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TWO NEW SPECIES OF TORRENT-DWELLING TOADS ANSONIASTOLICZKA, 1870 (ANURA: BUFONIDAE) FROM

PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

PERRY L. WOOD, JR.1,4,5, L. LEE GRISMER

1,2, NORHAYATI AHMAD2,3, AND JULIANA SENAWI

2

1Department of Biology, La Sierra University, Riverside, CA 92515-824, USA2Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universsti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi,

Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia3Faculty of Science and Technology, 43600 Bangi, Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia, Malaysia

ABSTRACT: Two new species of montane, torrent-dwelling toads of the genus Ansonia from Fraser’s Hilland Sungai Lembing, Pahang, West Malaysia are described based on morphological and color patterncharacteristics. The new species from Sungai Lembing most closely resembles A. leptopus of Borneo butdiffers from it in numerous aspects of its mandibular asperites, degree of toe webbing, presence of warts atthe angle of the jaw, size of tubercles around the tympanum, having an inner metatarsal tubercle, lackingrows of tubercles on the back, having paired vocal slits, and having a light dorsal spot between the scapulae.The new species from Fraser’s Hill most closely resembles A. malayana but differs from it in its greaterdegree of dorsal tuberculation, more webbing on the third and fifth toes and less webbing on the first andfourth toes, and various aspects of coloration. Finally, we express the importance of continuing to conductmontane surveys in remote areas as well as in those areas that are considered to be well-studied.

Key words: Ansonia; Banjaran Timur; Banjaran Titi Wangsa; Fraser’s Hill; Sungai Lembing; WestMalaysia

WEST MALAYSIA is comprised of a complexarray of north-south axis mountain ranges thatextend nearly the entire length of the countryand whose peaks emerge beyond its coastlinesto form a number of adjacent archipelagos.Despite the fact that many of the mountain-tops along these ranges and their associatedarchipelagos have been surveyed for a numberof years (e.g., Boulenger, 1912; Dring, 1979;Grandison, 1972; Hendrickson, 1966; Inger,1960), reports of new species and geograph-ical range extensions are still forthcoming(e.g., Grismer, 2006a,b, 2007, 2008; Grismeret al., 2004, 2006a,b; Hallermann andMcGuire, 2001; Leong and Lim, 2003; Matsuiand Jaafar, 2006; Matsui et al., 1998, 2005;Norsham and Lim, 2002; Sukumaran, 2005;Vogel et al., 2004; Wood, 2007a,b; Wood etal., 2008; Youmans and Wood, 2007). Figuringnotably among these reports is the oftensecretive bufonid genus Ansonia Stoliczka,1870 (Grismer, 2006a,b; Kiew, 1984; Matsuiet al., 2005). Ansonia currently contains 27species of torrent-dwelling toads (Grismer,2006a,b), which range fragmentedly from

India to Sumatra and Borneo with two speciesin the Philippines. Six of the seven species inthe Malay Peninsula are montane isolates(Grismer, 2006a; Matsui et al., 1998, 2005),and only one, A. endauensis, comes from alowland forest from Endau-Rompin, Johor insouthern Malaysia (Grismer, 2006b; Fig. 1).

Grandison (1972) reported Ansonia lepto-pus from Gunung Benom, Pahang, WestMalaysia based on six specimens, indicatingthat they resembled Bornean A. leptopus insize, snout shape, webbing, and dorsal patternbut also noting that they differed in that thedorsum was not as coarsely granular (Gran-dison, 1972:49). Dring (1979) noted that twomales from Ulu Tahan and a specimen fromGunung Lawit were ‘‘identical’’ to Grandison’s(1972) A. leptopus but differed markedly fromBornean A. leptopus in having more extensivetoe webbing, no keratinized spines cappingthe mandibular asperities, lacking asperitiesbelow the mandibular symphysis but havingthem along the upper jaw, lacking largespinose dorsal tubercles, and having bilateralvocal slits as opposed to a single vocal slit.Grismer (2006a) noted further that Berry’s(1975) specimen (FMNH 173326) from UluTahan matched Dring’s (1979:188–190) de-scription of the Ulu Tahan and Gunung Lawit

4 CORRESPONDENCE: e-mail, [email protected] CURRENT ADDRESS: Department of Biology, Villanova

University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA

Herpetologica, 64(3), 2008, 321–340

E 2008 by The Herpetologists’ League, Inc.

