MAKTAB RENDAH SAINS MARA KEPALA BATAS,

LOT 8781, JALAN BERTAM,

13200 KEPALA BATAS,

PULAU PINANG.

FOLIO KERJAYA:

Aeronautical engineer

NAMA : MUHAMMAD AQIL B. ZULKIFLI.

KELAS : 508

NO MAKTAB : 09429

GURU : PUAN HASLINA BT. ABD AZIZ.

Biodata Pelajar.

Nama : Muhammad Aqil b. Zulkifli.

Kelas : 508

No IC : 930718-14-5083

Nomak : 09429

Kerjaya Impian : Jurutera Aeronautik

ISI KANDUNGAN

No.

Perkara M/S

1. W - Work Condition

2. I - Implications For Lifestyle.

3. N - Nature Of Work

4. N - Need By Society And Community

5. E - Entry, Training And Prospects

6. R - Related Occupations

7. S - Succesful Personal Attributes

Introduction of Aeronautical Engineer.

Aeronaitical engineering is one of the most challenging fields of engineering with a wide

scope for growth. This field deals with the development of new technology in the field of

aviation, space exploration and defence systems. Aeronautical engineering expanded

dramatically after 1940. Flight speeds increased from a few hundred miles per hour to satellite

and space-vehicle velocities. The common means of propulsion changed from propellers to

turboprops, turbojets, ramjets, and rockets. This change gave rise to new applications of basic

science to the field and a higher reliance on theory and high-speed computers in design and

testing, since it was often not feasible to proceed by experimental methods only. 

Job description

An aeronautical engineer applies scientific and technological principles to research, design,

maintain, test and develop the performance of civil and military aircraft, missiles, weapons

systems, satellites and space vehicles.

The role is focused on enhancing high-quality flight safety and standards, as well as

reducing system costs and, increasingly, the environmental impact of air travel. Aeronautical

engineering offers a wide range of roles. Most engineers specialise in a particular area, such as

research, design, testing, manufacture or maintenance. The aerospace industry is well established

in the UK, and constant expansion in air travel means that there are many roles available.

W - Work Condition

Let start with workplace where an aeronautical engineer work. An aeronautical engineers

usually work in offices at airports and visit aircraft workshops or hangars to inspect aircraft that

require modifications or repairs. They work also will undertaken in a design or airport office or

aeronautical laboratory, with visits to sites, other industrial companies and experimental

establishments for resolving issues that arise during the design, development and testing

processes. They also travel overseas to inspect aircraft and attend courses and conferences on

aeronautical engineering. There are danger situation for the safety of an aeronautical engineer

and other worker when work at the workshops or hangars but they all have known and do the

safety requirements when at there, just like other occupations. So if there are any accidents

happen, it is out of human control.

Then about physical aspects that must have to be an aeronautical engineer. An aeronautical

engineer needs to be physically fit and fully dedicated to his work. Aeronautical engineers need

to have, knowledge of aircraft structures and engine systems, a good understanding of

aerodynamics (how aircraft fly) and thermodynamics (the effects of heat on aircraft), knowledge

of design techniques and engineering principles, an understanding of mechanical processes and

the metals and alloys used in aircraft, knowledge of civil aviation laws and regulations, the

ability to explain complicated ideas in simple language for report writing or to express design

plans to aircraft engineers and technicians, analytical and problem-solving skills, mathematical

and computer-aided design (CAD) skills.

What kind of personality do I need? Because this occupation sets high requirements

aeronautical engineers must pay exceptional attention to perfectionism in their work. They must

be able to maintain the high standards set during training. These characteristics are very

important because mistakes are often fatal. To become an successful engineer, you must are

highly intelligent, excellent team players, keen on challenges, self-motivated, innovative and

lateral thinkers. They also have the capacity for highly technical and analytical thinking.

Aeronautical engineers also need to be confident, adaptable, creative, practical and accurate.

They also need to be able to work well under pressure and make good decisions.

