MODUL IMPULSPROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK

KIMIA SPMDAERAH KUALA MUDA YAN 2012

MODUL PRACTICE MAKES PERFECTKIMIA

MODUL KIMIA ‘PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT’

Pengenalan: Modul ini dibahagi kepada tiga kategori

(A)Kategori Aras Rendah : Untuk digunakan oleh pelajar yang lemah tetapi berpotensi untuk lulus. Dengan diberi cukup latihan berbentuk latih tubi ini, pelajar berpeluang untuk lulus dengan baik.

(B)Kategori Aras Sederhana: Untuk digunakan oleh pelajar yang sederhana tetapi berpotensi untuk cemerlang. Dengan diberi latihan yang mantap ini, pelajar berpeluang untuk lulus dengan cemerlang.

(C)Kategori Aras Tinggi: Untuk digunakan oleh pelajar yang pintar kimia. Dengan diberi latihan yang merangkumi keseluruhan aspek ini, pelajar berpeluang untuk lulus dengan kecemerlangan tinggi.

Akhir kata: Semoga modul Kimia ‘Practise Makes Perfect’ ini dapat memberi manafaat kepada semua pihak iaitu pelajar dan guru.

Modul Kategori Aras Rendah:

Questions 1 to 30 are followed by four options A,B,C or D.Choose the best option for each question.

1. When steam condenses to form water, the moleculesApabila stim terkondensasi untuk membentuk air, molekul-molekul itu

A. break up to form atomsberpecah membentuk atom-atom

B. shrink in sizemengecut dalam saiz

C. move closer togetherbergerak rapat bersama

D. gain energy and move fastermemperoleh tenaga dan bergerak lebih laju

2. Diagram 1 shows the change of state of matter.Rajah 1 menunjukkan perubahan keadaan jirim

Diagram 1

Which of the following is process X ?Antara berikut, yang manakah proses X ?

A. MeltingPeleburan

B. BoilingPendidihan

C. FreezingPembekuan

D. CondensationKondensasi

3. Diagram 2 shows the atomic symbol of element X .Rajah 2 menunjukkan simbol atomik bagi unsur X.

Diagram 2Which of the following is true about the number of proton for element X ?Antara berikut, yang manakah benar tentang bilangan proton bagi unsur X?

Number of protons11122334

4. Diagram 3 shows the atomic symbol of element Z.Rajah 3 menunjukkan simbol atomik bagi unsur Z.

Diagram 3Which of the following is true about the electron arrangement of element Z ?Antara berikut, yang manakah benar tentang susunan elektron bagi unsur Z ?

Electron ArrangementA. 2.2B. 2.4C. 2.8.6D. 2.8.2

5. What is the type of particles in copper metal?Apakah jenis jirim di dalam logam kuprum?

A. ionsB. atomsC. moleculesD. element

X23

11

Z12

6

ABCD

6. What is the relative molecular formula of chlorine gas?Apakah jisim formula relative bagi gas klorin?[Relative atomic mass: Cl = 35.5 ]

A. 35.5B. 71.0C. 18.0D. 15.0

7. Which electron arrangement is suitable for the Noble gases?Yang manakah susunan elektron yang sesuai bagi gas Adi ?

A. 2.2B. 2.2.8C. 2.8.2D. 2.8.8

8 Diagram 4 shows the position of elements W, X, Y and Z in the Periodic Table.W, X, Y and Z are not the actual symbol of the elements.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan kedudukan unsur-unsur W, X, Y dan Z dalam Jadual Berkala.W, X, Y dan Z bukan simbol sebenar bagi unsur-unsur itu.

WX Y

Z

Diagram 4

Which of the following atom has electron arrangement 2.8.6?Antara atom beriku yang manakah mempunyai susunan elektron 2.8.6?A WB XC YD Z

9. Which of the following pairs will form a covalent compound?Antara pasangan berikut, yang manakah akan membentuk sebatian kovalen?A Chlorine and SulphurB Potassium and SodiumC Stannum and OxygenD Magnesium and Sulphur

10 Which of the following substances is non electrolyte? Antara bahan berikut, yang manakah bukan elektrolit?

A VinegarCuka

B EthanolEtanol

C Copper(II) sulphate solution Larutan kuprum(II) sulfat

D Sodium chloride moltenLeburan natrium klorida

11. Which following process is not an example of the uses of electrolysis in industry? Antara proses berikut, yang manakah bukan satu contoh kegunaan elektrolisis dalam industri?A Electroplating of metal

Penyaduran logamB Purification of metal

Penulenan logamC Extraction of metal

Pengekstrakan logamD Oxidation of metal Pengoksidaan logam

12 Sulphuric acid is a strong acid because itAsid sulfurik adalah asid kuat kerana asid ini

A. has a high melting point.mempunyai takat lebur yang tinggi

B. ionized completely in water. mengion lengkap dalam air

C. contains few hydrogen atoms.mengandungi sedikit atom-atom hidrogen

D. is only slightly soluble in water.larut sedikit dalam air

13 Which of the following is a weak acid?Antara berikut, yang manakah asid lemah?

14. Which of the following is true about an alkali? Antara pernyataan berikut yang manakah benar tentang alkali?

A. An alkali is not corrosiveAlkali tidak mengkakis

B. An alkali is a base that is soluble in water Alkali adalah bes yang larut dalam air

C. A strong alkali has a lower pH valueAlkali kuat mempunyai pH yang rendah

D. A weak alkali has a high degree of ionizationAlkali lemah ialah alkali yang mempunyai kadar pengionan yang tinggi

15 Which of the following is a salt?Antara berikut, yang manakah adalah satu garam ?

16 Which pairs of the substances is used to prepare CuSO4 salt?

Antara pasangan bahan yang manakah digunakan untuk menyediakan garam CuSO4?