321

specimens and a new population from SingaiLembing, Pahang. Direct comparisons of theSungai Lembing, Gunung Benom, GunungLawit, and Ulu Tahan specimens of centralWest Malaysia (Fig. 1) to one another indicatethat they are conspecific and cannot be assignedto any of the existing species of Ansonia.

Smith (1922) reported two specimens ofAnsonia penangensis from Fraser’s Hill, Pa-hang, which was followed in a checklist byLeong and Lim (2003). Recent field studies atFraser’s Hill and Sungai Pergau, Kelantan,yielded five specimens of an unidentifiedAnsonia. Our analysis of these specimensreveals that they are conspecific and do notbelong to A. penangensis (known only fromPulau Pinang; see Grismer, 2006a) nor to anyother known species of Ansonia and representyet another undescribed species.

The intent of this paper is to demonstratethat the populations of Ansonia from GunugBenom (Grandison, 1972), Ulu Tahan, GunungLawit, and Sungai Lembing (Dring, 1979;Grismer, 2006a) and the populations of Anso-nia from Fraser’s Hill (Smith, 1922) and SungaiPergau represent two new species, respective-ly. We describe these species herein.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fieldwork was conducted from 1–3 August2002 out of a logging camp near SungaiLembing, Pahang, West Malaysia located38 km northwest of Kuantan (3u 52.260 N;103u 39 0.130 E) and from 25–27 August 2006at Fraser’s Hill, Pahang, West Malaysia (3u43.2349 N; 101u 44.8919 E). Specimens werecollected, photographed, and euthanized.Liver samples were extracted and stored in

FIG. 1.—Distribution of Ansonia on the Malay Peninsula. State boundaries are present only for Malaysia. Closedcircles are the known localities for A. jeetsukumarani. Shaded circles are the known localities for A. latiffi.

322 HERPETOLOGICA [Vol. 64, No. 3

95% ethanol prior to fixing the specimens in10% formalin and storing them in 70% ethanol.Type specimens were deposited in the Zoolog-ical Reference Collection (ZRC) at the RafflesMuseum of Biodiversity at the NationalUniversity of Singapore. Additional paratypeswere found in the department of wildlife andNational Parks collection (DWNP), the BritishMuseum of Natural History collection(BMNH) and the Field Museum of NaturalHistory (FMNH). Thirty-two morphologicaland color pattern characters examined in allspecies of Ansonia either from museumspecimens (Appendix) or from the literature(Boulenger, 1912; Chanda, 2002; Dring, 1979;Grismer, 2006a,b; Gunther, 1876; Hendrick-son, 1966; Inger, 1954, 1960, 1966; Inger andStuebing, 2005; Inger et al., 2001; Iskandar andMumpuni, 2004; Kiew, 1984; Malkmus et al.,2002; Matsui et al., 1998, 2005; Pillai andPattabiraman, 1981; Smith, 1931; Stoliczka,1870) are presented in Table 1. Digit formulaefollow Savage and Heyer (1997). Additionalmeasurements (fide Inger et al., 2001) on thetype series taken to the nearest 0.1 mm usingdial calipers under a dissecting microscope areas follows: TL—tibia length, measured fromthe ankle to knee while the joints are flexed;HW—head width, width at rear of the headdirectly above the tympanum; SW—snoutwidth, measured at the anterior corners ofthe eye; HL—head length, from posteriormargin of the jaw to tip of the snout; SNL—snout length, from anterior margin of the eye tothe tip of the snout; SND—distance from thecanthus to the lower margin of the upper lip;ED—eye diameter, horizontal diameter of theeye; IO—interorbital width, horizontal dis-tance of the orbit; IN—internarial width,measured the horizontal distance between thenostrils; TD—tympanum diameter, length ofthe vertical axis; HNL—hand length from theproximal edge of the outer palmar tubercle tothe tip of the third finger; and FL—foot length,measured from the proximal edge of innermetatarsal tubercle to tip of the fourth toe.

SYSTEMATICS

Ansonia latiffi sp. nov.Fig. 2–6.

Ansonia leptopus Grandison 1972: 49.

Ansonia sp. Dring 1979:188.

Holotype.—ZRC 1.12418, an adult femalefrom the Sungai Lembing logging camp (3u52.260 N; 103u 39 0.150 E), Pahang, WestMalaysia, collected at 255 m on 1 August 2002by J. A. McGuire, L. L. Grismer, J. L.Grismer, R. Escobar, Norsham, S. Y., and T.M. Youmans.