 

For an aeronautical engineer they have longer hours than other engineer depends on their

responsibilities, experience and also the damages of the plane that needed highly observations

from the engineers. Overall, working hours are mainly nine to five, but extra hours may be

required to complete projects to deadlines. Aeronautical engineers often work on an 'on-call'

basis for consultation if there is a request to change the priority of repairs or modifications or in

case of emergency investigation. Travel within a working day and absence from home at night

are necessary for visits to aircraft workshops or hangars to inspect aircraft that require

modifications or repairs.

Looking at hours of working of an aeronautical engineer, we must be expected their

salaries or pays are high. Their salaries vary depends on their experience and responsibilities,

and also their qualifications. In Malaysia, range of typical starting salaries is RM 1,500 – RM

2,200 depends on your employers. Higher starting salaries may be offered to those with Masters

or research qualifications. But for engineer with three to five years experience the range of

typical salaries is RM 4,500 – RM 7,500. And lastly for senior levels is more than RM 10,000

and above.

N - Nature Of Work

The nature of work for an aeronautical engineer are vary depends on their expertise. The

nature of work also bring the same meaning with task or work activities. Generally, work as

aeronautical engineer is quite tough and sophisticated. Typical work activities vary according to

the role and employer, with most aeronautical engineers specialising in a specific area. Within

each specialism, tasks typically involve undertaking blue sky research or applied research.

Blue sky research is involve developing and using fundamental physical processes and

physics laws in a controlled environment. And applied research concerns the application of blue

sky research and is undertaken in a design environment, industry or university research centre.

Other than that is investigating the use of new materials or improving existing materials

used in aeroplane making process. Then, an aeronautical engineer applying the principles of

science and technology to the creative design of aircraft components and support equipment and

researching and developing design specifications. To make workdone gonna be perfect,

aeronautical engineer undertaking systematic manufacturing, involving the assembly and

modification of components. They also supervising the assembly of airframes and the installation

of engines, instruments and other equipment.

For certain, situation aeronautical engineer also participating in flight test programmes to

measure take-off distances, rate of climb, stall speeds, manoeuvrability and landing capacities. In

addition, they also role as catalyst to resolving issues that arise during the design, development

and testing processes.

For daily task, in airport or workshops, they will maintaining aircraft for full operation,

involving regular inspections, maintenance and servicing. Moreover, they are responsible to

measuring and improving the performance of aircraft, components and systems and modifying

designs to improve safety features or minimise fuel consumption and pollution to the nature.

As a leader in a team, aeronautical engineer must developing repair procedures, working

out and managing schedules for repair and maintenance for aeroplanes and helicopters that under

Their management. It is to make sure that all of their group members will do their job right on

time to avoid any mistakes from fatal.

If there are any aircraft accidents happen, he will responsible to investigate the causes or

the reason it happen. They will collating information, interpreting data and publishing the results

of specific projects or accidents in technical report form. In office They store paperwork for

approved data like drawings, technical instructions, assessments and calculations. And

aeronautical engineer also role as project managing, including scheduling resources and staff and

managing budgets.

For an aeronautical engineer, they will work with machine and other people, both of

them. Not like certain engineer in other expertise and other scope, that only work with computer

and machine. But it different with aeronautical engineer that need a lot to communicate with

other person in work.

Aeronautical engineer working with teams, suppliers, clients and managers to agree

budgets, timescales and specifications. But for fresh meat aeronautical engineer's usually work

in teams under the  supervision of senior engineers, bringing together their skills and technical

expertise. Even they have became senior engineer also, they need a team to working with it.

Aeronautical engineer also communicating technical and regulatory advice to clients, teams,

suppliers and other professionals within the aerospace industry and presenting data to groups and

individuals.

E - Entry, Training And Prospects

Entry requirements

For secondary school’s students, to be able qualified to take aeronautical engineering

course in university. They must get A in Add Math, Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics, and

English in their SPM’s result.