A Cu(NO3)2 and Na2SO4

B CuO and H2SO4

C Cu and H2SO4

A. HCl, hydrochloric acid

B. NaOH , sodium hydroxide solution

C. CH3OH, methanol

D. CH3COOH, ethanoic acid

A. Sodium metalLogam natrium

B. Sodium hydroxideNatrium hidroksida

C. Sodium oxideNatrium oksida

D. Sodium chlorideNatrium klorida

D Cu and MgSO4

17 The table shows the cation test for solution X.

Jadual menunjukkan ujian kation bagi larutan X

What cation present in solution X?

Apakah kation yang hadir dalam larutan X?

A NH 4+

B Zn 2+

C Mg 2+

D Ca 2+

Test Observation

Sodium hydroxide solution is added

into aqueous solution X until in

excess.

Larutan natrium hidroksida ditambahkan

ke dalam larutan akueus X sehingga

berlebihan.

White precipitate is formed.

White precipitate does not dissolve in

excess of sodium hydroxide solution.

Mendakan putih terbentuk.

Mendakan putih tidak larut dalam larutan

natrium hidroksida berlebihan.

Ammonia aqueous is added into

solution X.

Akueus ammonia ditambah ke dalam

larutan X.

No precipitate.

Tiada mendakan.

18 Which of the following salts is prepared using double decomposition method?Antara yang berikut, garam manakah yang disediakan dengan menggunakan kaedah penguraian ganda dua?

A Copper(II) sulphateKuprum(II) sulfat

B Lead(II) chloridePlumbum(II) klorida

C Iron(II) nitrateFerum(II) nitrat

D Potassium carbonateKalium karbonat

19 The body of an aeroplane is made up of duralumin. What is the main in metal in duralumin?Badan kapalterbang dibuat daripada duralumin. Apakah logam utama dalam duralumin?

A IronBesi

B CopperKuprum

C AluminiumAluminium

D MagnesiumMagnesium

20 Which of the following shows the arrangement of the atoms in brass?Antara berikut yang manakah menunjukkan susunan atom dalam loyang?

A

B

C

D

21 Element G is placed in Group 14 and Period 2.What is the proton number for atom G?Unsur G terletak dalam Kumpulan 14 dan Kala 2.Apakah nombor proton bagi atom G?

A 2

B 6C 14D 18

22 Element X react with oxygen to form a covalent compound.Which of the following elements could be X?Unsur X bertindak balas dengan oksigen menghasilkan sebatian kovalen.Antara unsur berikut, yang manakah mungkin X?

A Carbon

B Sodium

C AluminiumD Magnesium

23. An electrolyte can conduct electricity because it consist of Elektrolit boleh mengkonduksi arus elektrik kerana ia terdiri daripada

A consists of ions in the solid state terdiri daripada ion dalam keadaan pepejal

B consists of free moving molecules in water terdiri daripada molekul-molekul yang bergerak bebas dalam air

C consists of free moving atoms in the molten state terdiri daripada atom-atom yang bergerak bebas dalam leburan

D consists of free moving ions in the aqueous state terdiri daripada ion-ion bergerak bebas dalam keadaan akueus

24. Aluminium metal forms an oxide when react with oxygen gas. The correct formula for aluminium oxide is Logam Aluminium membentuk oksida apabila bertindak balas dengan gas oksigen. Formula yang betul untuk aluminium oksida ialah

A. AlO

B. AlO2

C. AlO3

D . Al2O3

25. Diagram 5 shows the set-up of apparatus for electrolysis of copper (II) sulphate. Rajah 5 menunjukkan radas bagi elektrolisis kuprum (II) sulfat.

carbon electrode carbon electrode (cathode) (anode)

Diagram 5 What is formed at the cathode carbon ?

Apakah yang terbentuk katod karbon ?

A. OxygenB. Sulphur dioxideC. Hydrogen gasD. Copper

26. Which of the following acids is a diprotic acid? Antara asid berikut, yang manakah asid dwibase?

A. hydrochloric acid, HCl

B. nitric acid, HNO3

C. ethanoic acid, CH3COOH

D. sulphuric acid, H2SO4

27 Diagram 6 shows the apparatus set- up of a chemical cell.

Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi suatu sel kimia.

copper (II) sulphate solution

Copper platePlat kuprum kuprumkuprumZinc plate

Plat zink Dilute sulphuric acidAcid sulfurik cair

V

Diagram 6

State the name of this chemical cell.