Paratypes.—ZRC 1.12419, One adult malefrom the same locality as the holotype exceptthat the specimen was collected on 3 August2002. FMNH 173326 from Sungai Melantai,Ulu Tahan, National Park, Pahang, WestMalaysia. One female and two males fromCamp I, Gunong Benom, Pahang, WestMalaysia, BMNH 1967.2765–67. An addition-al specimen (DWNP 3090) from HutanSimpan Tembat, Terengganu, was collectedon 24 April 2006 by Juliana Senawi.

Diagnosis.—A large species (males reaching39.3 mm SVL; females reaching 51 mm SVL);snout projecting beyond lower jaw; tympanumvisible; small wart at angle of jaw, whitish-yellow in color; tuberculate interorbital ridgesabsent; relatively wide head in males, narrowerin females; snout wide in males, and narrowerin females; males with bilateral vocal slits atbase of buccal cavity; finger tips rounded; firstfinger reaching tip of second; male first fingerwith nuptial pads on dorsomedial surface andoccasionally on second finger, composed ofsmall, brown spinules; toe tips rounded; toewebbing, I 0–1, II 1, III 1, IV 3, V 0.5–1; innerand outer metatarsal tubercle present; single ora double row of mandibular asperities formedby low, ridged tubercles lacking keratinized,spinose tips; asperities similar on the upper jawsmall, dorsal tubercles present; dorsolateralrow of tubercles absent; faint white spotbetween scapulae; gular region in females withkeratinized, spineless tubercles extending ontochest; abdomen finely granular; iris reddish-gold with dark lines; gular spotting present.The distribution of these character states acrossall species of Ansonia are reported in Table 1.

Description of the holotype.—Adult female,50.7 mm SVL; digits and limbs slender; headwider than body, head wider than long; bodystout; snout wide (SW/SVL 0.14 mm), square(SW/HL 0.58 mm) in dorsal profile, truncate,projecting beyond lower jaw, rostrum dorsallyconcave, sloping anteroventrally; tympanum

September 2008] HERPETOLOGICA 323

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distinct, oblong, taller than wide, 43% ofhorizontal diameter of eye; mandibular sym-physis with small dark spinules; nostrils direct-ed laterally; mandibular asperities form tworows of low ridged tubercles each covered witha rounded cap of keratin, lacking spines;asperities on upper jaw; canthi rounded; eyediameter 79% of the snout length; cranial crestsabsent; parotids absent; margin of eyelid sharp.

Fingers long, slender, lack webbing, tipsrounded not forming small discs and notwider than phalanges; first finger reachingbase of second when adpressed; prominentround palmer tubercle present; subarticulartubercles lacking; toes long and slender, tipsround not forming discs, lacking subarticulartubercles; toe webbing I 0.5, II 0, III 1, IV 3, V0.5; inner metatarsal tubercle small and flat,outer metatarsal tubercle round, prominent,three times larger than inner.

Tubercles on femur and tibia larger thanthose on knee; tubercles on elbow smaller

than those on humerus and forearm; tubercleson arms, legs, and body tipped with small,dark, keratinized spinules; dorsal tuberclessmaller than those composing a dorsolateralridge on body.

Coloration.—In life, dorsal surface nearlyuniform brownish-red, with a faint, cream,interscapular spot; small, orangish-yellowspots on arms and legs; legs with faint,orangish-red cross-bars; several orangish-yel-low spots on hands that lighten distallytowards digits; feet with similar color but notas prominent; iris goldish-red with dark lines(Fig. 3). Coloration in preservative of thedorsal surface nearly uniform dark brownwith lighter cream areas; limbs with solid orbroken yellowish-cream bars; ventral surfacecream color with indistinct brownish areas.

Paratypes.—An adult female BMNH1967.2765, SVL 50.5 mm differs from theholotype by having a slightly longer tibia,narrower head; larger eye diameter; larger

FIG. 2.—Right: female holotype (ZRC 1.12418) of Ansonia lattifi. Left: male paratype (ZRC 1.12419) of Ansonia lattifi.


tympanum and a longer foot length. Fouradult males ZRC 1.12419 SVL 34.5 mm,BMNH 1967. 2766–67 SVL 38.2 and37.8 mm and FMNH 173326 SVL 34.1 mm,resemble the holotype in all aspects ofmorphology and color pattern except forhaving the sexual dimorphic characters ofbilateral vocal slits, nuptial pads on thedorsomedial portion of the first finger reach-ing the ventral surface, and lacking enlargedtubercles with keratinized tips in the gular andpectoral region. Variation in mensural andmorphometric ratios are reported in Table 2.Additional specimens not part of the typeseries are BM 1974. 4302–4303 (Dring, 1979),and DWNP 3090.

