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Diterbitkan dan dicetak oleh / Published and printed by: Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia

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ISSN 2600-7770

Statistik Pemerkasaan Wanita Dalam Domain Terpilih, Malaysia, 2017 merupakan

penerbitan tahunan yang memaparkan statistik gender Malaysia bagi tahun 2014

hingga 2016. Statistik ini memberi fokus kepada set teras indikator gender yang

merangkumi lapan domain utama iaitu struktur ekonomi, penyertaan dalam aktiviti

produktif & akses kepada sumber; pendidikan; kesihatan & perkhidmatan berkaitan;

kehidupan awam & pembuat keputusan; hak asasi wanita & kanak-kanak perempuan;

perlindungan sosial; pengurangan risiko bencana; dan keamanan & keselamatan.

Penyusunan statistik ini adalah berdasarkan konsep dan garis panduan daripada,

Gender Statistics Manual; Integrating a Gender Perspective into Statistics yang

diterbitkan oleh United Nations Statistics Division (2017), Assessing Progress in

Implementation of The Asian and Pacific Ministerial Declaration on Advancing Gender

Equality and Women’s Empowerment yang diterbitkan oleh Economic and Social

Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) dan The Global Gender Gap Report 2016

yang diterbitkan oleh World Economic Forum (2016).

Statistik gender adalah maklumat penting yang digunakan dalam pembentukan,

pelaksanaan dan pemantauan dasar di peringkat nasional dan antarabangsa.

Penerbitan ini menjadi sumber rujukan berguna kepada semua pihak sama ada bagi

tujuan penyelidikan, perancangan, penggubalan dan pelaksanaan dasar.

Bahagian pertama penerbitan ini membentangkan ringkasan penemuan. Bahagian

kedua pula memuatkan jadual terperinci peringkat nasional dan negeri bagi membantu

pengguna membuat analisis. Ini diikuti oleh bahagian ketiga yang mengandungi nota

teknikal untuk menerangkan konsep dan definisi bagi membantu pengguna memahami

statistik yang diterbitkan.

Jabatan merakamkan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan kepada semua pihak yang telah

menyumbang dalam penyediaan penerbitan ini. Setiap maklum balas dan cadangan

daripada semua pihak untuk penambahbaikan penerbitan ini pada masa akan datang

amat dihargai.

DATO’ SRI DR. MOHD UZIR MAHIDIN

Ketua Perangkawan Malaysia

Disember 2017

KATA PENGANTAR

iii

D:/publication 2017/Publication.pub

iv

The Statistics On Women Empowerment In Selected Domains, Malaysia, 2017 is an annual

publication which presents gender statistics in Malaysia for the year 2014 to 2016. These

statistics focuses on the core set of gender indicators which covers eight main domains

which are economic structures, participation in productive activities & access to

resources; education; health & related services; public life & decision making; human

rights of women & girl children; social protection; disaster risk reduction; and peace &

security.

The compilation of these statistics is based on the concepts and guide lines from, Gender

Statistics Manual; Integrating a Gender Perspective into Statistics published by United

Nations Statistics Division (2017), Assessing Progress in Implementation of The Asian and

Pacific Ministerial Declaration on Advancing Gender Equality and Women’s

Empowerment published by Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

(ESCAP) and The Global Gender Gap Report 2016 published by the World Economic

Forum (2016).

Gender statistics are pertinent information used in the formulation, implementation and

monitoring of policies at national and international levels. This publication is a useful

source of reference for all parties whether for the purposes of research, planning,

formulation and implementation.

The first part of this publication focused on the summary of findings. The second part

presented detailed tables at the national and state levels to facilitate the analysis by

users. This is followed by the third part which consists of the technical notes explaining the

concepts and definition to assist users in understanding the published statistics.

The Department gratefully acknowledges the cooperation rendered by all parties who

have contributed to the preparation of this publication. Every feedback and suggestion

from all parties towards improving the future publication is highly appreciated.

DATO’ SRI DR. MOHD UZIR MAHIDIN

Chief Statistician, Malaysia

December 2017

PREFACE


v

Muka

surat Page

KATA PENGANTAR PREFACE

iii

SENARAI JADUAL LIST OF TABLES

vii

INFOGRAFIK INFOGRAPHIC

1

RINGKASAN PENEMUAN SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

3

DASAR WANITA NEGARA: PENCAPAIAN INDIKATOR TERPILIH NATIONAL POLICY ON WOMEN: ACHIEVEMENT BY SELECTED INDICATOR

15

GENDER DAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS) GENDER AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS)

19

JADUAL TABLES

STRUKTUR EKONOMI, PENYERTAAN DALAM AKTIVITI PRODUKTIF

DAN AKSES KEPADA SUMBER ECONOMIC STRUCTURES, PARTICIPATION IN PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES AND

ACCESS TO RESOURCES

21

PENDIDIKAN EDUCATION

47

KESIHATAN & PERKHIDMATAN BERKAITAN HEALTH & RELATED SERVICES

67

KEHIDUPAN AWAM DAN PEMBUAT KEPUTUSAN PUBLIC LIFE AND DECISION MAKING

81

HAK ASASI WANITA DAN KANAK-KANAK PEREMPUAN HUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN AND GIRL CHILDREN

89

PERLINDUNGAN SOSIAL (FOKUS KHAS : PENUAAN PENDUDUK) SOCIAL PROTECTION (SPECIAL FOCUS : POPULATION AGEING)

93

PENGURANGAN RISIKO BENCANA DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

95

KEAMANAN DAN KESELAMATAN PEACE AND SECURITY

97

NOTA TEKNIKAL TECHNICAL NOTES

99

LAMPIRAN APPENDICES

133

KANDUNGAN CONTENTS


SENARAI JADUAL

LIST OF TABLES

vii

SENARAI JADUAL

LIST OF TABLES

Muka

surat Page

1.0 STRUKTUR EKONOMI, PENYERTAAN DALAM AKTIVITI PRODUKTIF

DAN AKSES KEPADA SUMBER ECONOMIC STRUCTURES, PARTICIPATION IN PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES

AND ACCESS TO RESOURCES

Jadual 1.1:

Table 1.1:

Pekali Gini mengikut negeri dan strata, Malaysia, 2012,

2014 dan 2016 Gini Coefficient by state and strata, Malaysia, 2012, 2014 and

2016

21

Jadual 1.2:

Table 1.2:

Penduduk bekerja mengikut negeri, jantina dan

kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 2014r , 2015 dan 2016 Employed persons by state, sex and age group, Malaysia,

2014r, 2015 and 2016

22

Jadual 1.3:

Table 1.3:

Insiden kemiskinan mengikut jantina ketua isi rumah,

Malaysia, 2012, 2014 dan 2016 Incidence of poverty by sex of head of household, Malaysia,

2012, 2014 and 2016

25

Jadual 1.4:

Table 1.4:

Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh (KPTB) mengikut negeri,

jantina dan kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 2014r, 2015 dan

2016 Labour force participation rate (LFPR) by state, sex and age

group, Malaysia, 2014r, 2015 and 2016

26

Jadual 1.5:

Table 1.5:

Penduduk bekerja mengikut taraf pekerjaan dan

jantina, Malaysia, 2014r, 2015 dan 2016 Employed persons by status in employment and sex, Malaysia,

2014r, 2015 and 2016

29

Jadual 1.6:

Table 1.6:

Penduduk bekerja mengikut industri dan jantina,

Malaysia, 2014r, 2015 dan 2016 Employed persons by industry and sex, Malaysia, 2014r, 2015

and 2016

30

Jadual 1.7:

Table 1.7:

Penduduk bekerja sendiri mengikut negeri dan jantina,

Malaysia, 2014–2016 Employed persons as own account workers by state and sex,

Malaysia, 2014–2016

32

Jadual 1.8:

Table 1.8:

Penduduk bekerja sebagai majikan mengikut negeri

dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Employed persons as employer by state and sex, Malaysia,

2014–2016

33


viii

Jadual 1.9:

Table 1.9:

Penduduk bekerja di sektor pertanian mengikut negeri

dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Employed persons in agriculture sector by state and sex,


34

Jadual 1.10:

Table 1.10:

Penduduk bekerja di sektor perkhidmatan mengikut

negeri dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Employed persons in services sector by state and sex,


35

Jadual 1.11:

Table 1.11:

Pendapatan isi rumah kasar bulanan penengah

mengikut negeri dan jantina ketua isi rumah, Malaysia,

2014 dan 2016 Median monthly household gross income by state and sex of

head of household, Malaysia, 2014 and 2016

36

Jadual 1.12:

Table 1.12:

Penduduk bekerja sebagai pengurus mengikut negeri

dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Employed persons as managers by state and sex, Malaysia,

2014–2016

37

Jadual 1.13:

Table 1.13:

Penduduk bekerja sebagai profesional dan pekerja

teknikal mengikut negeri dan jantina, Malaysia,

2014–2016 Employed persons as professionals and technical workers by

state and sex, Malaysia, 2014–2016

38

Jadual 1.14:

Table 1.14:

Kadar pengangguran mengikut kumpulan umur dan

jantina, Malaysia, 2014r, 2015 dan 2016 Unemployment rate by age group and sex, Malaysia, 2014r,

2015 and 2016

39

Jadual 1.15:

Table 1.15:

Purata gaji dan upah bulanan pekerja mengikut

pekerjaan dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Mean monthly salaries and wages of employees by

occupation and sex, Malaysia, 2014–2016

40

Jadual 1.16:

Table 1.16:

Peratus pengguna internet mengikut kumpulan umur

dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Percentage of internet users by age group and sex, Malaysia,

2014–2016

41

Jadual 1.17:

Table 1.17:

Peratus pengguna telefon bimbit mengikut kumpulan

umur dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Percentage of mobile phone users by age group and sex,


42

ix

Jadual 1.18:

Table 1.18:

Peratus ketua isi rumah mengikut peralatan yang

dimiliki, Malaysia, 2012, 2014 dan 2016 Percentage of head of household by item owned, Malaysia,

2012, 2014 and 2016

43

Jadual 1.19: Table 1.19:

Nisbah tanggungan, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Dependency ratio, Malaysia, 2014–2016

44

Jadual 1.20:

Table 1.20:

Bilangan kanak-kanak di bawah taska berdaftar

Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat mengikut negeri dan

kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Number of children with registered child care centre

Department of Social Welfare by state and age group,


45

2.0 PENDIDIKAN EDUCATION

Jadual 2.1:

Table 2.1:

Kadar literasi mengikut negeri, jantina dan kumpulan

umur , Malaysia, 2014–2016 Literacy rate by state, sex and age group, Malaysia,

2014–2016

47

Jadual 2.2:

Table 2.2:

Bilangan enrolmen peringkat rendah dan menengah di

sekolah kerajaan & bantuan kerajaan mengikut negeri

dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Number of enrolment at primary and secondary level in

government & government-aided schools by state and sex,


48

Jadual 2.3:

Table 2.3:

Bilangan enrolmen peringkat tertiari mengikut negeri

dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Number of enrolment at tertiary level by state and sex,


49


Indeks pariti gender, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Gender parity index, Malaysia, 2014–2016

50

Jadual 2.5:

Table 2.5:

Bilangan enrolmen mengikut bidang pengajian di

institusi pendidikan tinggi dan jantina, Malaysia,

2014–2016 Number of enrolment by field of study at higher education

institution and sex, Malaysia, 2014–2016

51

Jadual 2.6:

Table 2.6:

Bilangan staf akademik dan pelajar di institusi

pendidikan tinggi mengikut jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Number of academic staff and students in higher education

institutions by sex, Malaysia, 2014–2016

53

x

Jadual 2.7:

Table 2.7:

Kadar enrolmen kasar peringkat rendah mengikut

negeri dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Gross enrolment rate at primary level by state and sex,


54

Jadual 2.8:

Table 2.8:

Kadar enrolmen kasar peringkat menengah mengikut

negeri dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Gross enrolment rate at secondary level by state and sex,


55

Jadual 2.9:

Table 2.9:

Kadar enrolmen kasar peringkat tertiari mengikut negeri

dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Gross enrolment rate at tertiary level by state and sex,


56

Jadual 2.10:

Table 2.10:

Kadar pengambilan kasar peringkat rendah mengikut

negeri dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Gross intake rate at primary level by state and sex, Malaysia,

2014–2016

57

Jadual 2.11:

Table 2.11:

Kadar pengambilan kasar peringkat menengah

mengikut negeri dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Gross intake rate at secondary level by state and sex,


58

Jadual 2.12:

Table 2.12:

Kadar pengambilan kasar peringkat tertiari mengikut

negeri dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Gross intake rate at tertiary level by state and sex, Malaysia,

2014–2016

59

Jadual 2.13:

Table 2.13:

Kadar enrolmen kasar peringkat prasekolah mengikut

negeri dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Gross enrolment rate at pre-school level by state and sex,


60

Jadual 2.14:

Table 2.14:

Bilangan graduan wanita diperingkat tertiari dalam

bidang sains, jurutera, pembuatan dan pembinaan

mengikut negeri dan kumpulan umur, Malaysia,

2014–2016 Number of female graduates at tertiary level from science,

engineering, manufacturing and construction, by state and

age group, Malaysia, 2014–2016

61

Jadual 2.15:

Table 2.15:

Bilangan staf akademik di Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi

mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Number of academic staff in the Higher Education Institute by

state, Malaysia, 2014–2016

62

xi

Jadual 2.16:

Table 2.16:

Kadar peralihan dan kadar tamat pendidikan di

sekolah kerajaan dan bantuan kerajaan, Malaysia,

2014–2016 Transition rate and education completion rate in government

and government–aided schools, Malaysia, 2014–2016

63

Jadual 2.17:

Table 2.17:

Penduduk bekerja mengikut pencapaian pendidikan

dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Employed persons by educational attainment and sex,


64


Statistik perbelanjaan pendidikan, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Statistics on educational expenditure, Malaysia, 2014–2016

65

3.0 KESIHATAN & PERKHIDMATAN BERKAITAN HEALTH & RELATED SERVICES

Jadual 3.1:

Table 3.1:

Kadar kematian kurang daripada 5 tahun mengikut

negeri dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Under-5 mortality rate by state and sex, Malaysia, 2014–2016

67

Jadual 3.2:

Table 3.2:

Nisbah mortaliti ibu bersalin mengikut negeri, Malaysia,

2014–2016 Maternal mortality ratio by state, Malaysia, 2014–2016

68


Statistik kesihatan ibu bersalin, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Statistics on maternal health, Malaysia, 2014–2016

69

Jadual 3.4:

Table 3.4:

Statistik individu yang menghidapi AIDS dan HIV

mengikut negeri dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Statistics on individuals with AIDS and HIV by state and sex,


70

Jadual 3.5:

Table 3.5:

Statistik individu yang mempunyai akses kepada ubat

anti-retroviral mengikut jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Statistics on individuals who have access to anti-retroviral

drugs by sex, Malaysia, 2014–2016

71

Jadual 3.6:

Table 3.6:

Jangkaan hayat mengikut umur dan jantina, Malaysia,

2014, 2015 dan 2016P Life expectancy by age and sex, Malaysia, 2014, 2015 and

2016P

72

Jadual 3.7:

Table 3.7:

Statistik akaun kesihatan kebangsaan, Malaysia,

2013–2015

Statistics on national health account, Malaysia, 2013–2015

73

xii

Jadual 3.8:

Table 3.8:

Kelaziman merokok mengikut negeri dan jantina,

Malaysia, 2014 dan 2015 Smoking prevalence by state and sex, Malaysia, 2014 and

2015

74

Jadual 3.9:

Table 3.9:

Kelaziman merokok mengikut negeri dan kumpulan

umur, Malaysia, 2014 dan 2015 Smoking prevalence by state and age group, Malaysia, 2014

and 2015

75

Jadual 3.10:

Table 3.10:

Malnutrisi kelaziman, ketinggian dan berat badan untuk

umur kanak-kanak di bawah 5 tahun mengikut negeri,

Malaysia, 2015 dan 2016 Malnutrition prevalence, height and weight for children

aged under 5 years old by state, Malaysia, 2015 and 2016

76

Jadual 3.11:

Table 3.11:

5 Sebab Kematian utama (disahkan) mengikut

kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 5 Principal causes of death (medically certified) by age

group and sex, Malaysia, 2014–2016

77

4.0 KEHIDUPAN AWAM DAN PEMBUAT KEPUTUSAN PUBLIC LIFE AND DECISION MAKING

Jadual 4.1:

Table 4.1:

Peratus ahli parlimen mengikut jantina, Malaysia,

2014–2016 Percentage of parliament members by sex, Malaysia,

2014–2016

81

Jadual 4.2:

Table 4.2:

Penduduk bekerja mengikut pekerjaan dan jantina,

Malaysia, 2014–2016 Employed persons by occupation and sex, Malaysia,

2014–2016

82

Jadual 4.3:

Table 4.3:

Bilangan dan peratus hakim di Kehakiman Sivil

mengikut jawatan dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Number and percentage of judges in Civil Judiciary by

position and sex, Malaysia, 2014–2016

83

Jadual 4.4:

Table 4.4:

Bilangan Ketua Setiausaha, Timbalan Ketua Setiausaha

dan Ketua Pengarah mengikut jawatan dan jantina,

Malaysia, 2014–2016 Number of Secretary General, Deputy Secretary General

and Director General by position and sex, Malaysia,

2014–2016

84

xiii

Jadual 4.5:

Table 4.5:

Bilangan penjawat awam mengikut kumpulan

perkhidmatan dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Number of civil servants by group of services and sex,


85

Jadual 4.6:

Table 4.6:

Bilangan pembuat keputusan di sektor pendidikan

mengikut jawatan dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Number of decision making in education sector by position

and sex, Malaysia, 2014–2016

86

Jadual 4.7:

Table 4.7:

Bilangan dan peratus hakim di Kehakiman Syariah

mengikut jawatan dan jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Number and percentage of judges in Syariah Judiciary by

position and sex, Malaysia, 2014–2016

87

Jadual 4.8:

Table 4.8:

Bilangan dan peratus anggota polis mengikut jantina,

Malaysia, 2015 dan 2016 Number and percentage of police personnel by sex,

Malaysia, 2015 and 2016

88

5.0 HAK ASASI WANITA DAN KANAK-KANAK PEREMPUAN HUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN AND GIRL CHILDREN

Jadual 5.1:

Table 5.1:

Bilangan kes pembunuhan dengan niat mengikut

negeri, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Number of cases of intentional homicide by state, Malaysia,

2014–2016

89

Jadual 5.2:

Table 5.2:

Bilangan kes keganasan terhadap wanita mengikut

negeri dan jenis kes, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Number of cases of violence against women by state and

types of cases, Malaysia, 2014–2016

90

Jadual 5.3:

Table 5.3:

Bilangan wanita Bukan Islam yang berumur 20–24 tahun

dan berkahwin sebelum umur 18 tahun, Malaysia,

2014–2016 Number of Non-Muslim women aged 20–24 years old and

married before age of 18 years old, Malaysia, 2014–2016

91

Jadual 5.4:

Table 5.4:

Kadar kesuburan remaja berumur 15−19 tahun mengikut

negeri, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Adolescent birth rate aged 15−19 years by state, Malaysia,

2014–2016

92

xiv

6.0 PERLINDUNGAN SOSIAL (FOKUS KHAS: PENUAAN PENDUDUK) SOCIAL PROTECTION (SPECIAL FOCUS: POPULATION AGEING)

Jadual 6.1:

Table 6.1:

Bilangan penerima bantuan orang tua mengikut negeri,

Malaysia, 2014–2016 Number of elderly beneficiaries by state, Malaysia, 2014–2016

93

7.0 PENGURANGAN RISIKO BENCANA DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

Jadual 7.1:

Table 7.1:

Bilangan penerima bantuan kewangan bagi mangsa

bencana mengikut jenis bencana, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Number of financial assistance beneficiaries for the victims of

disaster by type of disaster, Malaysia, 2014–2016

95

8.0 KEAMANAN DAN KESELAMATAN PEACE AND SECURITY

Jadual 8.1:

Table 8.1:

Bilangan dan peratus anggota tentera darat, laut dan

udara mengikut jantina, Malaysia, 2014–2016 Number and percentage of army, navy and air force

personnel by sex, Malaysia, 2014–2016

97

INFOGRAFIK INFOGRAPHIC

STATISTIK PEMERKASAAN WANITADALAM DOMAIN TERPILIH, MALAYSIAIndeks Jurang Gender Malaysia mengukur jurang antara lelaki dan wanita dalam

4 sub-indeks

Nota:

Skor 1.00 atau 100.0% ditakrifkan sebagai tiada jurang perbezaan di antara lelaki dan perempuan bagi 4 sub-indeks

Purata jurang kesaksamaan antara lelaki dan wanita berada pada 69.2%

Perdagangan Borong & Runcit;

Pembaikan kenderaan bermotor

& motosikal

18.3%

Pembuatan

3 Industri dengan penyertaan tertinggi

oleh wanita bekerja

17.1%

Penginapan & aktiviti

perkhidmatan makanan &

minuman

11.6%

Nota:

KPTB - Kadar Penyertaan Tenaga Buruh

Perbezaan kadar literasi lelaki

dan wanita bagi kumpulan umur

15-64 tahun adalah 0.9 mata

peratus

Wanita dijangka untuk hidup 4.7 tahun

lebih lama berbanding lelaki

Hampir 11 daripada 100 orang ahli Dewan Rakyat adalah wanita

Nota:

Semua data adalah merujuk kepada tahun 2016

SKOR

0.692

2017

Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia

www.dosm.gov.myhttps://www.facebook.com/StatsMalaysia https://twitter.com/StatsMalaysia

Peluang & Penyertaan

Ekonomi

0.659

Pencapaian

Pendidikan

1.092

Kesihatan &

Kehidupan

0.957

Penguasaan

Politik

0.061

Peluang dan Penyertaan Ekonomi

Pencapaian Pendidikan

Kesihatan & Kehidupan

Penguasaan Politik

KPTB

80.2%

KPTB

54.3%

Kadar Enrolmen

97.2% 96.3%

72.5 tahun 77.2 tahun

AIDSJangkaan hayat ketika lahir

Kadar Literasi

1 daripada 5 penghidap AIDS adalah wanita

Dewan Negara

22.4%

Menteri Kabinet

8.6% Timbalan Menteri

17.6%

Dewan Rakyat

10.8%

Peringkat rendah96.8%

Peringkat menengah85.8%

Peringkat tertiari37.8%

97.7%

91.3%

49.8%

kamariahs

Typewritten text

1

STATISTICS ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT INSELECTED DOMAINS, MALAYSIA

Wholesale and retail trade;

Repair of motor vehicles and

motorcycles

18.3%

Manufacturing

3 Industries with the highest participation

of employed women

17.1%

Accommodation and food &

beverage service activities 11.6%

The difference in literacy rate

for men and women for the age

group 15-64 years is

0.9 percentage points

Women are expected to live 4.7 years

longer than men

2017

Department of Statistics, Malaysia

www.dosm.gov.myhttps://www.facebook.com/StatsMalaysia https://twitter.com/StatsMalaysia

Economic Participation & Opportunity

Educational Attainment

Health & Survival

LFPR

80.2%

LFPR

54.3%

Enrolment Rate

97.2% 96.3%

72.5 years 77.2 years

AIDSLife expectancy at birth

Literacy Rate

1 out of 5 infected persons

with AIDS are women

Almost 11 out of 100 representative are women in the House of Representative

Note:

All figures refer to the year 2016

Political Empowerment

Senate

22.4%

Cabinet Minister

8.6%

Deputy Minister

17.6%

House of Representative

10.8%

Malaysia Gender Gap Index measures gap between men and women

in 4 sub-indexes

Note:

The score of 1.00 or 100.0% is defined as no gap between men and women in the 4 sub-indexes

The average of equality gap between men and women stands at 69.2%

SCORE

0.692

Economic Participation

& Opportunity

0.659

Educational

Attainment

1.092

Health &

Survival

0.957

Political

Empowerment

0.061

Primary level 96.8%

Secondary level85.8%

Tertiary level37.8%

97.7%

91.3%

49.8%

Note:

LFPR- Labour Force Participation Rate

kamariahs

Typewritten text

2

RINGKASAN PENEMUAN

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS


3

1. PENGENALAN

Statistik Pemerkasaan Wanita Dalam

Domain Terpilih, Malaysia, 2017

memaparkan maklumat indikator asas

gender bagi mengukur kesaksamaan

gender dalam usaha pihak kerajaan

memperkasakan golongan wanita.

Statistik ini mengandungi indikator yang

merangkumi lapan bidang utama iaitu

struktur ekonomi, penyertaan dalam

aktiviti produktif & akses kepada

sumber; pendidikan; kesihatan &

perkhidmatan berkaitan; kehidupan

awam & pembuat keputusan; hak asasi

wanita & kanak-kanak perempuan;

perlindungan sosial; pengurangan risiko

bencana dan keamanan &

keselamatan.

1. INTRODUCTION

Statistics on Women Empowerment In

Selected Domains, Malaysia, 2017

presents the information on basic

gender indicators to measure gender

equality as the government's efforts

towards women empowerment. These

statistics contained indicators which

consist of eight main areas which are

economic structures, participation in

productive activities & access to

resources; education; health & related

services; public life & decision making;

human rights of women & girl children;

social protection; disaster risk reduction

and peace & security.

2. INDEKS JURANG GENDER MALAYSIA

(MGGI)

Indeks Jurang Gender Malaysia (MGGI)

meneliti jurang antara lelaki dan wanita

dalam empat kategori asas

(sub-indeks): Peluang & Penyertaan

Ekonomi, Pencapaian Pendidikan,

Kesihatan & Kehidupan dan

Penguasaan Politik.

MGGI telah disediakan berdasarkan

metodologi Global Gender Gap Index

(GGI) yang diterbitkan oleh World

Economic Forum (WEF) menggunakan

data terkini di Jabatan Perangkaan

Malaysia (DOSM). Jadual A di dalam

Nota Teknikal memaparkan kesemua

empat sub-indeks dan 14 pemboleh

ubah bersama dengan sumber data

yang digunakan oleh WEF dan DOSM.

2. MALAYSIA GENDER GAP INDEX

(MGGI)

The Malaysia Gender Gap Index

(MGGI) examined the gap between

men and women in four fundamental

categories (sub-indexes): Economic

Participation & Opportunity,

Educational Attainment, Health &

Survival and Political Empowerment.

MGGI was produced according to the

methodology of the Global Gender

Gap Index (GGI) published by the

World Economic Forum (WEF) using the

latest data available at the Department

of Statistics, Malaysia (DOSM). Table A

in the Technical Notes displayed all four

of these sub-indexes and the 14

variables, along with the sources of

data used by WEF and DOSM.

Purata skor bagi kesemua empat

sub-indeks untuk Malaysia pada 2016

adalah 0.692. Ini menunjukkan jurang

The average score of all four

sub-indexes for Malaysia in 2016 was

0.692. This indicated that the equality


4

kesaksamaan antara lelaki dan wanita

adalah sebanyak 69.2 peratus (dengan

mengambil kira wajaran bagi

penduduk). Skor 1.00 (100.0%)

ditakrifkan sebagai tiada jurang di

antara lelaki dan wanita bagi empat

sub-indeks tersebut.

gap between men and women was

69.2 per cent (taking into account the

weighted by population). The score of

1.00 (100.0%) is defined as no gap

between men and women in these four

sub-indexes.

Jadual 1: Indeks Jurang Gender Malaysia (MGGI), 2016 Table 1: Malaysia Gender Gap Index (MGGI), 2016

Sub-indeks Sub-indexes

Skor DOSM DOSM's Score

Skor WEF WEF's Score

Peluang dan Penyertaan Ekonomi

Economic Participation and Opportunity

0.659 0.658

Pencapaian Pendidikan Educational Attainment

1.092 0.985

Kesihatan dan Kehidupan

Healths and Survival

0.957 0.969

Penguasaan Politik Political Empowerment

0.061 0.051

Jumlah Skor (purata)

Total Score (average)

0.692 0.666

Berdasarkan skor ini, Malaysia berada

pada kedudukan ke-75 daripada 144

negara yang tersenarai dalam Laporan

Global Gender Gap Index, 2016 oleh

WEF.

Based on this score, Malaysia's ranking

was at the 75th out of 144 countries

listed in the Global Gender Gap Index,

2016 Report by WEF.

Jadual 2: Kedudukan di Asia Timur dan Pasifik oleh World Economic Forum, 2016 Table 2: Rankings by East Asia and the Pacific by World Economic Forum, 2016

Negara Country

Kedudukan

keseluruhan Overall rank

Skor keseluruhan Overall score

Philippines 7 0.786

New Zealand 9 0.781

Lao PDR 43 0.724

Australia 46 0.721

Singapore 55 0.712

Mongolia 58 0.705

Viet Nam 65 0.700

Thailand 71 0.699

Indonesia 88 0.682

China 99 0.676

Brunei Darussalam 103 0.669

Malaysia 106 0.666

Japan 111 0.660

Cambodia 112 0.658

Korea, Rep. 116 0.649

Timor-Leste 125 0.637

Malaysia

0.692


5

Malaysia berada pada kedudukan ke-9

di antara negara-negara Asia Timur dan

Pasifik iaitu di hadapan Indonesia, China

dan Brunei Darussalam. [Jadual 2]

Malaysia was ranked at the 9th position

among East Asia and the Pacific

nations, ahead of Indonesia, China and

Brunei Darussalam. [Table 2]

2.1 Peluang dan Penyertaan Ekonomi

Indikator yang terdapat dalam

sub-indeks ini adalah penyertaan

tenaga kerja wanita kepada lelaki;

persamaan upah antara wanita dan

lelaki bagi pekerjaan yang sama;

anggaran pendapatan yang diperoleh

oleh wanita dan lelaki; penggubal

undang-undang, pegawai kanan dan

pengurus wanita kepada lelaki; dan

pekerja wanita profesional dan teknikal

kepada lelaki. Skor Malaysia bagi

sub-indeks ini ialah 0.659.

2.1 Economic Participation and

Opportunity

Indicators included under this sub-index

are women over men labour force

participation; wage equality between

women and men for similar occupation;

women over men's estimated earned

income; women over men as legislators,

senior officials and managers; and

women over men as professional and

technical workers. Malaysia’s score for

this sub-index was 0.659.

2.2 Pencapaian Pendidikan

Sub-indeks ini menunjukkan jurang

antara akses wanita dan lelaki kepada

pendidikan melalui nisbah wanita

kepada lelaki dalam pendidikan

rendah, menengah dan tertiari.

Penilaian jangka panjang bagi

keupayaan negara untuk mendidik

wanita dan lelaki dalam jumlah yang

sama dihasilkan melalui nisbah kadar

literasi wanita kepada kadar literasi

lelaki. Keseluruhan skor Malaysia bagi

sub-indeks ini adalah 1.092.

2.3 Kesihatan dan Kehidupan

Sub-indeks ini memberikan gambaran

mengenai perbezaan antara kesihatan

wanita dan lelaki melalui penggunaan

dua indikator. Indikator pertama adalah

nisbah jantina ketika lahir yang

bertujuan khusus untuk mendapatkan

fenomena "missing women",

2.2 Educational Attainment

This sub-index captures the gap

between women’s and men’s access

to education through ratios of women

to men in primary, secondary and

tertiary education. A long term

assessment on the country’s ability to

educate women and men in equal

numbers is captured through the ratio

of the female literacy rate to the male

literacy rate. Overall, Malaysia’s score in

this sub-index was 1.092.

2.3 Health and Survival

This sub-index provides an overview on

the differences between women’s and

men’s health through the use of two

indicators. The first is the sex ratio at

birth, which aims specifically to capture

the phenomenon of “missing women”,

prevalent in many countries where


6

kelazimannya di kebanyakan negara

dengan keutamaan anak lelaki.

Indikator kedua adalah jurang antara

jangka hayat wanita dan lelaki.

Pengukuran ini memberikan purata

baki umur (tahun) seseorang dijangka

akan dapat hidup pada permulaan

umur tertentu. Pencapaian Malaysia

bagi sub-indeks ini adalah 0.957.

there are preference for a son.

The second indicator is the gap

between women’s and men’s life

expectancy. This measure provides the

average remaining age (years) for a

person is expected to live at the

beginning of the certain age.

Malaysia’s standing in this sub-index

was 0.957.

2.4 Penguasaan Politik

Sub-indeks ini mengukur jurang antara

lelaki dan wanita pada peringkat

tertinggi pembuat keputusan dalam

politik melalui nisbah wanita kepada

lelaki dalam jawatan peringkat menteri

dan nisbah wanita kepada lelaki di

parlimen. Nisbah wanita kepada lelaki

dari segi tempoh tahun di pejabat

eksekutif (Perdana Menteri atau

Presiden) bagi tempoh 50 tahun yang

lalu turut dimasukkan di bawah

sub-indeks ini. Skor bagi Malaysia untuk

sub-indeks ini adalah 0.061.

2.4 Political Empowerment

This sub-index measures the gap

between men and women at the

highest level of political decision

making through the ratio of women to

men in ministerial level positions and the

ratio of women to men in parliamentary

positions. In addition, we include the

ratio of women to men in terms of years

in executive office (Prime Minister or

President) for the last 50 years.

Malaysia’s score for this sub-index is at

0.061.

Carta 1: Skor bagi Indeks Jurang Gender mengikut sub-indeks, Malaysia, 2016 Chart 1: Score for Gender Gap Index by sub-indexes, Malaysia, 2016


7

3. MALAYSIA DENGAN NEGARA TERPILIH

Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh bagi

wanita Malaysia pada 2016 adalah

54.3 peratus dan agak rendah

berbanding negara lain. Namun begitu,

kadar literasi bagi wanita di Malaysia

96.3 peratus (2016) adalah lebih tinggi

berbanding dengan negara ASEAN lain.

Malaysia juga mencatatkan peratusan

tertinggi bagi bilangan kelahiran yang

disambut oleh kakitangan terlatih

(99.5%) dan setara dengan negara

maju yang lain.

3. MALAYSIA AND SELECTED COUNTRIES

The labour force participation rate for

Malaysian women in 2016 was

54.3 per cent and was relatively low as

compared to other countries.

Nevertheless, the literacy rate for

women in Malaysia of 96.3 per cent

(2016) was higher as compared to the

ASEAN countries. Malaysia also

recorded the highest percentage of

births attended by trained personnel

(99.5%) and at par with other

developed countries.

Jadual 3: Perbandingan di antara Malaysia dengan negara terpilih (ASEAN dan negara maju)

bagi indikator gender terpilih, 2016 Table 3: Comparison between Malaysia with selected countries (ASEAN and developed countries) for

selected gender indicators, 2016

Indikator

Indicator Malaysia Singapore Thailand Philippines USA

United

Kingdom Australia Japan

Jumlah penduduk (juta)

Total population (million)

32.0 5.6 68.0 100.7 321.8 64.7 24.0 126.6

Nisbah jantina

(lelaki/perempuan)

Sex ratio(male/female)

1.07 1.03 1.03 0.98 1.02 1.03 1.00 1.06

Kadar penyertaan tenaga

buruh bagi wanita (%)

Labour force participation rate for

women (%)

54.3 66.0 70.0 52.0 66.0 71.0 71.0 66.0

Kadar literasi bagi wanita (%)

Literacy rate for women (%)

96.3 95.0 93.0 97.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0

Kelahiran yang disambut oleh

kakitangan terlatih (%)

Births attended by trained

personnel (%)

99.5 99.7 99.6 72.8 n.a. n.a. 99.3 99.8

Nisbah mortaliti ibu bersalin

(setiap 100,000 kelahiran

hidup)

Maternal mortality ratio

(per 100,000 live births)

29.1 10.0 20.0 114.0 n.a. n.a. 6.0 5.0

Perwakilan wanita di Dewan

Rakyat (%)

Women in the house of

representative (%)

10.8 24.0 6.0 n.a. 19.0 29.0 27.0 9.0

Nota/Notes:

Data dipetik dari Global Gender Gap Index Reports, 2016 (World Economic Forum) kecuali Malaysia

Data are quoted from the Global Gender Gap Index Reports, 2016 (World Economic Forum) except Malaysia

n.a.- tidak diperoleh/ not available


8

4. STRUKTUR EKONOMI, PENYERTAAN

DALAM AKTIVITI PRODUKTIF DAN AKSES

KEPADA SUMBER

4.1 Penduduk Bekerja

Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh (KPTB)

bagi wanita meningkat

0.2 mata peratus kepada 54.3 peratus

(2016) dari 54.1 peratus (2015).

Sebaliknya KPTB bagi lelaki menurun

0.4 mata peratus dari 80.6 peratus (2015)

kepada 80.2 peratus (2016).

4. ECONOMIC STRUCTURES,

PARTICIPATION IN PRODUCTIVE

ACTIVITIES AND ACCESS TO RESOURCES

4.1 Employed Persons

The labour force participation rate

(LFPR) for women increased by

0.2 percentage points to 54.3 per cent

(2016) from 54.1 per cent (2015).

Inversely, LFPR for men decreased by

0.4 percentage points from

80.6 per cent (2015) to 80.2 per cent

(2016).

Paparan 1: Penduduk bekerja mengikut jantina, Malaysia, 2015 dan 2016 Exhibit 1: Employed persons by sex, Malaysia, 2015 and 2016

4.2 Peratusan Penduduk Bekerja

Mengikut Taraf Pekerjaan

Peratusan wanita bekerja dan bekerja

sendiri meningkat masing-masing 0.5

dan 0.3 mata peratus pada tahun 2016

berbanding 2015. Sebaliknya peratus

wanita bekerja sebagai majikan dan

pekerja keluarga tanpa gaji menurun

masing-masing 0.3 dan 0.5 mata

peratus bagi tahun yang sama.

(Paparan 2)

4.2 Percentage Employed Persons By

Employment Status

The percentage of women as an

employee and an own account worker

increased by 0.5 and 0.3 percentage

points respectively in 2016 as compared

to 2015. Inversely, the percentage of

women as an employer and unpaid

family worker decreased by 0.3 and

0.5 percentage points respectively for

the corresponding year. (Exhibit 2)


9

Paparan 2: Peratusan penduduk bekerja mengikut taraf pekerjaan dan jantina, Malaysia, 2015

dan 2016 Exhibit 2: Percentage of employed persons by status in employment and sex, Malaysia,

2015 and 2016

4.3 Kadar Pengangguran

Pada 2016, kadar pengangguran bagi

kedua-dua wanita dan lelaki yang

berumur antara 25–54 tahun

menunjukkan peningkatan antara 0.1

dan 1.1 mata peratus. Walau

bagaimanapun kadar pengangguran

kekal sama pada 0.2 peratus bagi

wanita dalam kumpulan umur

55–59 tahun.

