FERTILIZER LABORATORY

Baja- bahan yang ditambah pada tanah untuk menjadikan tumbuhan lebih subur.

Membekalkan nutrien seperti N,K,P,Mg,B dan unsur kimia yang berkaitan dengan proses pembesaran tumbuhan.

PENGENALAN (Analisis baja)

Jenis baja

Baja tunggal* 1 unsur nutrisi dan kadangkala mempunyai ½ unsur kecil lain.

Baja sebatian* Campuran

beberapa baja tunggal yang dicampurkan secara kimia.

Baja campuran* Campuran

beberapa jenis baja tunggal secara fizikal mengunakan

mesin.

Memeriksa unsur-unsur seperti N,P,K,Mg dan B.

Menjaga kualiti produk. Kawalan mutu. Memastikan kandungan nutrisi baja mencukupi

untuk dibekalkan kepada tumbuhan Memeriksa kelembapan baja. Memastikan spesifikasi nutrisi yang dilakukan

oleh pihak kilang dibenarkan oleh RISDA.

Tujuan analisis baja

BAJA

Nitrogen (N)*EA

*Buchi Distillation

Potassium (K)

*Spectrophotometer

*ICP

Magnesium (Mg)*ICP*ASS

Phosporus (P)

*Spectrophotometer

*ICP

Boron (B)*Spectrophot

ometer*ICP

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Flame Photometer

spectrophotometer

Element Analysis

Inductively Coupled Plasma Buchi Distillation

KAEDAH

1. ANALISIS BAJA EA- Elementar Analyzer (Nitrogen shj) Kaedah Kjedahl (manual)2. SAIZ ZARAH (particle size)3. KELEMBAPAN (moisture)4. ICP (Untuk elemen lain kecuali N)

ANALISIS BAJA

KAEDAH PERTAMA(EA-ELEMENTAR ANALYZER)

TIMBANG BAJA

CATAT BERAT (30.000mg)

TAMBAH TUNGSTAN LIPAT TIN KAPSUL

MASUKKAN DALAM TRAY

EA MESIN

KAEDAH KEDUA(KJEDAHL)

TIMBANG (1.00g)

- TABLET KJEDAHL-1/2 SUDU

THIOSULPHATE

ASID TOTAL NSTIRRER

-PANASKAN 180C SELAMA 1 JAM

-NAIKAN SUHU 360C UNTUK 6JAM

-MASUKKAN BORIC ASID

-5 TITIK INDICATOR (N)BUCHI DISTILLATION

TITRATION

SAIZ ZARAH (PARTICLE SIZE)

MASUKKAN DALAM BIKAR

MASUKKAN DALAM

SARINGAN

AYAKLAPISAN 1

LAPISAN 2

LAPISAN 3

MASUKKAN DALAM BIKAR

TIMBANG

MASUKKAN DALAM PLASTIK

KELEMBAPAN (MOISTURE)

ICP (UNTUK ELEMEN LAIN KECUALI N)

Daftar baja

Pindah ke plastik vial

Kisar baja Timbang baja

Isi air 70ml

Isi HCL dan Nitrik Asid

(2:1) Digest

Pindah ke volumetric

flask

Mark up Turas

Pindah ke plastik

vial

-Pindah ke test tube.-ICP

RUMUSAN

NUTRIEN SUMBER KANDUNGAN NUTRIEN (%)

FUNGSI

 Nitrogen  

 Urea

 (46% N)

  1. Penting dalam pembentukan klorofil dan

kehijauan daun pokok untuk proses fotosintisis.

2.  Membantu didalam pembentukan asid amino (protein) dan enzim-enzim yang diperlukan oleh pokok.

3.    Membantu pertumbuhan pokok. 4.    Meningkatkan berat tandan. 

 Phosphorus

 Rock Phosphate

 (32% P2O5)

 1. Membantu proses fotosintisis dan proses

pemindahan tenaga.2. Merangsang pertumbuhan akar pokok.3. Penting untuk proses pembiakan.4. Meningkatkan berat tandan.

  Potassium

 Muriate Of Potash (MOP)

 (60% K2O)

 1. Membantu didalam proses kimia dalaman

pokok seperti pengeluaran enzim-enzim yang diperlukan oleh pokok.