Comparisons.—Ansonia lattifi most closelyresembles A. leptopus but differs from it inhaving a single row of asperities on the upperjaw as opposed to lacking asperities on theupper jaw; less webbing on the toes (I 0.5, II0, III 1, IV 3, V 0.5 vs. I 1, II 1, III 2–2.5, IV

3–4, V 2–2.5); lacking as opposed to havinga white or yellow wart at the angle of thejaw; having poorly developed warts aroundthe tympanum as opposed to having well-developed warts; lacking low, rounded mid-dorsal tubercles as opposed to having large,spinose, dorsal tubercles; having bilateralvocal slits as opposed to single vocal slits;and having a light interscapular spot asopposed to lacking an interscapular spot.

Natural history.—The Sungai Lembingspecimens were collected between 2100 and2300 h no more than 1 m above the groundfrom within rock cracks along a rock wallbordering a road cut at the edge of a closed-canopy hill dipterocarp forest. Small streamswere within 100 m of the collection site but notadpoles or calling males were observed.Additional specimens collected by Grandison(1972) from Gunung Benom were obtained ina 200 m stretch of a fast-flowing tributary ofthe River Krau about 500 m down stream

FIG. 3.—Ansonia lattifi from Sungai Lembing logging camp, Pahang, West Malaysia. Specimen uncatalogued atForest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM).


FIG. 4.—Ventral view of the female holotype of Ansonia latiffi, ZRC 1.12418.


from their base camp at 233 m borderingprimary forest. Two more specimens werecollected by Dring (1979) on the bank of theSungai Kelebang at 43 m on Gunung Lawit.

Etymology.—The specific epithet honorsProfessor Dato’ Dr. Abdul Latiff Mohamadfor his extensive contributions to the naturalhistory of Malaysia and to the biologistsstudying Malaysian natural history.

Ansonia jeetsukumarani sp. nov.Figs. 7–11.

Bufo penangensis, Smith, M. A. 1922:282.Holotype.—ZRC 1.12413, a gravid female

from a small stream along Bishop’s Trail (3u43.2349 N; 101u 44.8919 E) at 1125 m onFraser’s Hill, Pahang, West Malaysia collectedon 26 August 2006 by L. Grismer, T. R. Szutzand T. M. Youmans.

Paratypes.—ZRC 1.12414, an adult femalefrom a narrow roadside drainage along theroad leading to Fraser’s Hill (N 03u 43.1699; E101u 45.4789) at 1059 m collected on 26August 2006 by P. L. Wood, Jr. and two males

(ZRC 1.12415–16) from the same locality as theholotype, collected by P. L. Wood, Jr. on 25and 27 August, respectively. An additionaladult female (ZRC 1.12417) from SungaiPergau, Kelantan, West Malaysia was collectedon October 25, 2006 by Dr. Norhayati Ahmad.

Diagnosis.—Females reach 25.3 mm SVL,males reach 19.9 mm SVL; snout projectingbeyond lower jaw; tympanum large, visable,about 70% of the diameter of the eye; small,white wart at angle of jaw; tuberculateinterorbital ridges absent; males with vocalslits on right side of buccal cavity; finger andtoe tips rounded; first finger not reaching tipof second; males with nuptial pads ondorsolateral margin of first finger; toe webbingV 1.5–2, IV 3, III 1.5–2, II 1, I 0.5; tarsal ridgeweak to absent; oval inner metatarsal tuberclepresent or absent; small round outer metatar-sal tubercle present; single row of mandibularasperities in males capped with keratinizedspine rows of tubercles on dorsum; abdomenfinely (females) or coarsely (males) granular;gular spotting present; light patch below eye;

FIG. 5.—Plantar view of the left foot of Ansonia latiffi, ZRC 1.12418.


FIG. 6.—Palmar view of the left hand of Ansonia latiffi, ZRC 1.12418.


light spot between scapulae; light cross-barson hind limbs; faint vertebral stripe present.The distribution of these character statesacross all species of Ansonia are reported inTable 1.