4.3 Unemployment Rate

In 2016, the unemployment rate for

both women and men aged between

25–54 years old showed an increase

between 0.1 and 1.1 percentage

points. However, the unemployment

rate remained the same at 0.2 per cent

for the women in the age group

55–59 years old.

Jadual 4: Kadar pengangguran mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia, 2015 dan 2016 Table 4: Unemployment rate by age group and sex, Malaysia, 2015 and 2016


10

5. PENDIDIKAN

5.1 Kadar Literasi

Kadar literasi bagi wanita dalam

kumpulan umur 15–24 tahun bagi

kedua-dua tahun 2015 dan 2016 adalah

lebih tinggi berbanding lelaki dalam

kumpulan umur yang sama. Walau

bagaimanapun, kadar literasi lelaki bagi

kumpulan umur 15–64 tahun adalah

lebih tinggi daripada wanita.

5. EDUCATION

5.1 Literacy Rate

In 2016, the literacy rates for women in

the age group of 15–24 years for both

2015 and 2016 were higher as

compared to men in the same age

group. However, the literacy rate for

men in the age group of 15–64 years

was higher than women.

Paparan 3: Kadar literasi mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia, 2015 dan 2016 Exhibit 3: Literacy rate by age group and sex, Malaysia, 2015 and 2016

5.2 Enrolmen

Peratus enrolmen wanita di peringkat

tertiari meningkat 0.1 mata peratus dari

54.6 peratus (2015) kepada 54.7 peratus

(2016). Sebaliknya, peratus enrolmen

bagi lelaki di peringkat tertiari menurun

0.1 mata peratus dari 45.4 (2015)

kepada 45.3 peratus (2016). [Paparan 4]

5.2 Enrolments

The percentage of women enrolment

at tertiary level increased by

0.1 percentage points from


(2016). On the other hand, the

percentage of men's enrolment at

tertiary level decreased by

0.1 percentage points from 45.4 (2015)

to 45.3 per cent (2016). [Exhibit 4]


11

Paparan 4: Bilangan enrolmen di peringkat rendah, menengah dan tertiari, Malaysia, 2015 dan

2016 Exhibit 4: Number of enrolments at primary, secondary and tertiary level, Malaysia, 2015 and 2016

6. KESIHATAN DAN PERKHIDMATAN

BERKAITAN

6. HEALTH AND RELATED SERVICES

6.1 Kadar Kematian Kurang Daripada

Lima Tahun

Kadar kematian kurang daripada lima

tahun bagi kanak-kanak perempuan

dan lelaki menurun masing-masing dari

7.7 (2015) kepada 7.6 (2016) dan dari

9.0 (2015) kepada 8.6 (2016).

Walau bagaimanapun, kadar kematian

kanak-kanak lelaki adalah lebih tinggi

berbanding kanak-kanak perempuan

bagi tahun yang sama.

6.1 Under–Five Mortality Rate

The under–five mortality rate for girls

and boys decreased from 7.7 (2015) to

7.6 (2016) and from 9.0 (2015) to

8.6 (2016) respectively. However, the

under–five mortality rate for boys was

higher than girls for the corresponding

year.

Paparan 5: Kadar kematian kurang daripada lima tahun mengikut jantina, Malaysia, 2015 dan

2016 Exhibit 5: Under–five mortality rate by sex, Malaysia, 2015 and 2016

2016: 7.6 2015: 7.7

2016: 8.6 2015: 9.0


12

6.2 Statistik Kesihatan Ibu Bersalin

Jumlah kelahiran yang disambut oleh

kakitangan terlatih (kerajaan dan

swasta) mencatatkan peningkatan

daripada 99.4 peratus (2015) kepada

99.5 peratus (2016). Peningkatan

peratus ini adalah selari dengan peratus

kelahiran yang lebih tinggi di hospital

kerajaan iaitu dari 85.1 peratus (2015)

kepada 85.9 peratus (2016).

6.2 Statistics on Maternal Health

The total births attended by trained

personnel (government and private)

recorded an increase from


(2016). This increase was in line with the

higher percentage of births in the

government hospitals from


(2016).

Carta 5: Jumlah kelahiran yang disambut oleh kakitangan terlatih (kerajaan dan swasta),

Malaysia, 2015 dan 2016 Chart 5: Total births attended by trained personnel (government and private), Malaysia, 2015 and 2016

6.3 Bilangan Kes HIV dan AIDS

Bilangan kes HIV yang dilaporkan

meningkat sebanyak 68 kes dari

3,329 kes pada 2015 kepada 3,397 kes

pada 2016. Bilangan kes AIDS yang

dilaporkan meningkat dari 1,111 kes

pada 2015 kepada 1,222 kes pada

2016. Secara keseluruhan, peningkatan

ini adalah disebabkan oleh

peningkatan pembawa HIV dan AIDS

lelaki. [Paparan 6]

6.3 Number of Cases of HIV and AIDS

The number of reported HIV cases

increased by 68 cases from 3,329 cases

in 2015 to 3,397 cases in 2016. The

number of reported AIDS cases

increased from 1,111 cases in 2015 to

1,222 cases in 2016. Overall, the

increase was due to the rise of men

carriers of HIV and AIDS. [Exhibit 6]


13

Paparan 6: Bilangan kes jangkitan HIV dan AIDS yang dilaporkan, Malaysia, 2015 dan 2016 Exhibit 6: The number of reported cases by HIV and AIDS, Malaysia, 2015 and 2016

7. KEHIDUPAN AWAM DAN PEMBUAT

KEPUTUSAN

Ahli Parlimen

Pada 2016, penyertaan wanita dalam

Dewan Negara dan Menteri Kabinet

meningkat masing-masing 2.1 dan

0.3 mata peratus dari 20.3 kepada

22.4 peratus dan dari 8.3 kepada 8.6

peratus. Sebaliknya, penyertaan wanita

dalam Dewan Rakyat dan sebagai

Timbalan Menteri menurun

masing-masing dari 11.3 kepada 10.8

dan 21.2 kepada 17.6 peratus.

7. PUBLIC LIFE AND DECISION MAKING

Members of Parliament

In 2016, the participation of women in

the Senate and Cabinet Minister rose by

2.1 and 0.3 percentage points from 20.3

to 22.4 per cent and from 8.3 to

8.6 per cent respectively. Conversely,

the participation of women in the

House of Representatives and as

Deputy Ministers decreased from 11.3 to

10.8 per cent and 21.2 to 17.6 per cent.

Paparan 7: Peratus ahli parlimen mengikut jantina, Malaysia, 2015 dan 2016 Exhibit 7: Percentage of parliament members by sex, Malaysia, 2015 and 2016

Sumber: Bahagian Kawalan Penyakit, Kementerian Kesihatan MalaysiaSource: Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia


14

8. HAK ASASI WANITA DAN

KANAK-KANAK PEREMPUAN

Keganasan Terhadap Wanita

Pada 2016, keganasan rumah tangga

merupakan kes tertinggi yang

dilaporkan iaitu 60.4 peratus. Ini diikuti

oleh kes rogol (20.3%) dan kes cabul

(15.9%). Kes luar tabii merupakan kes

yang terendah dilaporkan iaitu 3.4

peratus.

8. HUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN AND GIRL

CHILDREN

Violence Against Women

In 2016, domestic violence was the

highest cases reported at 60.4 per cent.

This is followed by rape cases (20.3%)

and molest cases (15.9%). Unnatural

cases were the least cases reported at

3.4 per cent.

Paparan 8: Peratus keganasan terhadap wanita mengikut jenis kes, Malaysia, 2015 dan 2016 Exhibit 8: Percentage of violence against women by type of cases, Malaysia, 2015 and 2016

55.6% 60.4%

23.5% 20.3%

17.6% 15.9%

3.3 % 3.4%

Sumber: Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM)Source: Royal Malaysia Police

DASAR WANITA NEGARA:

PENCAPAIAN INDIKATOR NATIONAL POLICY ON WOMEN:

ACHIEVEMENT BY SELECTED

INDICATOR

DASAR WANITA NEGARA NATIONAL POLICY ON WOMEN

15

DASAR WANITA NEGARA:

PENCAPAIAN INDIKATOR TERPILIH

Malaysia telah mencapai kemajuan

ketara dalam kesaksamaan gender

dan pemerkasaan wanita di negara ini

semenjak dua dekad yang lalu. Ini

adalah selari dengan peruntukkan

yang terkandung dalam

Perlembagaan Persekutuan, Perkara

8(2) yang dipinda pada tahun 2001

iaitu larangan diskriminasi jantina.

Terdapat dua dasar utama berkaitan

wanita iaitu Dasar Wanita Negara 2009

dan Dasar 30% Wanita bagi Kedudukan

Pembuat Keputusan.

NATIONAL POLICY ON WOMEN:

ACHIEVEMENT BY SELECTED INDICATOR

Malaysia has reached significant

progress on gender equality and

women empowerment in the country

since the past two decades. This is in

line with the provisions contained in the

Federal Constitution, Article 8 (2) which

was amended in 2001, the prohibition

of sex discrimination. There are two

policies related to women, namely

National Policy on Women and Policy

on 30% Women a Decision Making

Position.

Paparan 9: Dasar-dasar berkaitan wanita di Malaysia Exhibit 9: National Policy related to women in Malaysia


16

Dasar Wanita Negara 2009 dan Pelan

Tindakan Kemajuan Wanita 2010-2015

telah menghasilkan program yang lebih

komprehensif dan terarah untuk

mengintegrasikan wanita dalam

pembangunan dan meningkatkan

status mereka dalam masyarakat.

Dasar Wanita Negara bertujuan untuk

membangunkan wanita agar seiring

dengan lelaki dalam pelbagai sektor

yang diceburi. Wanita berpeluang

mengecapi manfaat yang sama

dengan lelaki bagi setiap keputusan

atau dasar yang dibentuk dan

dilaksanakan.

Kadar Penyertaan Tenaga Buruh

Selaras dengan matlamat Dasar

Wanita Negara bagi mencapai

perkongsian saksama antara wanita

dan lelaki dalam memperoleh dan

mengawal sumber dan peluang

penyertaan di dalam sektor ekonomi,

kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh

wanita meningkat daripada

47.8 peratus (1990) kepada 54.3 peratus

(2016).

The National Policy on Women 2009

and the Plan of Action for the

Advancement of Women 2010-2015

have resulted in more

comprehensive and targeted

programmes to integrate women into

the development and upbringing of

their status in society. The purpose of

National Policy on Women is to

develop women in line with men in

rigorous sectors. Women will be

equally benefited with men for every

decision or policy implemented.

Labour Force Participation Rate

In line with the aims of the National

Policy on Women to achieve an

equitable partnership between

women and men in securing and

controlling resources and

participation opportunities in the

economic sector, female labour

force participation rates rose from


(2016).

Carta 6: Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh mengikut jantina, Malaysia, 1990-2016 Chart 6: Labour force participation rate by sex, Malaysia, 1990-2016

Nota/Note:

r Statistik 2011-2014 dikemaskini berdasarkan anggaran penduduk semasa tahun berkenaan

The 2011-2014 statistics were updated based on the population estimates of the respective years


17

Kadar Literasi

Kadar literasi wanita bagi kumpulan

umur 15–64 tahun menunjukkan

peningkatan dari tahun 1990 iaitu 83.4

kepada 96.3 peratus pada tahun 2016.

Ini adalah sejajar dengan matlamat

Dasar Wanita Negara bagi

membudayakan kesaksamaan gender

di kalangan semua lapisan masyarakat

dalam semua sektor.

Literacy Rate

The literacy rate for women aged

15-64 years showed an increase from

83.4 (1990) to 96.3 per cent in 2016. This

is in line with the aim of the National

Policy of Women to cultivate gender

equality among all levels of society in

all sectors.

Carta 7: Kadar literasi mengikut jantina , Malaysia, 1990, 2000, 2010 dan 2016 Chart 7: Literacy rate by sex, Malaysia, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2016

Nota/Note:

Kadar merujuk kepada penduduk berumur 15-64 tahun The rates refer to the population aged 15-64 years

Komposisi Ahli Parlimen

Matlamat Dasar Wanita Negara adalah

untuk memastikan pandangan dan suara

wanita diterima pakai dalam proses

membuat keputusan di semua peringkat.

Kesan daripada matlamat dasar ini,

peratusan Ahli Parlimen wanita di Dewan

Rakyat meningkat daripada 5.1 peratus

(1990) kepada 10.8 peratus (2016).

[Carta 8]

Composition of Parliamentarians

The aim of the National Policy on

Women is to ensure women's views

and voices are adopted in the

decision making process at all levels.

The impact of the policy, the

percentage of women

Parliamentarians in the House of

Representatives increased from


(2016). [Chart 8]


18

1

Carta 8: Komposisi Ahli Parlimen wanita di Dewan Rakyat, Malaysia, 1990-2016 Chart 8: Composition of women Parliamentarians in the House of Representatives, Malaysia,1990 -2016

Sektor Ekonomi

Di dalam sektor ekonomi juga,

pemilikan wanita dalam syarikat

Perusahaan Kecil dan Sederhana (PKS)

telah menunjukkan peningkatan

daripada 19.7 peratus (2011) kepada

20.6 peratus (2016) selaras dengan

matlamat Dasar Wanita Negara bagi

menyediakan persekitaran yang

kondusif termasuk kesejahteraan hidup

wanita dalam semua aspek termasuk

fizikal, ekonomi, sosial, politik, kesihatan,

psikologi dan kerohanian.

Economic Sector

In the economic sector, Women's

ownership in Small and Medium

Enterprise (SME) has increased from


(2016) in line with the National Policy on

Women that aims to provide a

conducive environment including

women's well-being in all aspects

including physical, economic, social,

political, health, psychological and

spiritual.

Peratusan ahli parlimen wanita/

Percentage of women parlimentarians

Peratusan ahli parlimen lelaki/

Percentage of male parlimentarian

GENDER DAN SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS) GENDER AND SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

19

GENDER DAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

GOALS (SDG)

Pembangunan mampan sentiasa

diutamakan dalam perancangan

pembangunan Malaysia sejak 1970-an,

dengan penekanan untuk membasmi

kemiskinan, meningkatkan kesejahteraan

rakyat, menyediakan akses universal

kepada pendidikan dan pemeliharaan

alam sekitar.

Memperakui akan peranan wanita,

Malaysia sentiasa komited untuk

mencapai kesaksamaan gender dan

mempromosikan hak wanita dan kanak-

kanak perempuan.

Bagi keseluruhan 17 gol yang terdapat di

dalam Sustainable Development Goals

(SDG) terdapat 3 goals dengan 32 target

yang berkaitan dengan wanita.

Senarai penuh indikator SDG yang

berkaitan wanita disertakan di lampiran.

GENDER AND SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDG)

Sustainable development has been at

the heart of Malaysia’s development

approach since the 1970s, with an

emphasis on eradicating poverty,

improving the well-being of the

people, providing universal access to

education and caring for the

environment.

Recognising the role of women,

Malaysia has consistently shown its

commitment to achieving gender

equality and promoting the rights of

women and girls.

For the overall 17 goals stated in the

Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)

there are 3 goals with 32 goals related

to women.

The full list of SDG indicators related to

women is included in the appendix.

Paparan 10: Goals, target dan Indikator bagi Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) yang

berkaitan dengan wanita Exhibit 10: Goals, target and indikator Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) that related to women

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

20

Paparan 11: Status terkini bagi pencapaian Goal 3 dalam Sustainable Development Goals

(SDGs), Malaysia Exhibit 11: Current status for Goal 3 in Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), Malaysia

Paparan 12: Status terkini bagi pencapaian Goal 5 dalam Sustainable Development Goal’s

(SDGs), Malaysia Exhibit 12: Current status for Goal 5 in Sustainable Development Goal’s (SDGs), Malaysia

Penyertaan wanita dalam ekonomi bertambah baik Economic participation of women has improved

Peratusan wanita dalam peranan kepimpinan dapat ditingkatkan

The proportion of women in leadership roles can be further improved

Insiden kemiskinan ketua isi rumah

(wanita) menurun daripada 0.8

(2014) kepada 0.4 peratus pada

2016

Incidence of poverty for head of

household (women) decreased

from 0.8 (2014) to 0.4 per cent in 2016

Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh

wanita meningkat daripada 53.7

(2014) kepada 54.3 peratus pada

2016

Women labour force participation rate

increased from 53.7 (2014) to 54.3

per cent in 2016

Ahli Parlimen wanita di Dewan Rakyat

meningkat daripada 10.4 (2014) kepada 10.8

pada 2016.

Women parliament representatives in the House of

Representatives increased from 10.4 (2014) to 10.8

per cent in 2016.

Jawatan pengurusan tertinggi dalam

Perkhidmatan Awam yang dipegang oleh

wanita meningkat daripada 33.0 (2014)

kepada 35.8 peratus pada 2016.

A top management positions in the public service

held by women increased from 33.0 (2014) to 35.8

per cent in 2016.