2.  Mengawal keperluan air dan pengangkutan makanan pokok.

3.   Menguatkan ketahanan pokok dari penyakit.

 Magnesium Oxide 

 Magnesite  Kiesrite  

 (90% MgO) (27% MgO)

  1.      Penting dalam proses pembentukan

klorofil. 2.    Komponen penting didalam ribosom dan

pembuatan protin.  

 Boron  

 Borate

 (46% B2O5)

  1. Komponen penting didalam proses

penguraian kabohidrat untuk keperluan pokok.

2.     Penting untuk pengembangan sel dan tisu pokok.

 

DATA AKHIR  NO. LOKASI JENIS LO DO KILANG JUMLAH ANALISIS   NILAI SEPATUTNYA   NILAI PERBEZAAN   1=TIDAK MENGIKUT SPESIFIKASI

QTT MAKMAL   BAJA       KAMPIT % TOTAL % TOTAL % TOTAL MS-MENGIKUT SPESIFIKASI TOTAL BIL STATUS

                ^N ^P2O5 ^K2O ^MgO ^B2O3 # ^N ^P2O5 ^K2O ^MgO ^B2O3 # ^N ^P2O5 ^K2O ^MgO ^B2O3 # ^N ^P2O5 ^K2O ^MgO ^B2O3 NUTRIEN TMS MS=0,TMS=1

1 1 RISDA 3Z     ALL 30 8.9 5.6 17.6 2.0 0.4 34.5 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -1.1 -6.7 -2.2 -2.5 -18.0 -2.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 2 RISDA 3Z     COSMOS   8.3 5.9 17.2 2.1 0.5 34.0 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -7.3 -1.8 -4.4 2.5 -4.0 -4.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 3 RISDA 3Z       8.4 5.7 16.8 2.5 0.5 33.9 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -6.2 -5.8 -6.4 25.0 -10.0 -4.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 4 RISDA 3Z       8.5 5.8 16.9 2.6 0.5 34.2 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -5.6 -3.7 -6.1 30.0 -8.0 -3.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 5 RISDA 3Z       8.5 5.4 17.2 2.4 0.5 34.0 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -5.6 -10.2 -4.4 20.0 -8.0 -4.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 6 RISDA 3Z       8.6 5.5 16.8 2.5 0.4 33.8 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -4.4 -8.7 -6.7 25.0 -16.6 -4.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 7 RISDA 3Z       8.5 5.5 17.5 2.6 0.4 34.5 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -6.1 -8.0 -2.8 30.0 -12.0 -2.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 8 RISDA 3Z     28 8.4 5.5 17.6 2.4 0.4 34.3 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -6.7 -8.8 -2.2 20.0 -12.0 -3.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

9 9 RISDA 3Z       8.7 5.6 17.2 2.1 0.5 34.1 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -3.9 -6.7 -4.4 7.0 -6.0 -4.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 10 RISDA 3Z       8.6 5.6 17.5 2.1 0.5 34.3 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -4.4 -6.8 -2.7 7.0 -8.0 -3.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11 11 RISDA 3Z       8.4 5.8 17.2 2.1 0.5 34.0 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -6.7 -3.3 -4.2 3.0 0.0 -4.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12 12 RISDA 3Z     27 8.7 5.4 17.1 2.1 0.5 33.9 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -2.9 -10.0 -4.8 7.0 2.0 -4.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

13 13 LDG. RISDA TG. GENTING RISDA 3Z       8.6 5.5 17.2 2.1 0.5 34.0 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -4.4 -9.0 -4.4 7.0 8.0 -4.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

14 14 E 1 C 1 - 27 ABDFG(7) RISDA 3Z       8.6 5.7 17.3 2.1 0.5 34.1 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -4.4 -5.5 -4.2 3.0 -2.2 -4.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

15 15 RISDA 3Z       8.7 5.5 16.9 2.2 0.4 33.8 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -2.9 -7.7 -6.1 12.0 -16.0 -4.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

16 16 RISDA 3Z       8.6 5.7 17.2 2.0 0.5 34.1 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -4.0 -5.3 -4.2 2.0 -1.0 -4.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

17 17 RISDA 3Z     25 8.6 5.5 17.6 2.1 0.5 34.3 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -4.4 -7.9 -2.5 3.0 7.2 -3.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

18 18 RISDA 3Z       8.5 5.5 17.4 2.0 0.5 33.9 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -5.6 -7.8 -3.3 -1.5 -6.6 -4.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

