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MESIN PERKAKAS FRAIS (MILLING)

Oleh : Ade Sumpena, ST., M.Kom

Jurusan Teknik Mesin Politeknik Negeri Jakarta

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Prinsip Proses pemesinan frais (milling) adalah proses penya-yatan benda kerja menggunakan alat potong, dengan

mata potong jamak yang berputar .

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Gerakan utama mesin Frais (Milling)

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Bentuk-bentuk dasar yang dapat di buat padamesin Frais (Milling)

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Jenis Mesin Frais

1. Mesin Frais Horizontal

Axis of spindle is inhorizontal plane and

parallel to Its table. Generally cutters aremounted on long arbor.

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2. Mesin Frais Vertikal

Position of spindle isvertical or 90 to the

work table.Its suitable for

boring pocket milling profile milling& keyway cutting.

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3. Mesin Frais Universal

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Bagian-bagian utama mesin Frais

Mesin Frais Horizontal Mesin Frais Vertikal

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Typical milling operation

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Metode pemakanan pada mesin Frais

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Klasifikasi proses Frais

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Types of milling cutters

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Pisau jari (End mill cutter)

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Cutter insert

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Carbide insert

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Pemegang alat potong (Tool Holder)

Milling Acessories

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Arbor

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STUB ARBOR

The arbors are holdwith the machine.

The arbors are of threetypes A,B,C as shownin picture.

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TYPES OF ARBORS

Types A is used tomount the shell and

mills and similarcutters.The cutter is tightenedon the arbor using thescrew.

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TYPES OF ARBOR

It is used to mountlarge face millingcutters.

The cutter is held onarbor by fourscrew(b), it has aslot(c),which fits overspindle (d).

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TYPES OF ARBOR

It is a morse taperadaptor arbor used tohold drills, reamers,chucks etc.

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Pemegang benda kerja

a. Plain viseJaws parallel or 90 to axis of spindle

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b. Swivel base vise

Can swivel through 360 in horizontal plane

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c. Universal vise

Can swivel through 360 in horizontal planeand tilted from 0 to 90 in vertical plane

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Rotary table

Rotary table yang dapat di atur

sudutnya

Rotary table untuk mesin fraisvertikal

Meja yang dapat diatur sudutnya

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Rotary table dapat digunakan pada mesin frais horizontal da vertikal

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Milling Set Up

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Work Holding Method * The vice jaws and the workpiece must be free from burrs, chips, and cutting fluid.* Smaller workpiece should be supported by parallel bars to provide the supporting

datum.* Round bar must be placed between the workpiece and the movable jaw to ensure

that the workpiece is in perfect contact with the fix jaw.* The vice handle should be tightened by hand to avoid over clamping of the

workpiece as well as the vice. Hide face hammer should be used to assure that theworkpiece is in perfect contact with the supporting base.* On completion of the milling of the first face, the workpiece should be unloaded,

deburred, and cleaned before the next operation.* To machine the second and the third faces, the workpiece should be clamped with

its preceding machined surface facing against the fix jaw of the vice.

* Similar clamping method can be applied in the machining of the fourth face.* Yet it can also be clamped on the vice without the round bar.* Both ends of the workpiece can be machined with the periphery flutes of the

cutter using up cut milling as shown in figure

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Pemegangan benda kerja tanpa ragum

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Milling Attachment

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VERTICAL MILLING ATTACHMENT

This attachmentmounted on column ofuniversal Milling

machine.Which consistshousing spindle headand bevel drive gears

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Its used for cutting atany angle in vertical

plane to produce key

ways , slots andcorners. Its providereciprocating drive forsingle point cuttingtool.

SLOTTING ATTACHMENT

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RACK MILLING ATTACHMENT

Its mounted between theface of column and outersupport on a plain oruniversal milling machine.

It consists a fixed housingand a spindle.A special rack indexingattachment used to movethe work longitudinallywith accurate spacing ofteeth.

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UNIVERSAL SPIRAL ATTACHMENT

Its used to mill spiralswith a plain millingmachine.

Its useful for cuttinghelical threads , gears ,worms and racks.

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Perhitungan proses pengerjaan pada mesin FraisA. Kecepatan Potong/Cutting Speed (V)

Rumus :

Hal hal yang mempengaruhi Cutting speed adalah :1. Material benda kerja,

2. Material alat potong,3. Pendinginan ( cooling ).

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Tabel Kecepatan Potong

Materials

HSS Carbide

Fine Coarse Fine Coarse

Tool Steel 75 100 25 45 185 230 110 140

Low carbon Steel 70 90 25 40 170 215 90 120

Medium Carbon Steel 60 85 20 40 140 185 75 110

Cast Iron 40 45 25 30 110 140 60 75

Brass 85 110 45 70 185 215 120 150

Alumunium 70 100 30 45 140 215 60 90

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Pemakanan/Asutan (Feeding)

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Dividing Head (Kepala Pembagi)

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Piring Pembagi Tetap

Bagian-bagian dividing head

Ada dua sistemPembagian :1, Pembagian

Langsung2. Pembagian

Tidak Langsung

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Its used to obtaingreater number of

divisions that cannot be obtained bydirect indexing.Its carried out using

40:1 ratio of theworm and wormmechanism.

SIMPLE INDEXING MECHANISM

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Piring Pembagi

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Bentuk-bentuk benda kerja hasil dari dividing headContoh untuk pembagian langsung :

Contoh untuk pembagian tidak langsung :

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Macam-macam roda gigi yang dapat dibuat padamesin Frais dengan bantuan kepala pembagi

HELICAL GEAR

Elements of teeth are

twisted or helical.Used for connecting shaftat an angle in same or

different planes.Smooth acting gearing .

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When the shafts are at90 and two bevelgears are of same size,known as mitergears.

MITRE GEARING

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SPUR GEAR

Teeth element parallel to rotating

shafts are known asspur gear.Used to transmit

power and motionthrough parallelshafts.

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HERRINGBONE GEAR

Its equivalent totwo helicalgears,one having a

right hand andother a left handhelix.

Its used in heavyduty machines likesteel roll mills.

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BEVEL GEAR

When two shafts are insame plane but atanother,bevel gears anangle with one are used.Its a frustum of a conehaving all elements of teeth

intersecting at a point.

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HYPOID GEARS

Modification of a bevel gear where

the shaft are atright angle but theydont intersect asdo the shaft for

bevel gears.

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ANNULAR GEAR

A gear with internalteeth is known asannular gear areused inautomobiles.

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Membuat Roda Gigi Lurus (Spur Gear)

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Rumus Roda Gigi Lurus

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Rumus Roda Gigi Helik (Helical Gear)

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Thank You