group 8b of social science
TRANSCRIPT
GROUP 8B OF SOCIAL SCIENCE- RIFKA HAYATI- HAARIS MILLAH MUHAMMAD- AKBAR ARIEF- PRIMA YOGI LOVINILTRA - MUHAMMAD AKMAL FIRDAUS ABDULLAH - LUQMAN YUMI - DEK WAN -AZRI AMINOR
Social science presentation
Definition
System: ....... Government: .......
Graphic of systems of government
.tak siap lagi.
Ini utk tengokkan peratus sistem yang di gunakan di seluruh negara.
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
20.4
27.4
90
20.4
30.6
38.634.6
31.6
45.9 46.9 45 43.9
East West North
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Legend orange - parliamentary republics green - presidential republics, executive presidency linked to a parliament yellow - presidential republics, semi-presidential system blue - presidential republics full presidential system red - parliamentary constitutional monarchies in which the monarch does not personally exercise power magenta - constitutional monarchies in which the monarch personally exercises power, often (but not always) alongside a weak parliament purple - absolute monarchies brown - republics where the dominant role of a single party is codified in the constitution dark green - countries where constitutional provisions for government have been suspended gray - countries that does not fit in any of the above listed systems
Note that this chart aims to represent de jure systems of government, not the de facto degree of democracy. Several states constitutionally deemed to be multiparty republics may also be broadly described as authoritarian states
M A P
System of Governance Presidential/Separated republics
Full presidential systems Presidential systems without a prime minister Presidential systems with a prime minister
Semi-presidential systems Directorial systems
Parliamentary republics Mixed republican systems Constitutional monarchies
Constitutional monarchies with ceremonial monarchs Constitutional monarchies with active monarchs
Absolute monarchies Theocracies Single political movement states Military junta states Transitional
System of Governance
Presidential/Separated republics“These are systems in which a president is the active head of the executive branch of government and is elected and remains in office independently of the legislature. ”The following list includes democratic and non democratic states: Full presidential systems
In full presidential systems, the president is both head of state and head of government. There is generally no prime minister, although if one exists he or she serves purely at the pleasure of the president.
Presidential systems without a prime minister such as Colombia, Indonesia, Philippines, Myanmar, Maldives, United States, Brazil, Afghanistan.
Presidential systems with a prime minister such as Kazakhstan, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Peru.
System of Governance
Semi-presidential systemsIn semi-presidential systems, there is usually both a president and a prime minister. In such systems, the president has genuine executive authority, unlike in a parliamentary republic, but some of the role of a head of government is exercised by the prime minister, such as France, Madagascar, Romania, Russia, Portugal, Somalia, Republic of China, Palestine.
Directorial systemsThe directorial system is the collective version of the presidential system. In a directorial republic a council jointly exercises both presidential and governmental powers. The council is appointed by the parliament (and democratically elected at local level), but it is not subject to political confidence during its term which has a fixed duration, such as Switzerland.
System of Governance
Parliamentary republics “T A parliamentary republic is a system in which a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature.”The president's degree of executive power may range from being reasonably significant (e.g. Pakistan) to little (e.g. India) or none at all (e.g. Ireland). Where the president holds little executive power, his or her function is primarily that of a symbolic figurehead. Singapore also belong to the parliamentary republics.
System of Governance
Mixed republican systems“A combined head of state and government is elected by the legislature, however they are not subject to parliamentary confidence during their term (although their cabinet is).”South Africa is such as example of this system of governance.
System of Governance
Constitutional monarchies “These are systems in which the head of state is a constitutional monarch; the
existence of their office and their ability to exercise their authority is established and restrained or held back by constitutional law.” Constitutional monarchies with ceremonial monarchs
Systems in which a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government. In some cases the prime minister is also leader of the legislature, in other cases the executive branch is clearly separated from legislature although the entire cabinet or individual ministers must step down in the case of a vote of no confidence. The head of state is a constitutional monarch who only exercises his or her powers with the consent of the government, the people or their representatives. Malaysia, Canada, Japan, Australia, Spain, United Kingdom, New Zealand are example of this system.
Constitutional monarchies with active monarchs The prime minister is the nation's active executive but the monarch still has considerable political powers that can be used at their own discretion. Monaco, Jordan, Kuwait are example of this system.
System of Governance
Absolute monarchies “Specifically, monarchies in which the monarch's exercise of power is unconstrained by any substantive constitutional law.”Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Brunei are such as example of this system of governance.
System of Governance
Theocracies States based on a state religion where the head of state is selected by some form of religious hierarchy.“Theocracy is a form of government in which the official policy is to be governed by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided, or simply pursuant to the doctrine of a particular religious group or religion.”From the perspective of the theocratic government, "God himself is recognized as the head" of the state, hence the term theocracy, from the Greek θεοκρατια "rule of God", a term used by Josephus for the kingdoms of Israel, Judah, Vatican.
System of Governance
Single political movement states “States in which political power is by law concentrated within a single political party whose operations are largely fused with the government hierarchy (as opposed to states where the law establishes a multi-party system but this fusion is not achieved anyway through electoral fraud or simple inertia). However, some do have elected governments”Country: Cuba, Democratic people’s North Korea, Laos, Vietnam,and also people’s Republic of China
System of Governance
Military junta states “The nation's military control the organs of government and all high-ranking political executives are also members of the military hierarchy such as Egypt.”
