Transcript
  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    1/60

    Hadiah & Ganjaran

    The Abel Prize,Scandinavia AwardsdanFields Medal(matematik)

    The Archibald Award, Hugo Awards(pencapaian dalam penulisan sains fiksyen)

    TheBooker Prize(penulisan novel baginegara-negara Komenwel)

    The Pulitzer Prize Winner(pencapaiantahunan dalam bidang kewartawanan, drama

    dan muzik yang diberikan oleh UniversitiColumbia sejak 1917) Polar Music Prize(pencapaian dalam bidang

    muzik) The Longitude Prize (pencapaian dalam bidang

    maritim) The Lasker Medical research Awards

    (pencapaian dalam penyelidikan perubatan) The Orteig Prize (pencapaian dalam bidang

    aeronautic) The Pritzker Prize(pencapaian dalam seni

    bina) The Crafoord Prize(pencapaian dalam

    astronomi, biosains, geosains, matematik) The Catherine Wolfe Bruce Medal

    (pencapaian dalam astronomi) The Wolf Prizes (pencapaian dalam bidang

    umum)

    The Turing Award(pencapaian dalam bidangsains computer)

    The Wollaston Medal(pencapaian dalambidang geologi)

    The Rolf Schock Prizes (logic, falsafah,matematik dan muzik)

    The Gregori Aminoff Prize(crystallography) The Templeton Prize(pencapaian dalam

    bidang agama) The Schock Prize (pencapaian dalam bidang

    logic, falsafah, matematik, lukisan dan senimuzik)

    The Millennium Technology Prize (pencapaiandalam bidang teknologi)

    The Right Livelihood Awards (hadiah Nobelalternatif dalam enam bidang)

    The Astrid Lindgren memorial Award(pencapaian dalam kesusteraan remaja dankanak-kanak)

    Malcolm Baldrige Award(pencapaian kualitidalam organisasi)

    Innovative Pionner Award(inovasi dan rekacipta)

    The ASEAN Scince and Technology Awards(pencapaian sains dan teknologi)

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    2/60

    Kreativiti Saintifik

    memerihalkan tentang penemuan, rekacipta dan inovasi yang diperolehi olehindividu @ kelompok individu dalam

    R&Dnya. KS berkait rapat denganbagaimana proses LOGIK, Genius(kepintaran), Peluang (chance), model

    mental (imaginasi, serendipity etc) danZeitgeist (persekitaran) merangsang,

    mendorong saintis dalam menjalankanpenyelidikanDean Keith Simonton (2004)

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    3/60

    Scientific creativity tends to be

    fostered by philosophical systemsthat stress empiricalism,materialism, individualism and

    determinism

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    4/60

    Alfred Bernhard Nobel

    (1833 1896)sekiranya saya mendapat seribu idea setahun danhanya satu yang berhasil saya telah berpuahati

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    5/60

    Biografi ringkas

    Lahir pada 21 Oktober 1833, Stockholm, sweden Bapa seorang jurutera

    Dibesarkan di Sweden dan Rusia

    Meminati bidang kimia, fizik dan kesusasteraan

    Memiliki 90 kilang di 20 buah negara Menandatangani wasiat pada 27 November 1895

    Memperoleh 355 paten

    Meninggal dunia pada 10 Disember 1896

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    6/60

    Hadiah Nobel:Sepintas Lalu

    6000 penyertaan setiap tahun; 400disenaraipendek

    Borang pencalonan mesti dihantar sebelum 31Januari

    Februari Oktober penilaian dibuat olehjawatankuasa Pemenang akan diraikan sebelum dan selepas

    hari penyampaian hadiah 10 Disember hari penyampaian pingat, diploma

    dan ucap utama di Sweden dan Norway diStockholm Concert Hall

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    7/60

    Fakta Hadiah Nobel Bermula pada 1901 (103 tahun)

    Hadiah disampaikan pada 10 Disember setiap tahun

    735 pemenang individu & organisasi

    Hadiah bernilai USD1 juta (RM3.8 juta)

    Pemenang berumur purata 40-an (termuda 25 & tertua87)

    Ada pemenang yang menolak hadiah nobel atas pelbagaifaktor

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    8/60

    6 Kategori Hadiah Nobel

    Fizik

    Kimia

    Perubatan & Fisiologi (Institut Karolinska) Kesusasteraan (Swedish Academy)

    Keamanan (Jawatankuasa Parlimen Norway)

    Ekonomi (Swedish National Bank)

    The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    9/60

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    10/60

    When the Nobel Prize is awarded, noshortlistof top candidates is ever announced. The

    decision is final. Glaring mistakes or omissionshave been made, but no award is everreversed or altered, even disputes inside thecommittees occasionally erupt into public

    sight

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    11/60

    But new or old, the Nobel Prize stilloutrages them all. It was the first

    important regular prize to include notonly the arts and sciences but politicsin the form of peace. It was

    internationalprize(Feldman, 2000)

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    12/60

    A Laureate is a personhonored forhigh

    achievementin aparticularfield. A nobel laureate issomeone who awarded the

    Nobel Prize.

