In August 1839: He arrived in Kuching ,he was welcomed by Pengiran Muda Hashim and Pengiran Indera Mahkota.

He was interested in Sarawak because it is rich in antimony.

JAMES BROOKE AS RAJA OF SARAWAK

TWO opportunity for Brooke to intervene Sarawak

ii. Local disturbances

i. The friction between the 2

nobles

He later took advantage by being friendly with Pg. Muda Hashim.Later Pg. Muda Hashim offered him to control the administration of Sarawak in returned of winning him on his friction with Pg. Indera Mahkota.

Later both of them signed the Treaty of 1841 which contain the appointing of James Brooke as the Governor Of Sarawak.

However, James Brooke realized that this treaty was not binding without Sultan’s approval and Royal Seal.

Later, James Brooke and Pg. Muda Mahkota went to Brunei for the signing of Treaty of 1842 with SOAS II. In the treaty, there were 2 terms:

1) James Brooke was appointed as Sultan’s Representative in Sarawak.2)Pg. Indera Mahkota was forced to step down as the Governor of Sarawak and to leave Sarawak.

Began from that moment, James Brooke called himself as “RAJA OF SARAWAK”.

In 1845, Pg. Muda Hashim and his followers came to Brunei

He wanted to claim the throne of Brunei with the support of James Brooke. Later Pg. Anak Badaruddin proclaimed Pg. Muda Hashim as the Sultan of Brunei but it was not valid according to royal tradition in Brunei.

Later, Pg. Muda Hashim requested the Sultan for apologized but failed.

THE BRITISH ATTACK ON BRUNEI IN 1846 (part 1)

Later, he and most of his family were killed and this news had made James Brooke angry.

This gave him an opportunity to attack Brunei with Thomas Cochrane and two warships from Sarawak.

8 July 1846:with the permission from the British Governor-General of India, Sir Robert Maddock to attacked and occupied Brunei.

THE BRITISH ATTACK ON BRUNEI IN 1846 (part 2)

2 August 1846: SOAS II and James Brooke had to sign a treaty to end the occupation of Brunei.

After the signing the British forced SOAS II to ceded Labuan because Labuan was strategically sited to protect British interest in the region especially the China trade route.

THE BRITISH ATTACK ON BRUNEI IN 1846 (part 3)

Captain Rodney Mundy lined up the British warships near the Sultan’s palace with cannons ready to fire the Sultan if he refused to sign the treaty.

THE TREATY OF LABUAN 1846 (part 1)

*18 December: The Treaty of Labuan was signed.

THE TREATY OF LABUAN 1846 (part 2)

The British wanted a Treaty of Friendship and Commerce with SOAS II.

27 May: the treaty was signed between Brunei: SOAS II and British: James Brooke.

Group work of:

Rafidah, Md Azri, Safwanah

Form 3 Baharun