari 5 km 9 km


JUMLAH/TOTAL

MALAYSIA 100.0 65.9 12.9 21.2 100.0 55.3 11.0 33.7

Johor 100.0 67.9 12.8 19.3 100.0 77.6 12.8 9.6

Kedah 100.0 74.4 19.5 6.1 100.0 64.7 24.5 10.8

Kelantan 100.0 73.5 12.3 14.2 100.0 52.2 19.0 28.8

Melaka 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -

Negeri Sembilan 100.0 56.5 29.0 14.5 100.0 86.3 - 13.7

Pahang 100.0 79.9 12.2 7.9 100.0 56.1 12.1 31.8

Pulau Pinang 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -

Perak 100.0 83.0 8.5 8.5 100.0 66.1 6.4 27.5

Perlis 100.0 59.8 30.4 9.8 100.0 45.3 35.1 19.6

Selangor 100.0 57.7 16.1 26.2 100.0 84.6 5.1 10.3

Terengganu 100.0 81.4 12.8 5.8 100.0 63.9 12.7 23.4

Sabah 100.0 59.5 12.1 28.4 100.0 45.7 9.9 44.4

Sarawak 100.0 45.0 16.7 38.3 100.0 29.4 8.2 62.4

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -

W.P. Labuan 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 19.8 - 80.2




Jadual 4.7: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke pusat kesihatan awam dan swasta, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 4.7: Percentage distribution of poor households by distance from living quarters to the nearest public and private health centres, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)

(%)



BANDAR/URBAN

MALAYSIA 100.0 79.4 10.8 9.8 100.0 87.6 7.4 5.0

Johor 100.0 84.2 - 15.8 100.0 94.7 5.3 -

Kedah 100.0 77.7 15.1 7.2 100.0 93.7 6.3 -

Kelantan 100.0 92.0 - 8.0 100.0 90.7 - 9.3

Melaka 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -

Negeri Sembilan 100.0 40.0 40.0 20.0 100.0 100.0 - -

Pahang 100.0 72.7 27.3 - 100.0 63.6 27.3 9.1

Pulau Pinang 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -

Perak 100.0 86.4 9.1 4.5 100.0 90.9 9.1 -

Perlis 100.0 75.0 - 25.0 100.0 25.0 25.0 50.0

Selangor 100.0 50.0 30.0 20.0 100.0 100.0 - -

Terengganu 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -

Sabah 100.0 76.0 11.4 12.6 100.0 81.6 8.7 9.7

Sarawak 100.0 71.5 17.6 10.9 100.0 78.6 17.3 4.1

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -

W.P. Labuan 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 50.0 - 50.0




Jadual 4.7: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke pusat kesihatan awam dan swasta, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 4.7: Percentage distribution of poor households by distance from living quarters to the nearest public and private health centres, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)

(%)



LUAR BANDAR/RURAL

MALAYSIA 100.0 55.5 14.5 30.0 100.0 30.3 13.7 56.0

Johor 100.0 41.7 33.3 25.0 100.0 50.0 25.0 25.0

Kedah 100.0 71.9 22.8 5.3 100.0 42.5 38.4 19.1

Kelantan 100.0 66.3 17.1 16.6 100.0 37.1 26.4 36.5

Melaka - - - - - - - -

Negeri Sembilan 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 50.0 - 50.0

Pahang 100.0 85.7 - 14.3 100.0 50.0 - 50.0

Pulau Pinang 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -

Perak 100.0 80.0 8.0 12.0 100.0 44.0 4.0 52.0

Perlis 100.0 56.3 37.5 6.2 100.0 50.0 37.5 12.5

Selangor 100.0 66.7 - 33.3 100.0 66.7 11.1 22.2

Terengganu 100.0 62.6 25.6 11.8 100.0 27.5 25.5 47.0

Sabah 100.0 47.9 12.7 39.4 100.0 20.6 10.7 68.7

Sarawak 100.0 35.7 16.4 47.9 100.0 12.4 5.0 82.6


W.P. Labuan 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 - - 100.0




Jadual 4.8: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke sekolah rendah dan sekolah menengah kerajaan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 4.8: Percentage distribution of poor households by distance from living quarters to the nearest government primary and secondary school, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Negeri Jumlah Kurang dari 5−9 km Lebih Jumlah Kurang dari 5−9 km LebihState 5 km dari 9 km 5 km dari 9 km


JUMLAH/TOTAL

MALAYSIA 100.0 91.4 4.6 4.0 100.0 65.5 12.8 21.7

Johor 100.0 93.6 6.4 - 100.0 87.2 6.4 6.4

Kedah 100.0 98.0 2.0 - 100.0 80.1 19.1 0.8

Kelantan 100.0 98.0 1.0 1.0 100.0 78.3 13.8 7.9

Melaka 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 50.0 50.0 -

Negeri Sembilan 100.0 85.5 14.5 - 100.0 71.8 28.2 -

Pahang 100.0 88.0 8.0 4.0 100.0 76.1 16.0 7.9

Pulau Pinang 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -

Perak 100.0 97.9 2.1 - 100.0 76.6 12.7 10.7

Perlis 100.0 75.0 25.0 - 100.0 64.9 30.4 4.7

Selangor 100.0 84.6 - 15.4 100.0 84.6 - 15.4

Terengganu 100.0 97.7 2.3 - 100.0 83.1 7.1 9.8

Sabah 100.0 89.1 5.9 5.0 100.0 54.0 13.8 32.2

Sarawak 100.0 84.9 6.0 9.1 100.0 35.7 15.6 48.7

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -

W.P. Labuan 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 88.1 11.9 -




Jadual 4.8: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke sekolah rendah dan sekolah menengah kerajaan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 4.8: Percentage distribution of poor households by distance from living quarters to the nearest government primary and secondary school, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)

(%)



BANDAR/URBAN

MALAYSIA 100.0 95.3 3.6 1.1 100.0 86.2 10.0 3.8

Johor 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 94.7 - 5.3

Kedah 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 93.7 6.3 -

Kelantan 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 96.2 3.8 -

Melaka 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 50.0 50.0 -

Negeri Sembilan 100.0 80.0 20.0 - 100.0 80.0 20.0 -

Pahang 100.0 90.9 9.1 100.0 81.8 18.2

Pulau Pinang 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -

Perak 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 86.4 4.5 9.1

Perlis 100.0 75.0 25.0 - 100.0 75.0 - 25.0

Selangor 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -

Terengganu 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 91.3 8.7 -

Sabah 100.0 90.6 6.3 3.1 100.0 78.7 14.9 6.4

Sarawak 100.0 94.0 6.0 - 100.0 73.1 25.4 1.5

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -

W.P. Labuan 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -




Jadual 4.8: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut jarak terdekat dari tempat kediaman ke sekolah rendah dan sekolah menengah kerajaan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 4.8: Percentage distribution of poor households by distance from living quarters to the nearest government primary and secondary school, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)

(%)



LUAR BANDAR/RURAL

MALAYSIA 100.0 88.3 5.4 6.3 100.0 49.5 14.9 35.6

Johor 100.0 83.3 16.7 - 100.0 75.0 16.7 8.3

Kedah 100.0 96.4 3.6 - 100.0 69.8 28.9 1.3

Kelantan 100.0 97.1 1.4 1.5 100.0 71.3 17.7 11.0

Melaka - - - - - - - -

Negeri Sembilan 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 50.0 50.0 -

Pahang 100.0 85.7 7.2 7.1 100.0 71.4 14.3 14.3

Pulau Pinang 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 100.0 - -

Perak 100.0 96.0 4.0 - 100.0 68.0 20.0 12.0

Perlis 100.0 75.0 25.0 - 100.0 62.5 37.5 -

Selangor 100.0 66.7 - 33.3 100.0 66.7 - 33.3

Terengganu 100.0 95.3 4.7 - 100.0 74.8 5.5 19.7

Sabah 100.0 88.1 5.5 6.4 100.0 36.7 13.1 50.2

Sarawak 100.0 81.7 6.0 12.3 100.0 22.7 12.2 65.1


W.P. Labuan 100.0 100.0 - - 100.0 80.3 19.7 -




Jadual 4.9: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut bilangan bilik tidur, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 4.9: Percentage distribution of poor households by number of bedrooms, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Tiada Satu Dua

Negeri None One Two



MALAYSIA 4.5 3.4 5.4 16.5 13.3 19.0 35.1 37.0 33.5

Johor - - - 3.2 - 8.3 48.3 42.1 58.3

Kedah 6.3 6.3 6.4 22.1 22.7 21.7 15.7 11.5 18.8

Kelantan 5.0 8.0 3.8 17.7 3.5 23.3 38.6 61.7 29.6

Melaka - - - - - - 50.0 50.0 -

Negeri Sembilan - - - - - - 28.2 20.0 50.0

Pahang 3.9 - 7.2 8.0 9.1 7.1 48.0 45.5 50.0

Pulau Pinang - - - 7.7 11.0 - 37.0 44.5 19.9

Perak 2.1 - 4.0 12.8 9.1 16.0 38.3 31.8 44.0

Perlis - - - - - - 39.9 50.0 37.5

Selangor - - - - - - 26.4 30.0 22.2

Terengganu 4.3 - 8.6 15.6 13.4 17.9 33.6 28.3 38.9

Sabah 6.2 6.8 5.8 22.0 20.8 22.8 34.4 35.0 33.9

Sarawak 6.6 0.8 8.6 22.2 26.6 20.7 30.5 39.0 27.6

W.P. Kuala Lumpur - - n.a. - - n.a. 60.0 60.0 n.a.