SENARAI JADUAL

LIST OF TABLES

STRUKTUR EKONOMI, PENYERTAAN

DALAM AKTIVITI PRODUKTIF DAN

AKSES KEPADA SUMBER ECONOMIC STRUCTURES,


ACTIVITIES AND

ACCESS TO RESOURCES

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5.2

1

0.4

5

.0

Pah

ang

8

.0

3

3.2

4

2.2

4

0.4

2

8.8

2

6.3

2

3.5

2

0.3

1

4.7

6

.4

Pera

k

1

3.0

6

3.9

6

3.9

4

7.8

4

0.5

3

5.9

3

6.9

3

0.3

1

8.1

7

.2

Perl

is

0

.9

5

.9

5

.6

5

.1

4

.1

3

.8

4

.1

3

.6

1

.8

0

.9

Pula

u P

inan

g

7

.2

4

8.0

6

6.8

5

9.7

4

4.3

3

8.0

3

3.6

2

5.3

1

7.8

9

.7

Sab

ah

4

2.1

1

01.0

1

20.1

1

02.8

7

4.5

6

2.4

4

5.3

3

6.8

2

2.2

9

.2

Sara

wak

1

5.4

6

3.3

7

2.7

6

1.3

4

9.2

5

3.1

4

8.1

3

5.9

2

4.4

1

5.1

Sela

ngor

1

9.4

1

34.0

2

82.0

2

58.6

1

79.0

1

51.1

1

25.9

8

3.6

4

2.7

1

6.7

Tere

ngganu

5

.7

2

1.7

2

7.1

2

0.7

1

8.2

1

7.7

1

6.1

1

4.2

7

.9

4

.0

W.P

. K

ua

la L

um

pur

3

.6

3

3.7

7

1.2

7

2.0

5

1.3

4

0.2

3

6.3

2

3.7

1

3.3

5

.7

W.P

. Labua

n

0

.5

2

.1

2

.5

3

.2

1

.6

1

.6

1

.1

0

.4

0

.4

0

.2

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

-

1

.3

3

.2

8

.0

3

.9

1

.6

1

.4

1

.0

0

.8

-

L

ela

ki/

Me

n

2

87.1

1

,129.6

1

,521.7

1

,367.6

1

,083.7

9

31.5

8

27.1

7

38.8

5

29.2

2

75.4

Johor

2

6.2

1

30.0

1

68.4

1

59.7

1

33.7

1

14.2

1

02.0

9

0.1

6

5.2

3

3.8

Ked

ah

2

1.2

7

1.1

8

6.4

7

1.2

6

2.5

5

7.6

5

4.2

5

1.4

3

7.7

2

1.8

Kela

nta

n

1

6.7

6

1.8

6

2.7

5

3.4

4

2.1

3

7.4

3

8.5

3

7.0

2

8.5

1

5.8

Mela

ka

8

.7

3

2.4

4

1.2

3

3.4

2

6.9

2

2.9

2

2.5

2

2.4

1

5.7

7

.9

Negeri

Sem

bila

n

9

.4

4

1.8

5

1.9

4

2.3

3

5.9

2

9.3

2

6.6

2

6.3

2

0.5

1

1.0

Pah

ang

1

6.5

6

5.2

7

7.2

7

4.2

5

4.2

4

3.7

3

9.9

3

6.2

2

8.7

1

8.1

Pera

k

1

8.8

8

7.0

1

06.7

7

9.8

6

8.7

6

5.2

6

4.7

6

1.9

4

5.6

2

5.9

Perl

is

2

.1

1

0.5

1

1.2

8

.4

6

.1

5

.0

6

.2

6

.0

4

.4

2

.6

Pula

u P

inan

g

1

0.0

5

6.7

8

1.7

7

5.6

6

1.1

5

7.7

4

9.7

4

2.5

3

2.3

1

6.4

Sab

ah

8

0.7

1

87.2

2

21.4

1

82.7

1

35.3

1

09.8

8

8.4

7

4.0

5

0.4

2

5.1

Sara

wak

2

7.0

1

10.5

1

24.3

1

07.0

8

7.6

8

3.9

7

8.7

7

1.8

5

4.4

3

1.0

Sela

ngor

3

3.4

1

86.3

3

50.0

3

41.8

2

58.3

2

14.0

1

77.4

1

44.0

9

4.8

4

2.2

Tere

ngganu

9

.1

3

9.6

4

7.3

3

8.5

2

9.4

2

6.8

2

6.4

2

4.2

1

7.4

8

.4

W.P

. K

ua

la L

um

pur

6

.5

4

6.5

8

3.9

8

8.8

7

5.9

5

9.5

4

8.2

4

7.3

3

1.1

1

4.7

W.P

. Labua

n

0

.7

2

.5

4

.3

5

.7

3

.4

2

.6

2

.3

2

.2

1

.5

0

.6

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

0

.1

0

.5

3

.1

5

.1

2

.5

1

.9

1

.4

1

.5

1

.0

0

.1

24

Jad

ual

1.2

: P

en

du

du

k b

ekerj

a m

en

gik

ut

neg

eri

, ja

nti

na d

an

ku

mp

ula

n u

mu

r, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014

r , 2

015 d

an

2016

(sam

b.)

T

ab

le 1

.2: E

mp

loye

d p

ers

on

s b

y s

tate

, sex a

nd

ag

e g

rou

p, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014

r , 2

015

and

2016

(con

t’d

)

(‘000)

N

eg

eri

2016

S

tate

15−

19

20−

24

25−

29

30−

34

35−

39

40−

44

45−

49

50−

54

55−

59

60−

64

W

an

ita/

Wo

me

n

1

58.9

7

54.4

1

,068.4

8

79.9

6

90.9

5

97.9

5

25.5

3

96.7

2

52.8

1

08.3

Johor

2

0.2

8

8.0

1

00.1

8

8.9

6

8.6

6

3.2

5

1.2

3

8.0

2

6.2

9

.7

Ked

ah

1

0.1

4

4.2

5

5.2

4

7.4

4

2.1

4

2.0

3

8.4

3

2.9

2

1.6

1

1.2

Kela

nta

n

6

.9

2

9.9

3

5.7

3

0.8

2

8.2

3

0.6

2

9.5

2

4.4

1

8.7

7

.6

Mela

ka

5

.0

2

5.5

2

7.4

2

6.2

1

9.8

1

6.2

1

6.8

1

4.0

8

.3

3

.2

Negeri

Sem

bila

n

4

.3

2

7.3

3

2.8

2

4.2

2

1.3

1

8.0

1

8.5

1

6.1

1

0.4

4

.0

Pah

ang

7

.9

3

1.9

3

9.9

3

9.4

2

8.9

2

8.0

2

4.7

2

0.4

1

4.2

7

.7

Pera

k

1

1.0

5

8.4

6

3.9

4

5.0

4

5.1

3

9.3

3

7.2

3

3.1

1

9.6

9

.5

Perl

is

1

.2

6

.3

5

.7

5

.1

4

.7

3

.9

4

.2

3

.5

2

.0

0

.8

Pula

u P

inan

g

8

.2

5

1.1

6

3.9

5

7.5

4

1.8

3

9.8

3

3.5

2

4.5

1

6.7

7

.8

Sab

ah

4

7.0

1

15.5

1

53.2

9

4.9

7

5.4

5

9.6

4

7.5

3

6.7

2

3.0

9

.3

Sara

wak

1

5.3

6

5.8

7

5.2

5

9.3

4

9.0

4

9.0

4

4.8

3

6.1

2

5.2

1

2.7

Sela

ngor

1

3.1

1

47.2

3

14.3

2

62.4

1

93.7

1

47.7

1

23.9

7

8.1

4

5.2

1

7.4

Tere

ngganu

4

.4

2

5.1

2

7.2

2

0.7

1

8.0

1

7.7

1

5.2

1

5.4

7

.0

3

.2

W.P

. K

ua

la L

um

pur

3

.9

3

5.4

6

7.8

6

7.3

4

8.5

3

9.9

3

7.9

2

1.5

1

3.4

3

.9

W.P

. Labua

n

0

.3

1

.9

3

.0

2

.9

1

.9

1

.4

1

.0

0

.9

0

.5

0

.2

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

0

.1

0

.9

3

.1

7

.9

3

.9

1

.6

1

.2

1

.1

0

.8

0

.1

L

ela

ki/

Me

n

2

80.9

1

,146.6

1

,524.9

1

,372.3

1

,094.6

9

41.7

8

38.5

7

47.3

5

24.5

2

58.4

Johor

2

7.2

1

27.6

1

67.8

1

61.2

1

35.1

1

15.8

1

03.7

9

0.6

6

5.3

3

2.1

Ked

ah

1

9.5

7

7.7

8

5.6

7

0.4

6

3.0

5

8.7

5

5.2

5

1.6

3

7.2

2

0.5

Kela

nta

n

1

5.1

5

7.5

6

1.9

5

4.0

4

3.7

3

8.5

3

9.2

3

7.2

2

9.3

1

4.3

Mela

ka

9

.8

3

3.5

3

9.5

3

4.8

2

7.3

2

3.3

2

2.6

2

2.1

1

4.9

7

.2

Negeri

Sem

bila

n

6

.1

4

1.8

5

1.3

4

3.4

3

5.8

2

9.7

2

6.5

2

6.0

1

9.2

1

0.2

Pah

ang

1

4.3

6

0.8

7

8.4

7

5.4

5

4.7

4

3.5

3

9.8

3

6.9

2

8.2

1

7.1

Pera

k

2

2.2

8

2.7

1

05.9

8

0.1

6

9.9

6

5.1

6

4.1

6

0.2

4

8.7

2

7.3

Perl

is

2

.0

1

0.5

1

1.2

8

.4

5

.9

5

.0

6

.0

6

.3

4

.6

2

.9

Pula

u P

inan

g

8

.0

6

1.2

8

0.0

7

6.0

6

1.8

5

6.6

5

0.1

4

3.8

3

0.5

1

4.4

Sab

ah

7

7.5

1

92.7

2

21.7

1

82.3

1

35.4

1

09.3

9

1.7

7

4.5

5

1.7

2

4.7

Sara

wak

3

1.4

1

14.2

1

27.5

1

07.0

8

8.3

8

4.8

7

9.9

7

1.0

5

2.6

2

9.0

Sela

ngor

3

1.1

1

99.6

3

55.4

3

42.6

2

65.1

2

19.7

1

80.8

1

49.8

9

2.6

3

7.8

Tere

ngganu

1

0.9

4

2.9

4

7.8

3

8.2

2

9.3

2

7.7

2

6.0

2

5.1

1

7.9

8

.6

W.P

. K

ua

la L

um

pur

4

.9

4

0.2

8

3.5

8

7.8

7

3.5

5

9.4

4

9.2

4

8.6

2

9.1

1

1.7

W.P

. Labua

n

0

.7

2

.9

4

.4

5

.6

3

.2

2

.8

2

.3

2

.1

1

.6

0

.5

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

0

.2

0

.8

3

.0

5

.1

2

.6

1

.8

1

.4

1

.5

1

.1

0

.1

r Sta

tis

tik 2

014

dik

em

as

kin

i b

erd

as

ark

an

an

gg

ara

n p

en

du

du

k s

em

asa

ta

hu

n b

erk

en

aa

n

S

um

be

r: L

ap

ora

n P

en

yia

sa

tan

Te

na

ga

Bu

ruh

, D

OS

M

T

he 2

014 s

tatistics w

as u

pdate

d b

ased o

n the y

ear's p

opula

tio

n e

stim

ate

s

S

ourc

e: Labour

Fo

rce S

urv

ey R

eport

, D

OS

M

25

Jad

ual

1.3

: In

sid

en

kem

iskin

an

men

gik

ut

jan

tin

a k

etu

a isi ru

mah

, M

ala

ysia

, 2

012,

201

4 d

an

201

6

T

ab

le 1

.3: In

cid

en

ce

of p

ove

rty b

y s

ex o

f h

ea

d o

f h

ouse

ho

ld, M

ala

ysia

, 2

012

, 20

14

an

d 2

01

6

(%

)

Insid

en

kem

iskin

an

In

cid

ence

of

pove

rty

2012

2014

2016

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

Me

n

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

Me

n

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

Me

n

MA

LA

YS

IA

2.1

1.6

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.3

Su

mb

er:

La

po

ran

Pen

yia

sa

tan

Pe

nd

ap

ata

n d

an

Ke

mu

dah

an

As

as

, D

OS

M

Sourc

e: R

eport

on H

ousehold

Expenditure

Surv

ey M

ala

ysia

, D

OS

M

26

Jad

ual

1.4

: K

ad

ar

pen

ye

rtaan

ten

ag

a b

uru

h (

KP

TB

) m

en

gik

ut

neg

eri

, ja

nti

na d

an

ku

mp

ula

n u

mu

r, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014

r , 20

15 d

an

20

16

T

ab

le 1

.4: L

abo

ur

forc

e p

art

icip

ation

ra

te (

LF

PR

) by s

tate

, sex a

nd

age

gro

up

, M

ala

ysia

, 2

01

4r ,

201

5 a

nd

20

16

(%)

N

eg

eri

Ju

mla

h

2014

r

Sta

te

To

tal

15−

19

20−

24

25−

29

30−

34

35−

39

40−

44

45−

49

50−

54

55−

59

60−

64

W

an

ita/

Wo

me

n

5

3.7

14.9

53.8

71.7

70.2

68.1

64.3

60.5

53.7

39.1

24.9

Johor

5

0.7

12.5

59.3

72.3

65.0

60.9

58.2

51.1

52.0

34.1

22.5

Ked

ah

5

0.7

12.1

49.1

70.7

65.9

68.7

65.5

60.3

54.4

42.8

28.7

Kela

nta

n

4

8.8

9.2

38.1

67.6

63.6

67.1

68.0

71.1

63.2

50.1

32.8

Mela

ka

5

5.3

14.8

51.5

75.6

75.9

74.2

66.9

64.0

63.2

41.0

22.6

Negeri

Sem

bila

n

5

0.5

9.6

54.6

71.8

71.4

62.5

61.3

59.7

51.5

33.2

23.9

Pah

ang

5

0.4

10.5

54.0

67.0

66.8

64.3

63.0

59.2

54.5

41.8

26.0

Pera

k

4

4.1

12.9

57.1

65.3

59.9

61.9

53.4

48.7

43.7

24.8

12.0

Perl

is

4

3.7

8.5

45.7

62.7

64.5

61.0

58.7

54.0

42.3

29.7

17.5

Pula

u P

inan

g

6

1.3

13.3

63.5

83.0

81.0

76.9

70.9

66.9

57.3

43.0

28.8

Sab

ah

5

2.4

29.7

53.2

57.3

62.5

63.3

60.2

59.6

55.1

46.5

29.9

Sara

wak

5

5.1

17.8

56.6

67.4

66.1

63.4

65.5

63.1

60.6

56.8

40.7

Sela

ngor

6

0.5

12.3

55.3

81.0

78.0

74.6

69.0

66.5

53.0

37.2

22.5

Tere

ngganu

4

4.1

9.0

43.0

57.1

63.1

57.0

60.7

56.0

52.5

35.4

22.1

W.P

. K

ua

la L

um

pur

5

9.0

10.7

51.5

82.9

77.7

79.3

71.2

61.7

47.0

27.9

18.8

W.P

. Labua

n

4

8.9

16.1

73.5

56.1

56.9

46.1

53.0

47.0

38.6

36.2

25.2

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

8

0.3

4.0

60.0

92.8

94.7

92.9

89.9

85.9

82.0

67.1

9.7

L

ela

ki/ M

en

8

0.6

25.0

74.1

96.1

97.6

97.9

97.5

96.6

93.0

77.6

54.1

Johor

8

2.4

22.4

83.8

97.7

98.0

98.5

96.8

95.5

91.5

79.9

56.5

Ked

ah

7

7.1

22.4

74.2

95.8

97.5

97.0

96.8

96.7

93.1

76.1

50.9

Kela

nta

n

7

1.7

17.3

63.6

93.4

94.2

94.3

95.1

96.9

94.2

80.7

57.5

Mela

ka

7

8.2

22.8

69.4

96.1

97.6

97.7

96.5

97.8

93.9

79.5

54.3

Negeri

Sem

bila

n

7

8.2

26.7

73.9

92.8

97.1

98.3

95.8

94.3

95.2

73.7

51.7

Pah

ang

8

0.3

20.7

75.0

97.1

98.4

98.3

97.7

96.9

94.8

83.6

67.7

Pera

k

7

5.6

19.6

72.7

94.5

97.5

96.4

96.4

93.6

89.1

68.7

48.8

Perl

is

7

6.5

20.3

71.2

93.7

97.2

98.9

95.8

95.7

92.5

80.7

54.8

Pula

u P

inan

g

8

0.6

18.5

73.7

96.5

98.5

98.7

98.0

96.7

90.1

77.0

45.7

Sab

ah

8

5.3

44.6

85.0

98.1

97.5

98.3

98.0

97.3

94.5

81.6

60.8

Sara

wak

8

3.8

32.4

81.4

95.9

98.1

98.1

97.3

98.0

95.7

86.4

67.1

Sela

ngor

8

2.0

18.3

66.4

96.2

97.7

98.2

98.6

96.5

92.3

74.7

49.0

Tere

ngganu

7

6.2

21.3

69.8

93.8

95.4

97.7

97.0

98.2

94.0

81.2

57.4

W.P

. K

ua

la L

um

pur

8

0.2

15.2

58.5

93.8

98.0

98.6

98.8

98.6

95.0

70.6

42.1

W.P

. Labua

n

8

6.6

24.4

93.8

98.4

99.2

98.8

99.7

96.5

93.8

85.6

52.0

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

8

3.6

10.5

56.4

98.2

99.4

100.0

95.2

98.6

90.4

78.3

9.6

27

Jad

ual

1.4

: K

ad

ar

pen

ye

rtaan

ten

ag

a b

uru

h (

KP

TB

) m

en

gik

ut

neg

eri

, ja

nti

na d

an

ku

mp

ula

n u

mu

r, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014

r , 20

15 d

an

20

16 (

sam

b.)

Ta

ble

1.4

: L

abo

ur

forc

e p

art

icip

ation

ra

te (

LF

PR

) by s

tate

, sex a

nd

age

gro

up

, M

ala

ysia

, 2

01

4r ,

201

5 a

nd

20

16

(co

nt’d

)

(%)

N

eg

eri

Ju

mla

h

2015

S

tate

T

ota

l 15−

19

20−

24

25−

29

30−

34

35−

39

40−

44

45−

49

50−

54

55−

59

60−

64

W

an

ita/

Wo

me

n

54.1

14.1

53.0

72.4

71.6

67.6

66.6

63.0

53.6

39.3

23.3

Johor

50.9

14.1

62.0

70.7

65.0

60.9

59.8

56.1

46.9

35.0

17.1

Ked

ah

51.9

12.5

52.8

72.7

69.1

67.4

65.0

64.3

52.7

43.7

26.0

Kela

nta

n

49.5

11.4

40.5

62.9

65.9

67.2

72.4

69.7

61.6

49.3

30.3

Mela

ka

55.7

15.9

50.4

79.3

71.8

71.4

70.1

65.6

59.1

40.3

27.4

Negeri

Sem

bila

n

50.6

11.8

47.9

73.0

67.8

65.6

64.0

62.4

50.8

37.7

23.6

Pah

ang

51.6

12.5

52.4

71.1

68.0

68.4

63.8

60.0

52.1

43.1

24.5

Pera

k

45.9

13.3

58.9

67.6

66.0

60.2

56.1

50.5

43.2

27.9

13.1

Perl

is

44.5

9.5

43.5

58.6

61.9

63.4

59.1

58.9

52.1

28.1

17.7

Pula

u P

inan

g

59.0

12.3

61.2

81.7

79.2

72.0

66.7

62.6

54.4

42.5

27.8

Sab

ah

51.2

24.5

52.2

58.1

62.5

61.2

61.8

55.8

55.5

43.4

27.9

Sara

wak

52.4

15.8

53.6

63.9

64.7

61.2

66.1

64.9

54.6

45.6

35.1

Sela

ngor

63.4

9.6

53.1

85.0

82.1

76.3

76.1

75.8

60.4

39.1

21.2

Tere

ngganu

44.2

11.3

41.2

59.5

59.2

59.5

59.4

55.2

50.7

33.8

23.9

W.P

. K

ua

la L

um

pur

59.2

8.1

50.5

82.1

80.7

74.2

70.1

60.6

52.6

36.5

19.9

W.P

. Labua

n

45.0

15.6

51.9

54.9

60.4

50.8

55.3

46.0

21.9

28.7

18.9

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

76.3

2.2

62.1

89.6

90.7

92.1

84.2

87.3

71.5

57.1

4.7

L

ela

ki/ M

en

80.6

23.3

74.0

95.9

97.8

97.9

97.3

96.6

92.9

80.2

55.0

Johor

81.5

19.1

79.4

97.2

98.2

98.2

96.9

96.9

92.4

81.0

56.1

Ked

ah

76.8

19.8

72.8

95.7

97.6

96.9

95.9

94.6

92.8

78.8

57.8

Kela

nta

n

74.4

19.0

67.6

95.6

97.1

95.8

94.6

97.1

94.5

84.0

60.7

Mela

ka

77.4

22.4

64.6

96.6

96.6

98.6

96.5

96.4

93.2

79.2

50.3

Negeri

Sem

bila

n

77.9

19.4

73.3

97.7

97.0

98.5

95.4

95.1

93.0

77.3

50.7

Pah

ang

80.6

22.7

76.2

96.4

97.1

98.2

97.1

97.5

94.6

84.1

66.3

Pera

k

76.3

19.6

74.0

94.4

97.6

96.5

95.9

94.2

90.1

71.4

48.5

Perl

is

77.3

21.8

71.7

94.7

97.5

97.1

96.5

97.2

90.6

75.4

54.4

Pula

u P

inan

g

80.6

16.4

71.3

97.6

98.0

97.6

99.1

96.5

89.8

79.3

49.9

Sab

ah

86.1

44.9

86.6

97.5

98.0

98.8

98.8

96.4

95.4

86.0

65.4

Sara

wak

82.7

25.8

79.7

95.3

98.0

97.9

97.5

97.0

96.9

88.4

64.3

Sela

ngor

81.9

16.1

66.6

94.8

98.1

97.7

97.8

97.9

92.4

79.4

48.7

Tere

ngganu

75.1

18.2

69.5

94.1

97.2

96.1

96.6

97.4

92.3

76.2

49.4

W.P

. K

ua

la L

um

pur

81.4

15.7

61.9

94.6

98.3

99.2

97.7

95.8

91.3

76.2

50.2

W.P

. Labua

n

83.6

22.3

78.1

98.7

97.5

99.8

95.3

98.1

92.5

79.0

54.4

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

80.7

6.7

44.9

98.4

99.4

100.0

98.9

98.5

90.6

77.6

20.4

28

Jad

ual

1.4

: K

ad

ar

pen

ye

rtaan

ten

ag

a b

uru

h (

KP

TB

) m

en

gik

ut

neg

eri

, ja

nti

na d

an

ku

mp

ula

n u

mu

r, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014

r , 20

15 d

an

20

16 (

sam

b.)