After that in university a relevant degree subject areas include physical, mathematical,

applied science and engineering. The following subjects in particular may increase your chances:

aeronautical engineering;

mechanical engineering;

physics or applied physics;

production or manufacturing engineering;

electrical and electronic engineering;

computer science or software engineering;

mathematics.

Candidates need to show evidence of the following:

strong technical knowledge and lateral thinking;

meticulous attention to detail;

a level of commercial awareness;

strong communication and teamworking skills;

ability to work to deadlines with self-motivation;

ability to think creatively;

problem-solving and analytical skills;

ability to cope with new demands and new problems to be solved;

a genuine love of aviation, aircraft and flight technology.

Language skills may be useful because of joint ventures and the possibility of opportunities to

travel to company sites outside Malaysia.

It is illegal for employers to discriminate against candidates on the grounds of age, gender, race,

disability, sexual orientation or religious faith.

There are many institutes and university in Malaysia that offer aeronautical engineering course

like figure below :

Malaysian Aerospace Engineering Schools and UniversitiesUndergraduate BS BE, Graduate MS and PhD Programs in Aerospace Engineering in Malaysia

Aerospace Engineering Universities in Malaysia offering Aerospace Engineering degree programs at bachelors (under-graduate), masters (graduate) and PhD levels. Aerospace Engineering information on diplomas, certification and degree options in aerospace in Malaysia.

 Aerospace Engineering University in Skudai, Johor, MalaysiaTechnology University of Malaysia (UTM)The Technology University of Malaysia or Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) offers undergraduate and graduate programs in Aeronautics and Aerospace Engineering. The faculty of Mechanical engineering at UTM is involving in the programs in aeronautics. The following programs are offered at UTM,

Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical - Aeronautics) M.Eng in Mechanical - Advance manufacturing  technology

 Aerospace Engineering University in Penang, MalaysiaUniversity of Science, Malaysia (USM)The University of Science or Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) located in Penang, Malaysia school of Aerospace Engineering offers undergraduate and graduate programs in the field of Aerospace Engineering. Aerospace Engineering University in Serdang, Selangor MalaysiaPutra University Malaysia (UPM)The Putra University Malaysia or Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) located in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Faculty of Engineering offers engineering programs in aeronautical and aerospace engineering. Aerospace Engineering University in Kuala Lumpur MalaysiaInternational Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)The International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM) located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Khulliyyah of Engineering offers engineering programs at undergraduate and graduate level in the field of Aerospace Engineering. University of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology (MIAT)The Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology (MIAT) part of University of Kuala Lumpur located in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia offers engineering courses and programs at undergraduate and graduate level in Aviation Technology. Malaysian institute of aviation technology offers,

Diploma in Aircraft Maintenance Technology (Avionics) Diploma in Aircraft Maintenance Technology (Composite) Diploma in Aircraft Maintenance Technology (Manufacturing)

MARA University of Technology - Aerospace EngineeringMara University of Technology offers the following engineering courses,

Aerospace and Materials (Flight Mechanics) Aerospace and Materials (Advanced Materials)

Global Aerospace Academy of MalaysiaCAE Global Academy HM Aerospace offers the following courses,

Private Pilot License Course (PPL) Assistant Flight Instructor Course (AFI) Airline Transport Pilot License Course (ATPL) Commercial Pilot Licence/Instrument Rating (Aeroplane) with Frozen Airline Transport Pilot Licence

Course (CPL/IR (A) with Frozen ATPL)The courses offered are in accordance with the Department of Civil Aviation and Malaysian Civil Air Regulations (MCAR).

Training

Training is usually undertaken while working. It is vital to keep up to date with

technology, as developments in the fast-moving aerospace industry are closely linked to other

scientific progresses.

Training varies between organisations but most large companies offer structured training

and encourage professional/chartered status, particularly those with graduate employment

schemes. Some company training schemes are accredited by professional bodies. Companies

usually offer in-service training and short courses to meet specific training needs.

Some employers work closely with universities to develop appropriate programmes for

staff at different levels and in different specialisms. The larger companies invest not only in

technical training, but also specialist topics including:

leadership and change management;

project management;

information technology.

