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WELCOME

SEMINAR ON

COLD SUPPLY CHAIN

1

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OVERVIEW OF COLD CHAIN

STATUS OF COLD CHAIN ININDIA

MARKET POTENTIAL

GROWTH DRIVERS

KEY CHALLENGES

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES

RECENT TRENDS

CONCLUSION

FLOW OF PRESENTATION

2

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Basically a supply chain provides series of facilities likecontrolled temperature & RH.

Cold Chain retains the longevity of

Product characteristics

Active ingredients Nutritive value

Freshness

COLD SUPPLY CHAIN

Cold supply chain may be defined as a logistic

system that provides a series of facilities formaintaining ideal storage conditions forperishables from the point of production to thepoint of consumption (end user).

3

supply chain

Cold supply chain

3

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1. Appearance

2. Taste and Flavour

3. Freshness

4. Ripening stage

5. Price

6. Nutrition Value

7. Shelf Life 4

WHY COLD CHAIN..???

Buying Behaviour

4

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THE MIRACLE OF COLD CHAIN The apples that are available in todays supermarkets in India

could be as old as six months- six year and could have beengrown in apple orchards in New Zealand and stored in aControlled Atmosphere.

They would look and taste as if they were plucked from theapple orchard yesterday.

5Source:http://www.slideshare.net/cmaheshwar/cold-chain-summit-17-18-december-2010

http://www.slideshare.net/cmaheshwar/cold-chain-summit-17-18-december-2010http://www.slideshare.net/cmaheshwar/cold-chain-summit-17-18-december-2010http://www.slideshare.net/cmaheshwar/cold-chain-summit-17-18-december-2010http://www.slideshare.net/cmaheshwar/cold-chain-summit-17-18-december-2010http://www.slideshare.net/cmaheshwar/cold-chain-summit-17-18-december-2010http://www.slideshare.net/cmaheshwar/cold-chain-summit-17-18-december-2010http://www.slideshare.net/cmaheshwar/cold-chain-summit-17-18-december-2010http://www.slideshare.net/cmaheshwar/cold-chain-summit-17-18-december-2010http://www.slideshare.net/cmaheshwar/cold-chain-summit-17-18-december-2010http://www.slideshare.net/cmaheshwar/cold-chain-summit-17-18-december-2010http://www.slideshare.net/cmaheshwar/cold-chain-summit-17-18-december-2010http://www.slideshare.net/cmaheshwar/cold-chain-summit-17-18-december-2010http://www.slideshare.net/cmaheshwar/cold-chain-summit-17-18-december-2010http://www.slideshare.net/cmaheshwar/cold-chain-summit-17-18-december-2010http://www.slideshare.net/cmaheshwar/cold-chain-summit-17-18-december-2010

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PRODUCTS

6

Fruits &vegetables

Milk & milkproducts

Ice cream &confectionery

Flowers

Meat & fisheryproducts

Ready-to-eat / cook

Pharmaceuticals

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Procurement and delivery systems

Pre-cooling facilities

Refrigerated vehicles

Cold stores / C A stores

Grading, sorting and packaging

Warehouses

Information systems7 7

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COLD CHAIN: FLOW CHART (MEAT)

8Sheep / Goat farm

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TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTS

Dry ice: Pharmaceuticals

Gel packs: Chilled products (2- 8oc)

Eutectic plates.

Liquid nitrogen

Quilts.

9

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TEMPERATURE STANDARDS FOR THE PRODUCTS

EFFECT OF STORAGE ON EATING QUALITY

Source:FICCI report

10

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SHELF LIFE OF SOME FRUITS &

VEGETABLES (IN DAYS)

Source: Avalon Consulting Research

Mostsensitive

Moderatelysensitive

Leastsensitive

Potato Apple BeetTomato Orange Carrot

Cucumber Carrot TurnipBanana Peas DateBeans Cauliflower Cabbage

CommodityLowest temp.