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    13/60

    Isotop, sebatian akrilik, hormon seks, vitamin C, vitamin B,

    penghabluran enzim, sintesis amonia, teknologi polimer tinggi,kimia makromolekul, DNA, RNA, fuleren, molekul hidrokarbon,

    NMR, sinar X, radioaktif spontan, optik jitu, spektoskopisinar X, teori kuantum, teori relativiti, neutron, sinaran

    kosmik, positron, magnet proton, fizik tekanan tinggi, kebuk

    awan wilson, teori meson, struktur spektrum hidrogen,semikonduktor, kesan transistor, antiproton, elektrodinamikkuantum, fizik zarah asas, pengembangan holografi, meson

    psi, fizik suhu rendah, zarah kuasi, zarah w dan z, kesan Hallterkuantum, tau lepton, neutrino, penyerakan neutron, proton

    sel dan asid nukleik, gerakbalas alergi, imunisasi,elektrokardiograf, vitamin K, penisilin, kitar krebs,metabolisme gula, vaksin demam kuning, kromosom danketurunan, perkembangan embrio, kod genetik, persepsi

    tampak dll.

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    14/60

    there can be no creativity if a

    product is not strongly rooted in thepast, because in order for audience toeven understand the product, we must

    have some frame of reference, and this

    can only be supplied by the past.Without some sort of reference to the

    past, there would be no coherence: Theproduct would make no sense to us.

    Bailin (1984)

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    15/60

    Nobel laureates are people who have doneextraordinary things. They are noted for theirdiscoveries, inventions and improvements to theexisting way of life. This requires CREATIVITY.

    CREATIVITY helps in extraordinary efforts bylooking for new ways of doing things. It improvesthe present way of doing things

    Ulf Larsson (2004)

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    16/60

    H Kreativiti

    (proses kreativiti)

    P Kreativiti

    Boden (1998)

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    17/60

    Sublime creativity

    Specific Creativity

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    18/60

    creativity denotes a persons

    capacity to produce new or originalideas, insights, inventions orartistic products which are

    accepted by experts as being ofscientific, aesthetic, social or

    technical value

    Vernon (1989)

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    19/60

    Nobel prize winners are proudly andgreedily claimed by their nations,

    universities, hometowns, political causes,professional organizations and any

    interested parties(Lee, 2002)

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    20/60

    Hadiah Nobel &

    Kecemerlangan Universiti Universiti Chicago, US(77 pemenang)

    Universiti Columbia, US(71 pemenang)

    MIT, US (56 pemenang) Universiti Harvard, US

    (40 pemenang) Kolej Trinity, US (31

    pemenang)

    Universiti John Hopkins,US (30 pemenang) Universiti Caltech, US

    (28 pemenang)

    Universiti Cambridge, UK(80 pemenang)

    Universiti Manchester,UK (21 pemenang)

    Kolej Imperial, UK (4pemenang) Universiti Oxford, UK (24

    pemenang)

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    21/60

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    22/60

    Elemen Universiti Bertaraf Dunia

    1. Kualiti program yang ditawarkan2. Bilangan dan kualiti ahli akademik

    3. Sarjana tersohor dalam sesuatu disiplin.

    4. Kualiti pelajar yang diterima masuk.

    5. Kemudahan P&P.

    6. Jumlah paten yang diperolehi daripada inovasi.

    7. Dana bagi R&D.

    8. Pusat kecemerlangan yang berasaskan R&D (Centre ofexcellence)

    9. Dana dan peranan alumni.

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    23/60

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    24/60

    School claims any piece of a laureate theycan. If the laureate studied there, studiedthere, taught there, did some researchthere, or somehow affiliated, plaques orbronze scroll or even oil portraits are aptschools reputation can rise or fall

    thereby.(Feldman, 2000)

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    25/60

    Universiti Eropah & Asia

    Universiti Utrecht,Jerman (12 pemenang)