Other employers, however, are unable to provide broad training experience themselves, and it is

important to check what arrangements they have in place.

In Malaysia, UTM or Universiti Teknologi Malaysia is the first institution in Malaysia that

offered Aeronautical Engineering course with the introduction of Diploma in Aeronautical

Engineering in 1980, a joint program with the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF). Then, the

degree Aeronautical Engineering course was introduced, which is an area of specialization in

Mechanical Engineering. Apart from providing the education courses, with its long presence,

UTM is considered one of the best institutions that can provide students with facilities for

research and development.

Another government initiative to support the aviation need in Malaysia is the collaboration

between Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA) under the Ministry of Entrepreneur and Cooperative

Development and Northrop Rice Institute USA Inc. In the partnership, Northrop Rice Institute

was assigned as the technology provider for development of aircraft maintenance technology.

The initial set was in Jasin, Melaka and with the growth and increasing demand, a new facility

was designed and completed in 2002, which takes place in Dengkil, Selangor. It is now known as

Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology (MIAT). Additionally,

Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) has their own School of Aerospace Engineering which offer

two specializations – Aeronautical Engineering and Astronautical Engineering.

In February 2008, AirAsia Berhad and TAFE College in Seremban signed a memorandum

that is tailored to initiate AirAsia support program, which includes the use of TAFE’s workshop

facilities used to complete training in basic engineering skills. The memorandum will also see

how TAFE college can assist to accommodate the long term need of aircraft maintenance

engineer training. AirAsia adopt more than 60 modules of training programs, which enable the

trainee engineers to qualify as licensed aircraft maintenance engineers who are recognized both

by European and international standard.

Prospects

Without doubt, there is high demand for engineering specialization, and aeronautical is not

spared. Perhaps with the sending of our first angkasawan into the space, many students now

aspire to be in the aerospace and aeronautical field. First of all, aeronautical engineering is a sub-

branch of aerospace engineering.

It gives an indication that aeronautical and aerospace engineering related courses will

potentially present a challenge to an aspiring engineering wishing to go into the said

specialization.

Aviation companies like AirAsia and MAS (Malaysia Airlines System) periodically

advertise engineering related positions in their websites, many of which requiring people with

aeronautical background. Also, it is worth to note that aeronautical is an important element in

defense, particularly military air. Many local engineering entities related to aircrafts and

aeronautical are initiated and founded by those who served the Royal Malaysia Armed Forces

before. Malaysia’s development is at risk of facing a slowdown, as the country is facing shortage

of engineers.

Without the proper attention and due courses, the brain drain problem would continue to

haunt and eventually cripple the nation’s hope to becoming a center of technology development.

According to the President of Institute of Engineers Malaysia (IEM), Prof Datuk Chuah Hean

Tei, the country needs about 200,000 engineers by the year 2020. As it stands, there are only

about 60,000 qualified engineers in Malaysia at the moment.

R - Related Occupations

Since aeronautical himselves are branches of engineering field, it is highly likely that some

specific subjects and syllabus covered during your studies can be made good use in other

specializations.

For example, design, maintenance, control, material, fluid mechanics, aerodynamics and

others are useful in other fields such as structural, civil, utility and even Formula 1. Like we

know, now Malaysia own a F1 company, Lotus Proton that participates in F1 race. For example,

if a graduated in aeronautical did not get a job with in aeronautical related company, he can work

as an engineer with the national utility company, Tenaga Nasional Berhad, TNB.

There are some job that are related to jobs like an aeronautical engineer. First is an

aircraft engineer. Aircraft engineers research, design, manufacture and maintain aircraft. They

work on any and every mechanical aspect of the craft, including airframes, hydraulics and

pneumatics, engines and fuel systems and control and communications systems. Aircraft

engineers are responsible for repairing, replacing, assembling and installing aircraft parts. They

also troubleshoot by testing aircraft systems to identify the source or cause of malfunctions. They

inspect parts for damage or general wear, perform routine maintenance tasks, and make entries in

technical records. They carry out the regulatory routine and special inspections, and certify that

maintenance is meeting the correct standards. In addition, they are responsible for supervising

aircraft maintenance workers, and for working with teams, suppliers, clients and managers to

agree budgets, timescales and specifications for work undertaken.