Nyatakan nama bagi sel kimia ini.

A Electrolytic cell

B Voltaic cell

C Kinetic cell

D Solar cell

28 Z is an element that reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas.Which of the following is likely to be the electron arrangement of Z?Z adalah satu unsur yang boleh bertindakbalas dengan air untuk menghasilkan gas hidrogen.Yang manakah antara berikut adalah susunan elektron Z?

ABCD

2.4

2.8.1

2.8.2

2.8.8

29 Which of the following is suitable method to prepare copper(II) chloride?Antara tindak balas berikut yang manakah kaedah yang sesuai untuk menyediakan kuprum(II) klorida?

A Copper(II) nitrate and hydrochloric acidKuprum(II) nitrat dan asid hidroklorik

B Copper and hydrochloric acidKuprum dan asid hidroklorik

C Copper(II) oxide and hydrochloric acidKuprum(II) oksida dan asid hidroklorik

D Copper(II) carbonate and sodium chlorideKuprum(II) karbonat dan natrium klorida

30. Diagram 7 shows the reaction involved in the manufacturing of sulphuric acid.Rajah 7 menunjukkan tindak balas yang terlibat dalam pembuatan asid sulfurik.

Diagram 7

Which of the following is the chemical formula for Y?Antara berikut, manakah formula kimia untuk Y ?A H2SO3

B H2S2O7

C H2SO4

D H2S2O8

Answers

1 C 9 A 17 A 25 D2 B 10 B 18 B 26 D3 A 11 D 19 C 27 B4 B 12 B 20 A 28 B5 B 13 D 21 B 29 C6 B 14 B 22 A 30 B7 D 15 D 23 D8 C 16 B 24 D

Modul Kategori Aras Sederhana:

1. Diagram 1 shows the chemical symbols which represent three elements X, Y and Z The letters used are not the actual symbols of the elements. Rajah 1 menunjukkan symbol kimia yang mewakili tiga unsur X, Y dan Z. Huruf yang digunakan adalah bukan simbol sebenar unsur itu.

9 X 4

32 Y15

31 Z15

Diagram 1

S SO2 SO3 Y Sulphuric Acid

(a) (i) What is meant by proton number? Apakah maksud bagi nombor proton?

………………………………………………………………………..[1] (ii) State the proton number for atom X Nyatakan nombor proton bagi atom X.

……………………………………………………………………….[1] (iii) What is represented by the number 32 for the element Y?

Apakah yang diwakili oleh nombor 32 bagi unsur Y?

………………………………………………………………………. [1]

(b) (i) Atom Y and Z are isotopes. State the difference between the two atoms.

Atom Y dan Z adalah isotop. Nyatakan perbezaan di antara kedua-dua atom itu.

……………………………………………………………………….[1] (ii) State one uses of isotopes in daily life.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan isotop dalam kehidupan harian.

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[1]

(c) (i) Write the electron arrangement of atom Y. Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom Y.

……………………………………………………………………..[1] (ii) Determine the number of valence electron for atom Y. Tentukan bilangan elektron valens bagi atom Y.

……………………………………………………………………..[1]

(ii) Draw the electron arrangement for atom Z. Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi atom Z.

[2]

2 Diagram 2 shows part of the Periodic Table of the Elements. Q, T, X, Y and Z do not represent the actual symbol of the elements.

. Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur.

Q, T, X, Y dan Z tidak mewakili simbol sebenar unsur.

3Q7

4T9

6X12

7Y14

8Z16

DIAGRAM 2 Using the letters in the Periodic Table of the Elements in Diagram 2, answer the following questions.Dengan menggunakan huruf dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur pada Rajah 2, jawab

soalan berikut. (a) (i) Write the electron arrangement of atom Q.

Tuliskan susunan electron bagi atom Q.

.........................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Write the formula of ion Q. Tuliskan formula bagi ion Q.

.........................................................................................................[1] (b) State one element which exists as a diatomic molecule. Nyatakan satu unsur yang wujud sebagai molekul dwiatom.

……………………………………………………………………………[1]

(c) Arrange the elements Q, T, X, Y and Z according to the atomic size in descending order.

Susun unsur- unsur Q, T, X, Y and Z berdasarkan saiz atom dalam susunan menurun.

………………………………………………………………………….....[1]

(d) X reacts with Z to form a compound. X bertindak balas dengan Z membentuk satu sebatian.

(i) What is the type of the compound formed? Apakah jenis sebatian yang terbentuk itu?

........................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State one physical property of the compound formed.

Nyatakan satu sifat fizikal sebatian yang terbentuk itu.

.......................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Draw the electron arrangement for the compound formed. Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk itu.

[2]

3. An experiment is carried out by heating 3.10 g of copper (II) carbonate. The green solid of copper(II) carbonate decomposes to form 2.40 g black solid and a colourless gas.Satu eksperimen dijalankan dengan memanaskan 3.10 g kuprum (II) karbonat. Pepejal hijau kuprum(II) karbonat terurai membentuk 2.40 g pepejal hitam dan gas tak berwarna.

