dr amirah zainab binti mamat @muhammad

8/9/2019 Dr Amirah Zainab Binti Mamat @Muhammad

1/45

Dr amirah zainab binti mamat @muhammad

111303208

manipal melaka medical college


2/45

Side effects of labetalol

Excessie tiredness! difficult"

sleeping Diminished sexual function

#rthostatic h"potension $ due to

alpha receptor blockade%

&"perkalemia

&epatotoxicit"

'espirator" distrsss $ rare%

(ingling sclap or skin

Dizziness

)ightheadness *pset stomach

Stuff" nose

+atigue

,ndication labetalol$ beta blocker%

(x pih ass preeclampsia

(x chronic and acute

h"pertension of

pheochromoc"toma

&"pertensie crisis

contraindications

-sthma

.ongestie heart failure

-n" degree of heart block

/rad"cardia

&"potension

.ardiogenic shock


3/45

'isk factors of placenta praiea

reious placenta preia$recurrence rate 8%!456

caesarean delier"!476

m"omectom"46

endometrium damage caused b"

D9.:456

-lcohol use during pregnanc":486

;omen 64106

;omen


4/45

;hat is cerical cancer

.erical cancer starts in the cells

lining the cerix the lo


5/45

(ranformation zone

(his d"splasia increases the risk of

cancer forming in the transformation

zone!


6/45

.ontents of mirena

(he intrauterine deice $,*D%


7/45

-dantages

,s one of the most effectie forms of

reersible birth control426

,t can be used while breastfeeding486

o preparations needed before sex to

ensure it


8/45

Efectiveness

-fter insertion Cirena is effectie for 5 "ears:

Sk"la is effectie for 3 "ears:

(he hormonal ,*D is considered to be alongacting reersible contraceptie! among the most effectie

forms of birth control:

(he first "ear failure rate for the hormonal ,*D is 0:2 and the

fie "ear failure rate is 0::

(hese rates are comparable to tubal sterilization! but the effects

of the hormonal ,*D are reersible:

(he hormonal ,*D is considered to be more effectie than

other common forms of reersible contraception! such as the

birth control pill! because it reBuires little to no action b" the

user after insertion:

(he effectieness of other forms of birth control is mitigated b" the users

themseles: ,f medication regimens for contraception are not follo


9/45

Adverse efects

Ovarian Cysts Enlarged follicles

$oarian c"sts% hae been

diagnosed in about 12 of the

subFects using a hormonal ,*D:

Cost of these follicles are

asymptomatic! although some

ma" be accompanied by pelvic

pain or dyspareunia: ,n most

cases the enlargedfollicles

disappear spontaneously after

two to three months. Surgical

intervention is not usually

required:

Cental health changes including

nerousness! depressed mood!

mood s


10/45

A lost coil occurs when

the thread cannot !e felt !y

a woman on routine

chec"ing and is not seen onspeculum

examination.?arious thread

collector deices or simple

forceps ma" then be used totr" to grasp the deice

through the cerix:

,n the rare cases


11/45

,rregular menstrual pattern irregular

bleeding and spotting is common in the

first ! to " monthsof use: -fter that

time periods become shorter and lighter!

and 20 of


12/45

Perforation ?er" rarel"! the ,*D

can be pushed through the


13/45

.ontraindications

- hormonal ,*D should not be used

b"


14/45

reeclampsia

reeclampsia is a disorder of pregnanc"

characterized b" high blood pressureand

large amounts ofprotein in the urine:

thromboc"topenia %

impaired lier function!

the deelopment of ne< kidne"

d"sfunction!

fluid accumulation in the lungs $

pulmonar"edema%!

andHor ne


15/45

Diagnostic criteria

reeclampsia is diagnosed


16/45

'isk factors

ulliparit"$neer gien birth%

Diabetes mellitus

'enal disease

.hronic h"pertension

rior histor" of preeclampsia

+amil" histor" of

preeclampsia

-danced maternal age $L35

"ears%

#besit"

-ntiphospholipid

antibod" s"ndrome

Cultiple gestation

Differential diagnosis

chronic h"pertension

chronic renal disease

primar" seizure disorders

gallbladder

pancreatic disease

immune or

thrombotic thromboc"topenic

purpura

antiphospholipids"ndrome

hemol"ticuremic s"ndrome:

preexisting disease such as

h"pertension acute fatt" lier ofpregnanc"ma"

also present


17/45

.omplication

Eclampsia;arning s"mptoms for

eclampsia in an indiidual


18/45

+efinition8 9elationship of presenting part to

maternal pelvis8 and !ased on presentation

Cephalic presentation-5erte$

presentation with longitudinal lie6

)eft occipitoanterior $)#-%Mthe occiputis close

to the agina $hence kno


19/45

*reech presentationwith

longitudinal lie

)eft sacrumanterior $)S-%Mthe

!uttoc"s- as against the occiput of

the vertex presentation- li"e closeto the vagina (hence "nown as

!reech presentation)- which li"e

anteriorly and towards the left:

'ight sacrum anterior $'S-%Mthe

!uttoc"s face anteriorly and

towards the right. )eft sacrum posterior $)S%Mthe

!uttoc"s face posteriorly and

towards the left.

'ight sacrum posterior $'S%M

the !uttoc"s face posteriorly and

towards right.

Sacrum anterior$S-%Mthe

!uttoc"s face anteriorly:

Sacrum posterior $S%Mthe

!uttoc"s face posteriorly:


20/45

C(( reparation

(he patient is instructed not to

restrict carboh"drateintake in the

da"s or


21/45

Dose of glucose and variations

,n the *S! dosing is b" 0s has been 1:5 grams of

glucose per kilogram ofbod" 5 a

dose of 100g


22/45

'esults

+asting plasma

glucose $measured before the

#(( begins% should be belo5 mcg

Enriched spaghetti! 1 cup cooked

12 mcg

/roccoli! 1 cup cooked 178 mcg

#range Fuice! 1 cup 110 mcg

/ab" /enefits &elps preent premature

delier":

Rour /enefits ;ards off anemia in

pregnant

dr amirah zainab binti mamat @muhammad

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