Description of the holotype.—Adult female,25.0 mm SVL; head and limbs slender; bodystout; digits slender; head narrower than body;body relatively flat; snout truncate, wide (SW/SVL 0.15 mm), square (SW/HW 0.58), pro-jecting beyond lower jaw; tubercles at angle ofjaw have small, dark, keratinized tips; rostrumsloping forward, concave dorsally, width lessthan interorbital distance, vertical ridge on

anterior margin; canthi rounded; nostrilsdirected laterally, head longer than wide;cranial crest absent; eye diameter 79% ofsnout length; tympanum distinct; tympanumlarge, circular, 73% of horizontal diameter ofeye; interorbital ridges absent; parotids ab-sent; one or two rows of tubercles belowmandible lacking keratinized spinules; onerow of mental asperities. Fingers short,slender, lack webbing, tips rounded notforming discs, same width as phalanges; firstfinger not reaching disc of second finger;subarticular tubercles absent; palmer tubercleround, weakly developed; inner palmer tuber-

TABLE 2.—Selected measurements (in mm) of the type series of Ansonia lattifi. See materials and methodsfor abbreviations.

Sex

ZRC 1.12418holotype

BM 1967.2765paratype

ZRC 1.12419paratype

FMNH 173326paratye



Female Female Male Male Male Male

SVL 50.7 50.5 34.5 34.1 38.2 37.8TL 25.3 26.1 18.3 17 18.2 18.2HW 17.4 13.4 10.8 9.6 10.4 10.5SW 7.2 8.3 7.1 6.7 7.5 6.4HL 12.2 12.3 9.6 9.7 10.1 9.5SNL 5.6 5.3 4.1 4.8 4.7 4.3SND 4.1 4.2 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.3ED 4.4 4.7 4.2 3.9 4.4 4.2IO 4.7 4.5 3.7 3.3 3.8 3.8IN 3.6 3.6 3.3 3.2 3 2.7TD 1.9 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8HNL 12.7 13.8 9.7 9.8 10 9.7FL 16 19 12.7 13.2 13.1 13.1TD/SVL 0.037 0.045 0.052 0.052 0.049 0.047HW/SVL 0.244 0.265 0.313 0.281 0.272 0.277HW/HL 1.01 1.08 1.12 0.989 1.03 1.1SW/HL 0.59 0.675 0.739 0.69 0.743 0.673SW/SVL 0.142 0.164 0.205 0.196 0.196 0.169SW/HW 0.58 0.619 0.657 0.697 0.721 0.609

FIG. 7.—From right to left: female holotype ZRC 1.12413 and female paratype ZRC 1.12414 of Ansoniajeetsukumarani from Fraser’s Hill, Pahang, West Malaysia; female paratype ZRC 1.12417 from Sungai Pergau, Kelantan,West Malaysia. Male paratypes ZRC 1.12415, 1.12416 from Fraser’s Hill, Pahang, West Malaysia.


cle small and round; toes short, slender; tipsrounded not forming discs, not wider thanphalanges; toe webbing I 0.5, II 1, III 2, IV 3,V 2 inner and outer metatarsal tuberclesabsent; no tarsal fold or ridge.

Dorsal surface smooth with scattered, smalltubercles; tubercles more prominent onflanks; tubercles on dorsum and flanks lackkeratinized tips; ventral surface finely granu-lar; no interorbital tubercles.

Coloration.—In life, dorsum nearly uniformbrown with an orangish-yellow interscapularspot; thin, faint, vertebral stripe; reddish-orange, small tubercles on dorsum and flanks;arms and legs orangish, somewhat barred;hands and feet with several orange and brownbars becoming lighter distally; venter dark,ventral regions of flanks with whitish-yellowspots extending from hind limb insertions tocover gular region and mandible; underside ofhind limbs in females brownish-red, brown inmales; iris reddish-orange with black reticu-lated pattern (Fig. 5). Coloration in preserva-tion: dorsal surface nearly uniform black with

indistinct yellowish-orange on the lateralsurfaces; limbs black with broken or completeyellowish-orange bands; ventrum creamish-brown with indistinct darker brown blotches;whitish-yellow spots in the gular region.