(oC)

Banana 12.8Beans 12.8

Cucumber 7.2

Mangoes 7

Potato 3.3

F&V SENSITIVITY TO CHILLING

CHILLING INJURY

Source: crosstree.info/Documents11

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FACTS ABOUT INDIA :HUGE POTENTIAL Largest producer of milk with 121.5 million tonnes. (www.financialexpress.com)

Second largest producer of fruits with 75.7 million tonnes. (NHB)

Second largest producer of vegetables with 141.3 million tonnes. (NHB)

Produces 6.5 million tonnes of meat and poultry. (www.mofpi.nic.in)

Fish production of 6.1 million tonnes. (www.fishnewseu.com/)

Huge fresh Product production but Only 2% share in world trade.

Out of total fruit and vegetable produce, nearly 30 per cent getswasted.(http://www.fhel.co.in)

Fifth largest retail market. 12

http://www.fishnewseu.com/http://www.fhel.co.in/http://www.fhel.co.in/http://www.fishnewseu.com/

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STATUS OF COLD SUPPLY CHAIN Estimated market turnover Rs. 13,000 crore, in 2011 & expected to touch Rs

62,000 crore by 2015 with the growth rate of 22-25 per cent.

India has cold storage capacity of 21.7 million tonnes,( 5,101 units) against therequirement of out of 31 million tonnes.

Cold storage facility is there only for 10% of the fresh produce.

The value of reefer transportation business in India is estimated at about Rs.1100 crores ($ 250 million).

About 104 million tonnes of perishable transportation in a country, out of whicharound 4 million tones through reefer transport.

About 55000 reefer vehicles are involved in perishable products transportationof which dairy constitute about 80%, only 11000 reefer vehicles for all other

categories. 13Source: indiacoldchainexpo.com

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Diversified food basket

Huge Opportunity to supply fresh produce worldwide (fruits/ vegetables /organic food)

Set up of a Food Security bill.

Cold chain investment $2billion expected growth is $9.09 billion by 2015

Revenue by export

According to industry analysts, integrated cold chains would help India in savingRs. 750 bn (75000 crore) annually by avoiding wastage of perishable horticulture

produce (30%), besides garnering additional export revenue of Rs. 250 bn.

The post harvest losses of fruits and vegetables alone in India is more than thetotal production of fresh fruits and vegetables in Great Britain.

IMPORTANCE OF COLD CHAIN IN INDIA

14Source:www.coldchainexpo.com

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PERCENT WASTAGE OF FRUIT & VEGETABLES

15Source:http://www.facts-about-india.com/transportation-in-India.php

Products within stateoutside state within district local market Total

Onion 2 1 2 6 11

Potato 2 2 3 4 11

Okra 2 2 1 8 13Banana 3 4 4 9 20

Tomato 2 2 2 14 20

verage 3 2 1 8 14

http://www.facts-about-india.com/transportation-in-India.phphttp://www.facts-about-india.com/transportation-in-India.phphttp://www.facts-about-india.com/transportation-in-India.phphttp://www.facts-about-india.com/transportation-in-India.phphttp://www.facts-about-india.com/transportation-in-India.phphttp://www.facts-about-india.com/transportation-in-India.phphttp://www.facts-about-india.com/transportation-in-India.phphttp://www.facts-about-india.com/transportation-in-India.phphttp://www.facts-about-india.com/transportation-in-India.phphttp://www.facts-about-india.com/transportation-in-India.php

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COLD CHAIN: MARKET SIZE & POTENTIAL

The Indian Cold Chain

Industry is 88 % is storageand rest of12 % istransportation.

Total market size of $ 2.6billion (Rs 13,000 crore)

Cold chain has potential

to grow to $ 12.4 billion(Rs 62,000 crore) by2015

will grow at 22-25%

annually

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

2007-08 2010-11 2014-15

2.3

4.4

10.7

0.30.6

1.7

Market Size Estimates of cold chain in $billion

Cold Storage Cold Transportation

Source:www.marketreports.com/ 16

COLD CHAIN

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17

Segment

Uses refrigeratedtrucks, vans,rails, cargo,

containers.