(a) Identify the black solid and the colourless gas.Kenalpasti pepejal hitam dan gas tak berwarna itu.

Black solid : ………………………………………....

Colourless gas : ………………………………………… [2]

(b) Describe a chemical test to identify the colourless gas. Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk mengenalpasti gas tak berwarna itu .

…………………………………………………………………………… [2] (c) Write the chemical equation for the reaction. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.

……………………………………………………………………………. [2] (d) Calculate the number of moles of copper(II) carbonate used.

[Relative atomic mass of Cu, 64; C, 12; O, 16] Hitung bilangan mol kuprum(II) karbonat yang digunakan.

A

CopperKuprum

Copper(II) sulphate solutionLarutan kuprum(II) sulfat

ZincZink

Zinc sulphate solutionLarutan zink sulfat

[2 ]

(d) Calculate the volume of the gas produced at s.t.p. [1 mole of gas occupies 22.4 dm3]

Hitung isipadu gas yang terhasil pada s.t.p.

[2]

4 Diagram 4.1 shows a chemical cell.Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan satu sel kimia.

Diagram 4.1

(a) (i) State the name of apparatus A.Nyatakan nama bagi radas A.

………………………………………………………………………………[1]

(ii) What is the function of apparatus in (a) (i).Apakah fungsi radas dalam (a) (i).

……………………………………………………………………………….[1](b) (i) State one observation at the zinc plate.

Nyatakan satu pemerhatian pada kepingan zink.

………………………………………………………………………………[1](ii) Write the half equation for the reaction that occurs at the zinc plate.

Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku pada kepingan zink.

........................................................................................................................[2] (c) What is the type of reaction occur at copper plate.

Apakah jenis tindak balas yang berlaku pada kepingan kuprum.

…………………………………………………………………………………….[1]

(d) Draw the flow of electron in Diagram 3.1.Lukiskan arah pengaliran elektron pada Rajah 3.1.

[1]

7 (a) The statement below is about a reaction. Pernyataan di bawah ialah tentang suatu tindak balas.

(i) What is the meaning of a mole? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan satu mol?

[1 mark]

0.01 mol of hydrogen chloride gas reacts with 0.01 mol of ammonia gas produces 0.01 mol of ammonium chloride solid

0.01 mol gas hydrogen klorida bertindak balas dengan 0.01 mol gas ammonia menghasilkan 0.01 mol pepejal ammonium klorida

(ii) Calculate the numbers of particles in 0.01 mol of ammonium chloride.[Avogadro constant = 6.02 X 1023 mol-1] Hitungkan bilangan zarah-zarah dalam 0.01 mol ammonium klorida.

[1 mark]

(iii) Write the molecular formulae of hydrogen chloride and ammonia.Calculate their relative molecular mass. [Relative atomic mass: H = 1, N = 14, Cl = 35.5]Tuliskan formula molekul bagi hydrogen klorida dan ammonia.Hitungkan jisim molekul mereka.

[4 marks]

(b) Below is a chemical equation for a reaction.Di bawah ialah persamaan kimia bagi suatu tindak balas.

2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) 2KNO3(aq) + PbI2(s)

(i) Name the reaction and state one observation for the reaction. Namakan tindak balas itu dan nyatakan satu permerhatian bagi tindak balas itu.

[2 marks]

(ii) Based on the chemical equation, interpret the equation qualitatively and quantitatively. Berdasarkan kepada persamaan kimia itu, tafsirkan persamaan itu secara

kualitatif dan kuantitatif. [4 marks]

(c) The statement below describe an activity in laboratory. Pernyataan di bawah menghuraikan satu aktiviti dalam makmal.

(i) Draw the apparatus set-up for the activity. Lukis susunan radas bagi aktiviti itu.

[2 marks]

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction. Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.

[2 marks]

(iii) 6.2 g of copper(II) carbonate is used in the reaction.Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced at room condition. [Relative atomic mass: C = 12, O = 16, Cu = 64. Molar volume at room condition = 24 dm3 mol-1]6.2 g kuprum(II) karbonat digunakan dalam tindak balas ini.Hitungkan isipadu gas karbon dioksida dihasilkan pada keadaan bilik.

[4 marks]

An activity is carried out as follows:Copper (II) carbonate is heated in a test tube. Gas produced is passed in lime water through a delivery tube.

Suatu aktiviti dijalankan seperti berikut:Kuprum(II) karbonat dipanaskan dalam sebuah tabung uji. Gas yang terhasil dihasilkan dilalukan ke dalam air kapur melalui tiub penghantar.

10 (a) Diagram 10 shows the conversion of sulphur to sulphuric acid through contact process.

Rajah 10 menunjukkan penukaran sulfur kepada asid sulfurik melalui proses sentuh.

Describe the contact process. Huraikan proses sentuh tersebut.Your answer should include these following aspects:Jawapan anda perlu megandungi aspek-aspek berikut:

Chemical equations for all stagesPersamaan-persamaan kimia untuk semua peringkat.