W.P. Labuan - - - 24.2 - - - - -


Jadual 4.9: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut bilangan bilik tidur, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 4.9: Percentage distribution of poor households by number of bedrooms, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)

(%)

Tiga Empat dan lebih Jumlah

Negeri Three Four and more Total



MALAYSIA 34.4 37.8 31.8 9.5 8.5 10.3 100.0 100.0 100.0

Johor 35.6 42.1 25.0 12.9 15.8 8.4 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kedah 40.6 32.4 46.8 15.3 27.1 6.3 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kelantan 31.6 23.0 35.0 7.1 3.8 8.3 100.0 100.0 100.0

Melaka 50.0 50.0 - - - - 100.0 100.0 -

Negeri Sembilan 71.8 80.0 50.0 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pahang 28.1 36.3 21.4 12.0 9.1 14.3 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pulau Pinang 55.3 44.5 80.1 - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perak 40.4 45.5 36.0 6.4 13.6 - 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perlis 55.1 50.0 56.3 5.0 - 6.2 100.0 100.0 100.0

Selangor 68.5 70.0 66.7 5.1 - 11.1 100.0 100.0 100.0

Terengganu 37.9 47.7 28.1 8.6 10.6 6.5 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sabah 27.0 30.0 24.9 10.4 7.4 12.6 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sarawak 29.4 29.9 29.2 11.3 3.7 13.9 100.0 100.0 100.0


W.P. Labuan 44.1 50.0 - 31.7 50.0 - 100.0 100.0 -


Jadual 4.10: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut kemudahan kutipan sampah, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 4.10: Percentage distribution of poor households by garbage collection facility, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)

Tempat kediaman Kawasan 1 Tiada Jumlah

Negeri Living quarters Area None Total



MALAYSIA 15.1 28.1 5.1 20.1 30.0 12.5 64.8 41.9 82.4 100.0 100.0 100.0

Johor 42.1 63.1 8.3 16.2 21.1 8.3 41.7 15.8 83.4 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kedah 2.7 6.3 - 16.8 24.3 11.1 80.5 69.4 88.9 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kelantan - - - 15.6 31.0 9.6 84.4 69.0 90.4 100.0 100.0 100.0

Melaka 100.0 100.0 - - - - - - - 100.0 100.0 -

Negeri Sembilan 71.7 79.9 49.8 14.5 20.1 - 13.8 - 50.2 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pahang 28.0 27.3 28.6 32.0 36.3 28.5 40.0 36.4 42.9 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pulau Pinang 21.5 22.2 19.9 56.9 55.6 60.0 21.6 22.2 20.1 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perak 32.0 54.5 12.0 17.1 27.3 8.0 50.9 18.2 80.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Perlis - - - 30.4 - 37.5 69.6 100.0 62.5 100.0 100.0 100.0

Selangor 42.8 70.0 11.1 36.7 30.0 44.4 20.5 - 44.5 100.0 100.0 100.0

Terengganu 2.3 - 4.7 57.1 72.5 41.5 40.6 27.5 53.8 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sabah 2.7 4.8 1.2 10.1 22.8 1.2 87.2 72.4 97.6 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sarawak 17.0 46.1 6.9 31.1 52.4 23.7 51.9 1.5 69.4 100.0 100.0 100.0


W.P. Labuan - - - 88.1 100.0 80.3 11.9 - 19.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

1 Kutipan sampah di tempat pengumpulan yang jaraknya melebihi 100 meter dari tempat kediaman Garbage collection at the collection centre located more than 100 metres from living quarters


Jadual 4.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 4.11: Percentage distribution of poor households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012

(%)


scooter machine

JUMLAH/TOTAL

MALAYSIA 27.4 52.3 24.9 3.1 62.4 78.7

Johor 41.9 77.5 38.9 9.6 83.9 90.4

Kedah 38.0 85.2 34.6 0.5 76.8 98.1

Kelantan 40.0 88.1 41.2 2.1 84.9 81.1

Melaka 50.0 100.0 50.0 - 100.0 100.0

Negeri Sembilan 43.5 71.8 - 14.5 71.8 86.3

Pahang 31.9 84.1 35.9 4.1 80.0 88.0

Pulau Pinang 27.6 55.2 55.2 - 70.7 86.2

Perak 46.8 93.6 61.7 6.4 78.8 93.6

Perlis 55.1 90.2 55.7 4.7 69.9 100.0

Selangor 25.7 62.6 26.2 5.1 94.6 94.9

Terengganu 23.9 86.0 43.5 1.6 87.7 87.2

Sabah 17.3 16.3 8.9 1.5 42.8 66.3

Sarawak 16.5 58.0 18.4 2.3 43.4 69.9

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 40.0 40.0 - 10.0 90.0 95.0

W.P. Labuan 51.5 24.3 19.8 - 68.3 80.2


Jadual 4.11: Taburan peratus isi rumah miskin mengikut peralatan yang digunakan, negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012 (samb.)Table 4.11: Percentage distribution of poor households by items used, state and strata, Malaysia, 2012 (cont'd)

(%)

Dapur masak Dapur Dapur Ketuhar PenapisNegeri gas/elektrik minyak tanah kayu/arang gelombang mikro airState Gas/electric Kerosene Wood/ Microwave oven Water filter

stove stove charcoal stove

JUMLAH/TOTAL

MALAYSIA 94.8 3.3 13.3 4.3 4.1

Johor 93.6 3.3 - 6.5 -

Kedah 95.9 2.0 3.6 2.6 2.3

Kelantan 94.6 2.4 11.9 2.1 1.2

Melaka 100.0 - - - 50.0

Negeri Sembilan 86.3 - 13.7 - -

Pahang 96.0 16.1 7.9 4.1 12.0

Pulau Pinang 100.0 - - 7.7 15.5

Perak 95.7 4.2 4.3 6.4 8.5

Perlis 95.0 - 10.2 10.2 14.9

Selangor 100.0 - - 5.4 -

Terengganu 96.6 7.2 13.3 4.4 16.1

Sabah 94.3 2.4 15.7 3.4 2.2

Sarawak 92.6 4.3 39.1 4.7 4.0

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 95.0 - - 10.0 5.0

W.P. Labuan 100.0 19.8 - 11.9 -



(%)

Komputer Komputer Tablet Langganan Telefon bimbit/ TelefonNegeri peribadi riba internet Telefon pintar talian tetapState Personal Laptop Tablet Internet Mobile phone/ Fixed-line

computer subscription smart phone telephone

JUMLAH/TOTAL

MALAYSIA 3.0 16.0 0.2 2.8 90.0 5.7

Johor 9.7 6.5 - 6.5 84.0 19.3

Kedah - 17.3 - - 95.4 -

Kelantan 1.0 5.0 - 2.2 88.0 7.4

Melaka 50.0 - - - 100.0 -

Negeri Sembilan - - - - 85.5 -

Pahang - 36.0 - 4.1 96.0 4.1

Pulau Pinang 7.7 - - - 86.2 -

Perak 2.1 12.8 - 6.4 85.1 19.1

Perlis - 20.2 - 5.0 85.5 9.8

Selangor 5.1 5.4 - 5.1 94.6 5.1

Terengganu 5.4 26.5 - 7.6 87.0 8.5

Sabah 1.4 18.7 0.4 1.1 89.6 2.6

Sarawak 6.2 22.1 0.4 1.7 92.2 4.2

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 5.0 5.0 - 10.0 100.0 -

W.P. Labuan - 19.8 - - 100.0 19.8



(%)

Kamera/Video Radio/Hi-fi Pemain Video/ Televisyen Siaran TVNegeri digital VCD/DVD berbayarState Digital camera/ Video/VCD/ Television Paid TV


JUMLAH/TOTAL

MALAYSIA 1.7 47.7 37.7 90.4 17.2

Johor - 77.5 32.3 100.0 9.7

Kedah - 51.6 23.0 93.6 3.0

Kelantan 0.6 56.9 32.8 92.9 15.0

Melaka - 100.0 - 100.0 50.0

Negeri Sembilan - 58.0 43.5 100.0 29.0

Pahang 12.1 68.1 32.2 100.0 31.9

Pulau Pinang - 55.3 35.3 100.0 31.0

Perak 4.3 61.7 34.1 95.7 10.6

Perlis 4.7 50.0 45.2 100.0 10.2

Selangor - 31.5 15.9 94.6 21.0

Terengganu - 53.2 14.7 98.3 14.1

Sabah 1.0 32.5 44.9 82.2 22.0

Sarawak 1.3 56.5 44.7 91.7 4.1

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 10.0 55.0 55.0 100.0 40.0

W.P. Labuan - 36.1 36.1 100.0 80.2



(%)


scooter machine

BANDAR/URBAN

MALAYSIA 27.4 48.1 25.6 3.7 76.5 85.4

Johor 42.1 84.2 52.6 5.3 89.5 94.7

Kedah 32.2 70.5 48.2 - 76.9 95.7

Kelantan 41.6 84.0 57.9 - 100.0 84.0

Melaka 50.0 100.0 50.0 - 100.0 100.0

Negeri Sembilan 60.0 80.0 - 20.0 80.0 100.0

Pahang 27.3 90.9 27.3 9.1 81.8 90.9

Pulau Pinang 22.2 44.4 44.4 - 66.7 88.9

Perak 45.5 90.9 59.1 9.1 90.9 95.5

Perlis 50.0 75.0 - 25.0 75.0 100.0

Selangor - 40.0 20.0 - 90.0 100.0

Terengganu 15.4 91.3 35.2 - 91.3 91.3

Sabah 19.0 11.1 7.1 2.8 62.5 74.7

Sarawak 24.4 48.3 18.8 - 64.9 74.2

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 40.0 40.0 - 10.0 90.0 95.0

W.P. Labuan 100.0 - 50.0 - 50.0 50.0



(%)