    Universiti Sorbonne,Perancis (7 pemenang)

    Universiti Zurich,Switzerland (3 pemenang) Universiti Leiden, Belanda

    (3 pemenang) Universiti Helsinki,

    Findland (1 pemenang) Universiti Nagoya, Jepun(1 pemenang)

    Universiti Vienna, Austria(2 pemenang)

    Universiti Culcutta, India Universiti Moscow, Rusia

    (2 pemenang) Universiti Kebangsaan

    Australia (1 pemenang) Universiti Rom, Itali(1

    pemenang)

    Universiti Madrid,Sepanyol(1 pemenang)

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    26/60

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    27/60

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    28/60

    Onething is certain: The creative age is a wide opengame. No single country or region had a lock on it.While many assume that the United states has anunbeatable edge, its position is more tenous thancommonly thought. The U.S certainly has many assetswith which to compete. Over the past century and a

    half, it built the most powerful and dynamic economyin the world, and it did so largely by building creativestrength: by eagerly fostering the birth of newindustries, by maintaining a free and open society, by

    making massive investments in creativity (such as inhigher education, scientific research and culture) andmost of all, by drawing waves of enegetic, intelligentpeople from all over theworld(Florida, 2004)

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    29/60

    Hadiah Nobel &

    Kecemerlangan Negara Amerika Syarikat (270pemenang)

    United kingdom (100pemenang)

    Jerman (77 pemenang) Perancis (49 pemenang) Switzerland (15

    pemenang) Sweden (17 pemenang) Rusia (12 pemenang)

    Belanda (13 pemenang) Denmark (9 pemenang) Itali (14 pemenang) Kanada (10 pemenang)

    Jepun (9 pemenang) Belgium (5 pemenang) Norway (3 pemenang) Argentina (2 pemenang)

    India (3 pemenang) China (2 pemenang) Afrika Selatan (2

    pemenang) Taiwan (1 pemenang) Burma (1 pemenang) Tibet (1 pemenang) Austria Sepanyol Vietnam

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    30/60

    Amerika Syarikat dan negara-negara Eropahmendahului negara-negara lain. Laporan TheSutton Trustmenyatakan sejak 1970 rakyatAmerika Syarikat memenangai 48% daripada

    keseluruhan penerima hadiah Nobel. Ini diikutioleh Britain (14%), Jerman (12%), Negara-negara Eropah Eropah seperti Switzerland,Itali, Austria, Hungary, Sepanyol, Norway,

    Belgium, Belanda, Sweden (22%), Jepun (1%),

    negara-negara lain seperti Vietnam, Burma,India, Tibet, China, Taiwan, Kanada, Afrika

    Selatan dan sebagainya (2%).

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    31/60

    Faktor-faktor

    PenyuburanKreativiti Saintifik

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    32/60

    KepintaranPengetahuan

    Pembolehubah Kemahiran teknikalKognitif Domain khusus

    Faktor politik-agama

    Pembolehubah Faktor budayaPersekitaran Faktor sosioekonomi

    Faktor pendidikan

    Motivasi dalaman

    Pembolehubah KeyakinanPersonaliti Non-conformitySifat-sifat kreatif

    H.J Eysenck (1970)

    Pencapaian

    KREATIVITITINGGI

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    33/60

    Motivasi

    Studies of personalities of highly creativepeople have described them as being

    totally absorbed in and devoted to their

    work and people who doing what theyloved were more creative in their

    pursuits.

    Collins dan Amabile (1999)

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    34/60

    Masa

    As in any field, one has to be creative.You dont solve problem unless you spend alot of time on it. Nothing comes easily, and

    creators in the sciences and mathematicsdomains work very hard and have will tosucceed

    (Piirto, 2004)

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    35/60

    Kepintaran Kognitif

    memiliki memori yang baik dalam matematikdan sains

    memiliki kebolehan menyelesaikan masalah dan

    kadang-kadang memiliki kebolehan intuitifuntuk memperoleh penyelesaian mempunyai kemampuan untuk menganalisis

    proses taakulan sains kebolehan mencipta masalah dan

    menyelesaikannya

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    36/60

    is that highly intelligentpeople are more likely to be

    creative than are people withlower intelligence.