Optimum conditions requiredKeadaan-keaadaan optimum yang diperlukan

[10 marks]

SulphurSulfur

Sulphuric AcidAcid sulfurik

Contact process

Proses sentuh

Diagram 10Rajah 10

Marking schemeQuestion Sub Answer Marks

1 (a)(i) - the number of proton in a nucleus 1

(ii) 4 1

(b) Nucleon number 1

(c )(i) Y and Z have different number of neutron / nucleon number. 1

(ii) Carbon 14 – to estimate the age of fossils and artifacts 1

(d)(i) 2.8.5 or 2,8,5 1

(ii) 5 1

(iii) 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 electrons in the second shell and 5 electrons in the third shells.

Label of nucleus/ mark at the centre of the atom

1

1

TOTAL 9

Question Sub Answer Marks2 (a) Black solid - copper (II) oxide

Gas - carbon dioxide1

1(b) Flow the gas into lime water

Lime water turns cloudy / chalky11

(c) CuCO3 CuO + CO2

Correct formula of reactantCorrect formula of products

11

(d )(i) Molar mass of CuCO3 = 64 + 12 + (3 x 16) = 124

No. of moles of CuCO3 = 3.10124 // 0.025

1

1

(ii) Volume of CO2 = 0.025 x 22.4 = 0.56 dm3 1

TOTAL 9

Question Sub Answer Marks

3 (a) (i) 2,1 / 2.1 1

(ii) Q+/ Li+ 1

(b) Y / Z 1

(c)(i) Q, T, X, Y, Z 1

(ii) - nuclei charge increase // the number of proton increase- nuclei attraction on the valence electrons increase

11

(d) (i) covalent 1

(ii) Have low melting and boiling point// do not conduct electricity// do not dissolve in water// dissolve in organic solvent

1

(iii) - showing the sharing of electrons and correct number of

electrons in each shell

- correct label and correct number of electron pairs being shared

1

1

TOTAL 10

Question Marking scheme Marks4 (a) (i) Porous pot 1

(ii) To allow ions to move through it 1

(b) (i) Size of zinc reduces 1

(ii) Zn Zn2+ + 2eCorrect formula of reactantCorrect formula of products

11

(c)

(d)

Reduction

From zinc to copper ( show on the diagram)

1

1

TOTAL 7

No Explanation Mark ∑ Mark

X YY

7(a)(i) Able to state the meaning of a mole

Sample answer:Amount of substance that contain as many particle as the number of atoms is exactly 12g of carbon-12 //6 X 1023 of particles in a substance 1 1

(ii) Able to calculate the amount of particle in ammonium chlorideAnswer:0.01 X 6.02 X 1023 / 6.02 X 1021

1 1

(iii) Able to:1 write the molecular formulae for the substances2 calculate RMM for both substancesAnswer:

1 + 11 + 1 4

(b)(i) Able to name the reaction and state the observation correctlySample answer:Double decomposition // precipitationYellow precipitate

11 2

(ii) Able to interpret the equation correctly1 names of reactants2 names of products3 physical states4 moles of reactants and products

Sample answer:2 mol / formula units of potassium iodide aqueous reacts with 1 mol / formula units lead(II) nitrate aqueous produces 2 mol / formula units of potassium nitrate aqueous and 1 mol / formula units lead(II) iodide solid

4

4

(c)(i) Able to draw the functional apparatus set-up & label1 Functional diagram: Test tube with clamp, no leakage in stopper & delivery tube inside lime water2 Label:

heat with arrow / /draw Bunsen burner, lime water and copper(II) carbonate

Sample answer:

1

1

Molecular formula

RMM

HCl 1+35.5 //36.5NH3 14 +3(1) //17

2

(ii) Able to write the chemical equation

1 correct reactant2 correct products

Answer:CuCO3 CuO + CO2

11

2

Able to show the calculation

Answer1 Number of mol of CuCO3 = 6.2 // 0.05

1242 1 mol of CuCO3 produces 1 mol of CO2 // 0.05 mol of CuCO3

produces 0.05 mol of CO2

3 Volume of CO2 = 0.05 X 244 1.2 dm3 // 1200 cm3

1

1

11 4

Total 20

No10

Explanation Mark ∑ mark

(a) Able describe how sulphuric acid is produced

1 Sulphur is burnt in the air to form sulphur dioxide2 S + O2 SO2

3 Sulphur dioxide is burnt in the air to form sulphur trioxide4 2SO2 + O2 2SO3

5 Temperature : 450 – 550 °C Pressure: 1 atm6 Catalyst used: vanadium(V) oxide, V2O5

7 Sulphur trioxide is dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid to form oleum.8 2SO3 + H2SO4 H2S2O7

9 Oleum is diluted with distilled water to form sulphuric acid

11

111

1

111

Lime water

Calcium carbonate // CaCO3

Heat

10 H2S2O7 + H2O 2 H2SO4 1 10

Modul Kategori Aras Tinggi :

1 Table 1 shows the element in Period 3 with their respective proton numbers.Jadual 1 menunjukkan unsur-unsur dalam Kala 3 bersama nombor proton masing-masing.

