DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN

ABSTRAK

ABSTRACT

KATA PENGANTAR

UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................ i

BAB I PENDAHULUAN........................................................................................... 1

A. Latar Belakang ............................................................................................ 1

B. Masalah Penelitian ........................................................................................ 12

C. Tujuan Penelitian .......................................................................................... 13

D. Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................................ 14

E. Penjelasan Istilah .......................................................................................... 15

1. Pergeseran Nilai Masyarakat ..................................................................... 15

2. Konflik Etnik di Maluku Utara ................................................................. 17

3. Integrasi Nasional ...................................................................................... 18

BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA ..................................................................................... 24

A. Konsep Nilai ................................................................................................... 24

1. Pengertian Nilai .......................................................................................... 24

2. Klasifikasi Nilai .......................................................................................... 30

3. Macam-macam Nilai .................................................................................. 32

4. Hierarkhi Nilai ............................................................................................ 35

5. Makna Nilai Bagi Manusia ........................................................................ 38

6. Nilai Sebagai Perwujudan Diri ................................................................... 41

7. Cara Memperoleh Nilai .............................................................................. 43

8. Nilai diantara Kualitas Primer dan Kualitas Sekunder ............................... 44

B. Pergeseran Nilai ............................................................................................ 46

1. Perubahan Nilai dan Arah Perubahan Nilai ............................................... 46

2. Faktor-faktor Pendorong Proses Perubahan Masyarakat ........................... 47

3. Pewarisan Nilai Budaya ............................................................................. 53

4. Proses Pewarisan Nilai Budaya .................................................................. 54

5. Tempat Pewarisan Nilai Budaya ................................................................ 56

7. Pergeseran Nilai Budaya, Agama, dan Etika ............................................. 61

C. Memahami Konflik Antaraetnik ................................................................. 64

1. Mitos Tentang Konflik ............................................................................. 64

a. Pengertian Konflik ................................................................................. 67

b. Bentuk Konflik ...................................................................................... 70

c. Fungsi Konflik ....................................................................................... 72

d. Konteks dan Sumber Konflik ................................................................ 76

2. Konsep Etnik ............................................................................................ 83

a. Definisi Etnik ......................................................................................... 83

b. Beberapa Konsep Sekitar Etnik ............................................................. 87

c. Etnisitas dan Hubungan Etnis ................................................................ 91

d. Etnisitas dan Potensinya Terhadap Disintegrasi sosial ......................... 96

e. Pengertian Konflik Antaretnik ............................................................... 98

f. Tahap-tahap Konflik Antaretnik ............................................................ 101

D. Perubahan Sosial ........................................................................................... 108

1. Pengertian Perubahan Sosial ...................................................................... 109

2. Teori Perubahan Sosial ............................................................................... 113

3. Ciri Perubahan Sosial ................................................................................. 118

4. Faktor-faktor yang Menyebabkan Perubahan Sosial ................................. 120

5. Beberapa Bentuk Perubahan Sosial ............................................................ 123

E. Integrasi Sosial dan Integrasi Nasional ....................................................... 127

1. Pengertian Integrasi Sosial ........................................................................ 127

2. Bentuk-bentuk Integrasi Sosial .................................................................. 129

3. Faktor-faktor Pendorong Integrasi Sosial .................................................. 131

4. Faktor-faktor Penghambat Integrasi Sosial ............................................... 135

5. Pengertian Integrasi Nasional ..................................................................... 137

6. Faktor Pendorong dan Penghambat Integrasi Nasional ............................. 143

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ...................... .................................................. 150

A. Pendekatan dan Metode Penelitian ........................................................ 150

B. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ..................................................................... 153

1. Observasi Partisipatif ............................................................................. 153

2. Wawancara Mendalam .......................................................................... 154

3. Studi Dokumentasi ................................................................................ 154

4. Snowboll Sampling ............................................................................... 155

C. Lokasi dan Subjek Penelitian .................................................................. 156

D. Analisis Data Penelitian ........................................................................... 157

1. Analisis Sebelum di Lapangan .............................................................. 158

2. Analisis Selama di Lapangan ................................................................ 159

a. Penyajian Data .................................................................................. 161

b. Reduksi Data ..................................................................................... 161

c. Penarikan Kesimpulan / Verifikasi ................................................... 162

E. Konstruksi Data ........................................................................................ 162

1. Deskripsi ................................................................................................ 162

2. Verifikasi ............................................................................................... 163

3. Validasi Data ......................................................................................... 163

F. Prosedur Penelitian .................................................................................. 165

BAB IV DESKRIPSI DATA DAN PEMBAHASAN HASIL PENELIT IAN..... 167

A. Gambaran Umum Lokasi Penelitian ...................................................... 167

1. Letak Geografis ..................................................................................... 167

2. Iklim dan Topografi ............................................................................... 170

3. Jumlah Penduduk ................................................................................... 171

4. Kepadatan Penduduk .............................................................................. 172

5. Tenaga Kerja dan Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja (TPAK) ........... 173

6. Pendidikan ............................................................................................. 174

7. Struktur Ekonomi dan Pendapatan Regional ......................................... 177

8. Lembaga Budaya (Adat) ........................................................................ 178

9. Lembaga Agama .................................................................................... 180

B. Deskripsi Hasil Penelitian ........................................................................ 180

1. Kondisi Masyarakat Sebelum Konflik Etnik

di Maluku Utara ..................................................................................... 180

2. Kondisi Masyarakat Pasca Konflik ...................................................... 184

3. Pergeseran Nilai dan Implikasinya

pada Integrasi Sosial dan Nasional ........................................................ 187

4. Upaya yang Ditempuh dalam Mengatasi Pergeseran Nilai

dan Menyatukan Masyarakat ............................................................... 190

C. Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian .................................................................. 193

1. Nilai-nilai Budaya Masyarakat Sebelum Konflik ................................. 193

2. Nilai-nilai Kehidupan (Budaya) Masyarakat Pasca Konflik ................ 202

3. Pergeseran Nilai Masyarakat dan Implikasinya pada

Integrasi Sosial dan Integrasi Nasional ................................................. 211

4. Upaya-upaya yang Ditempuh dalam Mengatasi Pergeseran

Nilai dan Menyatukan Masyarakat Ternate, sehingga tidak

Mengakibatkan Terjadinya Disintegrasi Bangsa .................................. 222

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN REKOMENDASI ............... ..................................... 231

A. Kesimpulan .................................................................................................... 231

1. Kesimpulan Umum .................................................................................... 231

2. Kesimpulan Khusus .................................................................................... 232

B. Rekomendasi .................................................................................................. 234

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ……………………………………………………………………

236

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