BANDAR/URBAN

MALAYSIA 96.0 2.6 4.4 7.5 5.2

Johor 100.0 5.3 - 10.5 -

Kedah 95.7 - 4.3 4.3 -

Kelantan 100.0 3.8 10.3 3.8 -

Melaka 100.0 - - - 50.0

Negeri Sembilan 100.0 - - - -

Pahang 100.0 27.3 - 9.1 9.1

Pulau Pinang 100.0 - - 11.1 22.2

Perak 95.5 - 4.5 13.6 18.2

Perlis 100.0 - - 0.0 25.0

Selangor 100.0 - - 10.0 -

Terengganu 100.0 - 5.5 8.7 8.7

Sabah 94.2 1.9 4.9 5.3 2.3

Sarawak 87.4 - 17.4 8.7 9.2

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 95.0 - - 10.0 5.0

W.P. Labuan 100.0 50.0 - - -



(%)



BANDAR/URBAN

MALAYSIA 3.8 18.6 - 4.2 92.3 6.8

Johor 10.5 10.5 - 10.5 94.7 15.8

Kedah - 28.5 - - 89.3 -

Kelantan - 3.8 - 8.0 84.0 16.0

Melaka 50.0 - - - 100.0 -


Pahang - 36.3 - 9.1 100.0 9.1

Pulau Pinang 11.1 - - - 88.9 -

Perak - 9.1 - 4.5 86.4 18.2

Perlis - - - - 50.0 25.0

Selangor - 10.0 - - 90.0 -

Terengganu - 18.8 - 8.7 80.9 13.6

Sabah 1.6 24.5 - 1.6 93.9 3.0

Sarawak 19.3 34.7 - 6.7 100.0 10.9

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 5.0 5.0 - 10.0 100.0 -

W.P. Labuan - 50.0 - - 100.0 50.0



(%)



BANDAR/URBAN

MALAYSIA 2.5 51.4 42.6 93.1 19.7

Johor - 84.2 36.8 100.0 15.8

Kedah - 45.3 16.3 90.4 5.2

Kelantan - 61.1 53.1 89.7 23.3

Melaka - 100.0 - 100.0 50.0

Negeri Sembilan - 80.0 60.0 100.0 40.0

Pahang 18.2 72.7 45.5 100.0 27.3

Pulau Pinang - 44.5 33.3 100.0 44.5

Perak 9.1 68.2 40.9 95.5 13.6

Perlis 25.0 50.0 25.0 100.0 -

Selangor - 30.0 20.0 90.0 20.0

Terengganu - 50.8 10.0 100.0 4.7

Sabah 0.7 38.5 54.0 88.2 21.7

Sarawak - 51.8 40.7 94.9 -

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 10.0 55.0 55.0 100.0 40.0

W.P. Labuan - - - 100.0 50.0



(%)


scooter machine

LUAR BANDAR/RURAL

MALAYSIA 27.1 55.6 24.3 2.6 51.4 73.5

Johor 41.7 66.7 16.7 16.7 75.0 83.3

Kedah 42.5 96.4 24.3 0.8 76.8 100.0

Kelantan 39.4 89.7 34.7 2.9 79.0 79.9

Melaka - - - - - -

Negeri Sembilan - 50.0 - - 50.0 50.0

Pahang 35.7 78.6 42.9 - 78.6 85.7

Pulau Pinang 40.0 80.1 80.0 - 80.1 80.1

Perak 48.0 96.0 64.0 4.0 68.0 92.0

Perlis 56.3 93.8 68.7 - 68.7 100.0

Selangor 55.6 88.9 33.3 11.1 100.0 88.9

Terengganu 32.4 80.8 51.8 3.2 84.0 83.0

Sabah 16.1 20.0 10.1 0.6 29.1 60.4

Sarawak 13.7 61.3 18.3 3.1 35.9 68.4


W.P. Labuan 19.7 40.2 - - 80.3 100.0



(%)



LUAR BANDAR/RURAL

MALAYSIA 93.9 3.8 20.2 1.8 3.2

Johor 83.3 - - - -

Kedah 96.0 3.6 3.0 1.4 4.0

Kelantan 92.5 1.8 12.5 1.5 1.7

Melaka - - - - -

Negeri Sembilan 50.0 - 50.0 - -

Pahang 92.9 7.1 14.3 - 14.3

Pulau Pinang 100.0 - - - -

Perak 96.0 8.0 4.0 - -

Perlis 93.8 - 12.5 12.5 12.5

Selangor 100.0 - - - -

Terengganu 93.3 14.5 21.2 - 23.6

Sabah 94.4 2.7 23.2 2.0 2.2

Sarawak 94.4 5.8 46.7 3.3 2.2


W.P. Labuan 100.0 - - 19.7 -



(%)



LUAR BANDAR/RURAL

MALAYSIA 2.3 14.0 0.4 1.7 88.3 4.9

Johor 8.3 - - - 66.7 25.0

Kedah - 8.8 - - 100.0 -

Kelantan 1.4 5.5 - - 89.5 4.1

Melaka - - - - - -


Pahang - 35.7 - - 92.9 -

Pulau Pinang - - - - 80.0 -

Perak 4.0 16.0 - 8.0 84.0 20.0

Perlis - 25.0 - 6.2 93.8 6.2

Selangor 11.1 - - 11.1 100.0 11.1

Terengganu 10.9 34.3 - 6.5 93.3 3.2

Sabah 1.2 14.6 0.7 0.8 86.6 2.3

Sarawak 1.6 17.7 0.6 - 89.5 1.8


W.P. Labuan - - - - 100.0 -



(%)



LUAR BANDAR/RURAL

MALAYSIA 1.1 44.8 33.9 88.3 15.3

Johor - 66.7 25.0 100.0 -

Kedah - 56.3 28.0 96.0 1.4

Kelantan 0.9 55.3 24.9 94.1 11.8

Melaka - - - - -

Negeri Sembilan - - - 100.0 -

Pahang 7.1 64.3 21.4 100.0 35.7

Pulau Pinang - 80.1 40.0 100.0 -

Perak - 56.0 28.0 96.0 8.0

Perlis - 50.0 49.9 100.0 12.5

Selangor - 33.3 11.1 100.0 22.2

Terengganu - 55.7 19.6 96.5 23.7

Sabah 1.1 28.4 38.6 78.1 22.2

Sarawak 1.8 58.2 46.1 90.6 5.5


W.P. Labuan - 59.8 59.8 100.0 100.0


JADUAL RALAT PIAWAI TABLES OF STANDARD ERROR

Jadual 5.1: Ralat piawai bagi anggaran pendapatan isi rumah bulanan purata mengikut kumpulan etnik dan strata, Malaysia, 2012Table 5.1: Standard error of estimates for mean monthly household income by ethnic group and strata, Malaysia, 2012

Pendapatan Julat pendapatan isi rumah purata pada 95%

Kumpulan etnik bulanan purata Nilai relatif Nilai mutlak selang keyakinanEthnic group Mean monthly Relative value Absolute value Range of average

household income at 95%income confidence interval (RM) (%) (RM) (RM)

JUMLAH/TOTAL

Jumlah/Total 5,000 0.6 29 4,943 – 5,057

Bumiputera 4,457 0.7 30 4,398 – 4,516

Cina/Chinese 6,366 1.2 74 6,221 – 6,511

India/Indians 5,233 2.8 147 4,945 – 5,521

Lain-lain/Others 3,843 8.7 336 3,184 – 4,502

BANDAR/URBAN

Jumlah/Total 5,742 0.7 40 5,664 – 5,820

Bumiputera 5,301 0.8 45 5,213 – 5,389

Cina/Chinese 6,622 1.2 80 6,465 – 6,779

India/Indians 5,491 3.0 164 5,170 – 5,812

Lain-lain/Others 5,323 11.9 633 4,082 – 6,564

LUAR BANDAR/RURAL

Jumlah/Total 3,080 0.7 23 3,035 – 3,125

Bumiputera 3,010 0.8 24 2,963 – 3,057

Cina/Chinese 3,806 2.8 108 3,594 – 4,018

India/Indians 3,271 4.2 139 2,999 – 3,543

Lain-lain/Others 2,432 5.3 128 2,181 – 2,683

Ralat piawai bagi anggaranStandard error of estimate


NOTA TEKNIKAL TECHNICAL NOTES

2012 Nota Teknikal

Technical Notes


1. Pendahuluan

Penyiasatan Pendapatan Isi Rumah dan

Kemudahan Asas (PPIR/KA) 2012 merupakan

penyiasatan pendapatan terkini yang dijalankan

oleh Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia selepas

penyiasatan terakhir pada tahun 2009.

Penyiasatan ini dijalankan dua kali dalam tempoh

lima tahun. Penerbitan ini menyediakan data

pendapatan, kemiskinan dan kemudahan asas di

peringkat nasional dan negeri bagi warganegara

sahaja.

1. Introduction

The Household Income and Basic Amenities Survey

(HIS/BA) 2012 is the latest income survey carried

out by the Department of Statistics, Malaysia after

the last survey in 2009. The survey is implemented

twice in five years. This publication provides data

on income, poverty and basic amenities at national

and state levels for citizens only.