19 19 RISDA 3Z       8.4 5.5 17.3 2.0 0.5 33.7 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -6.2 -9.0 -3.7 0.0 -2.0 -5.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

20 20 RISDA 3Z       8.6 5.5 17.2 2.2 0.4 34.0 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -4.4 -7.7 -4.2 10.0 -12.0 -4.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

21 21 RISDA 3Z       8.7 5.4 17.4 2.0 0.5 34.0 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -3.3 -10.0 -3.1 0.5 -4.0 -4.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

22 22 RISDA 3Z       8.5 5.5 17.4 2.1 0.5 34.1 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -5.1 -8.0 -3.3 4.5 6.0 -4.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

23 23 RISDA 3S       8.5 5.5 17.5 2.1 0.5 34.0 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -5.9 -8.7 -2.8 4.0 -2.0 -4.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

24 24 RISDA 3S       8.6 5.5 17.0 2.1 0.5 33.8 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -4.4 -7.7 -5.3 4.5 5.4 -4.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

25 25   RISDA 3Z       8.7 5.4 17.1 2.2 0.5 33.9 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -3.3 -10.0 -4.8 7.5 -4.0 -4.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

26 26   RISDA 3Z       8.5 5.8 17.1 2.0 0.5 33.9 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -5.6 -3.3 -5.3 2.0 0.0 -4.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

27 27 RISDA 3Z       8.6 5.5 17.2 2.2 0.5 34.1 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -4.0 -7.7 -4.4 12.0 0.0 -3.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

          PURATA     8.6 5.6 17.2 2.2 0.5 34.1 9.0 6.0 18.0 2.0 0.5 35.5 -4.8 -6.9 -4.2 11.1 -6.2 -4.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SOLITARY FERTILIZER

* Contain only 1 type of nutrient for plants.

COMPOUND FERTILIZER

* Homogenous, contain 2 or

more essential nutrients. Mixed

through a chemical process.

T Y P E S O F F E R T I L I Z E R

MIXTURE FERTILIZER

* Homogenous, contain 2 or

more essential nutrients.

Doesn't involve chemical process.

EXAMPLE OF FERTILIZER

Urea Kieserite (Kie) Muriate Of Potash (MOP) Ammonia nitrate Ammonia sulphate Ground phosphate rock Baja Organik Espek (BOE) Factory’s fertilizer (K) Risda Fertilizer (RB1, RB2, RB3, RB4)

Main purpos

e

To check the elements ( N,

K, Mg)

Quality

Fertilizer’s

moisture

Enough nutrients for

plant’s growth

To check whether the nutrient’s

specifications that produced by

a factory is correct.

TYPES OF MACHINE USED

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Spectrophotometer

Inductively Coupled Plasma

- Magnesium

-Boron- Potassium- Magnesium- Phosphorus

-Boron- Potassium- Phosphorus

Buchi DistillationElemental Analyzer

- Nitrogen

Flame Photometer

- Nitrogen -The function is same as spectrophotometer

METHODOLOGY

ICP

KJEDAHL

MOISTURE

ELEMENTARY

ANALYSIS (EA)

Back

N

Back

N

Back

MOISTURE CONTENT

Registration Transfer into a plastic vial Grind

Weigh 2.500 g into

a beaker

Pour 70ml distilled waterIsi air

70ml

Pour HCl and Nitric Acid (2:1)

FERTILIZER ANALYSIS: P, K, Mg,B

Heating process (hot plate)

Transfer to the volumetric flask

Mark up the calibration

mark.

Filter the solution Transfer the solution to plastic vial

Transfer to test tube. To be check

using ICP.

FERTILIZER ANALYSIS: P, K, Mg,B

FERTILIZERAim : to determine the contain of element e.g. K, Mg, P, Ca in the fertilizer followed by the specification.

Instrument used:Inductively Coupled Plasma(ICP)- determine all element at one time include heavy metal if necessary.Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer(AAS) & UV Spectrophotometer - one element at a time.

Determination of pH value

Determination of moisture

content

Determination of potassium

Determination of magnesium

Determination of phosphorus

Trace element

FERTILIZER ANALYSIS

DETERMINATION OF POTASSIUM AND MAGNESIUM

Why we need potassium and magnesium?