Consist ofrefrigeratedwarehouses, CA, Cold

storages

Surface storage Refrigerated Transport

TransportationStorage quality

Transportation fromfield to consumer

To assure technical&quality parameters to

ensure shelf life

Key

activities

COLD CHAIN

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COLD STORAGES: CAPACITY

18

Total installed capacity of 21.7 million tonnes and additional capacity of 114million tonnes is required by 2015

Larger capacity per installed units are required (at production as well asconsumption centers)

Availability (2011): 5101 Requirement (2015): 24323

5101

9963

24323

22

47

136

0

2040

60

80

100

120

140160

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2007-08 2010-11 2014-15

Capacity & Requirement

No. of units Capacity in Million MT

Source: http://www.snowman.in/

http://www.snowman.in/http://www.snowman.in/http://www.snowman.in/http://www.snowman.in/http://www.snowman.in/http://www.snowman.in/

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COLD STORAGES IN INDIA

Uttar Pradesh is the leading

state with the maximumnumber of cold storages in thecountry, followed byMaharashtra & West Bengal

In terms of the total capacity,Uttar Pradesh stands first withthe total capacities of 8.93

million MT, followed by WestBengal (5.34 million MT,)together account for more than60 percent of the cold storagecapacity of the country.

State wise Distribution and Total Installed Cold Storage Capacity1567

437 434 420 374276 243 238 179 138

795

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

50006000

7000

8000

9000

10000

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

Capacityin00

0'MT

NumbersofColdSt

orageUnits

Number Capacity in 000' MT

% Share of States in All India Total Installed Capacities

19Source: indiacoldchainexpo.com

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COLD STORAGES

Types of Cold Storage Ownership

Controlled Atmosphere (CA) Storages There are very limited players in the country who is having the CA

facility for perishable commodities. Total CA facility available is40000 tonnes.

Adani Agrifresh It has 3 CA facilities of 6000 MT each in HP forapples

Fresh & Healthy It has a CA facility of 12,000 MT for apples.

DevBhumi Has a CA facility of 5000 MT for apples, strawberry andears.

20

Sector Private Co-operative

Public

Number 4590 358 134

Percentage 90 7 3

Avg.capacity /

Plant(tonnes)

4480 2652 716

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West Bengal has the highest averagecapacity of 12,304 MT per cold

storage, followed by Uttar Pradeshwith 5,700 MT per cold storage andMadhya Pradesh with 4,261 MT percold storage.

The all India capacity utilization of

cold storages is about 58 percent.

Andhra Pradesh has the highestcapacity utilization at about 92percent while West Bengal has the

lowest capacity utilization at about 29percent.

State-wise Average Capacity of Cold Storage Units (in MT)

STATE WISE CAPACITIES & UTILISATION OF COLD STORAGES

5700

1169

12304

31852604 2974

1614

38264261

1835 1837

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Avg.CapacityinMT

46%51%

55% 52%

92%

60%

29%35%

43% 48%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Average Capacity Utilization of Cold Storage

21Source: fcaoi.org/aboutus.html

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COMMODITY WISE DISTRIBUTION OF COLD STORAGES

Commodity Percent of cold

Storages

Potato 87.82

Multi purpose 9.63

Fruit &

vegetable

1.07

Fish 0.73Meat 0.15

Dairy & milk 0.68

Others 0.36

Total 100

Source: http://www.potatoindia.com/

22

Potato, 87.82

Multi-purpose,9.63

Fruits &Vegetables, 1.07

Fish,0.37

Meat, 0.15Dairy, 0.68

Other, 0.36

Commodity wise distribution of coldstorages in India

http://www.potatoindia.com/http://www.potatoindia.com/

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COLD STORAGE UTILIZATION

23

01020304050

60708090

100Monthly Capacity Utillization in %

%

Average

Source:www.acrconsultants.net

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COLD STORAGE REQUIREMENTS

The storage requirementvaries from commodity tocommodity.

Generally, a humidity level of85 95 percent and different

temperature levels arerequired for storing differentcommodities.