ElementUnsur

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

Proton numberNombor proton

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Table 1

(a) (i) Write the electron arrangement of silicon atom, Si Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom silikon, Si

...........................................................................................……………................[1 mark]

(ii) In which group of the Periodic Table is silicon, Si located? Dalam kumpulan manakah silikon,Si berada dalam Jadual Berkala?................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(b) (i) How does the atomic size change when going across Period 3 from left to right?Bagaimanakah saiz atom berubah apabila merentasi Kala 3 dari kiri ke kanan?

...............................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(ii) Explain your answer in 1(b)(i).Terangkan jawapana anda dalam 1(b)(i).

...............................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(c) Neon is chemically unreactive. Explain why?Neon adalah tidak reaktif secara kimia. Terangkan mengapa?

(d) (i)

(ii)

…………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]

Which of the element when reacts with oxygen produces an amphoteric oxide?Unsur yang manakah apabila bertindakbalas dengan oksigen membentuk oksida amfoterik?

…………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

Write the formula of the amphoteric oxide formed.Tuliskan formula bagi oksida amfoterik yang terbentuk.

................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(e) Sodium atom reacts with chlorine atom to form the compound sodium chloride.Draw a diagram to show the electron arrangement of the compound.Atom natrium bertindak balas dengan atom klorin membentuk sebatian natrium klorida. Lukis satu rajah untuk menunjukkan susunan elektron dalam sebatian ini.

[2 marks]

2 Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen untuk menentukan formula empirik magnesium oksida

lid

crucible magnesium ribbon

Diagram 2

Table 2 shows the results of this experiment.Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen ini.

DescriptionPenerangan

Mass(g)Jisim(g)

Mass of the crucible + lidJisim mangkuk pijar + tudung

20.50

Mass of the crucible + lid + magnesium ribbonJisim mangkuk pijar + tudung + pita magnesium

22.30

Mass of the crucible + lid + magnesium oxideJisim mangkuk pijar + tudung + magnesium oksida

23.50

Table 2

(a)

(b)

The magnesium ribbon is cleaned with sandpaper before heating. Explain why.Pita magnesium dibersihkan dengan kertas pasir sebelum dipanaskan.Terangkan mengapa.

...........................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

Based on Table 3,Berdasarkan Jadual 3,

(i) Calculate the mass of:Hitung jisim bagi:

(ii)

Magnesium :

Oxygen:

[2 marks]

Calculate the ratio of moles of magnesium atoms to oxygen atoms.[Relative atomic mass : O= 16 , Mg = 24]Hitung nisbah mol bagi atom magnesium kepada atom oksigen. [ Jisim atom relatif : O =16 , Mg = 24]

[1 mark]

(iii) Determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.Tentukan formula empirik bagi magnesium oksida.

…………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(c) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in the experiment.Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi eksperimen ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………. [2 marks]

(d)

Give a reason why the crucible lid is opened once in a while during the experiment.Berikan sebab mengapa tudung mangkuk pijar perlu dibuka sekali sekala sepanjang eksperimen dijalankan.

.................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(e) Metal W is less reactive than hydrogen towards oxygen.Draw a labeled apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula for the oxideof metal W.Logam W adalah kurang reaktif berbanding hidrogen terhadap oksigen.Lukiskan susunan radas berlabel bagi menentukan formula empirik oksida logam W.

[2 marks]

3 Diagram 3 shows the apparatus set- up to purify impure copper through electrolysis.Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menulenkan kuprum tak tulen melalui elektrolisis.

Diagram 3(a) State the energy change in the electrolytic cell above.

Nyatakan perubahan tenaga dalam sel elektrolisis di atas.

………………..…………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

(b) Which electrode act as cathode?Elektrod manakah bertindak sebagai katod ?

……………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

(c) Write the formulae of all the cations present in copper(II) sulphate solution.Tuliskan formula bagi semua kation yang hadir dalam larutan kuprum(II) sulfat.

……………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

(d) (i) State one observation at impure copper electrode.Nyatakan satu pemerhatian pada elektrod kuprum tak tulen.

……………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

(ii) Write the half equation that occurs at impure copper electrode.Tulis setengah persamaan yang berlaku di elektrod kuprum tak tulen.

…………………………………………………………………………………[2 marks]

(e) The blue colour of copper(II) sulphate solution remains unchanged.Explain why?Warna biru larutan kuprum(II) sulfat tidak berubah. Terangkan mengapa ?

…………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………….

[2 marks](f) State the type of reaction that occurs at pure copper electrode.

Nyatakan jenis tindak balas yang berlaku di elektrod kuprum tulen.

………………………………………………………………………………….

[1 mark](g) State another use of electrolysis in industry.