    Nickerson & Perkins (1999)

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    37/60

    Intelligence determines the upper limits of apersonsability to obtain and store information withoutactually being itself part of creativity. The degree ofcreativity depends upon the amount of noveltycreated in the processing of the information madeavailable byintelligence. Cropley (2003)

    At some point in their lives, each of theseindividuals discovered the most important key to

    creativity. They actively used their imaginations togo beyond theirknowledge.Gamez (2000)

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    38/60

    Persekitaran Kreatif

    Tokyo Vienna Paris Cambridge

    Berkeley Chicago CERN, Swiss Pasteur Institute Basel Institute of Immunology Budapest Makmal Bell

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    39/60

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    40/60

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    41/60

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    42/60

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    43/60

    The right milieu is important in more ways thanone. It can affect the production of novelty as

    well as its acceptance; therefore, it is notsurprising that creative individuals tend to

    gravitate toward centres of vital activity, wheretheir work has the chance of succeeding.

    Csikszentmihalyi (1996)

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    44/60

    Mentor-Mentee

    Th R l f Ch i

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    45/60

    The Role of Chance inDiscovery

    insights of genius

    the faculty of making fortunate discoveries byaccident.

    Creative scientists are not passive recipientsof the unexpected, but actively create theconditions for discovering the unexpected andhave a robust mental toolkit that makesdiscovery possible

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    46/60

    Domain Spesifik

    Kebolehansintetik

    Kebolehanpraktikal

    Kebolehananalitikal

    3

    2

    1

    Komponen Sternberg (1990)

    1. Hasil kerja & domainpengetahuan khusus2. Penemuan baru3. Pengiktirafan sosial

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    47/60

    Motivasi

    kepakaran

    Kemahiran

    kreativiti

    Amabile (1999)

    PERSEKITARAN

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    48/60

    Umur & Produktivitiproduktiviti saintifik seseorang saintis akanbermula pada awal usia 20-an dan akan semakinperlahan pada usia awal 40-an. Ahli Botanidan pakar wabak sangat produktif pada usiaawal 30-an. Ahli bacteria, fisiologi, patologidan saintis perubatan am sangat produktif pada

    usia lewat 30-an. Ahli kimia pula berada padatahap kemuncaknya pada lewat 20-an. Alimatematik dan fizik berada pada tahapkemuncak pada usia awal 30-an. Manakala ahligeologi dan ahli astronomi sangat produktifpada usia lewat 30-an. Menurut kajian yangdijalankan oleh Simonton menunjukkan saintisyang produktif pada awal usia 20-an akanterus menghasilkan penemuan saintifik. Merekajuga sangat aktif menerbitkan artikel,menghasilkan buku, monograf dan kertas

    saintifik.

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    49/60

    Mentor

    One of the most common featuresabout the research careers of Nobel

    laureates is that many have worked atsome point under former of future Nobel

    laureate or with someone closelyassociated with laureate

    Hargitaii (2002)

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    50/60

    FIZIK

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    51/60

    KIMIA

    PERUBATAN & FISIOLOGI

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    52/60

    PERUBATAN & FISIOLOGI

    E E

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    53/60

    KESUSASTERAAN

    E

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    54/60

    KEAMANAN

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    55/60

    EKONOMI

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    56/60

    Sarjana Islam

    Algorism

    Avicenna

    Geber Alkindus

    Thebit

    Albategnius

    Alhazen

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    57/60

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    58/60

    Ibnu Sina

    10 tahun hafal Quran 16 belajar perubtan 18 doktor istana Suka menggembara

    kerana ilmu Meninggal dunia 57 tahun Karya-karya meliputi;

    Logik Kesusteraan

    Matematik Astronomi muzik

    Menulis 50 halamansehari

    Hasilkan 456buku/risalah(7 buku setahun)

    Karya agungnya adalah;canon of medicine(14 jilid)

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    59/60

    I challenge the Malaysian ScientificCommunity to produce a Nobel

    Laureates by the year 2020

    Mahathir Mohamad (2 Disember 98)

    Hadiah Nobel & Cabaran

  • 7/29/2019 Kreativiti Saintifik

    60/60

    Hadiah Nobel & CabaranSaintis Malaysia

    Saya berpendapat kita masih belum mempunyaipersekitaran dan budaya ilmu yang mantap,termasuklah IPT dan pusat penyelidikan tempatan.Aktiviti penyelidikan, penerokaan dan

    penjelajahan ilmu secara naluri bukan satufenomena lumarah di Malaysia. Kita berbuatdemikian, barangkali lebih banyak didorong (ataulebih tepat lagi dipaksa) oleh faktor kewangan,status sosial, pangkat dan sebagainya (Zaini,

    2004)


Top Related