Commodities Storage Temp oC Relative Humidity % Storage Life

Apple 0 to 2 90 95 7 26 weeks

Grapes -1 to 0 85 90 4 6 Weeks

Mangoes 7 to 10 90 95 4 6 weeks

Oranges 4 to 6 90

95 9

13 weeks

Papaya 13 to 15 85 90 1 3 weeks

Pears -1 to 0 90 95 2 4 weeks

Pomegranate 8 to 10 90 95 2 months

Guava 7 to 10 85 90 2 3 weeks

Banana 13 to 15 90 95 2 3 weeks

Litchi 2 to 7 90 95 3 4 weeks

Cabbage 0 to 2 90

95 9

13 weeksCarrots 0 to 2 85 90 13 17 weeks

Cauliflower 1 to 2 85 90 4 6 weeks

Cucumber 10 to 13 85 90 10 20 days

Onions dry 0 65 70 1 8 months

Onions green 0 to 2 85 90 17 26 weeks

Peas Green 0 to 2 90 95 2 3 weeks

Potatoes 1 to 4 85 90 26 35 weeks

Okra 7

10 90

95 1

2 weeksTomato Green 10 to 13 85 90 2 4 weeks

Tomato Ripe 4 to 7 85 90 7 10 days

Brinjal 8 to 10 85 90 3 4 weeks

Cut Roses -1 to 4 95 98 2 4 weeks

Meat & Poultry 4 to 6 80 90 7 10 days

Fish & Marine 0 - 4 90 95 15 20 days

Liquid Milk 1 to 4 - 7 10 days

Ice Cream -14 to -18 - 6 9 months

Butter 2 to 4 - 9 12 months

Typical Cold Storage Requirement

24Source: www.concorindia.com/

TRANSPORTATION OF FRESH PRODUCTS

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AIRFLOW INSIDE REEFER CONTAINER 25

Mode of Transport percentageUnrefrigerated mode; traditional packing 82

Unrefrigerated mode; cartons and boxes 13

Refrigerated mode 4

Freezer mode 1

TRANSPORTATION OF FRESH PRODUCTS

Averton consultency report 2009

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Reefer Transport

26

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

2007-08 2010-11 2014-15

25000

54925

120670

Reefer Vehicles EstimatesKey facts:

55000 reefer vehicle forperishables

Dairy reefer has 44000vehicles, only 11000 leftfor rest of perishables.

Additional reefer vehiclerequirement of 1.2 lakh by2015

Source:

http://www.vtransgroup.com/

http://www.vtransgroup.com/http://www.vtransgroup.com/

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AIR CARGO

Tax relaxation by Government ofIndia for private air cargo.

Major commodities transportedare flowers, fruits & vegetables

27

Source: www.aircargonews.net

Year Domestic International Total

2002-03 0.33 0.65 0.98

2006-07 0.53 1.02 1.55

2010-11 0.92 1.98 2.90

2014-15 1.78 4.83 6.61

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

2002-03 2006-07 2010-11 2014-15

0.33 0.53

0.92

1.78

0.65

1.02

1.98

4.83

Air Cargo Transport in India (milliontonnes)

Domestic International

Air Cargo Transport in India (million tonnes)

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GROWTH DRIVERS

28

Shift towards horticultural crops

Growth in organized food retail Increasing growth of food processing & Changing food

habits(ready to eat & cook )

Rising middle class population & disposable income

Innovative technologies in cold chain

Infrastructure status to cold chain

Government initiatives

Third party logistics

28

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CHALLENGES Inadequate Infrastructure.

High capital investment., Operating cost (Rs. 80-90/ cubic feet)

Inadequate Power supply.

Less cold storages at airports, Railway station

Constricted cargo space on flights.

Uneven distribution of cold chains.

Short duration storages.

Seasonal production and irregular supply.

Lack of advance technologies & trained human resource.

Improper handling of produce results high level of wastage and 29

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MAJOR PLAYERS (INDIA)Snowman

Crystal logistics.Refcon Carriers

Bulkani deep freeze

Glacio cold chain

Container Corporationof India (Concor)

Indraprastha ColdChain

Fresh and HealthyEnterprises Ltd (FHEL)

Weber distribution

R.K. Foodland

Trans cold chain

Sensitech

Apollo Everest KoolSolutions

Kausar India Ltd.M/s. Dev Bhumi

Cold Chain Pvt. Ltd

Everast Cold

Storage.Future Logistics.

XPS Cold Chain.

And Many more

30

UNION BUDGET 2011

http://everest-cold.com/index.phphttp://everest-cold.com/index.phphttp://www.sensitech.com/index.html

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UNION BUDGET 2011 Cold chains, as an infrastructure sub-sector.

100 per cent foreign direct investment

Customs duty reduced to 2.5% to set up cold storages.

Exemption of excise duty (16 %) on air conditioning equipment/ conveyor belts for cold storages.