System of Governance
Transitional “States which have a system of government which is in transition or turmoil and are classified with the current direction of change.”- Eritrea (presidential republic)
- Libya
- Somalia (semi-presidential republic)
- Tunisia (semi-presidential republic)
Jenis-jenis Pemerintahan
Kerajaan Islam Daulah Khilafah Kerajaan Islam yang terawal merupakan Daulah Islamiyah yang terletak di Madinah pada tahun 622 Masihi dan dipimpin oleh Rasulullah (S.A.W) sendiri.Kerajaan Islam Daulah Khulafah diketuai oleh seorang pemerintah dengan gelaran Khalifah.Sistem dan struktur pemerintahan digariskan selari dengan Al-Quran dan Hadis menjadikan ia satu sistem yang sempurna lagi menyeluruh.
[Kelebihan] Kerajaan Islam Daulah Khilafah Perlantikan pemerintah dilakukan melalui Majlis Syura dengan
penilaian yang rapi untuk mencari individu yang betul-betul layak, hebat dari segi agama dan juga kepimpinan.
Perundangan pula bersifat tetap dan adil, tidak mengira darjat atau keturunan, memastikan hukuman setimpal dijalakan mengikut hukum-hukum yang telah ditetapkan Al-Quran dan Hadis.
Islam sebagai gaya hidup yang sempurna disebarkan ke seluruh pelusuk kerajaan.
[Kekurangan] Kerajaan Islam Daulah Khilafah Masyarakat dunia sukar untuk menerima konsep
pemerintahan Daulah Khulafah kerana mereka telah diracuni oleh musuh-musuh Islam yang menjaja konsep Islamophobia.
Walaupun agama Islam itu sendiri bersifat menyeluruh, masyarakat dunia bimbang jika perlaksanaan pemerintahan cara Islam dijalankan, mereka akan menjadi mundur sedangkan mereka tidak memahami konsep Islam dan tidak pula ingin mempelajarinya.
Pemerintahan Otoriter“Bentuk pemerintahan yang bercirikan penekanan terhadap hak-hak dan kebebasan rakyat.”
OTORITER
O T O R I T E R
Kelebihan Penekanan konflik
masyrakat
Mudah mmbentuk integrasi
[Kelebihan] Pemerintahan Otoriter Konflik dalam masyarakat cenderung berkurang
karena adanya pengawasan hal-hal yang dianggap dapat menggoncangkan masyarakat
Mudah membentuk penyeragaman/integritas dan konsensus yang diharapkan khususnya secara umum pada negara sedang membangun yang memerlukan kestabilan
OTORITER
[Kekurangan] Pemerintahan Otoriter Adanya penekanan terhadap keinginan untuk
bebas mengemukakan pendangan/ pendapat Mudah terjadi pembredelan penerbitan media
yang cenderung menghancurkan kreatifitas. Tertutupnya kesempatan untuk berkreasi.
OTORITER
Pemerintahan Demokrasi“Bentuk/ mekanisme sistem pemerintah suatu negara sebagai upaya mewujudkan kedaulatan rakyat (kekuasaan warganegara) atas negara untuk dijalankan oleh pemerintah negara tersebut.”
DEMOKRASI
Kelebihan
•Kesadaran politik •Partisipasi msyarakat terhadap negara
Kekurangan
•Tidak efektif pda masyarakat yang ramai •Banyaknya ideology politik •Berpotensi melahirkan konflik
DEMOKRASI
[Kelebihan] Pemerintahan Demokrasi Menjamin kendali warganegara terhadap kekuasaan
politik Mendorong warganegara meningkatkan kapasitas
pribadinya misalnyameningkatkan kesadaran politik, meningkatkan pengetahuan pribadi dll
Membuat warganegara tidak tergantung pada politisi yang memiliki kepentingan sempit
DEMOKRASI
[Kekurangan] Pemerintahan Demokrasi Sulit dioperasikan pada masyarakat yang
berukuran besar Sulit menghindari bias kelompok dominan Masyarakat lebih dekat dengan (konflik) politik
dan karenanya berpotensi melahirkan kehidupan bersama yang tidak stabil
DEMOKRASI
Pemerintahan Demokrasi Terpimpin“Bentuk.............”
DEMOKRASI TERPIMPIN
Demokrasi
terpimpin
Terlibat dalam proses
pembuat kebijakan
Kesadaran politik yang
tinggi
Kepentingan
bersama
DEMOKRASI TERPIMPIN
[Kelebihan] Pemerintahan Demokrasi Terpimpin Memberikan kesempatan yang lebih baik bagi masyarakat
untuk terlibat dalam proses pembuatan kebijakan; tanpa mendekatkan mereka dengan (konflik) politik
Mendorong warganegara untuk selalu memiliki kesadaran politik yang tinggi dan selalu memperkaya diri dengan pengetahuan tentang perkembangan masyaraktnya
Mendorong warganegara untuk selalu memikirkan kepentingan bersama
DEMOKRASI TERPIMPIN
[Kekurangan] Pemerintahan Demokrasi Terpimpin Memerlukan masyarakat dengan tingkat
pendidikan yang tinggi dan sarana komunikasi yang modern
DEMOKRASI TERPIMPIN
DEMOKRASI TERPIMPIN
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