2. Objektif penyiasatan

2.1 Objektif utama penyiasatan adalah seperti

berikut:

• Mengumpul maklumat pola taburan

pendapatan isi rumah;

• Mengenal pasti golongan miskin; dan

• Mengenal pasti tahap kemudahan asas

yang dinikmati oleh isi rumah miskin.

2. Objective of survey

2.1 The main objectives of the survey are as

follows:

• collect information on income distribution

pattern of households;

• identify the poverty groups; and

• identify the accessibility of basic amenities by

poor households.

2.2 Data daripada penyiasatan ini digunakan

oleh kerajaan sebagai input dalam

pembentukan pelan pembangunan Negara

terutamanya bagi penyediaan Rancangan

Malaysia Kesepuluh.

2.2 Data from this survey are used by the

government as inputs for the formulation of

national development plan especially in

preparing for Tenth Malaysia Plan.

3. Kaedah pengumpulan data 3. Method of data collection

3.1 Pengumpulan data dijalankan dengan

menggunakan kaedah temu ramah

bersemuka. Pegawai dan anggota Jabatan

yang terlibat dalam penyiasatan

ini diberikan latihan khusus sebagai

3.1 Data collection was carried out using the

personal interview approach. Officers and

staff of the Department who were involved in

this survey were given special training as

99

2012 Nota Teknikal

Technical Notes


penemu ramah. Mereka akan melawat isi

rumah (IR) di tempat kediaman terpilih

bagi mengumpul maklumat berkaitan

demografi, pendapatan dan kemudahan

asas dengan menggunakan borang soal

selidik.

interviewers. They visited selected

households (HH) to collect information on

demography, income and basic amenities

using a set of questionnaires.

3.2 Penyemakan kerja luar dibuat oleh

pegawai berpengalaman dari Jabatan

Perangkaan Negeri bagi mengesan dan

membetulkan sebarang kesilapan atau

maklumat yang tertinggal ketika

penyiasatan. Di samping itu, temu ramah

ulangan bagi sesetengah isi rumah terpilih

dilaksanakan bagi memastikan kualiti data

yang dipungut.

3.2 Field checks were done by experienced

officers from the Department of Statistics’

State Office to detect and rectify errors or

omission of cases which occurred during the

survey. In addition, re-interviews of certain

selected households were done to ensure the

quality of data collected.

4. Tempoh rujukan

Tempoh rujukan bagi maklumat pendapatan isi

rumah adalah bagi tempoh dua belas bulan yang

lalu. Sebagai contohnya, jika bulan penyiasatan

ialah Julai 2012, maka pendapatan yang dikira

adalah dari 1 Julai 2011 sehingga 30 Jun 2012.

Tempoh PPIR/KA 2012 adalah berbeza

berbanding dengan penyiasatan yang lepas di

mana PPIR/KA 2012 bermula pada bulan Julai

2012 dan berakhir pada Disember 2012 manakala

PPIR/KA 2009 bermula pada bulan April 2009

dan berakhir pada Mac 2010.

4. Reference period

The reference period for the household income

information was for the last twelve months. For

example, if the survey month was July 2012, income

recorded will be those received from 1st July 2011

until 30th June 2012. The survey period for HIS/BA

2012 differed from that of the previous survey

whereby the HIS/BA 2012 started in July 2012 and

completed in December 2012 whereas HIS/BA 2009

commenced in April 2009 and ended in March 2010.

5. Liputan dan skop 5. Scope and coverage

5.1 Penyiasatan ini meliputi kedua-dua

kawasan bandar dan luar bandar bagi

negeri-negeri di Malaysia kecuali

Blok Penghitungan (BP) Orang Asli di

5.1 The survey covered both urban and

rural areas in Malaysia except the

Orang Asli Enumeration Blocks (EBs) in

100

2012 Nota Teknikal

Technical Notes


Semenanjung Malaysia. Pada

kebiasaannya, BP yang berada di kawasan

pedalaman tidak diliputi dalam rangka

pensampelan. Walau bagaimanapun, bagi

penyiasatan yang terkini, Jabatan telah

memperluaskan liputan penyiasatan

dengan melibatkan BP di kawasan ini.

Peninsular Malaysia. Usually, the EBs that

lie in the interior areas are not included in

the sampling frames. However, for the latest

survey, the Department expanded its

coverage to include these EBs.

5.2 Penyiasatan ini meliputi isi rumah yang

tinggal di tempat kediaman (TK)

persendirian sahaja. Isi rumah institusi

iaitu mereka yang tinggal di asrama, hotel,

hospital, rumah orang tua, berek tentera

dan polis, penjara, rumah kebajikan dan

institusi lain yang serupa tidak

dimasukkan dalam rangka penyiasatan.

5.2 The survey covered households staying in

private living quarters (LQs) only. The

institutional households, that is, those living

in hostels, hotels, hospitals, old folk’s homes,

military and police barracks, prisons, welfare

homes and other institutions were excluded

from the coverage of the survey.

5.3 Maklumat terperinci tentang pendapatan

diperoleh daripada ahli isi rumah yang

menerima pendapatan. Berdasarkan

kepada garis panduan “A Provisional

Framework for Household Income,

Consumption, Saving and Wealth” yang

diterbitkan oleh Australian Bureau of

Statistics (ABS) dan “Final Report and

Recommendations of the Expert Group on

the Household Income Statistics (The

Canberra Group 2001)”, punca pendapatan

adalah merangkumi:

5.3 Detailed information on income was

obtained from the household members who

are income recipients. Based on the “A

Provisional Framework for Household

Income, Consumption, Saving and Wealth”

published by Australian Bureau of Statistics

(ABS) and “Final Report and

Recommendations of the Expert Group on the

Household Income Statistics (The Canberra

Group 2001)”, the sources of income

comprise:

(i) penerimaan daripada pekerjaan

bergaji (termasuk upah dan gaji, elaun

tunai, bonus, komisen, bayaran kerja

lebih masa, makanan

percuma/konsesi, tempat menginap

(i) earnings from paid employment

(including wages and salaries, cash

allowances, bonuses, commissions,

overtime payments, free/concessional

food, free/concessional lodging,

101

2012 Nota Teknikal

Technical Notes


percuma/konsesi, barang pengguna

dan perkhidmatan percuma/konsesi,

bayaran berupa mata benda dan

pencaruman majikan kepada KWSP,

PERKESO);

free/concessional consumer goods and

services, payment in-kinds and

employer’s contributions to EPF,

SOCSO);

(ii) pendapatan daripada bekerja sendiri

(termasuk nilai barang yang

dikeluarkan di rumah untuk kegunaan

sendiri);

(ii) income from self-employment

(including value of home-produced

goods for own consumption);

(iii) pendapatan daripada harta

(termasuk royalti, sewaan, faedah dan

dividen);

(iii) property income (including royalties,

rents, interests and dividends);

(iv) pindahan semasa yang diterima

(termasuk penerimaan wang daripada

isi rumah lain, bayaran nafkah,

biasiswa / dermasiswa / fellowships,

pencen, pembayaran lain berkala yang

diterima dan hadiah berupa wang

tunai atau mata benda yang diterima);

dan

(iv) current transfers received (including

remittances, alimony, scholarships/

bursaries / fellowships, pensions, other

periodic payments received and gifts in

cash or in-kind); and

(v) lain-lain pendapatan (termasuk sewa

dinilai bagi rumah yang diduduki oleh

pemilik, hasil sewa daripada

rumah/harta lain dan sewa daripada

tempat menginap).

(v) other income (including imputed rent

of owner-occupied house, rental income

from house/other property and rent

from lodging).

5.4 Komponen kemudahan asas yang diliputi

adalah pendidikan, kesihatan, perumahan,

peralatan dan kemudahan isi rumah. Walau

bagaimanapun, bagi tujuan penerbitan,

hanya maklumat terpilih sahaja diberi

perhatian untuk menggambarkan tahap

5.4 The components of the basic amenities

covered were education, health, housing,

household appliances and amenities.

However, for the purpose of reporting, only

selected information was highlighted to show

102

2012 Nota Teknikal

Technical Notes


kemudahan asas yang dinikmati oleh

penduduk, khususnya isi rumah miskin.

the level of basic amenities enjoyed by the

population, especially the poor households.

(i) Pendidikan meliputi jarak institusi

pendidikan dari tempat kediaman.

Bagi kanak-kanak yang dalam

lingkungan umur bersekolah tetapi

tidak bersekolah, sebab utama mereka

tidak bersekolah akan ditanya;

(i) Education covers distance of

educational institution from the living

quarters. For school-going children who

were not schooling, main reasons for not

attending school were asked;

(ii) Kesihatan meliputi maklumat tentang

jarak institusi kesihatan kerajaan atau

swasta dari tempat kediaman;

(ii) Health covers information on distance of

government and private health

institutions from living quarters;

(iii) Perumahan meliputi maklumat

seperti jenis pemilikan, keadaan

rumah, bilangan bilik tidur, jenis

bahan binaan untuk dinding luar, jenis

tandas, kemudahan bekalan air,

kemudahan bekalan elektrik dan

kemudahan kutipan sampah; dan

(iii) Housing covers information on the type

of ownership, condition of building,

number of bedrooms, types of materials

for outer walls, types of toilets, water

supply, electricity supply and garbage

collection facilities; and

(iv) Peralatan dan kemudahan isi

rumah meliputi peralatan dan

kemudahan komunikasi yang dimiliki

oleh ahli isi rumah untuk kegunaan

sendiri seperti kereta, mesin basuh,

telefon, langganan internet dan

sebagainya.

(iv) Household appliances and amenities

cover equipment and communication

facilities owned by household members

for own use such as car, washing

machine, telephone, internet

subscription and others.