Duty-free import of refrigeration unit, which is required to make refrigerated vans or trucks.

In the budget 24 projects with a total capacity of1.4 lakh tonnes have been sanctioned under theNational Horticultural Mission.

31

FYP11Integrated cold chain facilities and strategic distribution centres.

Building 30 mega food parks.

Government subsidy of about Rs 380 crore.

RAILWAY BUDGET 2011: Provision for creation of cold storages for perishable goods atcertain select stations in partnership with the private sector.

31

GOVERNMENT POLICY & INITIATIVES

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GOVERNMENT POLICY & INITIATIVES NHM provided financial assistance of Rs 44.87 crore for the

establishment of 156 cold storages (2005 - 06 to 2009 -10).

NHB provided assistance for the establishment of 2,172 coldstorages with subsidy of Rs 604.60 crore from (1999 2010).

APEDA provides assistance for setting up of integrated packhouses which include pre-cooling, sorting, grading and coldstorage facilities.

Setting up of National Centre for Cold Chain Development(NCCD). NCCD Activities are: Training and Capacity Building Research and Development Building standards through International benchmarking

32

C S

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CURRENT TRENDSEmerging companies GovernmentInitiatives

Singapore Companies Luvata

Gailtal,sterreich

General Electric Punj Lloyd

Dev Bhumi Cold Chain

Pvt. Ltd. Spire carriers

Everest Cool Solutions

GATI Ltd.

InfrastructureSchemes(CCIS)

Development ofStrategic Distribution

Centers (SDC) Creation of National

Green Grid

PROGRAMMES1. Cold chain summit

2. Cold Chain Expo (ICE)

33

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34

NATIONAL GREEN GRID - THE CONCEPT

Baltimore(Maryland state, United States) 34

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GOVT. CAN DO THIS?

35

Creation of integrated cold chain logistics infrastructure

Technology upgradation.

Capital investmet - private sector participation, FDI

Aid in acquisition of land to set up facilities for cold storage,

food processing, etc.

Examine FDI restrictions in retail

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MARKET POTENTIAL OF F&V

36

0

5

10

15

20

2530

35

40

45

50

2006-07 2010-11 2014-15

3

13

26

4446

48Market Size in $ billions

Processed Nonprocessed

Market size will grow from $ 46billions in 2010 to $ 48 billionsby 2015 @ 6% growth rate.

Value contribution ofprocessed F&V would grow

from 13% in 2010 to 26% in2015

High level of processing willneed robust Cold Chain with

respect to: Regular Supply Storage of raw Finished

Product Maintaining the Quality Source: www.marketreports.com/

DOMESTIC V COLD SUPPLY CHAIN (FRUIT & VEGETABLES )

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DOMESTIC Vs COLD SUPPLY CHAIN (FRUIT & VEGETABLES )

FarmerCommission

AgentWholesaler

Processor

Auction, Storage

at Mandi

Retailer

Conventional/

Reefer Transport

Conventional

Transport

Consumer

Farmer CommissionAgent Wholesaler

Retail Chains

District

Warehouse /

Distribution

Centre

Retail Outlet1

Retail Outlet 2

Retail Outlet 3

Retail Outlet 4

Retail Chains

ProcurementCentres

Consumer

Conventional

Transportation

Conventional/

Reefer Transport

Ambient/ Air

Cooled Storage

Conventional/

Reefer Transport

Pack House/ Cold

Storage

Conventional/ Reefer TransportationConventional

Transportation

FarmerCommission

Agent

Wholesaler/

Exporter

Processing

Grading /

Sorting

Procurement Centre(Pack House/ Cold

Room)

Export

TerminalImporter

Reefer

Transport

Pre-cooling/Cold Storage

Pack House/Cold Storage

Reefer

TransportReefer

Transport

Reefer

Transport

Reefer

Transport

DOMESTIC

RETAIL

EXPORT

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APPLEJammu and Kashmir

Himachal

Pradesh

PunjabUttarakhand

Delhi

Haryana

Uttar Pradesh

Rajasthan

GujratMadhyaPradesh

Bihar

Sikkim

West

Bengal

Arunachal

Pradesh

Nagaland

MizoramTripuraJharkhand

OrissaChattisgarh

Maharashtra

GoaKarnatak

a

Andhra Pradesh

Tamil NaduKerala

Production Areas

1222

268

123

10

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

J & K HP Uttranchal Arunachal

Pradesh

In000'MT

Apples Production in India (000'MT)

Major producing states of apples are

Jammu &Kashmir 70%

HP 20% Uttarakhand - 6 % Arunachal Pradesh rest of the

apples

The total production is 16 lakh metric tonnes.