Paratypes.—The paratypes approximate theholotype in all aspects of morphology andcoloration except that the females (ZRC1.12414, ZRC 1.12417) have less webbing onthe fifth toe (V 1.5 vs. V 2). ZRC 1.12417 lacks ametatarsal tubercle and ZRC 1.12414 lacks atarsal ridge. Males ZRC 1.12415 and 1.12416differ from the holotype in having vocal slitspresent on the right side; nuptial pads on thedorsomedial surface of the first finger; havingprominent mandibular asperities with dark,keratinized spinules; more prominent dorsaltubercles; tubercles in the ventral region beingcoarsely granular as opposed to finely granular.Variation in mensural and morphometric ratiosare reported in Table 3.

Comparisons.—Ansonia jeetsukumarani mostclosely resembles A. malayana but differsfrom it in lacking a large yellow wart at the

FIG. 8.—Ansonia jeetsukumarani female holotype ZRC 1.12413 from Fraser’s Hill, Pahang, West Malaysia.


angle of the jaw and having more webbing onthe third and fifth toes and less on the first andfourth toe (A. jeetsukumarani I 0.5, II 1, III1.5–2, IV 3, V 1.5–2; A. malayana I 0–1, II 0–1,III 1, IV 4, V 1). Ansonia jeetsukumarani has adorsalolateral and middorsal row of enlargedtubercles which A. malayana lacks. The iris inA. jeetsukumarani is redish-orange and is

golden in A. malayana. Additionally, A. jeetsu-kumarani lacks a white patch below the eyewhich is present in A. malayana.

Natural history.—All specimens were col-lected between 1930–2330 h on rocks andfrom small leaves approximately 0.5–1.5 mabove the ground near small streams. All werefound in closed canopy hill dipterocarp forest

FIG. 9.—Ventral view of the female holotype of Ansonia jeetsukumarani ZRC 1.12413.


FIG. 10.—Plantar view of the right foot of Ansonia jeetsukumarani, ZRC 1.12413.


FIG. 11.—Palmar view of the right hand of Ansonia jeetsukumarani, ZRC 1.12413.


except for ZRC 1.12414, which was collectedoff a leaf above a roadside stream at the edgeof a closed canopy forest. No tadpoles orcalling males were observed at either locality.

Etymology.—The specific epithet honorsJeet Sukumaran for his past, present andfuture contributions to our knowledge of thebiology of Malaysia’s amphibians and for hisuntiring and invaluable contributions as acollaborator.

DISCUSSION

The discovery of these two new montanespecies of Ansonia in West Malaysia under-scores the necessity for continued field workalong the extensive mountainous corridors ofthe entire Malay Peninsula and their associ-ated archipelagos. The occurrence of thenewly described A. latirostra Grismer, 2006aand A. latiffi from the Sungai Lembing regionis not surprising being that this area had neverbeen surveyed. Noteworthy, though, is that A.jeetsukumarani was discovered along a verypopular hiking trail at Fraser’s Hill, a locationthat has been repeatedly surveyed and visitedfor nearly 80 yr (Boulenger, 1903; Lim andLeong, 2003; Nicholls, 1949; Smith, 1922) andthat additional taxa from Fraser’s Hill, such asCyrtodactylus elok (Grismer, 2008) and the

new species Sphenomorphus bukitensis (Gris-mer, 2007), are still being reported. It is clearthat these regions and other montane areaswill need continual surveys for years to comebefore their herpetological diversity is fullyrealized.

KEY TO THE KNOWN SPECIES OF ANSONIA FROM

THAILAND AND PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

1. Large yellow wart at the angle of the jaw _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2Large yellow wart absent from the angle ofthe jaw_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3

2. Dorsolateral row of enlarged tuberclespresent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Ansonia latirostraDorsolateral row of enlarged tuberclesabsent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Ansonia malayana

3. Maximum adult SVL $ 29 mm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4Maximum adult SVL # 28 mm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5

4. First finger reaching the tip of the sec-ond _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Ansonia lattifiFirst finger not reaching the tip of the second _ _ _ 6

5. Light interscapular spot absent_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Ansonia endauensisLight spot interscapular present _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8

6. First and second toes lacking phalangesfree of webbing_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Ansonia penangensisFirst and second toes with all phalangesfree of webbing_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7

7. Body marked with greenish-yellow irregu-lar lines_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Ansonia siamensisBody lacking greenish-yellow lines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Ansonia tiomanica

TABLE 3.—Selected measurements (in mm) of the type series of Ansonia jeetsukumarani. See materials and methodsfor abbreviations.