Nyatakan satu lagi kegunaan elektrolisis dalam industri.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

4 Table 4 shows the results of an experiment to study the properties of hydrogen chloride in different solvents.Jadual 4 menunjukkan keputusan suatu eksperimen untuk mengkaji sifat-sifat hidrogen klorida dalam pelarut-pelarut yang berlainan

ExperimentHydrogen chloride in

Hidrogen klorida dalamSolvent PPelarut P

Solvent QPelarut Q

Reaction with blue litmus paper.Tindak balas dengan kertas litmus biru

No changeTiada perubahan

Blue litmus paper turns red Kertas litmus biru berubah kepada merah

Reaction with a piece of magnesiumTindak balas dengan pita magnesium

No gas bubbles releasedTiada gelembung gas

Colourless gas bubbles releasedGelembung gas tanpa warna terbebas

Table 4

(a) Name the particles of hydrogen chloride found inNamakan zarah-zarah hidrogen klorida yang terdapat dalam(i) Solvent P

Pelarut P

……………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(ii)

Solvent QPelarut Q

………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(b) Suggest the solvent most likely to beCadangkan pelarut yang mungkin bagi

(i) Solvent PPelarut P............................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

Solvent QPelarut Q............................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(c) Write the chemical equation to represent the reaction between hydrogen chloride in solvent Q with magnesium.Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi mewakili tindak balas antara hidrogen klorida dalam pelarut Q dengan magnesium.

........................................................................................................................................ [2 marks]

(d) (i) Predict whether hydrogen chloride in solvent P can conduct electricity.Ramalkan sama ada hidrogen klorida dalam pelarut P dapat mengkonduksi elektrik.

................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(ii)

Give the reason for your prediction.Berikan sebab bagi ramalan anda.

............................................................................................................................. [ 1 mark]

(e) If 50 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrogen chloride in solvent Q reacts with magnesium, calculate the mass of magnesium which has reacted.[Relative atomic mass: Mg = 24; H = 1; Cl = 35.5 ]

Jika 50 cm3 hidrogen klorida 0.1 mol dm-3 dalam pelarut Q bertindak balas dengan magnesium , hitung jisim magnesium yang telah bertindak balas.[Jisim atom relatif: Mg = 24; H = 1; C = 35.5 ]

[ 2 marks ]

7 Diagram 7 shows the structural formula of substance P.Rajah 7 menunjukkan formula struktur bahan P.

(a) Based on Diagram 7: Berdasarkan Rajah 7,

(i) State two informations that can be obtained.Nyatakan dua maklumat yang boleh diperolahi. [2 marks]

(ii) State the empirical formula and the molecular formula.Nyatakan formula empirik dan formula molekul. [2 marks]

(iii) Substance P is a gas at room temperature. Calculate the volume of 0.2 mol substance P at room temperature.Bahan P adalah gas pada suhu bilik. Kirakan isipadu 0.2 mol bahan P pada suhu bilik.[ 1 mol of any gas at room temperature is 24 dm3 ] [2 marks]

(b) Sodium chloride, NaCl is an ionic compound while carbon tertrachloride, CCl4 is a covalent compound. These compounds have different physical properties. Compare and explain the differences between the two compounds based on:

Melting point Electrical conductivity

Natrium klorida, NaCl adalah sebatian ion manakala karbon tetraklorida, CCl4 adalah sebatian kovalen. Bahan-bahan ini mempunyai sifat fizikal yang berbeza.Banding dan terangkan perbezaan di antara kedua sebatian ini berdasarkan:

Takat lebur Kekonduksian elektrik

H C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

Diagram 7

H

[8 marks](c) Carbon reacts with chlorine to form a covalent compound, carbon tetrachloride.

Describe how the bonds between carbon atom and chlorine atoms are formed.Proton number of C = 6 , Cl = 17Karbon bertindakbalas dengan klorin untuk membentuk satu sebatian kovalen. karbon tetraklorida.

Terangkan bagaimana ikatan antara atom karbon dan atom klorin terbentuk.Nombor proton C = 6, Cl = 17 [6 marks]

8

Our National Monument in Kuala Lumpur is more than forty years old. It is made from bronze, an alloy of copper and tin.

Until today, it is still standing high, strong and beautiful.

Tugu Negara di Kuala Lumpur sudah menjangkau lebih empat puluh tahun. Ia diperbuat daripada gangsa, suatu aloi kuprum dan stanum. Sehingga sekarang ia masih berdiri teguh, kuat dan menarik.

(a)(i) Based on the above statement, state three reasons for alloying. Berdasarkan kepada pernyataan di atas, nyatakan tiga sebab untuk pengaloian

[ 3 marks]

(ii) Draw the arrangement of the atoms in bronze alloy. Lukiskan susunan atom dalam aloi gangsa.

[ 2 marks]

(b) Diagram 8.1 shows how the substance ammonium sulphate is produced. Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan bagaimana bahan ammonium sulfat dihasilkan.

(c)

Process Q

Reaction R

State the names of process P and process Q. Nyatakan nama bagi proses P dan proses Q.

Explain the industrial preparation of sulphuric acid in Process P. In your answers, include the chemical equations involved. Terangkan persediaan secara industri bagi asid sulfurik dalam proses P.

[12 marks]

The widespread use of synthetic polymers and their improper disposal have contributed to pollution of the environment. Penggunaan polimer sintetik secara berleluasa dan pembuangan secara sewenang-wenang bahan ini mengakibatkan pencemaran alam sekitar.