6. Rangka pensampelan 6. Sampling frame

6.1 Rangka yang digunakan bagi

pemilihan sampel PPIR/KA 2012

adalah berdasarkan Rangka Pensampelan

Isi Rumah yang terdiri daripada

6.1 The frame used for the selection of sample for

HIS/BA 2012 was based on the Household

Sampling Frame which was made up of

103

2012 Nota Teknikal

Technical Notes


Blok Penghitungan (BP) yang diwujudkan

untuk Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan

2010. BP dari segi geografi adalah suatu

kawasan muka bumi yang diwujudkan

secara rekaan dan mempunyai sempadan

tertentu. Secara purata, BP mengandungi

antara 80 hingga 120 TK. Pada amnya,

kesemua BP dibentuk di dalam lingkungan

sempadan yang diwartakan iaitu di dalam

daerah pentadbiran, mukim atau pihak

berkuasa tempatan.

Enumeration Blocks (EBs) created for the

2010 Population and Housing Census. EBs

are geographical contiguous areas of land

with identifiable boundaries. On average,

each EBs contains about 80 to 120 living

quarters. Generally, all EBs are formed

within gazetted boundaries i.e. within

administrative districts, mukim or local

authority areas.

6.2 BP dalam rangka pensampelan dikelaskan

mengikut kawasan bandar dan luar bandar.

Kawasan bandar ditakrif sebagaimana yang

telah digunakan dalam Banci Penduduk dan

Perumahan 2010. Kawasan bandar ialah

kawasan yang diwartakan serta kawasan

tepubina yang bersempadan dengannya dan

gabungan kedua-dua kawasan ini

mempunyai penduduk seramai 10,000

orang atau lebih.

6.2 The EBs in the sampling frame are also

classified by urban and rural areas. Urban

areas are as defined in the 2010 Population

and Housing Census. Urban areas are

gazetted areas with their adjoining built-up

areas which had a combined population of

10,000 or more.

Definisi kawasan bandar juga mengambil

kira kawasan pembangunan khusus iaitu

kawasan pembangunan yang tidak

diwartakan dan boleh dikenal pasti serta

terpisah dari kawasan yang diwartakan

atau kawasan tepubina melebihi 5 km dan

mempunyai penduduk sekurang-kurangnya

10,000 dengan 60 peratus penduduk

(berumur 15 tahun dan lebih) terlibat

dalam aktiviti bukan pertanian. Kawasan

selainnya yang diwartakan dan mempunyai

jumlah penduduk kurang daripada 10,000

orang serta kawasan yang tidak diwartakan

dikelaskan sebagai luar bandar.

The definition of urban areas also takes into

account the special development area

namely the development area which is not

gazetted and can be identified and separated

from the gazetted area or built-up area of

more than 5 km and a population of at least

10,000 with 60 per cent of the population

(aged 15 years and over) involved in non-

agricultural activities. All other gazetted

areas with a population of less than 10,000

persons and non-gazetted areas are classified

as rural.

104

2012 Nota Teknikal

Technical Notes


6.3 Kawasan tepubina didefinisikan sebagai

kawasan yang terletak bersebelahan

kawasan yang diwartakan dan mempunyai

sekurang-kurangnya 60 peratus penduduk

(berumur 15 tahun dan lebih) yang terlibat

dalam aktiviti bukan pertanian.

6.3 Built-up areas were defined as areas

contiguous to a gazetted area and had at

least 60 per cent of their population (aged 15

years and over) engaged in non-agricultural

activities.

6.4 Pembandaran merupakan satu proses yang

dinamik dan sentiasa berubah mengikut

kemajuan dan pembangunan. Oleh itu,

kawasan bandar bagi Banci tahun 2000 dan

2010 tidak semestinya merujuk kepada

kawasan yang sama kerana kawasan yang

memenuhi kriteria bandar akan terus

bertambah dan berkembang.

6.4 Urbanisation is a dynamic process and keeps

changing with development and growth.

Thus, the urban areas for the 2000 and 2010

Censuses do not necessarily refer to the same

areas, as areas fulfilling the above criteria of

urban continue to expand and grow.

6.5 Pengelasan kawasan mengikut strata yang digunakan adalah seperti berikut: The classification of area by strata is as follows:

6.6 Bagi tujuan pensampelan, pengelasan yang

luas seperti di atas adalah memadai untuk

semua negeri serta Wilayah Persekutuan.

Namun bagi Sabah dan Sarawak,

memandangkan masalah kesukaran untuk

akses ke kawasan pedalaman, strata luar

bandar dipecahkan lagi berdasarkan kepada

jangka waktu yang diambil untuk sampai ke

sesuatu tempat dari pusat bandar yang

terdekat.

6.6 For sampling purposes, the above broad

classification was found to be adequate for

all states and federal territories. However, for

Sabah and Sarawak, due to inaccessibility,

the rural strata had to be further stratified

based on the time taken to reach the area

from the nearest urban centre.

Strata

Jumlah penduduk dalam kawasan yang diwartakan dan tepubina

Population of gazetted and adjoining built-up areas (i) Metropolitan/Metropolitan

75,000 dan lebih 75,000 and above

(ii) Bandar Besar/Urban Large

10,000 hingga 74,999 10,000 to 74,999

(iii) Bandar Kecil/Urban Small

1,000 hingga 9,999 1,000 to 9,999

(iv) Luar Bandar/Rural

Kawasan selebihnya All other areas

105

2012 Nota Teknikal

Technical Notes


6.7 Bagi tujuan penjadualan, strata-strata

dicantumkan seperti berikut:

6.7 For purposes of tabulation by urban and

rural, the strata were combined as follows:

Bandar =Metropolitan + Bandar besar

Luar bandar =Bandar kecil + Keseluruhan

luar bandar

Urban= Metropolitan + Urban large

Rural = Urban small + All rural

7. Reka bentuk pensampelan

7. Sample design

7.1 Reka bentuk pensampelan berstrata dua

peringkat telah digunakan yang mana

pembentukan strata adalah seperti berikut:

7.1 A two-stage stratified sampling design was

adopted and the levels of stratification are as

follows:

Strata utama Primary strata

Strata kedua Secondary strata

(A) Johor, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Pulau Pinang, Perak, Perlis, Selangor, W.P. Kuala Lumpur, W.P. Labuan, W.P. Putrajaya

Terdiri daripada negeri seperti di (A) Made up of state as in (A)

terdiri daripada strata bandar dan luar bandar seperti yang dinyatakan di perkara 6.5 dan dibentuk dalam strata utama kecuali W.P. Kuala Lumpur dan W.P. Putrajaya yang tiada strata luar bandar made up of urban and rural as defined in para 6.5 and were formed within the primary strata except W.P. Kuala Lumpur and W.P. Putrajaya with no rural strata

(B) Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu, Sabah, Sarawak

Terdiri daripada negeri seperti di (B) Made up of state as in (B)

terdiri daripada daerah/residen (bagi negeri Sabah sahaja) dan dibentuk di dalam strata utama comprised district/resident (for Sabah only) and were formed within the primary strata

7.2 Sampel-sampel telah dipilih secara bebas

bagi setiap peringkat pada strata kedua.

Unit pensampelan peringkat pertama ialah

BP manakala unit pensampelan peringkat

kedua ialah TK dalam BP tersebut. TK

terpilih meliputi kesemua isi rumah dan

orang yang tinggal di dalamnya. Di setiap

7.2 Samples are drawn independently within

each level of the secondary strata. The units

for first stage sample selection are the EBs

while the second stage units are the LQs

within the EBs. All households and persons

within the selected LQs are canvassed. At

every stage of selection, the units are selected

106

2012 Nota Teknikal

Technical Notes


peringkat pemilihan, unit-unit telah dipilih

secara sistematik dengan kebarangkalian

yang sama dalam strata kedua.

systematically with equal probability within

each level of the secondary strata.

8. Saiz sampel

Saiz sampel yang diperlukan adalah berdasarkan

kepada ralat piawai relatif data penyiasatan

terdahulu bagi setiap strata dan negeri. Faktor lain

seperti kos dan keperluan anggota juga diambil

kira dalam menentukan saiz sampel. Saiz sampel

yang terpilih adalah seperti berikut:

8. Sample size

The sample size required is based on the relative

standard error of the previous survey for each

strata and state. Other factors such as cost and

availability of staff are also taken into

consideration in determining the sample size. The

selected sample size is as follows:

Jadual 1: Taburan bilangan BP, TK Terpilih dan bilangan isi rumah yang respons mengikut negeri Table 1: Distribution of selected EBs, LQs and number of households response by state

Negeri/State Bilangan BP Number of EBs

Bilangan TK Number of LQs

Bilangan IR yang Respons Number of HH Response

Johor 501 4,008 3,468

Kedah 372 2,976 2,745

Kelantan 435 3,480 3,284

Melaka 199 1,592 1,401

Negeri Sembilan 212 1,696 1,540

Pahang 280 2,240 1,978

Pulau Pinang 350 2,800 2,405

Perak 443 3,544 3,134

Perlis 140 1,120 1,066

Selangor 700 5,600 4,681

Terengganu 290 2,320 2,169

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 400 3,200 2,651

W.P. Putrajaya 45 360 326

Semenanjung Malaysia 4,367 34,936 30,848

Sabah 901 7,208 5,930

Sarawak 1,047 8,376 6,805

W.P. Labuan 83 664 523

MALAYSIA 6,398 51,184 44,106

107

2012 Nota Teknikal

Technical Notes


9. Konsep dan definisi

9.1 Tempat kediaman

Tempat Kediaman adalah suatu struktur

yang dibina berasingan dan bebas yang

lazimnya digunakan untuk tempat tinggal.

