histo pns dr winarto m kes

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SYSTEMA NERVORUM SYSTEMA NERVORUM PERIFERUM  BERKAS SERABUT SARAF  GANGLION  AKHIRAN SARAF SYSTEMA NERVORUM CENTRALE  BERKEMBANG DARI TUBA NEURALIS MENJADI: OTAK MEDULLA SPINALIS 

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Page 1: Histo PNS Dr Winarto M Kes

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SYSTEMA NERVORUM

• SYSTEMA NERVORUM PERIFERUM

 – BERKAS SERABUT SARAF

 – GANGLION

 –

AKHIRAN SARAF• SYSTEMA NERVORUM CENTRALE

 – BERKEMBANG DARI TUBA NEURALIS MENJADI: 

• OTAK

• MEDULLA SPINALIS 

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SYSTEMA NERVORUM

SYSTEMA

NERVORUM

CENTRALE

SYSTEMA

NERVORUM

PERIFERUM 

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SYSTEMA NERVORUM PERIFERUM

• MENCAKUP SEMUA JARINGAN SARAF YANG TIDAK

TERCAKUP DALAM SYSTEMA NERVORUM CENTRALE 

• BERKAS SERABUT SARAF TERBENTUK OLEH TONJOLAN

SARAF TERUTAMA AXON BERSAMA SEL PENYOKONGNYA

DIBUNGKUS OLEH JARINGAN PENGIKAT

• GANGLION DIBENTUK DI BEBERAPA TEMPAT DALAM

TUBUH SEBAGAI KUMPULAN SEL-SEL SARAF BERSAMA

SEL PENYOKONGNYA YANG DIBUNGKUS OLEH JARINGAN

PENGIKAT

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SERABUT SARAF DALAM SYSTEMA NERVORUM PERIFERUM

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ORGANISASI SERABUT SARAF 

• DALAM ANATOMI KITA MELIHAT BERKAS-BERKAS SERABUT SARAF

YANG MASING-MASING DIBERI NAMA, MISALNYA NERVUS RADIALIS,

NERVUS ULNARIS 

• SERABUT-SERABUT SARAF TERSEBUT SEBENARNYA BERKAS

TONJOLAN SEL SARAF, TERUTAMA AXON

• PEMBENTUKAN BERKAS TERORGANISASI SECARA BERTAHAP DENGAN

BUNGKUS JARINGAN PENGIKAT PADAT

• BUNGKUS JARINGAN PENGIKAT TERLUAR DINAMAKAN EPINEURIUM 

• EPINEURIUM MELANJUTKAN KE DALAM MEMBENTUK SEKAT-SEKAT

DAN MEMBUNGKUS BERKAS -BERKAS LEBIH KECIL, DISEBUT: 

PERINEURIUM 

•JARINGAN PENGIKAT TIPIS YANG MEMBUNGKUS SETIAP TONJOLANSARAF BERSAMA MIELIN & SEL SCHWANN: ENDONEURIUM

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ORGANISASI SERABUT SARAF

Figure 13.3b

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ORGANISASI SERABUT SARAF

• In this preparation,the myelin sheathsare not well fixed.The thicker sheathsare completely

extracted (HA19).The thicker sheathsapparently preventgood fixation of theiraxons so the latter

are not stained andare shrunken.

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ORGANISASI SERABUT SARAF

• The endoneurium, immediatelysurrounding the individual axons, can beseen in the transverse sections.Occasionally, blood vessels can be seenleaving the endoneurium (*: HA17). Inlongitudinal sections, the endoneurium ishard to resolve - n: HA18 refers to thelocation of the endoneurium.

• The epineurium (E: HA18) surrounds theoutside of each bundle and is composed

mainly of thick collagen fibers that stainlightly here. This is dense connectivetissue which provides the chief structuralintegrity of the bundle.

• Lining the epineurial sheath are 3-5 thinlayers of cells that stain more intenselythan the epineurial collagen fibers. Theperineurium (P: HA18) is composed of flattened cell layers. Within each layer,the cells are bound together by occluding junctions.

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#68  Nerve bundle in transverse section 

Epineurium

Perineurium

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ORGANISASI SERABUT SARAF 

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 SERABUT SARAF SOMATIK DAN VISERAL

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GANGLION

• GANGLION ADALAH KUMPULAN SEL-SEL SARAF YANG

DIBUNGKUS OLEH JARINGAN PENGIKAT PADAT SEBAGAI

KAPSEL GANGLION DAN TERLETAK DI LUAR SSP

• KOMPONEN:

 – SETIAP SEL GANGLION DIBUNGKUS OLEH SEL SATELIT YANG

MERUPAKAN SEL PENYOKONG JARINGAN SARAF

• KLASIFIKASI:

 – GANGLION CRANIO-SPINALIS

• DI DAERAH KEPALA DAN DI DAERAH MEDULLA SPINALIS 

 –

GANGLION AUTONOM • DI LUAR PENGARUH KESADARAN 

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#65 Spinal cord and DRG

Ventral horn

Lateral horn

Dorsal

horn

Dorsal root

ganglion (DRG)

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Dorsal root ganglion

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Dorsal root ganglion

• Slide 7 Dorsal Root

Ganglion 

A higher magnification

view shows thesurrounding satellite

cells (red arrows), the

glia of the DRG.

