Health System in MalaysiaHealth System in Malaysia

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Asogaameteran

Group 5

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Multiracial and Multiethnic Population

Malays (50%)Chinese (30%)Indians (15%)Others (5%)

Official Language Bahasa Malaysia

Estimated Population 27.7million

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Highly subsidized healthcare from the government It depends on the socio-economical status of the patient Hospitals are equipped with latest equipment to cater for the publicMost of the basic treatment are free of charge which also depends

on the socio-economical status of the patientThe higher socio-economical status patients are required to pay

certain amount but its cheaper comparison to the Private Hospitals

• Due to high volume of patient who are on par or below the average socio-economical status admit into the Government hospital cause delays in treatment, thus the patient who can afford opt to Private hospitals

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Is not subsidized by government but it runs based on own revenue of certain companies or chain hospitals This hospitals require cash on treatment basis which can actually cost double the charges of the government hospitals For these hospitals are guaranteed comfort ability and no delays in treatment because the volume of doctor patient ratio is lesser compare to the government hospitals

Example of hospitals run by private companies are Sime Darby, Allianz Health care, Pantai Hospital Chain, KPJ Hospital Chain.

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Year Number of public Number of private Number of registered doctors and dentists hospitals beds hospitals beds

2000 120* 34,573 224 9,547 17, 763

2005 125* 34,414 218 10,542 20, 796

2006 128* 34,761 222 10,794 22, 856

2007 134* 35,739 223 11,637 24, 877

2008 136* 38,004 209 11,689 28, 742

2009 136* 38,004 209 12,216 34, 103

2010 137* 37,793 217 13,186 36, 789

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There is no public health insurance system because health care in Malaysia follows open-door policyThe government based workers and the low socio-economical status patients are given free medical treatment and pay only for the bed charges.The insurance is only value at the private sector

Because the high cost leads to some patient unable to pay where the insurance company pays for them because the buy the premium with themMost of the private sector workers are given medical card

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Divided into 3 parts :

1)Primary2)Secondary3)Tertiary

Government Based (Mostly)

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The essential health services in Primary Health Care(ELEMENTS) are: 1. E — Education for health 2. L — Locally endemic disease control 3. E — Expanded program for immunisation 4. M — Maternal and child health including responsible parenthood 5. E — Essential drugs 6. N — Nutrition 7. T — Treatment of communicable and non- communicable diseases 8. S — Safe water and sanitation

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Primary care is the term for the health services that play a central role in the local community.

It refers to the work of health care professionals who act as a first point of consultation for all patients.

Such a professional would usually be a general practitioner or family physician, depending on locality. They may then refer to secondary care.

Primary care involves the widest scope of health care, including all ages of patients, patients of all socioeconomic and geographic origins, patients seeking to maintain optimal health, and patients with all manner of acute and chronic physical, mental and social health issues, including multiple chronic diseases.

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Comprehensive healthcare services are provided covering antenatal, postnatal, child health, adolescent, school health, wellness, elderly, mental health, nutrition and dietetics, home care nursing, rehabilitation, occupational health and health surveillance.

Consequently, a primary care practitioner must possess a wide breadth of knowledge in many areas.

Continuity is a key desirable characteristic of primary care, as patients usually prefer to consult the same primary care doctor for routine check-ups, and every time they require an initial consultation about a new complaint. Collaboration among providers is a desirable characteristic of primary care.

Common chronic illnesses, usually treated in primary care, include Hypertension, heart failure, and angina, Diabetes, Asthma and COPD, Depression and anxiety, Back pain, Arthritis and Thyroid dysfunction.

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Service provided by medical specialists who generally do not have first contact with patients, for example, cardiologists, urologists and dermatologists.

A physician might voluntarily limit his or her practice to secondary care by refusing patients who have not seen a primary care provider first, or a physician may be required, usually by various payment agreements, to limit the practice this way.

Consequently, secondary care physicians will only see patients referred by a primary care physician or another specialist.

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Allied health professionals, such as occupational therapists, speech therapists, and dietitians, also generally only work in secondary care.

These professionals do not receive patient self-referrals; they work with physicians to co-manage the aspects of a patient’s health related to their area of expertise.

Some allied health professions, such as physiotherapy, may be accessed through patient self-referral or through physician referral

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Specialized consultative care, usually on referral from primary or secondary medical care personnel, by specialists working in a center that has personnel and facilities for special investigation and treatment.

For medical and surgical emergencies, these are adequately provided for, with a government-managed fleet of ambulances, including airlift capacities for more interior remote sites.

Tertiary Care Hospitals have recently made its presence felt in the Malaysian public healthcare sector, beginning in the 1980s, with the expansion and privatization of the University of Malaya Specialist Centre (Petaling Jaya), and the building of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur), and the renowned National Heart Institute (Institut Jantung Negara, IJN)

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These have provided excellent specialist care for several highly specialized medical disciplines such as cardiology, cardiothoracic surgery, nephrology, cancer care, neurology and some infectious diseases.

These however cater predominantly to our Malaysian civil servants, pensioners and their dependents (including many of our VVIPs)

In comparison, secondary medical care is the medical care provided by a physician who acts as a consultant at the request of the primary physician.

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 Just like many other developing countries, Malaysia is facing a serious challenge in how to finance rising demand for health services as the health system becomes more expensive. The past and projected total expenditure for health shows escalation driven by advancements in medicine and health technology.. MOH expenditure both in real and nominal terms has increased steadily though as a percentage of total government spending it has remained steady. 

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Year Budget of the MOH in RM bi l l ion

Change in %

Inhabitants in million

Expenditure per capita in RM

2005 8,997.01 19.07 25.58 352 2006 7,860.43 -12.6 26.13 301 2007 7,860.20 0.0033 26.64 327 2008 12,901.86 64.14 27.73 465 2009 13,716.04 6.31 28.31 484 2010 15,349.10 11.91 28. 7 542

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There are many medical care organizations which functions under government and also some act as non-profitable organization (NGO)

Example of organization found in Malaysia:

Malaysian Medical AssociationMercy Malaysia- HumanitarianNational Blood CentreNational Heart AssociationNational Cancer AgencyYJM Heart Foundation Institute of Public Health

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Over the past few years the government and the private institution had join hands to offer programs and consultation for awareness on preventing diseases that is common among the populations

Example of programs over the years:

1)No Smoking Campaigns2)Campaign on Preventing Dengue Fever3)Breast Cancer Awareness Programs4)Cervical Cancer Prevention Programs5)Aids Prevention Campaigns6)Diabetes Prevention and Control Programs7)Love Your Heart Campaigns

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