Ta

ble

1.4

: L

abo

ur

forc

e p

art

icip

ation

ra

te (

LF

PR

) by s

tate

, sex a

nd

age

gro

up

, M

ala

ysia

, 2

01

4r ,

201

5 a

nd

20

16

(co

nt’d

)

(%)

N

eg

eri

Ju

mla

h

2016

S

tate

T

ota

l 15−

19

20−

24

25−

29

30−

34

35−

39

40−

44

45−

49

50−

54

55−

59

60−

64

W

an

ita/

Wo

me

n

54.3

13.7

54.9

76.7

69.6

68.8

64.7

61.4

52.2

39.1

21.7

Johor

49.9

15.3

65.5

71.8

62.5

58.7

58.0

50.0

42.6

33.6

16.1

Ked

ah

51.4

12.2

50.0

70.5

66.6

68.1

66.6

63.4

57.4

42.1

27.1

Kela

nta

n

45.8

8.6

39.6

63.2

61.5

63.4

64.3

62.0

53.6

47.5

25.9

Mela

ka

54.0

13.5

53.4

70.4

75.2

73.5

67.2

61.8

57.9

38.8

18.7

Negeri

Sem

bila

n

51.1

10.9

55.1

75.5

65.2

65.0

58.7

60.9

53.6

37.8

18.6

Pah

ang

50.9

13.4

47.7

68.3

65.5

68.4

67.4

62.7

52.0

40.9

29.2

Pera

k

46.7

12.8

54.2

69.6

62.3

67.0

59.4

51.8

47.0

30.1

17.1

Perl

is

46.3

11.8

47.6

59.4

62.2

71.1

59.4

59.7

49.8

31.4

14.6

Pula

u P

inan

g

57.9

13.4

65.7

78.0

76.3

67.4

68.9

62.0

52.8

39.5

22.4

Sab

ah

54.7

26.4

57.9

76.2

56.7

61.2

58.3

58.3

54.6

44.2

27.9

Sara

wak

51.1

15.0

55.4

65.2

62.0

60.1

60.0

59.9

54.6

46.6

28.9

Sela

ngor

65.4

7.1

56.3

94.0

83.4

82.9

73.4

74.5

55.5

40.6

20.9

Tere

ngganu

43.4

8.7

45.0

58.8

58.1

58.1

58.7

50.8

53.8

29.5

18.8

W.P

. K

ua

la L

um

pur

57.0

8.6

51.1

75.8

77.1

71.1

68.9

63.1

47.9

36.3

13.5

W.P

. Labua

n

47.8

14.0

61.4

63.1

53.7

56.6

49.1

42.8

43.7

32.8

25.8

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

75.0

6.3

53.4

86.4

88.8

90.9

84.8

78.1

73.7

61.1

16.7

L

ela

ki/ M

en

80.2

22.4

74.1

95.3

97.2

97.9

97.4

96.8

92.9

78.7

51.2

Johor

81.4

19.6

79.7

96.7

97.7

98.8

97.8

97.3

92.0

80.9

52.7

Ked

ah

76.5

19.2

75.5

94.1

96.0

97.0

97.3

95.0

92.6

77.0

53.3

Kela

nta

n

72.2

17.0

62.6

94.5

95.4

95.2

94.8

95.6

92.5

84.6

53.6

Mela

ka

76.6

23.9

65.7

92.1

98.8

98.4

96.9

97.2

91.0

74.4

44.9

Negeri

Sem

bila

n

77.2

14.1

71.5

96.4

99.1

98.6

96.1

94.2

90.6

72.1

46.7

Pah

ang

78.8

19.2

69.6

97.3

97.4

98.5

96.3

96.9

94.8

81.3

62.4

Pera

k

76.1

21.1

68.9

94.9

97.7

97.1

95.8

92.9

87.8

76.1

50.7

Perl

is

76.8

21.1

68.8

92.7

96.6

94.7

96.6

93.7

95.1

79.0

59.1

Pula

u P

inan

g

79.9

13.8

74.7

96.1

97.7

98.7

96.4

97.2

91.6

74.1

44.4

Sab

ah

85.4

41.8

88.5

96.1

97.0

97.5

97.8

97.9

95.0

86.8

63.0

Sara

wak

82.4

28.0

79.7

95.7

97.5

98.0

97.1

97.5

95.1

84.7

59.9

Sela

ngor

82.2

15.2

70.5

95.2

97.2

98.5

98.8

98.5

94.0

76.1

44.0

Tere

ngganu

76.2

23.3

74.8

92.5

96.0

93.4

96.9

94.1

94.0

77.4

49.3

W.P

. K

ua

la L

um

pur

78.9

11.6

54.1

92.3

96.7

98.0

98.4

97.5

93.3

71.1

39.6

W.P

. Labua

n

84.9

23.7

88.3

98.0

98.7

97.1

99.1

96.2

94.7

84.1

39.6

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

80.9

8.5

56.5

97.2

99.0

98.8

98.2

100.0

92.2

78.1

15.0

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T

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1

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1

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4

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loye

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P

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3,9

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3,9

22.5

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F

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171.3

71.5

146.7

Ked

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70.0

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79.3

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76.7

154.3

Kela

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73.4

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76.4

113.0

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122.6

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35.6

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58.3

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58.5

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104.7

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134.9

220.7

Sara

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71.9

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Sela

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195.6

234.2

206.1

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254.0

Tere

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2014

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Ked

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5.4

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21.4

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2.6

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Sela

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2014

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1

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1

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86.6

Ked

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27.9

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20.6

93.4

Kela

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Mela

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Negeri

Sem

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3,9

99.7

4,8

15.4

Johor

390.3

496.4

391.9

494.6

378.7

536.5

Ked

ah

223.0

274.2

236.4

273.6

246.3

286.5

Kela

nta

n

180.4

199.0

190.9

218.1

187.3

215.6

Mela

ka

118.5

132.7

120.5

136.0

118.6

136.2

Negeri

Sem

bila

n

133.9

170.7

132.2

171.0

142.9

171.4

Pah

ang

182.7

215.6

184.9

224.2

186.5

235.4

Pera

k

254.1

315.0

262.4

328.0

276.2

346.7

Perl

is

28.7

35.0

28.5

37.2

30.7

36.7

Pula

u P

inan

g

218.7

275.9

219.9

270.3

216.0

266.9

Sab

ah

393.8

469.1

387.7

455.3

430.1

496.8

Sara

wak

269.7

337.1

280.4

341.3

284.7

353.9

Sela

ngor

944.8

1,1

38.4

1,0

23.5

1,1

24.9

1,0

38.2

1,1

59.6

Tere

ngganu

116.4

134.8

120.5

134.9

126.5

146.9

W.P

. K

ua

la L

um

pur

318.6

389.0

322.7

402.2

304.4

395.0

W.P

. Labua

n

12.9

15.4

11.7

14.6

12.1

15.5

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

21.7

16.9

20.9

15.6

20.5

15.9

S

um

be

r: L

ap

ora

n P

en

yia

sa

tan

Te

na

ga

Bu

ruh

, D

OS

M

S

ourc

e: Labour

Fo

rce S

urv

ey R

eport

, D

OS

M

36

Jad

ual

1.1

1:

Pen

dap

ata

n i

si ru

mah

ka

sar

bu

lan

an

pen

en

gah

men

gik

ut

neg

eri

dan

jan

tin

a k

etu

a i

si ru

mah

, M

ala

ysia

, 201

4 d

an

20

16

T

ab

le 1

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: M

ed

ian

mo

nth

ly h

ou

seh

old

gro

ss inco

me

by s

tate

an

d s

ex o

f h

ead

of h

ouse

ho

ld,

Ma

laysia

, 20

14

an

d 2

01

6

(R

M)

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2016

Ju

mla

h

To

tal

Wan

ita

W

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en

Lela

ki

Me

n

Ju

mla

h

To

tal

Wan

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ki

Me

n

Ju

mla

h/

Tota

l

4,5

85

3,7

40

4,7

31

5,2

28

4,1

45

5,4

55

Johor

5,1

97

4,3

46

5,3

15

5,6

52

4,3

76

5,8

24

Ked

ah

3,4

51

2,7

26

3,5

86

3,8

11

2,7

58

3,9

55

Kela

nta

n

2,7

16

2,2

68

2,8

20

3,0

79

2,5

71

3,1

91

Mela

ka

5,0

29

4,3

70

5,1

37

5,5

88

4,1

42

5,8

73

Negeri

Sem

bila

n

4,1

28

3,2

34

4,3

05

4,5

79

3,5

12

4,8

12

Pah

ang

3,3

89

3,0

56

3,4

43

3,9

79

3,6

12

4,0

40

Pera

k

3,4

51

2,7

27

3,6

00

4,0

06

3,1

72

4,1

94

Perl

is

3,5

00

3,0

03

3,5

58

4,2

04

3,2

54

4,3

04

Pula

u P

inan

g

4,7

02

3,9

03

4,8

59

5,4

09

4,1

11

5,7

67

Sab

ah

3,7

45

3,2

54

3,8

56

4,1

10

3,4

63

4,1

44

Sara

wak

3,7

78

3,1

36

3,9

07

4,1

63

3,3

81

4,3

44

Sela

ngor

6,2

14

5,4

55

6,3

76

7,2

25

6,2

31

7,4

21

Tere

ngganu

3,7

77

3,1

46

3,8

88

4,6

94

4,0

06

4,7

82

W.P

. K

ua

la L

um

pur

7,6

20

6,6

95

7,8

50

9,0

73

7,6

40

9,3

67

W.P

. Labua

n

5,6

84

4,4

59

5,9

27

5,9

28

5,4

96

6,0

05

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

7,5

12

5,9

98

7,5

91

8,2

75

5,2

32

8,7

06

S

um

be

r: L

ap

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n P

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sa

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Pe

nd

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ata

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si

Ru

ma

h, D

OS

M

Sourc

e: H

ousehold

Incom

e S

urv

ey R

eport

, D

OS

M

37

Jad

ual

1.1

2:

Pen

du

du

k b

ekerj

a s

eb

ag

ai p

en

gu

rus m

en

gik

ut

neg

eri

dan

jan

tin

a, M

ala

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, 201

4–2

01

6

Ta

ble

1.1

2:

Em

plo

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ers

ons a

s m

an

ag

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by s

tate

an

d s

ex,

Ma

laysia

, 2

01

4–

20

16

('000)

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2015

2016

Wan

ita

W

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ki

Me

n

W

an

ita

W

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en

Lela

ki

Me

n

W

an

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

Me

n

J

um

lah

/ T

ota

l 147.8

516.6

161.9

556.7

134.4

524.1

Johor

8.8

47.1

10.4

48.2

11.3

50.3

Ked

ah

5.6

25.1

4.4

19.0

4.6

21.7

Kela

nta

n

1.6

8.1

2.0

10.1

2.4

10.4

Mela

ka

3.5

13.5

3.8

11.6

2.9

10.8

Negeri

Sem

bila

n

4.5

17.6

3.8

16.8

4.2

15.3

Pah

ang

3.3

10.6

4.0

13.9

2.9

16.5

Pera

k

5.7

30.0

7.5

29.7

6.3

35.4

Perl

is

0.9

2.5

0.4

2.2

0.5

1.7

Pula

u P

inan

g

13.6

37.7

9.4

31.6

11.5

37.1

Sab

ah

12.2

43.6

10.9

42.2

8.4

46.9

Sara

wak

7.8

34.6

6.7

32.9

3.9

25.6

Sela

ngor

59.3

179.1

77.0

223.0

54.9

181.4

Tere

ngganu

2.3

9.5

2.5

9.1

3.5

11.8

W.P

. K

ua

la L

um

pur

17.2

54.8

17.2

63.4

16.6

57.0

W.P

. Labua

n

0.4

1.1

0.3

1.1

0.4

1.3

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

1.1

1.7

1.5

1.7

0.2

0.9

S

um

be

r: L

ap

ora

n P

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sa

tan

Te

na

ga

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, D

OS

M

S

ourc

e: Labour

Fo

rce S

urv

ey R

eport

, D

OS

M

38

Jad

ual

1.1

3:

Pen

du

du

k b

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a s

eb

ag

ai p

rofe

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nal d

an

pe

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ekn

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men

gik

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neg

eri

dan

jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 201

4–

201

6

Ta

ble

1.1

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plo

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d s

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laysia

, 2

014

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16

('000)

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2015

2016

Wan

ita

W

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ki

Me

n

W

an

ita

W

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en

Lela

ki

Me

n

W

an

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W

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en

Lela

ki

Me

n

J

um

lah

/ T

ota

l 1,2

18

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1,5

25

.7

1,3

02

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1,5

66

.7

1,4

25

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1,7

83

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Johor

1

28

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1

81

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1

19

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1

67

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1

28

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1

80

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Ked

ah

61

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72

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65

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72

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74

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82

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Kela

nta

n

48

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41

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50

.9

46

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56

.9

53

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Mela

ka

37

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43

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41

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52

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43

.9

51

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Negeri

Sem

bila

n

40

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51

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40

.8

52

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47

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61

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ang

46

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54

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Pera

k

71

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82

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75

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96

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92

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1

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Perl

is

7.8

6.9

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8.2

10

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Pula

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g

78

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1

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89

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1

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99

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Sab

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84

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96

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96

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Sara

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74

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94

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83

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Sela

ngor

3

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02

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4

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5

11

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4

46

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5

91

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Tere

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40

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W.P

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ua

la L

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1

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1

46

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1

18

.9

1

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1

24

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1

63

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W.P

. Labua

n

3.0

4.9

2.8

6.1

3.5

5.9

W.P

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utr

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ya

8.5

6.9

7.8

8.0

11

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9.9

S

um

be

r: L

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M

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Fo

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urv

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OS

M

39

Jad

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1.1

4:

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ga

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gu

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r

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8.3

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9

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4

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15–1

9

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16.5

13.3

13.7

11.9

20–2

4

26.1

22.8

22.9

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9

19.4

19.2

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17.7

16.7

16.7

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4

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13.8

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13.9

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14.9

35–3

9

8.9

8.5

11.2

10.2

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11.3

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4

6.2

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7.2

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9

4.5

4.7

4.8

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5.7

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4

3.0

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9

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1.7

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2.3

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4

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65 d

an

leb

ih

65

and

ove

r

0.2

**

0.9

*

0.5

* 0.7

*

0.7

* 1.5

*Pe

rlu

dig

un

ak

an

de

ng

an

berh

ati

-ha

ti k

era

na r

ala

t p

ers

am

pe

lan

ya

ng

tin

gg

i S

um

be

r: S

uru

ha

nja

ya

Ko

mu

nik

as

i d

an

Mu

ltim

ed

ia M

ala

ys

ia

Should

be u

sed w

ith c

autio

n d

ue to h

igh s

am

plin

g e

rror

S

ourc

e: M

ala

ysia

n C

om

munic

ations a

nd M

ultim

edia

Com

mis

sio

n

**D

ian

gg

ap

te

rla

lu t

ida

k b

ole

h d

ipe

rca

ya

i u

ntu

k k

eg

un

aan

um

um

ke

ran

a r

ala

t p

ers

am

pe

lan

ya

ng

tin

gg

i

Consid

ere

d too u

nre

liable

for

genera

l use d

ue t

o r

eally

hig

h s

am

plin

g e

rror

Ju

mla

h c

am

pu

ran

mu

ng

kin

be

rbe

za

ke

ran

a p

em

bu

nd

ara

n

Th

e a

dded t

ota

l m

ay d

iffe

r due to r

oundin

g

42

Jad

ual

1.1

7:

Pe

ratu

s p

en

gg

un

a t

ele

fon

bim

bit

men

gik

ut

ku

mp

ula

n u

mu

r d

an

jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014

–2

016

Ta

ble

1.1

7:

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

mob

ile p

hon

e u

se

rs b

y a

ge

gro

up a

nd

se

x,

Ma

laysia

, 20

14

–2

016

(%)

Ku

mp

ula

n u

mu

r A

ge

gro

up

2014

2015

2016

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

Me

n

W

an

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

Me

n

W

an

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

Me

n

Baw

ah

15

Under

15

2.8

1.1

*

2.3

0.9

*

0.5

* 0.7

15–1

9

11.1

10.3

11.1

10.4

11.4

10.2

20–2

4

18.8

18.7

20.6

17.1

17.6

15.6

25–2

9

15.6

16.9

13.8

17.1

13.3

15.1

30–3

4

12.9

12.5

13.0

13.5

13.1

12.4

35–3

9

9.8

10.1

9.6

10.8

8.3

10.5

40–4

4

8.7

7.9

7.7

7.7

8.1

8.5

45–4

9

7.8

6.7

6.2

7.2

7.7

7.6

50–5

4

4.4

4.8

5.7

4.8

6.3

6.5

55–5

9

4.6

4.8

4.0

3.8

5.3

4.4

60–6

4

1.5

3.7

2.9

3.5

4.2

4.5

65 d

an

leb

ih

65 a

nd o

ver

1.9

2.5

3.1

3.1

4.2

4.5

*Pe

rlu

dig

un

ak

an

de

ng

an

berh

ati

-ha

ti k

era

na r

ala

t p

ers

am

pe

lan

ya

ng

tin

gg

i S

um

be

r: S

uru

ha

nja

ya

Ko

mu

nik

as

i d

an

Mu

ltim

ed

ia M

ala

ys

ia

Should

be u

sed w

ith c

autio

n d

ue to h

igh s

am

plin

g e

rror

S

ourc

e: M

ala

ysia

n C

om

munic

ations a

nd M

ultim

edia

Com

mis

sio

n

Ju

mla

h c

am

pu

ran

mu

ng

kin

be

rbe

za

ke

ran

a p

em

bu

nd

ara

n

T

he a

dded t

ota

l m

ay d

iffe

r due to r

oundin

g

43

Jad

ual

1.1

8:

Pe

ratu

s k

etu

a isi

rum

ah

men

gik

ut

pera

lata

n y

an

g d

imilik

i, M

ala

ysia

, 20

12,

201

4 d

an

2016

Ta

ble

1.1

8:

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

he

ad

of

ho

use

hold

by ite

m o

wne

d, M

ala

ysia

, 2

012

, 20

14

an

d 2

01

6

(%)

Ketu

a isi

rum

ah

H

ea

d o

f h

ouse

ho

ld

2012

2014

2016

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

Me

n

W

an

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

Me

n

W

an

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

Me

n

Rad

io/ H

i-fi

63.6

69.9

78.2

84.0

83.5

90.3

Tele

vis

yen

96.2

97.9

96.8

97.9

98.3

96.9

T

ele

vis

ion

Lan

gg

an

an

In

tern

et

di ru

mah

31.0

40.1

38.4

45.4

67.3

77.7

S

ub

scri

ptio

n o

f In

tern

et

at h

om

e

Su

mb

er:

La

po

ran

Pen

yia

sa

tan

Pe

nd

ap

ata

n d

an

Ke

mu

dah

an

As

as

, D

OS

M

Sourc

e: R

eport

on H

ousehold

Expenditure

Surv

ey M

ala

ysia

, D

OS

M

44

Jad

ual

1.1

9:

Nis

bah

tan

gg

un

gan

, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014–2

016

T

ab

le 1

.19

: D

epe

nd

en

cy r

atio

, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014

–20

16

Nis

bah

tan

gg

un

gan

D

ep

en

de

ncy r

atio

2014

2015

2016

Ju

mla

h

44.8

44.5

4

4.0

T

ota

l

Um

ur

mu

da

36.7

36.0

35.3

Y

ou

ng

ag

e

Um

ur

tua

8.2

8.4

8.7

O

ld a

ge

S

um

be

r: A

ng

ga

ran

Pe

nd

ud

uk

Se

mas

a, M

ala

ys

ia,

20

16

& 2

01

7,

DO

SM

Sourc

e: C

urr

ent

Popula

tio

n E

stim

ate

s, M

ala

ysia

, 2016 &

2017, D

OS

M

45

Jad

ual

1.2

0:

Bilan

gan

kan

ak

-kan

ak d

i b

aw

ah

task

a b

erd

aft

ar

Jab

ata

n K

eb

aji

kan

Masya

rak

at

men

gik

ut

neg

eri

dan

ku

mp

ula

n u

mu

r, M

ala

ysia

, 201

4–

201

6

Ta

ble

1.2

0:

Num

be

r o

f ch

ildre

n w

ith

re

gis

tere

d c

hild

ca

re c

en

tre

De

pa

rtm

en

t of

Socia

l W

elfa

re b

y s

tate

an

d a

ge

gro

up,

Ma

laysia

, 2

01

4–2

01

6

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2015

2016

0–3

3–4

4–6

0–3

3–

4

4–6

0–

3

3–4

4–6

Mala

ysia

34,8

52

27,2

23

6,3

57

38,1

34

29,3

05

6,8

30

43,2

21

33,8

94

7,6

09

Johor

2,1

36

1,7

91

397

2,3

50

1,9

69

413

2,5

19

2,1

21

433

Ked

ah

2,4

70

1,7

53

256

2,5

09

1,7

86

259

2,6

64

2,0

64

259

Kela

nta

n

1,3

16

818

137

1,3

26

818

137

1,4

62

909

138

Mela

ka

1,1

89

617

199

1,4

67

776

271

1,6

95

892

373

Negeri

Sem

bila

n

1,4

09

638

440

1,8

71

716

461

2,0

08

831

539

Pah

ang

2,7

05

1,4

01

272

2,9

67

1,5

24

328

3,3

04

1,8

53

384

Pera

k

2,7

53

2,3

28

665

2,8

21

2,3

78

679

3,1

47

2,6

96

738

Perl

is

398

195

62

423

206

62

508

268

68

Pula

u P

inan

g

1,6

20

2,0

66

0

1,7

50

2,2

00

0

1,9

86

2,4

94

0

Sab

ah

2,2

06

2,9

11

338

2,7

08

3,2

64

349

3,3

20

3,7

49

485

Sara

wak

1,4

03

1,0

97

119

1,5

33

1,1

98

149

1,7

04

1,4

07

199

Sela

ngor

8,6

77

6,6

83

2,8

50

9,5

12

7,4

07

3,0

62

10,3

42

8,1

43

3,2

49

Tere

ngganu

2,2

40

1,2

90

161

4,3

72

3,5

45

437

2,8

66

1,6

21

191

W.P

. K

ua

la L

um

pur

4,1

40

3,4

51

407

2,3

17

1,3

20

162

5,4

39

4,5

62

484

W.P

. Labua

n

190

184

54

208

198

61

257

284

69

Su

mb

er:

Ja

ba

tan

Ke

ba

jik

an

Ma

sya

rak

at

Sourc

e: D

epart

ment

of S

ocia

l W

elfare

Muka surat ini sengaja dibiarkan kosong. This page is deliberately left blank.

PENDIDIKAN EDUCATION

47

Jad

ual

2.1

: K

ad

ar

lite

rasi

men

gik

ut

neg

eri

, ja

nti

na d

an

ku

mp

ula

n u

mu

r, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014

–20

16

Ta

ble

2.1

: L

ite

racy r

ate

by s

tate

, sex a

nd

ag

e g

rou

p, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014–

20

16

(%)

Neg

eri

2014

2015

2016

Wan

ita

L

ela

ki

Wan

ita

L

ela

ki

Wan

ita

L

ela

ki

S

tate

W

om

en

Me

n

W

om

en

Me

n

W

om

en

Me

n

15–2

4

15–

64

15–2

4

15–6

4

15–2

4

15–6

4

15–

24

15–6

4

15–2

4

15–6

4

15–2

4

15–6

4

Mala

ysia

97.7

95.9

97.4

97.3

97.5

95.8

96.4

96.8

97.8

96.3

97.4

97.2

Johor

99.1

98.0

99.1

98.8

99.0

97.2

97.7

98.0

99.6

97.8

99.0

98.5

K

edah

97.4

95.7

98.7

98.1

97.6

96.2

96.5

96.9

98.4

96.8

97.4

97.2

K

ela

nta

n

98.7

94.3

98.7

96.6

97.9

93.9

97.6

95.7

98.0

93.9

98.0

95.6

M

ela

ka

99.4

98.1

99.4

99.0

99.1

97.5

98.8

98.6

99.6

98.3

99.4

99.2

N

eg

eri S

em

bila

n

99.5

97.3

99.6

98.3

98.7

97.4

98.7

98.7

98.8

97.9

99.5

99.0

P

ahan

g

98.8

96.4

98.7

97.9

99.0

95.5

98.9

97.4

98.8

96.3

98.8

97.6

P

era

k

98.5

96.8

99.2

98.3

99.0

97.1

97.8

97.5

99.1

97.4

98.9

98.4

P

erl

is

99.1

96.7

99.3

98.3

99.2

97.2

99.1

98.9

99.7

97.3

98.9

97.9

P

ula

u P

ina

ng

99.6

98.1

99.5

98.8

99.5

98.3

99.8

99.5

99.2

98.3

98.9

99.0

S

abah

90.1

89.0

87.8

90.8

88.9

88.1

86.0

89.1

91.0

90.1

89.5

91.1

S

ara

wak

99.0

91.9

99.4

96.2

98.8

92.2

99.0

96.3

99.5

93.2

99.4

96.5

S

ela

ngor

99.6

98.4

99.4

99.2

99.9

98.8

98.4

98.9

99.0

98.5

98.6

98.9

T

ere

nggan

u

98.4

96.3

98.0

96.6

99.2

97.0

97.9

97.2

99.0

97.0

98.6

97.2

W

.P. K

ua

la L

um

pur

99.6

98.4

99.3

98.8

99.2

98.9

98.9

99.2

99.2

99.0

99.7

99.6

W

.P. Labu

an

96.5

94.4

94.6

95.9

94.1

93.6

95.6

96.9

93.7

95.0

97.2

96.9

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

1

00.0

1

00.0

9

9.8

1

00

.0

9

9.7

9

9.6

9

6.9

9

9.3

99

.5

99

.9

10

0.0

1

00

.0

Kad

ar

ce

lik

hu

ruf

pe

nd

ud

uk

dik

ira

be

rda

sa

rka

n p

rok

si

pen

du

du

k d

ala

m P

en

yia

sa

tan

Te

na

ga B

uru

h b

eru

mu

r

15

–2

4 t

ah

un

da

n 1

5–6

4 t

ah

un

ya

ng

be

rse

ko

lah

ata

u t

am

at

pe

rsek

ola

ha

n (

pe

nd

idik

an

ra

sm

i).

Su

mb

er:

La

po

ran

Pen

yia

sa

tan

Te

na

ga

Bu

ruh

, D

OS

M

Sourc

e: Labour

Fo

rce S

urv

ey R

eport

, D

OS

M

Th

e litera

cy r

ate

of th

e p

opula

tio

n is c

alc

ula

ted b

ased o

n t

he p

roxy o

f th

e p

opula

tio

n o

f th

e L

abour

Fo

rce S

urv

ey, aged 1

5–24 y

ears

old

and 1

5–64 y

ears

old

who a

re s

choolin

g o

r has c

om

ple

ted s

choolin

g (

form

al educatio

n).

48

Jad

ual

2.2

: B

ilan

gan

en

rolm

en

peri

ng

kat

ren

dah

da

n m

en

en

gah

di

seko

lah

kera

jaan

& b

an

tuan

ke

raja

an

men

gik

ut

neg

eri

dan

jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 20

14–

20

16

Ta

ble

2.2

: N

um

be

r o

f e

nro

lmen

t a

t pri

ma

ry a

nd

seco

nda

ry leve

l in

go

ve

rnm

en

t &

go

ve

rnm

en

t a

ide

d s

ch

oo

ls b

y s

tate

an

d s

ex, M

ala

ysia

, 20

14–

201

6

Neg

eri

2014

2015

a

2016

Wan

ita

L

ela

ki

Wan

ita

L

ela

ki

Wan

ita

L

ela

ki

S

tate

W

om

en

Me

n

W

om

en

Me

n

W

om

en

Me

n

Ren

dah

M

en

en

gah

R

en

dah

M

en

en

gah

R

en

dah

M

en

en

gah

R

en

dah

M

en

en

gah

R

en

dah

M

en

en

gah

R

en

dah

M

en

en

gah

P

rim

ary

S

eco

nd

ary

P

rim

ary

S

eco

nd

ary

Pri

ma

ry

Se

co

nd

ary

P

rim

ary

S

eco

nd

ary

Pri

ma

ry

Se

co

nd

ary

P

rim

ary

S

eco

nd

ary

Mala

ysia

1,3

16,8

56

1,0

78,1

77

1,3

92,4

84

1,0

81,7

29

1,3

05,2

26

1,0

42,7

87

1,3

78,7

66

1,0

29,3

75

1,3

06,6

00

1,0

27,9

30

1,3

77,1

53

1,0

21,1

00

Johor

161,5

15

133,1

24

171,1

08

133,7

13

159,6

14

128,3

79

169,1

65

127,1

55

159,2

16

127,0

26

168,6

99

126,7

52

K

edah

95,6

97

83,3

88

99,7

15

81,4

77

94,1

61

81,2

23

97,9

53

77,1

09

93,7

03

79,1

29

97,2

37

75,8

86

K

ela

nta

n

87,4

69

68,5

50

91,2

03

67,9

77

85,8

98

65,1

74

89,7

22

63,7

58

84,6

66

63,2

55

88,4

03

62,2

29

M

ela

ka

39,5

17

34,3

73

41,6

49

35,1

58

39,4

15

33,3

31

41,5

03

33,4

91

39,6

16

32,7

57

41,4

70

33,2

14

N

eg

eri S

em

bila

n

50,2

36

44,1

79

53,0

18

45,4

68

49,8

89

42,7

57

52,4

08

42,9

00

49,5

26

42,3

75

52,1

80

42,3

58

P

ahan

g

71,4

73

54,8

85

75,7

42

56,4

62

70,0

65

52,5

67

74,3

04

53,1

22

70,4

51

51,6

74

74,5

35

52,6

23

P

era

k

102,8

66

96,2

89

108,0

53

97,4

10

100,1

90

91,7

25

105,4

02

90,7

97

99,4

78

88,8

09

104,2

05

88,4

51

P

erl

is

11,2

81

10,6

33

11,9

26

10,5

72

11,1

78

10,3

05

11,8

25

10,1

26

11,1

15

10,0

40

11,8

35

9,9

52

P

ula

u P

ina

ng

65,6

76

57,7

32

69,4

93

57,2

30

64,7

36

55,2

20

68,2

12

54,1

68

64,3

90

54,2

30

67,9

08

53,5

82

S

abah

129,0

45

97,3

52

136,9

32

98,0

96

130,0

39

96,0

23

137,9

36

95,2

00

131,4

18

96,4

45

139,2

56

96,5

53

S

ara

wak

120,8

24

97,2

79

129,8

97

97,4

76

119,7

32

94,7

85

128,4

90

93,6

99

119,6

56

94,6

14

127,9

33

94,4

44

S

ela

ngor

248,6

55

191,9

63

264,6

61

190,9

23

247,7

10

187,0

67

262,7

79

183,2

82

249,1

42

185,5

12

263,6

36

182,3

22

T

ere

nggan

u

60,0

06

53,2

49

63,0

71

52,4

46

59,7

17

51,1

94

62,9

41

49,5

92

60,5

49

49,9

78

63,3

13

48,8

56

W

.P. K

ua

la L

um

pur1

68,6

73

52,1

76

71,8

24

54,2

97

68,8

52

50,1

50

71,8

47

52,0

39

69,4

70

49,2

22

72,1

25

50,8

54

W

.P. Labu

an

3,9

23

3,0

05

4,1

92

3,0

24

4,0

30

2,8

87

4,2

79

2,9

37

4,2

04

2,8

64

4,4

18

3,0

24

Data

sep

ert

i p

ad

a 3

0 J

un

Su

mb

er:

Ke

me

nte

rian

Pe

nd

idik

an

Ma

lays

ia

D

ata

as a

t 30 J

une

Sourc

e: M

inis

try o

f E

ducatio

n, M

ala

ysia

a D

ata

se

pe

rti p

ad

a 3

1 O

kto

be

r 2

01

5

Data

as a

t 31st

Octo

ber

2015

1 T

erm

as

uk

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

In

clu

ded W

.P. P

utr

aja

ya

49

Jad

ual

2.3

: B

ilan

gan

en

rolm

en

peri

ng

kat

tert

iari

me

ng

iku

t n

eg

eri

dan

jan

tin

a,

Mala

ysia

, 2

014

–20

16

Ta

ble

2.3

: N

um

be

r o

f e

nro

lmen

t a

t te

rtia

ry le

ve

l by s

tate

an

d s

ex, M

ala

ysia

, 20

14

–2

016

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2015

2016

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

Me

n

W

an

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

Me

n

W

an

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

Me

n

Mala

ysia

664,6

29

502,4

48

675,4

81

560,6

83

737,7

71

609,0

87

Johor

35,6

06

37,2

72

35,0

88

36,2

79

34,6

32

34,7

38

K

edah

29,5

38

23,2

59

33,1

85

25,1

88

29,7

80

21,8

27

K

ela

nta

n

15,0

88

9,5

52

15,1

42

8,8

71

15,2

15

8,2

97

M

ela

ka

26,8

51

27,9

13

19,1

19

22,2

13

23,0

20

23,1

32

N

eg

eri S

em

bila

n

22,8

10

16,3

69

22,2

46

18,4

57

24,9

40

18,0

99

P

ahan

g

17,5

69

16,0

28

18,0

03

16,2

81

17,7

63

15,8

53

P

era

k

40,9

34

28,7

92

38,1

49

33,0

63

38,9

22

34,0

06

P

erl

is

9,5

74

8,4

83

10,0

01

8,9

49

10,1

87

8,9

92

P

ula

u P

ina

ng

34,5

14

26,6

02

38,9

24

28,7

68

34,0

75

25,2

52

S

abah

19,6

70

13,6

08

17,0

60

12,7

92

18,3

03

12,1

10

S

ara

wak

22,8

50

16,7

68

22,9

03

16,6

32

25,9

13

19,6

25

S

ela

ngor

260,3

43

168,9

38

256,5

03

197,6

50

250,0

67

200,5

61

T

ere

nggan

u

18,6

29

15,1

13

20,4

47

14,5

08

20,5

39

13,8

76

W

.P. K

ua

la L

um

pur

108,4

24

88,1

95

128,3

36

120,3

75

193,8

57

171,7

74

W

.P. Labu

an

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

.P. P

utr

aja

ya

2,2

29

5,5

56

375

657

558

945

Su

mb

er:

Ke

me

nte

rian

Pe

nd

idik

an

Tin

gg

i M

ala

ys

ia

Sourc

e: M

inis

try o

f H

igher

Education,

Ma

laysia

50

Jad

ual

2.4

: In

de

ks p

ari

ti g

en

der,

Mala

ysia

, 2

014

–20

16

Ta

ble

2.4

: G

en

de

r p

arity

in

de

x,

Ma

laysia

, 2

01

4–

20

16

Ind

eks p

ari

ti g

en

de

r 2014

2015

2016

G

en

de

r pa

rity

ind

ex

Peri

ng

kat

ren

dah

/ P

rim

ary

le

ve

l 1.0

02

1.0

01

1.0

10

Peri

ng

kat

men

en

gah

/ S

eco

nd

ary

level

1.0

67

1.0

83

1.0

64

Peri

ng

kat

tert

iari

/ T

ert

iary

le

ve

l 1.4

52

1.3

14

1.3

20

S

um

be

r: K

em

en

teri

an

Pe

nd

idik

an

Tin

gg

i M

ala

ys

ia

S

ourc

e: M

inis

try o

f H

igher

Education,

Ma

laysia

S

um

be

r: K

em

en

teri

an

Pe

nd

idik

an

Ma

lays

ia

S

ourc

e: M

inis

try o

f E

ducatio

n, M

ala

ysia

51

Jad

ual

2.5

: B

ilan

gan

en

rolm

en

men

gik

ut

bid

an

g p

en

gajian

di in

sti

tusi p

en

did

ikan

tin

gg

i d

an

jan

tin

a,

Mala

ysia

, 20

14

–20

16

Ta

ble

2.5

: N

um

be

r o

f e

nro

lmen

t b

y f

ield

of

stu

dy a

t h

ighe

r e

du

ca

tio

n in

stitu

tio

n a

nd s

ex,

Ma

laysia

, 2

014

–20

16

Bid

an

g p

en

gaji

an

2014

2015

2016

F

ield

of stu

dy

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Ju

mla

h

614,3

01

442,6

10

621,5

62

500,0

04

680,3

81

546,6

94

T

ota

l

Pro

gra

m A

sas

Ge

ne

ral P

rog

ram

me

s

Un

ivers

iti

Aw

am

/ P

ub

lic U

niv

ers

ity

95

54

763

343

992

433

Un

ivers

iti

Pen

gaji

an

Tin

gg

i S

wasta

/ P

riva

te H

igh

er

Edu

ca

tio

n In

stitu

te

17,0

26

14,9

79

23,9

11

25,3

22

16,4

41

17,6

68

Pen

did

ikan

Ed

uca

tio

n

Un

ivers

iti

Aw

am

/ P

ub

lic U

niv

ers

ity

36,4

55

14,9

05

28,3

83

10,9

80

24,8

87

9,8

84

Un

ivers

iti

Pen

gaji

an

Tin

gg

i S

wasta

/ P

riva

te H

igh

er

Edu

ca

tio

n In

stitu

te

34,1

51

9,8

76

28,1

60

8,5

94

65,4

91

23,2

66

Saste

ra d

an

Kem

an

usia

an

Art

s a

nd

Hu

ma

nitie

s

Un

ivers

iti

Aw

am

/ P

ub

lic U

niv

ers

ity

32,5

71

18,5

43

32,4

77

18,0

54

32,5

48

17,7

48

Un

ivers

iti

Pen

gaji

an

Tin

gg

i S

wasta

/ P

riva

te H

igh

er

Edu

ca

tio

n In

stitu

te

21,5

14

19,0

56

23,7

38

25,0

17

23,5

02

24,4

82

Sain

s S

os

ial, P

ern

iag

aan

dan

Pe

run

dan

gan

So

cia

l S

cie

nces,

Busin

ess a

nd L

aw

Un

ivers

iti

Aw

am

/ P

ub

lic U

niv

ers

ity

125,9

39

60,8

41

118,7

49

55,7

92

119,1

55

54,6

82

Un

ivers

iti

Pen

gaji

an

Tin

gg

i S

wasta

/ P

riva

te H

igh

er

Edu

ca

tio

n In

stitu

te

115,9

78

77,3

60

123,1

72

109,0

06

144,7

47

132,8

22

Sain

s, M

ate

mati

k d

an

Ko

mp

ute

r

Scie

nce

, M

ath

em

atics a

nd

Com

pu

tin

g

Un

ivers

iti

Aw

am

/ P

ub

lic U

niv

ers

ity

53,0

28

30,2

12

53,7

40

29,2

36

52,5

88

28,4

74

Un

ivers

iti

Pen

gaji

an

Tin

gg

i S

wasta

/ P

riva

te H

igh

er

Edu

ca

tio

n In

stitu

te

15,1

16

28,5

20

15,3

89

37,2

84

19,6

69

42,0

55

52

Jad

ual

2.5

: B

ilan

gan

en

rolm

en

men

gik

ut

bid

an

g p

en

gajian

di in

sti

tusi p

en

did

ikan

tin

gg

i d

an

jan

tin

a,

Mala

ysia

, 20

14

–20

16 (

sa

mb

.)