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Dorsal root ganglion

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Dorsal root ganglion

• Next, look for dorsal

root ganglia on either

side of the spinal cord.

They are characterizedby groups of cell bodies

of ganglion cells

alternating with

bundles of axons (HA9).

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GANGLION CRANIOSPINALIS  

MORFOLOGI

 –BUNGKUS:

• JARINGAN PENGIKAT PADAT

 – DI DAERAH TEPI GANGLION

• SEBAGIAN BESAR SEL-SEL GANGLION TERLETAK BERDERET-DERET 

 – DI BAGIAN TENGAH GANGLION

•TERUTAMA BERKUMPUL SERABUT SARAF

 – SEL-SEL SARAF = SEL GANGLION

• BERBENTUK PSEUDOUNIPOLER YANG TONJOLANNYA BERBENTUK HURUF T,

KECUALI GANGLION N. ACUSTICUS BERBENTUK BIPOLER 

• UKURAN SEL: KECIL: 15 m - 30 m; BESAR : 120 m

 – KEDUA TONJOLAN SITOPLASMA SEL GANGLION

• MEMPUNYAI STUKTUR SEBAGAI AXON YANG BERMIELIN 

• TONJOLAN YANG MEMBAWA IMPULS MASUK KE SEL TIDAK

MENUNJUKKAN MORFOLOGI DENDRIT 

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JARINGAN GANGLION CRANIOSPINALIS  

7

SEL KAPSEL/SATELIT

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GANGLION AUTONOM

MORFOLOGI

• BIASANYA BERBENTUK SEBAGAI PELEBARAN BULAT PADA

SERABUT SARAF AUTONOM

• BEBERAPA DI ANTARANYA TERDAPAT DALAM ORGAN, KHUSUSNYA

DALAM DINDING SALURAN PENCERNAAN

• SEL-SEL GANGLION

 –

TERSEBAR DALAM GANGLION BERCAMPUR DENGAN SERABUT SARAFYANG LALU LALANG

 – BERBENTUK NERON MULTIPOLER, SEHINGGA MIRIP GAMBARAN

BINTANG, BERUKURAN HAMPIR SAMA (20 m - 45 m)

• SERABUT SARAF

 – TIDAK BERMIELIN 

• SEL SATELIT

 – TIDAK SEMPURNA MENGELILINGI SEL GANGLION 

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GANGLION AUTONOM

GANGION SIMAPTIK 

SERABUT SARAF

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#74 Sympathetic ganglion cells

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JARINGAN GANGLION AUTONOM

GANGLION PARA SIMAPTIK PADA DINDING USUS

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#75 Parasympatheic ganglion cells(in Seminal vesicle)

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#29  Parasympathetic ganglia

#2 0 P th i li ll i

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#250 Parasympatheic ganglion cells in

vaginal wall

S d A t i N

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Sensory and Autonomic Neurons

(DRG) (Parasympatheitc)

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Axon

• Slide 16 Peripheral Nerve 

A longitudinal view shows

the characteristics of a

peripheral nerve: a wavy

pattern and a washed-outappearance (from the loss

of myelin during

processing). The RBCs

(about 10 microns each)serve as built-in scale bars.

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Axon

• Slide 17 Peripheral Nerve 

Another look shows the

same characteristics of the

longitudinal peripheral

nerve. The washed-outappearance and nodes of 

Ranvier distinguish it from

smooth muscle, connective

tissue, cartilage, etc.

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#67 Longitudinal and Transverse Section of P. Nerve

 Axon

Schwann cell

membrane

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Axon

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Node of Ranvier 

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• Slide 18 Node of 

Ranvier 

A closer look shows a

node of Ranvier (redarrow). These "breaks"

in myelination allow for

saltatory conduction.

Use the RBCs as a sizescale.

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• Slide 20 Peripheral

Nerve 

In cross section, the

dark axons are clearlyseen within the myelin

sheath (red arrow).

Notice also the smaller

B fibers (blue arrow).They too are

myelinated.