Takrifan perkataan berasingan dan bebas

adalah seperti berikut:

9. Concepts and definitions

9.1 Living quarters

Living quarters are defined as independent

and separate structures, which are usually

used as place of abode. The terms, separate

and independent mean the following:

Berasingan

Struktur adalah dianggap sebagai

berasingan jika ia dikelilingi oleh dinding,

pagar dan lain-lain serta ditutupi oleh

bumbung.

Separate

A structure is considered separate if it is

surrounded by walls, fence, etc. and is

covered by a roof.

Bebas

Struktur dikatakan bebas apabila ia

mempunyai jalan masuk secara terus dari

tangga umum, tempat lalu lintas atau ruang

lapang (iaitu penghuni boleh masuk atau

keluar dari tempat kediaman mereka tanpa

melalui perkarangan sesiapa pun).

Independent

A structure is said to be independent if it has

direct access via a public staircase,

communal passageway or landing (that is,

occupants can come in or go out of their

living quarters without passing through

someone else’s premises).

9.2 Isi rumah

Isi rumah ditakrifkan sebagai seorang atau

sekumpulan orang yang bersaudara

dan/atau orang yang tidak bersaudara yang

biasanya tinggal bersama dan membuat

peruntukan yang sama untuk makanan dan

keperluan hidup yang lain.

9.2 Household

A household is defined as a person or a group

of related and/or unrelated persons who

usually live together and make common

provisions for food and other living

essentials.

9.3 Pendapatan isi rumah

Pendapatan isi rumah ialah jumlah

pendapatan terakru kepada ahli isi rumah,

dalam bentuk wang tunai dan/atau mata

benda yang berlaku berulang kali dalam

jangka masa setahun atau lebih kerap lagi.

9.3 Household income

Household income refers to total income

accrued to members of a household, both in

cash and/or in kind on a regular basis in one

year or more often.

108

2012 Nota Teknikal

Technical Notes


9.4 Penerima pendapatan

Penerima pendapatan merujuk kepada ahli

isi rumah yang menerima pendapatan

dalam tempoh rujukan.

9.4 Income recipient

Income recipient refers to a household

member who receives income within the

reference period.

9.5 Kumpulan etnik

Klasifikasi kumpulan etnik adalah

berdasarkan klasifikasi yang telah

digunakan dalam Banci Penduduk dan

Perumahan 2010. Pengelasan tersebut

adalah seperti berikut:

9.5 Ethnic group

Ethnic group classification is based on the

2010 Population and Housing Census. The

classification is as follows:

Malaysia

Warganegara Malaysia/Malaysian Citizen

Bumiputera

Cina/Chinese

India/Indians

Lain-lain/Others

9.6 Pekerjaan 9.6 Occupation

Pekerjaan dikelaskan mengikut klasifikasi

“Piawaian Pengelasan Pekerjaan

Malaysia (MASCO) 2008” yang berasaskan

kepada “International Standard

Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08)”.

Occupation is classified according to

“Malaysia Standard Classification of

Occupations (MASCO) 2008” based on the

“International Standard Classification of

Occupations (ISCO-08)”.

Bagi seseorang yang mempunyai lebih

daripada satu pekerjaan, hanya pekerjaan

yang mengambil masa terbanyak semasa

tempoh rujukan dianggap sebagai

pekerjaan utamanya. Jika masa bekerja bagi

tiap-tiap pekerjaan itu sama, maka

pekerjaan yang menghasilkan pendapatan

yang tertinggi adalah pekerjaan utamanya.

Dalam kes di mana bilangan jam bekerja

For a person having more than one job, only

the job at which he worked for the longest

number of hours during the reference week is

treated as his principal occupation. Should

the number of hours worked for each job be

the same, then the job with the highest

income is the principal occupation. In

cases where the number of hours worked

109

2012 Nota Teknikal

Technical Notes


dan pendapatannya adalah sama bagi setiap

pekerjaan, pekerjaan di mana dia telah

bekerja paling lama dianggap sebagai

pekerjaan utamanya.

and the income earned from each job are the

same, the job at which he was working for the

longest period of time is considered as the

principal occupation.

9.7 Industri 9.7 Industry

Industri dikelaskan mengikut “Piawaian

Klasifikasi Industri Malaysia (MSIC) 2008”

yang berasaskan kepada “International

Standard Industrial Classification of All

Economic Activities (ISIC) Revision 4”.

Industry is classified according to the

“Malaysia Standard Industrial

Classification (MSIC) 2008” based on the

“International Standard Industrial

Classification of All Economic Activities

(ISIC) Revision 4”.

Pengelasan industri seseorang merujuk

kepada yang berkaitan dengan pekerjaan

utamanya.

A person's industry classification refers to that

of his principal occupation.

9.8 Kemiskinan

Konsep kemiskinan yang digunakan adalah

berdasarkan kepada kaedah yang telah

diperkenalkan pada tahun 2004 iaitu dengan

mengambil kira PGK makanan dan PGK bukan

makanan bagi setiap isi rumah yang dilawati.

PGK ditakrifkan secara berasingan bagi setiap

isi rumah dalam PPIR/KA. Setiap PGK ini

mengambil kira perkara-perkara berikut:

9.8 Poverty

The concept of poverty used is based on the

methodology introduced in year 2004 which

took into consideration of food PLI and non-

food PLI for each household visited. PLI is

defined separately for each household in the

HIS/BA. Each household’s PLI takes into

consideration the following factors:

(i) Saiz isi rumah dan komposisi

demografi

(i) The household’s size and demographic

composition

Isi rumah yang mempunyai bilangan ahli

yang ramai memerlukan lebih

perbelanjaan untuk makanan dan bukan

makanan bagi mencapai taraf hidup yang

memuaskan untuk semua ahlinya. Oleh

kerana keperluan kalori berbeza di antara

jantina dan peringkat umur, maka PGK

Larger households require more food and

non food expenditures to achieve a

satisfactory standard of living for its

members. As the caloric requirements

vary by sex and age, the food PLI also

110

2012 Nota Teknikal

Technical Notes


makanan akan berbeza mengikut

komposisi demografi isi rumah.

varies in accordance with the demographic

composition of the household.

(ii) Lokasi isi rumah: Negeri dan strata

(bandar/luar bandar)

Harga bagi makanan dan bukan makanan

berbeza secara ketara antara negeri dan

antara kawasan bandar dengan luar

bandar. Sebagai contoh, harga di Kuala

Lumpur biasanya lebih tinggi daripada

kawasan lain. PGK baru ini mengambil

kira perbezaan harga ini.

(ii) The household’s location: State and

strata (urban/rural)

Food and non-food prices vary significantly

across states and between urban and rural

areas. For example prices in Kuala Lumpur

are usually higher than elsewhere. The new

PLI takes into account of these price

variations.

9.9 Sesebuah isi rumah dalam PPIR/KA dianggap

miskin jika pendapatannya kurang

daripada PGKnya. Ini bermaksud isi rumah

tersebut kekurangan sumber untuk

memenuhi keperluan asas makanan dan

bukan makanan bagi setiap ahlinya. Sesebuah

isi rumah dianggap miskin tegar jika

pendapatannya kurang daripada PGK

makanannya. PGK bagi setiap isi rumah

adalah berbeza mengikut lokasi (negeri dan

strata), saiz isi rumah dan komposisi

demografi.

9.9 A household in the Household Income Survey is

considered poor if its income is less than its

PLI. This means that it lacks the resources to

meet the basic food and non-food needs of its

individual members. A household is considered

hard-core poor if its income is below the

food PLI. PLI for each household is different

according to the location (state and strata),

household size and demographic composition.

9.10 PGK makanan 9.10 The food PLI

Komponen makanan dalam PGK ini

ditetapkan berdasarkan kepada nasihat

pakar pemakanan, pakar diet dan pakar

perubatan daripada Kementerian Kesihatan,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia dan

Universiti Putra Malaysia. Jumlah keperluan

kilo kalori bagi satu keluarga seramai lima

orang ialah sebanyak 8,725 sehari.

Keperluan harian kilo kalori bagi setiap

The food component of the PLI is based on the

advice of nutritionists, dieticians and medical

professionals from the Ministry of Health,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and

Universiti Putra Malaysia. The kilo calorie

needed by a family of five persons is

8,725 per day. Individuals daily kilo calorie

111

2012 Nota Teknikal

Technical Notes


individu adalah mengandungi pemakanan

yang seimbang yang terdiri daripada bijirin

dan produk bijirin (beras, tepung gandum);

ayam, telur dan ikan; susu; minyak dan

lemak; gula; sayur-sayuran dan buah-

buahan; dan kekacang. Keperluan kilo kalori

seterusnya ditukarkan kepada nilai ringgit

mengikut harga runcit setiap kawasan.

requirements are met through a balanced diet

which includes: cereals and cereal products

(rice, wheat flour); chicken, eggs and fish;

milk; oil and fats; sugar; vegetables and fruits

and pulses. The kilo calorie requirements are

then converted to monetary value using the

retail prices at each locality.

9.11 PGK bukan makanan

Komponen PGK Bukan Makanan dikira

berasaskan kepada pola perbelanjaan isi

rumah berpendapatan rendah yang dikenal

pasti melalui Penyiasatan Perbelanjaan Isi

Rumah.

9.11 The non-food PLI

The non-food component of the PLI is

determined by the spending pattern of low

income households in the Household

Expenditure Survey.