Secondly is avionics engineering tradesperson. Avionics engineering tradesperson

areresponsible for repair or overhaul aircraft electrical / electro-mechanical components,

instrumentation and display system components. They also perform routine pre-flight

inspections. They inspect, dismantle and reassemble aircraft engines, electrical systems or

aircraft frames. They also install, test, align and troubleshoot aircraft communication equipment,

instruments and electronic systems. Lastly, they explain and apply safety procedures and

practices.

Third is an electrical engineer. Electrical engineers design new and better electronics. They

also test equipment and solve problems. A project starts by deciding what the new electronics

will do. Then, the engineer designs the circuits and other parts of the electronics. Engineers

might draw their designs using a computer. Later, the engineers test their designs and make them

better. Many projects don't work at first. The engineers have to figure out why and then fix them.

Electrical engineers work on many kinds of products. They might work on cars, robots, cell

phone systems, the lighting and wiring in buildings, and radar and navigation systems. Some

examples of high-tech projects that electrical and electronics engineers work on are global

positioning systems that can pinpoint a car's location, giant generators that can power entire

cities, or a new design for an airplane's electrical system. Engineers work in offices, labs, or

industrial plants. Many work a normal 40-hour week. At times, they work longer to meet

deadlines.

Fourth is an electronics engineer. An electronic engineer is someone who is responsible

for designing electronics, quality assurance, and project management. They are fully certified

engineers who have completed an undergraduate degree in electronic engineering. Electronic

engineers find employment in manufacturing, research, and product development. Electronic

engineers design many new electronic products. These products range from the simple radio to a

global positioning system or GPS. Electronics engineers study, design and oversee production of

electronic equipment such as radios, televisions, computers, washing machines and

telecommunication systems. They may also service equipment..

Fifth is a maintenance and diagnostics engineers. Maintenance and diagnostics

engineers make, fit and repair parts for machines and related equipment used on boats, farms,

sawmills and mining sites, as well as in factories and oil refineries.Maintenance and diagnostics

engineers do some of all of the following like study and interpret engineering drawings, decide

on suitable materials and working methods, measure and mark out metals for cutting, set and

operate machines, cut and shape metals, check work f or accuracy, join metal pieces by welding,

repair machines and their parts, carry out maintenance checks on machines and diagnose any

faults, clean and install equipment and machinery.

Sixth is a mechanical engineer. Mechanical engineers design and give advice on the

building and repair of machines and tools. They also investigate problems and faults with

machinery, and study ways to improve manufacturing and energy production. Mechanical

engineers are typically involved with the generation, distribution, and use of energy; the

processing of materials; the control and automation of manufacturing systems; the design and

development of machines; and the solutions to environmental problems. Research, testing

manufacturing, operations, marketing, and administration are some other key activities

associated with practicing Mechanical Engineers. Mechanical engineers are characterized by

personal creativity, breadth of knowledge, and versatility. They are also valuable and reliable

multidisciplinary team members. The technical subject areas that form the main basis for their

work include mechanics, energy transfer and conversion, design and manufacturing, and the

engineering sciences. Through clever use of analysis, modeling, design, and synthesis, they solve

important problems to improve quality of life. Mechanical engineers work on teams responsible

for developing a wide range of products and systems including, for example, space shuttle

vehicles, aircraft of all sizes and shapes, automobiles, turbines, pumps, power plants, and

factories.

ATTACHMENTS

Gambar 1 : Selepas temu bual.

Gambar 2 & 3 : Reaksi Encik Samsudin ketika ditemu bual

Gambar 4 : Encik Samsudin sentiasa tenang ditemu bual.

Central Aerospace Design

CD & SOFTCOPY