Harvesting season is June end to October.

I. DOMESTIC SUPPLY CHAIN

Farmers Retailers

Ambient/ Air-cooled Stores

Conventional

TransportCorporates

Commission

Agents

Distributor

Centres

Wholesalers

Packaging/ CA/ ColdStorage

Reefer

TransportReefer

Transport

Auction at Mandi/ ColdStorage/ CA/Pack House

Packed in wooden boxes and transported in normal trucks/ jeeps to storage centres (near to productionareas)

At storage centres, apples are sorted & graded and packed in corrugated fibre board (CFB) cartons of 10-20 kgs

Apples are generally stored in cold storage/ CA storage both at near production and consumption centres These cold storages/ CA are owned by commission agents/ big traders/corporate

Apples are transported in both normal trucks and refrigerated trucks8

APPLE (C td )

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APPLE (Contd)II. EXPORT SUPPLY CHAIN

FarmerCommission

Agent

Wholesaler/

Exporter

Processing

Grading / Sorting /

Packaging

Procurement Centre (Pack

House/ Cold Room)

Export Terminal Importer

Reefer Transport

Pre-cooling/ Cold

Storage

Pack House/

Cold Storage

Reefer TransportReefer TransportReefer TransportReefer Transport

Apple export from India is negligible i.e. only 1.5 percent of total production Around 90 percent ofIndias apple export is to Bangladesh,. For export, apples are generally stored under cold storage near mandi

Farmers RetailersCommission

Agents/ CorporatesWholesalers

Selling Price(Rs.) 35-40 39-44 65-70 75-80Margins (Rs.) - 5 -10% 10-15% 20-25%

Days to transit 0 1-2 3-10 0-2

Wastage 3-5% 0% 5% 2%

III. PROFIT MARGIN

Total wastage of about 5-10% across the entire supply chain

At Cold Storage / CA, the level of wastage is about 5% due to moisture loss, during the storage period

OPERATIONS IN COLD CHAIN (APPLES)

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Technologies/

Facilities

Description

Pre-cooling Apples are placed in a cool and ventilated place to remove the field

heat in plastic crates

Pre-cooling centres are near the production regions

Forced Air method of pre-cooling is used in general for apples (bulk

pre-cooling)

Temp: 4 to 70C, RH: 75 to 85%

Duration: 7-10 hours

Grading &Packaging

Use of automatic grading and packaging machines After receiving, apples are washed, graded and packed in corrugated

fibre board (CFB) cartons of 10-20 kgs

Cold Storage/ CA

Storage

Pre-cooled and graded apples are kept in Cold Storages/ CA

Cold Storage requirement

o Temperature: 2 to 4oC, RH: 85%

o Shelf life: 2 to 3 months CA Storage requirement

o Temperature: 0 to 1oC, RH: 90-95%

o Gases: 2%-2.5% O2, < 1% CO2 and 96-98% N2

o Shelf Life: 7 to 9 months

Reefer Transport In Reefer (8 MT) and non Reefer trucks (10MT)

Others Prestorage treatment with antioxidant with a week of harvesting

OPERATIONS IN COLD CHAIN (APPLES)

40

CONCLUSION

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CONCLUSION The Retail growth, increased production of perishable

products have created a huge opportunity for cold chain in

India. The key factor that will decide how the cold chain sector

grows over the next few years will be, how strong, and howsustainable the investment flow is.

PPP in the sector as well as greater involvement of railwaysand airports can strengthen the cold chain infrastructure.

The integration of various elements and stakeholders of coldchain management, forge workable partnerships (evenpublic-private partnerships wherever possible) is required torealize the vision for an efficient and integrated cold chain

management throughout the country. 41

Storage instead of

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.Lead Us Towards ahunger

Free world

gwasting can.

THANK YOU