Komponen PGK bukan makanan ialah:

• Pakaian dan kasut;

• Sewa kasar, bahan api dan kuasa;

• Barang tahan lama (perabot, peralatan dan

kelengkapan isi rumah);

• Pengangkutan dan perhubungan; dan

• Lain-lain perkara bukan makanan.

The non-food items of the PLI are:

• Clothing and footwear;

• Gross rent, fuel and power;

• Durables (furniture, furnishings and

household equipment and operation);

• Transport and communication; and

• Other non-food items.

Jadual 2: Pendapatan Garis Kemiskinan bagi tahun 2012 mengikut kawasan Tables 2: Poverty Line Income by regions for year 2012

Kawasan Region

Jumlah Total

Bandar Urban

Luar Bandar Rural

(RM) sebulan/per month Semenanjung Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia 830 840 790

Sabah & W.P. Labuan 1,090 1,080 1,120

Sarawak 920 960 870

112

2012 Nota Teknikal

Technical Notes


9.12 Pengiraan kadar kemiskinan

PGK bagi setiap isi rumah adalah berbeza

mengikut lokasi (negeri dan strata), saiz isi

rumah dan komposisi demografi. Kadar

kemiskinan isi rumah kemudian dikira

dengan menggunakan dua cara seperti

berikut:

9.12 Calculation of poverty rates

PLI for each household differs according to

location (state and strata), household size and

demographic composition. The household

poverty level was then measured using two

formulas as follows:

(i) Kadar kemiskinan

Pengiraan ini merangkumi kesemua isi

rumah yang mempunyai pendapatan

kasar bulanan di bawah Pendapatan

Garis Kemiskinan. Formula bagi

pengiraan Kadar Kemiskinan (KK)

seperti berikut:

(i) Poverty rate

The calculation involves all households

having monthly gross income below

Poverty Line Income. The calculation of

the Incidence of Poverty (IP) is as follows:

𝑲𝑲/IP = 𝐁𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐚𝐧 𝐢𝐬𝐢 𝐫𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐡 𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐝𝐢 𝐛𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐡 𝐏𝐆𝐊𝐧𝐲𝐚𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑒ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝐿𝐼

𝐉𝐮𝐦𝐥𝐚𝐡 𝐢𝐬𝐢 𝐫𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐡𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑒ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑠

X 100

(ii) Kadar kemiskinan tegar

Pengiraan ini merangkumi kesemua isi

rumah yang mempunyai pendapatan

kasar bulanan di bawah Pendapatan

Garis Kemiskinan Makanan.

Formula bagi pengiraan Kadar

Kemiskinan Tegar (KKT) seperti berikut:

(ii) Hardcore poverty rate

The calculation involves all households

having gross monthly income below Food

Poverty Line Income.

The calculation of the Incidence of

Hardcore Poverty (IHP) is as follows:

𝑲𝑲𝑻/𝐼𝐻𝑃 = 𝐁𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐚𝐧 𝐢𝐬𝐢 𝐫𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐡 𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐝𝐢 𝐛𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐡 𝐏𝐆𝐊 𝐦𝐚𝐤𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐲𝐚

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑒ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝐹𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑃𝐿𝐼𝐉𝐮𝐦𝐥𝐚𝐡 𝐢𝐬𝐢 𝐫𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐡

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑒ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑠 X 100

113

2012 Nota Teknikal

Technical Notes


10. Penilaian data

Data yang diperoleh daripada penyiasatan

berdasarkan pemilihan sampel berkemungkinan

mempunyai dua jenis ralat. Ralat yang

dimaksudkan ialah ralat pensampelan dan ralat

bukan pensampelan.

10. Reliability of the data

Data obtained from survey or research based on

sample selection has a probability of encountering

two types of errors. These are sampling and non-

sampling errors.

(i) Ralat pensampelan

Ralat pensampelan berpunca daripada

anggaran data yang dibuat berasaskan

sampel berkebarangkalian, bukan

berdasarkan banci. Dari segi statistik,

ralat ini dikenali sebagai ralat piawai

relatif (RPR) dan dinyatakan dalam

bentuk peratusan. Ia digunakan sebagai

penunjuk kepada kepersisan anggaran

parameter yang dikaji. Dengan kata lain

ia boleh memberi gambaran tahap

variasi anggaran penyiasatan

berbanding dengan anggaran lain yang

berdasarkan pemilihan sampel.

(i) Sampling error

Sampling error is a result of estimating

data based on a probability sampling, not

on census. Such error in statistics is

termed as relative standard error (RSE)

and is given in percentage. This is used as

an indicator to the precision of the

parameter under study. In other words, it

reflects the extent of variation with other

sample-based estimates.

Bagi PPIR/KA 2012, pendapatan isi

rumah bulanan purata bagi Malaysia

ialah RM5,000 dengan RSE 0.6 peratus.

Dalam erti kata lain, ralat piawai (RP)

ialah lebih kurang RM29. Dengan

andaian pendapatan isi rumah purata

tertabur secara normal, maka selang

keyakinan anggaran pendapatan purata

dapat dihitung. Berasaskan 95 peratus

paras keyakinan (α=0.05), pendapatan

isi rumah bulanan purata boleh berada

dalam batasan antara RM4,943–

RM5,057 sebulan.

For the HIS/BA 2012, the mean monthly

household income for Malaysia was

RM5,000 with an RSE of 0.6 per cent. In

other words, the standard error (SE) is

approximately RM29. Assuming that the

mean household income is normally

distributed, the confidence interval for the

estimated mean income can be calculated.

Based on a 95 per cent confidence level

(α=0.05), the mean monthly household

income was found to be in the range of

RM4,943–RM5,057 per month.

114

2012 Nota Teknikal

Technical Notes


(ii) Ralat bukan pensampelan

Bagi memastikan kualiti data berada

pada tahap yang tinggi, beberapa

langkah telah diambil supaya ralat

bukan pensampelan berada di tahap

minima. Berbeza dengan ralat

pensampelan, ralat ini tidak boleh

diukur dan hanya boleh diatasi melalui

beberapa langkah pentadbiran. Ralat ini

boleh berpunca daripada liputan

penyiasatan yang tidak lengkap,

kelemahan rangka, ralat maklumbalas,

ralat tiada sambutan dan kesilapan

semasa prosesan seperti di peringkat

penyuntingan, pengekodan dan

tangkapan data.

(ii) Non-sampling error

To ensure high quality data, several steps

were taken to keep non-sampling errors

to a minimum. Unlike sampling errors,

these errors cannot be measured and can

only be overcome through several

administrative procedures. These errors

may arise through incomplete survey

coverage, weaknesses in the frame,

feedback errors, non-response errors and

also errors during processing such as

editing, coding and data capture.

Ralat maklum balas boleh berlaku

disebabkan kesukaran dan perbezaan

dalam tafsiran soalan, sama ada

daripada penemu ramah ataupun

responden. Bagi meminimumkan ralat

ini, latihan intensif kepada penyelia dan

penemu ramah telah dijalankan.

Tambahan pula, semakan rambang

dijalankan ke atas isi rumah yang telah

diliputi oleh penemu ramah untuk

memastikan kesahihan maklumbalas

yang dicatatkan. Untuk memastikan

liputan penyiasatan yang menyeluruh,

rangka sampel dikemaskini dan tempat

kediaman telah dipilih selepas

penyenaraian BP dijalankan.

Response errors may occur due to

difference and difficulty in interpreting

questions, be it on the part of the

enumerator or respondent. To minimize

these errors, intensive training was

conducted for the enumerators as well as

the supervisors. In addition, random

checks were carried out on households

that were already canvassed by the

enumerators to ensure the validity of the

information recorded. To ensure the

completeness of the survey coverage, the

sampling frame is frequently updated and

the selections of living quarters were done

after the completion of EBs listing

exercise.

115

2012 Nota Teknikal

Technical Notes


Ralat tiada sambutan berpunca

daripada beberapa sebab seperti TK

kosong, tiada orang di rumah, enggan

bekerjasama atau TK tidak layak diliputi

dalam penyiasatan. Bagi mengatasi kes-

kes yang sedemikian, penganggaran saiz

sampel yang ditentukan dalam

penyiasatan ini telah mengambil kira

semua kemungkinan yang akan dihadapi

seperti yang dinyatakan. Bagi PPIR/KA

2012, bilangan isi rumah yang respon

mengikut negeri adalah seperti di

Jadual 1.

Non-response errors occur due to

reasons such as vacant house, ‘no one at

home’, refusal to cooperate or not

qualified for the survey. To overcome such

cases, sample size in the survey was

estimated after taking into consideration

all probabilities encountered as

mentioned earlier. For HIS/BA 2012, the

number of household responded by state

is as given in Table 1.

Pengemaskinian rangka pensampelan

dengan lebih kerap dipergiatkan bagi

mengurangkan kadar tiada sambutan

berpunca daripada TK kosong. Publisiti

yang meluas dilaksanakan melalui media

elektronik serta media cetak bagi

mengurangkan kes tiada orang di rumah

dan enggan bekerjasama. Berhubung

dengan ralat penyuntingan dan

prosesan, beberapa peringkat semakan

konsistensi telah diwujudkan, sama ada

secara manual atau dengan bantuan

komputer bagi memastikan penghasilan

data yang bermutu dan boleh diterima

pakai.

The survey frame is updated regularly to

overcome the problem of non-response

due to vacant homes. Publicity was

carried out through electronic and

printed media to minimize the case of ‘no

one at home’ and refusal to cooperate.

With regards to editing and processing

errors, several consistency checks were

introduced, either manually or computer

aided, to ensure the generation of quality

and acceptable data.