POTASSIUM - provide the ionic environment for metabolic process in cytosol.(growth regulation)

- potassium ions (K+) for protein synthesis and opening and closing of stomata.

MAGNESIUM - part of chlorophyll in plant for photosynthesis

METHOD  Method for the determination of magnesium

Determination of water-soluble magnesium content (MgO) Principle

Magnesium in magnesium sulphate fertilizers is extracted in boiling water and the magnesium content determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Reference: MS 417: Part 6: 1994

PROCEDURE•Sample preparation

-registration

-drying

-grinding

•Weigh the sample•Add distilled water and HCl

Digest the solution using hot plate at boiling point around 20minutes

Leave to cool Transfer into volumetric flask and dilute to

the mark (250ml) Mixed the solution and filter in plastic vial

Further dilution(100ml) Add strontium nitrate(5ml) and dilute to the

mark To remove phosphate from magnesium and

calcium and prevent interference from other elements

Preparation for Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Standard stock solution

- Potassium dihydrogen sulphate solution- Magnesium sulphate solution

For 1000ppm,weigh 4.3928g. Dry in oven for 2 hours Undergo further dilution(m1v1=m2v2) 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 ppm

Pre-calibrate the AAS with standard stock solution

Run the AAS Then, we can determine the concentration

of the solution

DETERMINATION OF PHOSPHORUS

Why phosphorus important to plant?

• Essential to stimulate early plant growth and hastens the maturity.

• Development of root health.• Classified as macronutrient.

Methodology:• molybdovanadate method (yellow method).Reference:•MS 417: Part 4: 1994Apparatus:Spectrophotometer.Principle:•Amount of light transmitted (yellow colour) dependent on the concentration of phosphorus. •Spectophotometric absorption curve from known standard phosphorus solutions determined in unknown solution.

Standard stock solution: Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (4.3928g in 1L) 1000ppm 100ppm (0ppm 2ppm 4ppm 8ppm 10ppm)Reagent used: Molybdovanadate reagent: Ammonium molybdate (100ml)

mixed together with ammonium vanadate (150ml).

Aqua regia: Mixing the HCl & HNO3 together.

PROCEDURE Sample preparation and

weigh the samples (fertilizer)

Add distilled water.

Add 10ml HCl and 5ml HNO3 and boil.

transfer into volumetric flask.

Mark-up with distilled water then filter.

1ml of sample solution is pipette into 100ml volumetric flask.

Add Molybdovanadate reagent and diluted to the mark with distilled water.

prepare calibration standard (0,2,4,6 & 8 ppm) from the stock solution (1000ppm) and take

reading after 30 minutes.

Determine phosphate at acidic colour at pH ± 2.6 Double acid method is used. We put HCl and HNO3 to convert all polyphosphate (P2O7) to

orthophosphate (PO43-).

phosphate + metavanadate = phosphomolybdate acid + water. (yellow colour)

INSTRUMENT: INDUCTIVELY

COUPLED PLASMA (ICP)

INTRODUCTION

INDUCTIVE COUPLED PLASMA (ICP)

measures the light emitted at element-specific characteristic wavelengths from thermally excited analyte ions . 

 light emitted is separated and measured in a spectrometer, yielding an intensity measurement that can be converted to an elemental concentration by comparison with calibration standards.

Mass spectrometry (MS) 2 type - determination for element having unit PPB-PPT Optical Emission Spectrometry (OES) - determination for element having unit PPM-PPB Gas used: helium and argon Calibration- Manganese Radial – 10PPM axial- 1PPM

PART OF MACHINEAND HOW IT WORK

1. COMPUTER

2. SAMPLER

3. PUMP

4. CHAMBER

5. NEBULIZER

6. FLAME INJECTION

7. TORCH

8. AXIAL / RADIAL

9. SPECTRUM

Selection of colour for each element. Convert into energy Eo Transfer into computer- calculate intensity, log10 = 1/Eo

Can analyze 43 element in the periodic table except for nitrogen and oxygen

Eg: Phosphorus P, Potassium K, Sodium Na, Boron B, Calcium Ca, and etc. Error of ICP : 0.05%

CALCULATION Run standard P, K, Mg, B Plot graph. From graph, calculate slope, m Formula, y=mx + c Calculate intensity Calculate ppm, formulaPPM= (intensity-intercept)/slope