ZRC 1.12413Fraser’s Hill holotype

ZRC 1.12417Kelantan paratype

ZRC 1.12414Fraser’s Hill paratype



SVL 25 25.3 25 19.4 19.9TL 11.3 12.6 11.1 8.9 10.5HW 6.5 6.7 6.6 5.7 5.7SW 3.8 4.4 4.3 3.2 3.7HL 6.7 7.2 6.4 6.2 5.6SNL 3.3 2.9 3 2.2 2.8SND 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.7ED 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3IO 2.9 2.6 2.4 2 2.4IN 1.7 1.9 2 1.6 1.4TD 1.9 1.5 1.3 1 1.1HNL 6 6.5 6.1 5.2 5.6FL 8.6 9.3 8.3 6.7 7.5TD/SVL 0.076 0.059 0.052 0.051 0.055HW/SVL 0.26 0.264 0.264 0.293 0.286HW/HL 0.97 0.93 1.03 0.919 1.01SW/HL 0.567 0.611 0.671 0.516 0.66SW/SVL 0.152 0.173 0.172 0.164 0.185SW/HW 0.584 0.656 0.651 0.561 0.649


8. Tubercle rows on back; gular spots pres-ent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Ansonia jeetsukumaraniRows of dorsal tubercles absent; gular spotsabsent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Ansonia kraensis

Acknowledgments.—We thank J. M. McGuire, J. L.Grismer, N. S. Yaakob, T. M. Youmans, R. Escobar III,and T. R. Szutz for assistance in the field. We owe thanksto the curators K. K. P. Lim (ZRC), H. Voris and A.Resetar (FMNH), and B. Clarke (BMNH) for theirgenerosity and cooperation in loaning specimens. Wethank R. H. Bain and B. L. Stuart for their criticalcomments on the manuscript. We are especially gratefulto N. S. Yaakob for preparing and making the expeditionto the Sungai Lembing logging camp possible. TheEconomic Planning Unit, Prime Minister’s Departmentof Malaysia issued a research pass (40/2001/1955.1105) toL. L. Grismer. This research was supported in part by aCollege of Arts and Sciences grant from La SierraUniversity to LLG.

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.Accepted: 5 June 2008

.Associate Editor: Frank Burbrink

APPENDIX

Comparative Material Examined

Ansonia albomaculata—.MALAYSIA: Sarawak, 7thDivision, Belaga District, FMNH 222083–85.

Ansonia anotis—.MALAYSIA: Sabah, Tenom District,FMNH 237054, 152174–76.

Ansonia endauensis—.MALAYSIA: Johor, Endau-RompinNational Park, Sungai Semawak, ZRC 1.11555–58.

Ansonia guibei—.MALAYSIA: Sabah, Tambunan Dis-trict, FMNH 24878–79.

Ansonia hanitschi—.MALAYSIA: Sabah, TambunanDistrict, FMNH 250854–57.

Ansonia kraensis—.THAILAND: Phuket, Kathu andManik waterfalls. ZRC 1.8454–55, 1.8457–58.

Ansonia latirostra—.MALAYSIA: Pahang, GunungBenom, BM 1967.2771–73; Sungai Lembing loggingcamp, ZRC 1.11559–66. Trengganau, Gunung Lawit,BM 1974.4308–12, 4319.

Ansonia leptopus—.MALAYSIA: Borneo, Sabah, La-Had Datu District, ZRC 1.2742, FMNH 244635–39.

Ansonia longidigita—.MALAYSIA: Borneo, Sabah,Tambunan District, FMNH 250866–69.

Ansonia malayana—.MALAYSIA: THAILAND: Chum-phon, Tasan, BMNH 1973.511–515.

Ansonia minuta—.MALAYSIA: Sarawak, 1st Division,FMNH 77427–29.

Ansonia platystoma—.MALAYSIA: Sabah, TambunanDistrict, FMNH 250876–79.

Ansonia siamensis—.THAILAND: Trang, FMNH216106–08.

Ansonia spinulifer—.MALAYSIA: Sarawak, RancanPool, LSUHC 4046–48; 7th Division, Belaga District,222173–75.

Ansonia tiomanica—.MALAYSIA: Pahang, Pulau Tio-man, Gua Tengkok Air, LSUHC 3792, 3984, 4443–44,5355.


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