Name one synthetic polymer. State two ways to reduce pollution caused by synthetic polymers.

Namakan satu polimer sintetik. Nyatakan dua cara untuk mengurangkan pencemaran disebabkan polimer sintetik.

(3 marks)

Process P

Sulphuric Acid Ammonia

Ammonium sulphateAmmonium sulfat

Diagram 8.1

Mark scheme

1 Answers Marks

(a) (i) 2.8.4 1

(ii) 14 1

(b) (i) Decreases // Become smaller 1

(ii) Proton number / Positive charges increases // Forces of attraction increases

1

(c) Achieved octet electron arrangement // Has 8 electron valenceDo not accept or share electron

11

(d) (i) Al // Aluminium 1

(ii) Al2O3 1

(e)

Pt 1: Label nucleus and correct number of shellsPt 2: Octet electron arrangement and correct charges

orrect electron arrangement = 1m

11

Total 10

2 (a) To remove the oxide layer1

(b) (i) Mass of magnesium = 22.30 – 20.50 g // 1.80 g

Mass of oxygen = 23.50 – 22.30 g // 1.20 g1 + 1

(ii) Mg O

1 mol 1 mol 1

(iii) MgO 1

(c) 2Mg + O2 2MgO

Pt 1: correct reactants and productPt 2: balanced equation

11

(d) To let the oxygen in // to prevent loss of white fumes 1

Naaaa

Cla

+ -

1 + 1

10

3 (a) Electrical energy to chemical energy 1

(b) Pure copper 1

(c) Cu2+ , H+ 1

(d) (i) Become thinner // it dissolves // it corrodes // a : size reduces 1

(ii) Cu Cu2+ + 2e

Pt. 1 : Correct formula of reactant and productsPt. 2 : Balanced equation

11

(e) Cu2+ ion discharged to Cu atom at the cathode is replaced by Cu2+ produced when the anode ionises. // The rate of ionization of Cu atom to Cu2+ at the anode is equal to the rate of discharge of Cu2+ to Cu atom at the cathode.a: Concentration of Cu2+ is the same : only 1 mark

1 + 1

(f) Reduction 1

(g) Electroplating of metals // Extraction of metals 1

Total 10

4 Answers Marks

(a) (i) Molecules 1

Dry hydrogen

Pt 1– functionalPt 2– correct labeling

heat

Oxide of metal W // metal oxideOxide of metal W // metal oxide

(ii) Ions 1

(b) (i) Methylbenzene // Tetrachloromethane a: any suitable solvent

1

(i) Water / H2O 1

(c) Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2

Pt 1: Correct formula of reactants and productsPt 2: Balanced equation

1 1

(d) (i) No 1

(ii) No [free] moving ions // Only molecules 1

(e) No of mol HCl = 0.1 x 50 // 0.005 1000No of mol Mg = 0.005 // 0.0025 2Mass Mg = 0.0025 x 24 g // 0.06 g [ unit is compulsory]

1

1

Total 10

7 (a) (i) - Elements present is carbon and hydrogen- Made up of 3 atoms of carbon and 8 atoms of hydrogen

11

(ii) - Empirical formula = C3H8

- Molecular formula = C3H8

11

(iii) Volume – 0.2 X 24 dm3 = 4.8 dm3 11

(b)NaCl CCl4

Melting point High Low

Explanation Forces of attraction between ions is stronger.

Forces of attraction between molecules

NaCl CCl4

Electrical conductivity Conduct electricity in Cannot conduct

1+ 1

1 + 1

aqueous or molten electricity

Explanation Has free moving ions Has molecules

1+1

1 + 1

(c) 1. Carbon atom, electron arrangement 2.4 / 4 valence electrons2. contribute 4 electrons for sharing to achieve the octet electron arrangement.3. Chlorine atom, electron arrangement 2.8.7 / 7 valence electrons4. contribute one electron for sharing5. to achieve the octet electron arrangement.6. four chlorine atoms share electrons with one carbon atom

11

1111

Total 20

8 (a)(i) - Improve strength / hardness

- Improve appearance- Increase resistance to corrosion

111

(ii) Copper

Tin

Note: Copper atoms more than Tin atoms Copper atoms smaller than Tin atoms Correct label

1

1(b) Process P : Contact process

Process Q: Haber process11

1- Sulphur is burnt in air to produce sulphur oxide2- S + O2 SO2

3- Sulphur dioxide and excess oxygen is passed over vanadium(V) oxide at 450 – 550 C / pressure 1 atm to produce sulphur trioxide4- 2SO2 + O2 2SO3

5- Sulphur trioxide is dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid to produce oleum6- SO3 + H2SO4 H2S2O7

7- Oleum is diluted with water to produce sulphuric acid.8- H2S2O7 + H2O 2H2SO4

11

1111

1

1

11 8

(c) Polythene // Polypropene // Polyvinyl chloride // Polystyrene //Perspex // Teflon[ any other correct named synthetic polymer ]

- Recycle / reuse / reduce the polymers- Use biodegradable polymers- No burning of the polymers

[ any 2 correct answers ]

1

11

3

Total 20