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A Schwann cell myelinate

one axonA Schwann cell wraps around

several unmyelinated axons

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Unmyelinated nerve

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Mixed, myelinated and unmyelinated, nerve

Arrows indicate  Schwann cell nuclei 

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KH R N R F

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AKHIRAN SARAF

AKHIRAN SARAF ADALAH UJUNG-UJUNG :

 – SARAF EFEREN YANG MEMBAWA IMPULS DARI PUSAT KE

EFEKTOR 

 – SARAF AFEREN YANG BERFUNGSI SEBAGAI AWAL DARI DENDRIT

YANG MENERIMA RANGSANG DARI LUAR SISTEM SARAF• UJUNG BERAKHIR BEBAS BERTINDAK SEBAGAI RESEPTOR

RANGSANGAN

• BAGIAN DARI ORGAN SENSORIS

E E E

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AKHIRAN SARAF EFEREN

• MENERIMA IMPULS DARI PUSAT YANG BERAWAL DARI SEL MOTORIK

• AKHIRAN SARAF BERSINAPSIS DENGAN EFEKTOR

• LETAK AKHIRAN SARAF 

 – AKHIRAN SARAF SOMATIK EFEREN

• MOTOR ENDPLATE (OTOT SKELET)

 –AKHIRAN SARAF VISCERAL EFEREN 

• KARDIOMOTOR (OTOT JANTUNG)

• VISCEROMOTOR (OTOT ALAT DALAM)

• VASOMOTOR (OTOT POLOS PEMBULUH DARAH)

• PILOMOTOR (OTOT POLOS FOLIKEL RAMBUT)

• SEKRETOMOTOR (EPITEL KELENJAR)

H F EFE E

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AKHIRAN SARAF EFEREN

AKHIRAN SARAF SOMATIK EFEREN

AKHIRAN SARAF VISCERAL EFEREN

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MOTOR ENDPLATE

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MOTOR ENDPLATE

SINAPSIS SARAF MOTORIS DAN OTOT SERAN LINTANG

• AXON KEHILANGAN SELUBUNG MIELIN SEBELUM BERCABANG HALUSMEMBENTUK SINAPSIS

• AXON HANYA DITUTUPI OLEH SELUBUNG SCHWANN

• ENDONEURIUM MENYATU DENGAN ENDOMISIUM

• UJUNG AXON BERCABANG-CABANG HALUS DAN MELEBAR

MENGANDUNG GELEMBUNG2 HALUS DAN MITOKHONDRIA

• CELAH SINAPSIS : 20 nm

• CELAH ANTARA AXOPLASMA UJUNG AXON DAN SARKO-PLASMA

SERABUT OTOT TIDAK ADA SITOPLASMA SEL SCHWANN

PENONJOLAN SARKOPLASMA DAERAH SINAPSIS YANG MENGANDUNGBANYAK MITOKHONDRIA, MELEKUK SEBAGAI TEMPAT PELEBARAN

UJUNG AXON

MOTOR ENDPLATE

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MOTOR ENDPLATE 

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AKHIRAN SARAF AFEREN

• BERAKHIR BEBAS DALAM JARINGAN

• MEMBENTUK RESEPTOR DALAM BANGUNAN YANG DISEBUT

ORGAN SENSORIS

 – RESEPTOR TANPA SELUBUNG

 – RESEPTOR DENGAN SELUBUNG 

RESEPTOR TANPA SELUBUNG

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RESEPTOR TANPA SELUBUNG

AKHIRAN SARAF DENGAN SELUBUNG

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AKHIRAN SARAF DENGAN SELUBUNG

RESEPTOR DENGAN SELUBUNG

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RESEPTOR DENGAN SELUBUNG

NEUROMUSCULAR SPINDLE

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• Slide 21 Pacinian Corpuscle 

The Pacinian corpuscles are

large "onion-like"

encapsulated pressure

receptors. The surroundingconcentric lamellae respond

to distortion and generate

an action potential in the

unmyelinated fiber in the

core.

• Figure 21 6 A highly schematic diagram of

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• Figure 21-6. A highly schematic diagram of the vertebrate nervous system. The centralnervous system (CNS) comprises the brainand spinal cord. It receives direct sensoryinput from the eyes, nose, tongue, and ears.The peripheral nervous system (PNS)

comprises three sets of neurons: (1) somaticand visceral sensory neurons, which relayinformation to the CNS from receptors insomatic and internal organs; (2) somaticmotor neurons, which innervate voluntaryskeletal muscles; and (3) autonomic motorneurons, which innervate the heart, thesmooth involuntary muscles such as those

surrounding the stomach and intestine, andglands such as the liver and pancreas. Thesympathetic and parasympathetic autonomicmotor neurons frequently cause oppositeeffects on internal organs. The cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are within the CNS;those of somatic sensory neurons and of autonomic motor neurons are in gangliaadjacent to the CNS (see Figure 21-5).