11. Pekali Gini 11. The Gini Coefficient

11.1 Pekali Gini (G) ialah ukuran pemusatan

pendapatan berdasarkan Keluk Lorenz.

Keluk ini didapati dengan memplot

peratus isi rumah kumulatif pada paksi X

11.1 The Gini coefficient (G) is a measure

of income concentration derived from

the Lorenz Curve. The curve is

obtained by plotting the cumulative

per cent of households on the X axis

116

2012 Nota Teknikal

Technical Notes


dan peratus jumlah pendapatan kumulatif

yang diterima oleh isi rumah pada paksi

Y. [Nilai pekali Gini berada antara 0 dan 1,

di mana 0 menunjukkan agihan

pendapatan yang saksama, manakala nilai

1 menunjukkan agihan pendapatan yang

paling tidak saksama].

against the cumulative per cent of the

aggregate income received by these

households on the Y axis. [The value of the

Gini coefficient ranges from 0 to 1 where 0

denotes complete equality of income share

and 1 represents total inequality of income

share].

11.2 Pekali Gini (G) ditakrifkan sebagai nisbah

kadaran keluasan di antara garis

pepenjuru dan keluk Lorenz (A) kepada

keluasan di bawah garis pepenjuru (A+B)

seperti dalam Rajah 1, di mana

11.2 The Gini coefficient (G) is the proportion of

the area between the diagonal and the

Lorenz Curve (A) and the area under the

diagonal (A+B) as shown in Figure 1,

whereby

atau secara matematiknya/or mathematically:

𝐺 = 𝐴

𝐴 + 𝐵 =

𝐋𝐮𝐚𝐬 𝐤𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐬𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐚 𝐤𝐞𝐥𝐮𝐤 𝐝𝐚𝐧 𝐩𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐣𝐮𝐫𝐮𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙

𝐋𝐮𝐚𝐬 𝐤𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐬𝐚𝐧 𝐝𝐢 𝐛𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐡 𝐠𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐣𝐮𝐫𝐮𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙

=𝟎.𝟓 − 𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐬 𝐤𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐬𝐚𝐧 𝐝𝐢 𝐛𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐡 𝐤𝐞𝐥𝐮𝐤

0.5 − 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒0.5

k G = 1 - Σ ( f - f ) ( Y + Y )

i i+1 i i i+1

117

2012 Nota Teknikal

Technical Notes


12. Kadar pertumbuhan tahunan purata

Pengiraan kadar pertumbuhan tahunan purata

adalah berdasarkan kepada fungsi exponential

seperti berikut:

12. Average annual growth rate

Calculation of the average annual growth rate is

based on the exponential function as follows:

di mana/where;

𝑟 kadar pertumbuhan tahunan purata/average annual growth rate;

𝑌𝑡 purata pendapatan isi rumah tahun semasa/current year mean household income;

𝑌𝑜 purata pendapatan isi rumah tahun sebelumnya/previous year mean household income;

t tempoh masa/period

RAJAH 1/Figure 1 Keluk Lorenz/Lorenz Curve

A

B

Yi+1

Yi

fi fi+1

Agihan Isi Rumah Kumulatif/Cumulative Household Share

Agihan Pendapatan Kumulatif Cumulative Income Share

118

𝒓 =𝒍𝒏 �𝒀𝒕𝒀𝒐

�

𝒕

2012 Nota Teknikal

Technical Notes


13. Batasan ukuran pendapatan

13. Limitations of income measurement

Bagi tujuan penjadualan, pendapatan kasar isi

rumah telah digunakan. Pendapatan kasar isi

rumah tidak mengambil kira bayaran pindahan

semasa terutama cukai pendapatan yang dibayar

oleh isi rumah yang berpendapatan tinggi. Begitu

juga, kesan taburan perbelanjaan awam tidak

digambarkan dalam penyiasatan kerana

kesukaran untuk mengira faedahnya sebagai

sebahagian daripada pendapatan isi rumah.

Perbelanjaan awam sedemikian akan

menguntungkan isi rumah yang berpendapatan

rendah yang mana imputasi ke atas faedah-faedah

tersebut akan meningkatkan jumlah pendapatan

mereka.

Gross household income has been used for

tabulation purposes. The gross household income

does not take into account current transfer

payment especially income taxes paid by the higher

income households. Moreover, the distributive

effects of public expenditure were also not reflected

in the survey data due to the inherent difficulties to

impute such benefits as part of household income.

Such public expenditure normally benefit the low

income households, the imputation of these benefits

will increase their total income.

Sebaliknya, penggunaan data pendapatan bersih,

setelah ditolak cukai pendapatan, akan

mengurangkan jumlah pendapatan bagi isi rumah

yang berpendapatan tinggi, menyebabkan

pengurangan ketidaksamaan pendapatan.

Otherwise, the use of net income data after

deduction of income taxes will decrease the total

income of the high income households, resulting in

a lowering of income inequalities.

14. Pembundaran anggaran

Pengiraan bagi sesuatu kategori mungkin tidak

sentiasa sama antara jadual disebabkan oleh

pembundaran secara bebas. Walau

bagaimanapun, perbezaan ini adalah tidak ketara.

Peratus yang ditunjukkan dalam jadual adalah

diperoleh daripada angka sebenar dan tidak

semestinya memberikan jumlah genap 100

peratus disebabkan pembundaran, walaupun

jumlah yang ditunjukan adalah 100 peratus.

14. Rounding of estimates

The calculation of certain categories may not

always be the same between tables due to

independent rounding. However, the differences

were insignificant.

Percentages shown in the tables were computed

from actual absolute figures and may not always

add up exactly to 100 per cent due to rounding,

although the totals were shown as 100 per cent.

119

2012 Nota Teknikal

Technical Notes


15. Nota dan Simbol

0.0 Kurang daripada setengah unit terkecil

yang ditunjukkan. Misalnya, kurang

daripada 0.05 peratus

- Tiada/kosong/tiada kes

W.P. Wilayah Persekutuan

RM Ringgit Malaysia

n.a. Tidak berkenaan

15. Notes and symbols

0.0 Less than half the smallest unit shown. For

example, less than 0.05 per cent

- Nil/blank/no case

W.P. Wilayah Persekutuan

RM Ringgit Malaysia

n.a. Not applicable

120

PENERBITAN INI BOLEH JUGA DIPEROLEH DI PEJABAT PERANGKAAN NEGERI SEPERTI BERIKUT : THIS PUBLICATION IS ALSO AVAILABLE AT THE FOLLOWING STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS :

Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Johor, Tingkat 14, Menara Tabung Haji, Jalan Air Molek, 80000 Johor Bahru,Johor. Tel : 07-2253700 Faks : 07-2249972 E-mel : [email protected] Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Kedah, Aras 1, Zon C, Wisma Persekutuan, Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan, Bandar Muadzam Shah, 06550 Anak Bukit, Kedah Darul Aman. Tel : 04 -7001240/1241 Faks : 04-7338412 E-mel : [email protected] Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Kelantan, Tingkat 8, Bangunan Persekutuan, Jalan Bayam, 15514 Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Tel : 09-7419449 Faks : 09-7482142 E-mel : [email protected] Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Melaka, Aras 7 & 8, Wisma Persekutuan, Jalan MITC, Hang Tuah Jaya, 75450, Ayer Keroh, Melaka. Tel : 06-2522725 Faks : 06-2522711 E-mel : [email protected] Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Sembilan, Tingkat 12, Wisma Persekutuan, Jalan Dato' Abdul Kadir, 70000 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. Tel : 06-7655000 Faks : 06-7655002 E-mel : [email protected] Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Pahang, Tingkat 7, Bangunan Persekutuan, Jalan Gambut, 25000 Kuantan, Pahang. Tel : 09-5163931/7 Faks : 09-5144636 E-mel : [email protected] Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Pulau Pinang, Tingkat 6, Bangunan Persekutuan, 10400 Jalan Anson, Pulau Pinang. Tel : 04-2266244 Faks : 04-2299499 E-mel : [email protected]

Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Perak, Tingkat 3, Blok A, Bangunan Persekutuan Ipoh, Jalan Dato' Seri Ahmad Said (Greentown), 30450 Ipoh, Perak. Tel : 05-2554963 Faks : 05-2551073 E-mel : [email protected] Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Perlis, Tingkat 4, Bangunan KWSP, Jalan Bukit Lagi, 01000 Kangar, Perlis. Tel : 04-9771221 Faks : 04-9771223 E-mel : [email protected] Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Selangor, Tingkat 9, Bangunan Darul Ehsan, Jalan Indah, Seksyen 14, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor. Tel : 03-55150200 Faks : 03-55180408 E-mel : [email protected] Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Terengganu, Tingkat 9, Wisma Persekutuan, Jalan Sultan Ismail, 20200 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu. Tel : 09-6223062 Faks : 09-6229659 E-mel : [email protected] Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Sabah, Aras 1-3, Blok C, Kompleks Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan Sabah, Jalan UMS, Beg Berkunci 2046, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Tel : 088-484602 Faks : 088-484659 E-mel : [email protected] Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Negeri Sarawak, Tingkat 7 & 8, Bangunan Tun Datuk Patinggi Tuanku Hj. Bujang, Jalan Simpang 3, 93514 Kuching, Sarawak. Tel : 082-240287 Faks : 082-242609 E-mel : [email protected] Pengarah, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Wilayah Persekutuan, Tingkat 19, Wisma KWSG, Jalan Kg. Attap, 50604 Kuala Lumpur. Tel : 03-22672400 Faks : 03-22745075 E-mel : [email protected]

household income and basic amenities survey report · 2019-07-23 · the household income and basic...

Documents