Ta

ble

2.5

: N

um

be

r o

f e

nro

lmen

t b

y f

ield

of

stu

dy a

t h

ighe

r e

du

ca

tio

n in

stitu

tio

n a

nd s

ex,

Ma

laysia

, 2

014

–20

16

(co

nt'd

)

Bid

an

g P

en

gajian

2014

2015

2016

F

ield

of

Stu

dy

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Keju

rute

raan

, P

em

bu

ata

n d

an

Pe

mb

inaan

En

gin

ee

ring

, M

an

ufa

ctu

ring

and

Co

nstr

uctio

n

Un

ivers

iti

Aw

am

/ P

ub

lic U

niv

ers

ity

54,3

19

69,2

39

56,3

82

68,3

57

58,4

11

69,2

65

Un

ivers

iti

Pen

gaji

an

Tin

gg

i S

wasta

/ P

riva

te H

igh

er

Edu

ca

tio

n In

stitu

te

14,1

79

47,9

90

24,3

47

50,7

45

20,6

57

63,3

14

Pert

an

ian

dan

Vete

rin

ar

Ag

ricultu

re a

nd

Ve

terin

ary

Un

ivers

iti

Aw

am

/ P

ub

lic U

niv

ers

ity

8,0

57

6,0

52

8,4

67

6,1

41

7,7

10

5,2

73

Un

ivers

iti

Pen

gaji

an

Tin

gg

i S

wasta

/ P

riva

te H

igh

er

Edu

ca

tio

n In

stitu

te

2,7

56

1,9

70

217

4,7

01

1,4

76

1,2

77

Kesih

ata

n d

an

Keb

ajik

an

Hea

lth

an

d W

elfa

re

Un

ivers

iti

Aw

am

/ P

ub

lic U

niv

ers

ity

24,7

94

9,5

25

24,5

47

9,2

23

23,8

23

8,9

06

Un

ivers

iti

Pen

gaji

an

Tin

gg

i S

wasta

/ P

riva

te H

igh

er

Edu

ca

tio

n In

stitu

te

32,4

05

11,1

16

31,5

42

12,9

66

41,0

10

15,5

71

Perk

hid

mata

n

Se

rvic

es

Un

ivers

iti

Aw

am

/ P

ub

lic U

niv

ers

ity

11,2

14

7,3

43

11,7

46

7,2

58

10,0

96

7,1

74

Un

ivers

iti

Pen

gaji

an

Tin

gg

i S

wasta

/ P

riva

te H

igh

er

Edu

ca

tio

n In

stitu

te

14,7

04

15,0

29

15,8

32

20,9

85

17,1

78

24,4

00

Su

mb

er:

Ke

me

nte

rian

Pe

nd

idik

an

Tin

gg

i M

ala

ys

ia

Sourc

e: M

inis

try o

f H

igher

Education,

Ma

laysia

53

Jad

ual

2.6

: B

ilan

gan

sta

f akad

em

ik d

an

pela

jar

di

insti

tusi p

en

did

ikan

tin

gg

i m

en

gik

ut

jan

tin

a,

Mala

ys

ia, 2

014

–20

16

Ta

ble

2.6

: N

um

be

r o

f a

ca

de

mic

sta

ff a

nd

stu

de

nts

in h

igh

er

ed

ucatio

n institu

tion

s b

y s

ex,

Ma

laysia

, 2

01

4–2

01

6

Jen

is in

sti

tusi p

en

did

ikan

tin

gg

i 2014

2015

2016

T

yp

e o

f hig

her

edu

ca

tio

n institu

tio

n

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

Me

n

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

Me

n

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

Me

n

Un

ivers

iti

Aw

am

Pu

blic

Un

ive

rsity

Sta

f A

kad

em

ik/

Aca

de

mic

Sta

ff

16,8

72

15,0

45

17,0

81

14,7

96

17,2

98

14,4

14

Pela

jar/

Stu

de

nt

346,4

72

216,7

14

335,2

54

205,3

84

330,2

10

201,8

39

Po

lite

kn

ik

Po

lyte

chn

ic

Sta

f A

kad

em

ik/

Aca

de

mic

Sta

ff

4,1

72

2,9

88

4,3

31

3,0

60

4,3

73

3,0

69

Pela

jar/

Stu

de

nt

43,0

58

49,1

23

46,1

84

49,8

85

48,7

27

50,8

24

Ko

lej K

om

un

iti

Com

mun

ity c

olle

ge

Sta

f A

kad

em

ik/

Aca

de

mic

Sta

ff

1,6

59

1,0

68

1,6

48

1,0

48

1,6

45

1,0

68

Pela

jar/

Stu

de

nt

7,2

70

10,7

15

7,7

35

10,7

94

8,6

63

11,5

69

Insti

tut

Pen

did

ikan

Gu

ru 1

Institu

te o

f T

ea

ch

er

Edu

catio

n

Sta

f A

kad

em

ik/

Aca

de

mic

Sta

ff

1,5

85

1,9

04

1

,35

7

1,5

97

1,4

44

1,7

40

Pela

jar/

Stu

de

nt

27,1

36

1

0,7

10

2

1,8

38

8

,81

2

11,6

39

4,0

13

Un

ivers

iti

Pen

gaji

an

Tin

gg

i S

wasta

Private

Hig

her

Educa

tion I

nstitu

te

Sta

f A

kad

em

ik/

Aca

de

mic

Sta

ff

18,5

39

17,6

46

12,2

89

22,4

61

16,1

92

14,6

53

Pela

jar/

Stu

de

nt

267,8

29

225,8

96

286,3

08

294,6

20

347,2

96

343,5

93

1 T

erm

as

uk

Pu

sa

t P

en

ga

jia

n B

ah

as

a In

gg

eri

s

Su

mb

er:

Ke

me

nte

rian

Pe

nd

idik

an

Tin

gg

i M

ala

ys

ia

Inclu

ded E

nglis

h L

anguage T

eachin

g C

entr

es

Sourc

e: M

inis

try o

f H

igher

Education,

Ma

laysia

54

Jad

ual

2.7

: K

ad

ar

en

rolm

en

kas

ar

peri

ng

kat

ren

da

h m

en

gik

ut

neg

eri

dan

ja

nti

na, M

ala

ys

ia,

201

4–

201

6

Ta

ble

2.7

: G

ross e

nro

lme

nt

rate

at

prim

ary

le

ve

l by s

tate

an

d s

ex, M

ala

ysia

, 20

14

–2

016

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2015

2016

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

M

en

Mala

ysia

97.9

5

97.9

3

97.2

2

97.0

8

97.7

3

96.7

8

Johor

99.6

4

99.4

2

98.5

1

98.4

2

99.2

8

98.4

1

K

edah

99.3

0

99.7

1

98.7

5

99.0

9

98.2

6

97.8

6

K

ela

nta

n

87.4

9

87.1

5

86.9

1

86.6

1

86.2

3

85.2

7

M

ela

ka

101.5

5

101.7

6

101.3

4

101.6

3

102.6

2

102.3

0

N

eg

eri S

em

bila

n

103.5

9

103.6

1

102.3

6

102.1

9

103.5

2

102.8

0

P

ahan

g

98.5

6

98.6

1

97.4

9

97.7

2

98.7

7

97.8

4

P

era

k

94.9

8

95.1

1

94.8

8

95.0

4

95.7

7

95.1

5

P

erl

is

98.2

1

101.3

1

98.9

2

101.0

5

98.4

5

99.5

6

P

ula

u P

ina

ng

102.3

6

102.4

8

102.4

6

102.0

3

102.8

5

101.5

2

S

abah

99.6

0

99.1

9

98.7

9

98.1

9

97.4

5

96.0

8

S

ara

wak

98.1

5

98.4

7

97.8

1

98.0

1

98.4

5

97.9

1

S

ela

ngor

99.2

7

99.4

0

97.2

0

96.9

7

96.3

8

95.3

4

T

ere

nggan

u

92.5

9

92.3

3

92.0

2

91.8

6

92.7

8

91.6

5

W

.P. K

ua

la L

um

pur1

98.1

2

97.0

1

100.2

0

98.9

7

103.1

2

100.7

7

W

.P. Labu

an

91.3

9

89.8

2

91.5

9

91.2

3

188.5

0

188.0

4

1 T

erm

as

uk

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

S

um

be

r: K

em

en

teri

an

Pe

nd

idik

an

Ma

lays

ia

In

clu

ded W

.P. P

utr

aja

ya

S

ourc

e: M

inis

try o

f E

ducatio

n, M

ala

ysia

55

Jad

ual

2.8

: K

ad

ar

en

rolm

en

kas

ar

peri

ng

kat

men

en

gah

men

gik

ut

neg

eri

da

n jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 20

14

–2016

Ta

ble

2.8

: G

ross e

nro

lme

nt

rate

at se

co

nd

ary

le

ve

l by s

tate

an

d s

ex,

Ma

laysia

, 2

01

4–

20

16

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2015

2016

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

M

en

Mala

ysia

93.0

4

87.1

7

91.9

7

84.8

9

91.3

1

85.7

9

Johor

100.6

9

94.9

8

98.0

5

91.5

3

97.2

6

94.9

7

K

edah

96.5

1

88.0

7

95.0

0

84.9

7

93.1

3

85.8

9

K

ela

nta

n

85.0

9

77.3

0

82.5

3

74.6

5

83.7

5

78.6

7

M

ela

ka

99.4

6

94.3

4

99.3

6

92.8

3

101.1

9

95.6

2

N

eg

eri S

em

bila

n

105.7

5

102.8

0

103.4

2

98.0

7

105.6

7

102.0

4

P

ahan

g

89.1

2

84.0

5

87.4

9

81.0

1

89.3

3

86.0

0

P

era

k

91.0

1

87.6

2

89.7

3

84.2

6

90.8

9

87.2

3

P

erl

is

104.8

7

97.4

7

103.7

0

95.7

0

103.7

2

99.6

6

P

ula

u P

ina

ng

99.0

7

93.8

3

98.5

0

92.0

5

99.8

4

95.1

3

S

abah

79.7

9

73.7

5

82.8

6

75.4

4

85.7

8

79.9

2

S

ara

wak

89.0

7

82.6

7

88.6

2

81.1

6

89.3

0

83.6

1

S

ela

ngor

101.4

8

94.9

9

98.2

1

90.4

4

96.2

5

90.5

9

T

ere

nggan

u

91.0

3

83.4

9

90.0

4

81.2

8

90.1

9

82.8

2

W

.P. K

ua

la L

um

pur1

81.3

2

78.4

3

83.2

5

80.0

0

86.0

6

84.0

1

W

.P. Labu

an

93.0

7

83.1

6

86.9

8

79.3

3

84.3

8

79.8

0

1 T

erm

as

uk

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

S

um

be

r: K

em

en

teri

an

Pe

nd

idik

an

Ma

lays

ia

In

clu

ded W

.P. P

utr

aja

ya

S

ourc

e: M

inis

try o

f E

ducatio

n, M

ala

ysia

56

Jad

ual

2.9

: K

ad

ar

en

rolm

en

kas

ar

peri

ng

kat

tert

iari

men

gik

ut

neg

eri

dan

jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 20

14

–201

6

T

ab

le 2

.9: G

ross e

nro

lme

nt

rate

at

tert

iary

le

vel by s

tate

an

d s

ex, M

ala

ysia

, 20

14

–2

016

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2015

2016

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Mala

ysia

44.9

3

31.2

5

45.4

7

34.6

0

49.8

1

37.7

6

Johor

23.7

8

21.3

2

22.9

8

20.2

9

21.9

5

19.1

3

K

edah

29.4

5

21.1

3

32.0

3

21.9

4

28.2

5

18.5

1

K

ela

nta

n

15.5

1

9.1

1

15.3

4

8.4

2

15.4

8

7.9

6

M

ela

ka

55.4

8

55.4

9

39.7

5

44.3

4

50.7

0

47.6

0

N

eg

eri S

em

bila

n

43.5

3

26.5

7

42.4

5

30.1

1

48.2

4

29.6

2

P

ahan

g

23.1

2

17.5

9

23.9

1

17.9

9

23.8

8

17.7

7

P

era

k

32.8

5

22.7

2

30.6

9

26.1

2

31.3

4

26.9

0

P

erl

is

60.2

1

56.1

8

66.6

7

63.9

2

76.0

2

70.2

5

P

ula

u P

ina

ng

44.7

7

33.7

2

49.4

0

33.8

0

43.4

1

31.6

8

S

abah

8.9

7

5.7

2

7.7

6

5.3

6

8.2

8

5.0

4

S

ara

wak

17.7

8

11.6

2

17.7

7

11.4

7

20.1

5

13.5

2

S

ela

ngor

104.3

5

63.6

5

103.0

5

74.3

3

101.2

0

75.5

7

T

ere

nggan

u

30.7

9

23.3

6

33.2

5

22.6

3

33.7

3

21.6

5

W

.P. K

ua

la L

um

pur1

147.1

4

120.5

175.5

9

158.0

1

276.5

5

237.5

8

W

.P. Labu

an

-

-

- -

-

-

1 T

erm

as

uk

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

Su

mb

er:

Ke

me

nte

rian

Pe

nd

idik

an

Tin

gg

i M

ala

ys

ia

In

clu

ded W

.P. P

utr

aja

ya

Sourc

e: M

inis

try o

f H

igher

Education,

Ma

laysia

57

Jad

ual

2.1

0:

Kad

ar

pen

ga

mb

ilan

ka

sa

r p

eri

ng

kat

ren

dah

men

gik

ut

neg

eri

da

n jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 20

14

–2016

Ta

ble

2.1

0:

Gro

ss in

take

ra

te a

t p

rim

ary

leve

l b

y s

tate

an

d s

ex,

Ma

laysia

, 2

014

–2

01

6

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2015

2016

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

M

en

Mala

ysia

97.4

8

96.4

1

96.2

0

95.0

3

95.4

4

94.1

4

Johor

99.7

8

98.1

0

98.8

9

97.6

8

99.2

8

97.6

3

K

edah

98.8

0

98.1

5

97.2

4

96.6

4

96.7

7

95.5

1

K

ela

nta

n

85.4

4

83.5

5

84.7

1

83.9

4

81.6

1

80.9

8

M

ela

ka

100.1

6

100.3

1

102.5

0

101.0

6

102.9

7

102.1

2

N

eg

eri S

em

bila

n

104.0

8

102.7

6

100.7

4

100.1

9

102.0

8

101.1

1

P

ahan

g

99.3

3

99.3

0

98.0

5

97.4

5

98.6

4

98.1

3

P

era

k

96.2

2

95.5

7

95.4

4

94.6

4

94.9

5

94.4

8

P

erl

is

99.0

0

101.5

4

98.4

4

98.9

4

97.7

2

98.4

1

P

ula

u P

ina

ng

106.8

9

106.1

6

104.1

5

102.4

8

102.6

2

103.0

9

S

abah

95.2

2

94.1

6

94.8

3

93.4

7

91.5

5

90.2

9

S

ara

wak

97.7

0

96.4

0

96.4

5

95.6

1

96.6

8

95.2

1

S

ela

ngor

96.9

4

96.1

8

94.0

6

92.8

4

92.7

1

91.1

0

T

ere

nggan

u

91.2

7

89.2

7

89.2

8

88.5

2

90.5

6

88.3

6

W

.P. K

ua

la L

um

pur1

103.5

6

101.5

6

106.3

8

102.7

5

107.2

5

103.8

6

W

.P. Labu

an

97.8

3

93.1

5

96.2

5

96.4

3

102.3

6

97.0

4

1 T

erm

as

uk

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

S

um

be

r: K

em

en

teri

an

Pe

nd

idik

an

Ma

lays

ia

In

clu

ded W

.P. P

utr

aja

ya

S

ourc

e: M

inis

try o

f E

ducatio

n, M

ala

ysia

58

Jad

ual

2.1

1:

Kad

ar

pen

ga

mb

ilan

ka

sa

r p

eri

ng

kat

men

en

gah

men

gik

ut

neg

eri

dan

jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014

–2

016

Ta

ble

2.1

1:

Gro

ss in

take

ra

te a

t seco

nd

ary

leve

l b

y s

tate

and

sex,

Ma

laysia

, 2

014

–2

01

6

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2015

2016

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

M

en

Mala

ysia

96.6

6

95.5

7

99.7

3

97.2

0

95.2

6

97.7

9

Johor

101.6

9

103.9

9

104.0

1

104.0

9

99.7

2

103.6

1

K

edah

96.9

8

93.5

7

100.1

3

95.2

3

93.3

8

93.2

6

K

ela

nta

n

86.5

5

80.6

1

90.0

4

85.0

9

84.3

0

85.1

7

M

ela

ka

102.1

8

96.9

8

107.9

3

103.3

0

99.2

0

98.1

4

N

eg

eri S

em

bila

n

109.1

5

108.9

7

108.7

8

107.6

2

108.3

8

112.5

9

P

ahan

g

90.3

4

88.6

9

94.1

4

89.0

2

90.9

6

91.6

8

P

era

k

95.6

5

98.6

3

100.3

2

100.2

1

96.9

6

102.7

2

P

erl

is

113.8

4

109.8

9

104.7

3

101.2

5

102.3

9

106.0

8

P

ula

u P

ina

ng

107.3

1

108.9

0

105.5

8

105.7

4

104.3

3

108.9

5

S

abah

92.6

4

91.5

0

98.8

5

95.5

8

93.6

3

96.3

4

S

ara

wak

99.0

3

99.4

0

100.2

5

98.9

3

93.1

2

101.6

4

S

ela

ngor

97.6

2

94.9

8

100.0

7

97.6

1

93.6

4

94.9

0

T

ere

nggan

u

92.4

1

87.0

3

93.2

3

86.0

0

89.5

7

86.7

9

W

.P. K

ua

la L

um

pur1

87.7

1

89.1

5

96.9

5

95.3

1

96.2

6

102.0

1

W

.P. Labu

an

106.9

4

102.4

0

93.9

2

86.6

5

79.1

4

81.6

4

1 T

erm

as

uk

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

S

um

be

r: K

em

en

teri

an

Pe

nd

idik

an

Ma

lays

ia

In

clu

ded W

.P. P

utr

aja

ya

S

ourc

e: M

inis

try o

f E

ducatio

n, M

ala

ysia

59

Jad

ual

2.1

2:

Kad

ar

pen

ga

mb

ilan

ka

sa

r p

eri

ng

kat

tert

iari

men

gik

ut

neg

eri

dan

jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014

–2

016

T

ab

le 2

.12

: G

ross in

take

ra

te a

t te

rtia

ry leve

l b

y s

tate

an

d s

ex,

Ma

laysia

, 20

14

–2

016

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2015

2016

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Mala

ysia

17

14

19

14

17

14

Johor

9

7

8

7

8

7

K

edah

8

5

10

6

9

5

K

ela

nta

n

7

4

6

3

5

2

M

ela

ka

21

19

17

15

15

15

N

eg

eri S

em

bila

n

12

11

14

10

20

14

P

ahan

g

9

7

8

6

7

6

P

era

k

9

8

11

9

13

10

P

erl

is

23

19

23

21

21

20

P

ula

u P

ina

ng

15

11

28

18

14

11

S

abah

3

2

3

2

3

2

S

ara

wak

7

4

7

5

7

5

S

ela

ngor

41

32

41

31

40

30

T

ere

nggan

u

11

9

12

8

10

7

W

.P. K

ua

la L

um

pur1

59

66

89

78

67

78

W

.P. Labu

an

0

0

0

0

0

0

1 T

erm

as

uk

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

Su

mb

er:

Ke

me

nte

rian

Pe

nd

idik

an

Tin

gg

i M

ala

ys

ia

In

clu

ded W

.P. P

utr

aja

ya

Sourc

e: M

inis

try o

f H

igher

Education,

Ma

laysia

60

Jad

ual

2.1

3:

Kad

ar

en

rolm

en

ka

sar

peri

ng

kat

pra

seko

lah

men

gik

ut

neg

eri

dan

jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014

–201

6

Ta

ble

2.1

3:

Gro

ss e

nro

lme

nt ra

te a

t p

re-s

cho

ol le

ve

l b

y s

tate

an

d s

ex,

Ma

laysia

, 20

14

–2

016

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2015

2016

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

M

en

Mala

ysia

92.4

6

88.9

6

96.5

9

92.7

4

95.1

7

91.9

6

Johor

105.8

9

103.0

3

111.0

7

107.1

9

100.4

0

97.0

8

K

edah

95.7

0

92.4

8

99.0

7

95.0

4

82.0

2

78.5

5

K

ela

nta

n

77.5

7

74.2

8

88.4

0

83.6

1

67.7

6

64.2

5

M

ela

ka

158.9

8

154.5

9

129.8

9

123.4

5

119.6

0

115.0

8

N

eg

eri S

em

bila

n

101.3

1

97.2

5

108.8

1

104.2

1

99.9

2

97.3

0

P

ahan

g

103.9

8

97.5

1

106.9

5

101.1

0

91.6

7

86.4

9

P

era

k

93.6

5

90.2

3

105.8

6

101.7

1

91.6

3

88.7

4

P

erl

is

121.1

2

116.2

5

124.9

3

119.6

6

105.5

6

98.8

4

P

ula

u P

ina

ng

91.1

7

88.3

0

95.8

5

93.1

8

81.0

4

77.5

9

S

abah

86.9

3

83.4

7

85.6

3

81.8

0

78.8

9

76.7

4

S

ara

wak

95.5

9

91.9

1

98.3

2

94.6

6

96.1

1

93.9

2

S

ela

ngor

73.0

0

70.1

4

77.9

5

75.2

9

67.2

0

64.6

8

T

ere

nggan

u

106.4

5

101.8

3

111.3

1

106.1

4

88.9

5

82.0

6

W

.P. K

ua

la L

um

pur1

88.5

7

85.8

8

88.8

1

96.4

7

92.6

9

88.7

1

W

.P. Labu

an

105.4

0

103.0

8

102.0

2

97.7

6

20.5

4

19.8

0

1 T

erm

as

uk

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

S

um

be

r: K

em

en

teri

an

Pe

nd

idik

an

Ma

lays

ia

In

clu

ded W

.P. P

utr

aja

ya

S

ourc

e: M

inis

try o

f E

ducatio

n, M

ala

ysia

61

Jad

ual

2.1

4:

Bilan

gan

gra

du

an

wan

ita d

iperi

ng

kat

tert

iari

dala

m b

idan

g s

ain

s, ju

rute

ra, p

em

bu

ata

n d

an

pem

bin

aan

men

gik

ut

neg

eri

dan

ku

mp

ula

n

u

mu

r, M

ala

ys

ia, 2

014

–20

16

Ta

ble

2.1

4:

Num

be

r o

f fe

ma

le g

rad

uate

s a

t te

rtia

ry le

vel fr

om

scie

nce

, en

gin

ee

rin

g,

man

ufa

ctu

rin

g a

nd

co

nstr

uction

, by s

tate

and

age

gro

up

, M

ala

ysia

, 2

01

4–2

016

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2015

2016

Mala

ysia

36,4

72

32,5

77

40,3

84

Johor

3,8

65

3,8

76

3,7

12

K

edah

1,3

40

1,3

98

1,6

10

K

ela

nta

n

657

886

1,0

56

M

ela

ka

1,5

27

1,7

05

1,6

65

N

eg

eri S

em

bila

n

873

881

1,1

35

P

ahan

g

2,0

43

2,0

79

2,1

04

P

era

k

1,7

24

2,2

51

2,2

38

P

erl

is

1,0

94

1,3

50

1,6

36

P

ula

u P

ina

ng

1,8

34

2,1

27

2,2

05

S

abah

1,0

33

1,0

27

1,2

14

S

ara

wak

1,7

62

1,6

60

1,8

01

S

ela

ngor

13,3

01

8,5

77

12,9

60

T

ere

nggan

u

1,2

14

1,2

37

1,5

92

W

.P. K

ua

la L

um

pur1

4,2

05

3,5

23

5,4

56

W

.P. Labu

an

0

0

0

1 T

erm

as

uk

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

S

um

be

r: K

em

en

teri

an

Pe

nd

idik

an

Tin

gg

i M

ala

ys

ia

In

clu

ded W

.P. P

utr

aja

ya

S

ourc

e: M

inis

try o

f H

igher

Education,

Ma

laysia

62

Jad

ual

2.1

5:

Bilan

gan

sta

f akad

em

ik d

i In

sti

tusi P

en

did

ikan

Tin

gg

i m

en

gik

ut

neg

eri

, M

ala

ysia

, 201

4–2

016

T

ab

le 2

.15

: N

um

be

r o

f aca

dem

ic s

taff

in

th

e H

ighe

r E

duca

tio

n I

nstitu

te b

y s

tate

, M

ala

ysia

, 2

01

4–

20

16

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2015

2016

Mala

ysia

4

0,2

78

40

,88

9

3

9,2

52

Johor

2,3

40

2,3

76

2,3

90

K

edah

1,7

00

1,8

37

1,6

60

K

ela

nta

n

882

823

874

M

ela

ka

1,5

77

1,5

56

1,5

40

N

eg

eri S

em

bila

n

1,2

88

1,3

19

1,4

22

P

ahan

g

991

1,3

44

1,4

18

P

era

k

1,9

14

2,0

81

2,1

61

P

erl

is

705

690

706

P

ula

u P

ina

ng

1,7

00

2,5

36

2,1

75

S

abah

1,0

42

1,1

21

1,0

12

S

ara

wak

1,2

12

1,3

22

1,5

36

S

ela

ngor

13,6

54

14,2

76

14,0

03

T

ere

nggan

u

1,3

22

1,3

39

1,3

02

W

.P. K

ua

la L

um

pur1

9,9

51

8,2

69

7,0

53

W

.P. Labu

an

-

-

-

1 T

erm

as

uk

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

S

um

be

r: K

em

en

teri

an

Pe

nd

idik

an

Tin

gg

i M

ala

ys

ia

In

clu

ded W

.P. P

utr

aja

ya

S

ourc

e: M

inis

try o

f H

igher

Education,

Ma

laysia

63

Jad

ual

2.1

6:

Kad

ar

pera

lih

an

dan

kad

ar

tam

at

pen

did

ikan

di s

eko

lah

ke

raja

an

dan

ban

tuan

kera

jaan

, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014

–20

16

T

ab

le 2

.16

: T

ran

sitio

n r

ate

an

d e

duca

tio

n c

om

ple

tio

n r

ate

in

go

ve

rnm

ent

and

gove

rnm

en

t–aid

ed

scho

ols

, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014

–2

01

6

(%)

Ind

ikato

r

Ind

ica

tor

2014

2015

2016

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Kad

ar

Pe

ralih

an

/ T

ran

sitio

n R

ate

Ren

dah

Ke M

en

en

gah

Re

nd

ah

9

8.5

0

9

6.1

4

9

7.2

2

9

3.8

6

9

6.7

4

9

3.4

6

Pri

ma

ry t

o L

ow

er

Se

con

da

ry

Men

en

gah

Ren

dah

ke M

en

en

gah

Ata

s

9

8.0

9

9

5.3

4

9

5.7

4

9

0.8

1

9

7.7

5

9

5.0

9

Lo

wer

Seco

nda

ry to

Up

pe

r S

eco

nda

ry

Men

en

gah

Ata

s k

e L

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as M

en

en

gah

3

5.9

3

2

0.6

3

3

7.5

3

2

2.0

4

3

3.5

8

2

1.1

4

Upp

er

Seco

nda

ry to

Post

Seco

nd

ary

Kad

ar

Tam

at

Pen

did

ikan

/ E

du

ca

tio

n C

om

ple

tio

n R

ate

Peri

ng

kat

ren

dah

9

9.6

9

9

8.6

9

9

9.0

9

9

7.7

7

9

9.1

4

9

7.6

4

Pri

ma

ry level

Peri

ng

kat

men

en

gah

9

3.6

6

8

6.3

9

9

5.1

7

9

3.5

0

9

2.5

7

7

8.3

0

Se

co

nd

ary

leve

l

Su

mb

er:

Ke

me

nte

rian

Pe

nd

idik

an

Ma

lays

ia

Sourc

e: M

inis

try o

f E

ducatio

n, M

ala

ysia

64

Jad

ual

2.1

7:

Pen

du

du

k b

ekerj

a m

en

gik

ut

pen

cap

aia

n p

en

did

ikan

dan

jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014

–2

016

Ta

ble

2.1

7:

Em

plo

ye

d p

ers

ons b

y e

du

ca

tio

na

l a

ttain

me

nt a

nd s

ex,

Ma

laysia

, 20

14

–2

016

Pen

cap

aia

n p

en

did

ikan

2014

2015

2016

E

du

ca

tio

na

l att

ain

me

nt

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

M

en

Ju

mla

h

('000)

5,1

82

.0

8,3

50

.1

5,3

76

.7

8,6

91

.1

5,4

34

.0

8,7

29

.7

To

tal

(%)

1

00

.0

1

00

.0

1

00

.0

1

00

.0

1

00

.0

1

00

.0

Tia

da p

en

did

ikan

rasm

i

1

57

.8

1

95

.2

1

63

.8

2

67

.9

1

49

.7

2

27

.7

No f

orm

al ed

uca

tion

3.0

2.3

3.0

3.1

2.8

2.6

Ren

dah

6

92

.1

1,4

07

.1

7

01

.3

1,4

94

.4

6

73

.5

1,4

05

.0

Pri

ma

ry

13

.4

16

.9

13

.0

17

.2

12

.4

16

.1

Men

en

gah

2,6

21

.6

4,8

86

.2

2,6

44

.9

4,9

42

.1

2,7

03

.2

5,1

08

.9

Se

co

nd

ary

50

.6

58

.5

49

.4

56

.9

49

.7

58

.5

Tert

iari

1,7

10

.5

1,8

61

.6

1,8

66

.6

1,9

86

.7

1,9

07

.5

1,9

88

.0

Te

rtia

ry

33

.0

22

.3

34

.7

22

.9

35

.1

22

.8

S

um

be

r: L

ap

ora

n P

en

yia

sa

tan

Te

na

ga

Bu

ruh

, D

OS

M

S

ourc

e: Labour

Fo

rce S

urv

ey R

eport

, D

OS

M

65

Jad

ual

2.1

8:

Sta

tisti

k p

erb

ela

nja

an

pen

did

ikan

, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014

–20

16

Ta

ble

2.1

8:

Sta

tistics o

n e

du

ca

tio

na

l exp

en

ditu

re,

Ma

laysia

, 2

01

4–2

016

(%)

Ind

ikato

r 2014

2015

2016

In

dic

ato

r

Perb

ela

nja

an

pen

did

ikan

kese

luru

han

(p

era

tusan

dari

pad

a K

DN

K)

4.2

0

4.0

0

3.4

3

Ed

uca

tio

n e

xp

en

ditu

re t

ota

l (p

erc

enta

ge o

f G

DP

)

Perb

ela

nja

an

pen

did

ikan

aw

am

(p

era

tusan

da

rip

ad

a ju

mla

h p

erb

ela

nja

an

pe

nd

idik

an

) n.a

n.a

n.a

P

ub

lic e

du

ca

tion

exp

end

itu

re to

tal (p

erc

en

tag

e o

f to

tal ed

ucatio

n e

xpe

nd

itu

re)

Pera

tus ju

mla

h p

erb

ela

nja

an

pen

did

ikan

seb

en

ar

berb

an

din

g ju

mla

h p

erb

ela

nja

an

kera

jaan

15.5

9

15.6

1

15.4

8

Pe

rce

nta

ge o

f actu

al to

tal e

duca

tio

na

l e

xp

end

itu

re a

ga

inst

tota

l go

ve

rnm

en

t exp

en

ditu

re

S

um

be

r: K

em

en

teri

an

Pe

nd

idik

an

Ma

lays

ia

S

ourc

e: M

inis

try o

f E

ducatio

n, M

ala

ysia

KESIHATAN & PERKHIDMATAN

BERKAITAN HEALTH & RELATED SERVICES

67

Jad

ual

3.1

: K

ad

ar

mo

rtaliti

ku

ran

g d

ari

pad

a 5

tah

un

men

gik

ut

neg

eri

dan

jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 20

14–

201

6

Ta

ble

3.1

: U

nd

er-

5 m

ort

alit

y r

ate

by s

tate

an

d s

ex,

Ma

laysia

, 2

01

4–2

016

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2015

2016

W

an

ita

W

om

en

L

ela

ki

M

en

W

an

ita

W

om

en

L

ela

ki

M

en

W

an

ita

W

om

en

L

ela

ki

M

en

Mala

ysia

7.6

8.9

7.7

9.0

7.6

8.6

Johor

6.9

7.8

7.3

9.7

8.4

9.5

K

edah

7.0

8.7

7.6

8.0

8.4

8.7

K

ela

nta

n

8.9

11.1

6.8

9.3

9.3

9.7

M

ela

ka

5.3

8.8

7.3

6.7

6.5

9.2

N

eg

eri S

em

bila

n

7.3

8.7

8.4

8.3

7.0

7.9

P

ahan

g

7.8

10.9

8.3

11.1

9.1

9.3

P

era

k

6.8

8.7

7.6

8.6

7.7

9.5

P

erl

is

4.1

11.6

10.6

7.1

5.3

8.3

P

ula

u P

ina

ng

7.0

6.9

7.1

7.8

7.9

8.1

S

abah

13.3

12.6

14.0

14.0

7.0

7.5

S

ara

wak

6.4

8.3

5.9

7.9

6.9

8.0

S

ela

ngor

5.9

7.0

5.7

7.2

7.0

7.8

T

ere

nggan

u

9.0

10.2

9.1

10.1

7.7

9.4

W

.P. K

ua

la L

um

pur

6.4

7.7

5.9

7.0

6.7

8.1

W

.P. Labu

an

5.5

12.5

11.8

7.8

6.9

12.5

W

.P. P

utr

aja

ya

10.7

14.6

9.6

9.2

7.3

14.2

Kad

ar

ad

ala

h b

ag

i se

tia

p 1

,00

0 k

ela

hir

an

hid

up

Su

mb

er:

Pe

ran

gk

aa

n P

en

tin

g,

Ma

lays

ia,

20

15

& 2

017

, D

OS

M

Th

e r

ate

s a

re p

er

1,0

00 liv

e b

irth

s

S

ourc

e: V

ital S

tatistics, M

ala

ysia

, 2015 &

2017, D

OS

M

68

Jad

ual

3.2

: N

isb

ah

mo

rta

liti

ib

u b

ers

alin

men

gik

ut

neg

eri

, M

ala

ys

ia,

201

4–2

016

T

ab

le 3

.2: M

ate

rna

l m

ort

alit

y r

atio

by s

tate

, M

ala

ysia

, 2

01

4–2

01

6

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2015

2016

Mala

ysia

22.3

23.8

29.1

Johor

26.5

23.1

26.9

K

edah

27.4

35.3

13.9

K

ela

nta

n

28.0

20.5

26.0

M

ela

ka

34.3

41.2

27.8

N

eg

eri S

em

bila

n

37.5

21.7

5.5

P

ahan

g

24.4

10.7

36.2

P

era

k

13.7

33.1

28.0

P

erl

is

44.4

69.5

-

P

ula

u P

ina

ng

17.5

27.0

50.5

S

abah

17.4

34.7

57.6

S

ara

wak

14.6

17.6

15.8

S

ela

ngor

17.4

19.4

29.6

T

ere

nggan

u

33.3

18.1

21.8

W

.P. K

ua

la L

um

pur

18.5

3.9

27.2

W

.P. Labu

an

-

-

57.1

W

.P. P

utr

aja

ya

65.3

69.7

-

Nis

ba

h a

da

lah

ba

gi s

eti

ap

10

0,0

00

ke

lah

iran

hid

up

Su

mb

er:

Pe

ran

gk

aa

n P

en

tin

g,

Ma

lays

ia,

20

15

& 2

017

, D

OS

M

Th

e r

atios a

re p

er

100,0

00 liv

e b

irth

s

S

ourc

e: V

ital S

tatistics, M

ala

ysia

, 2015 &

2017, D

OS

M

69

Jad

ual

3.3

: S

tati

sti

k k

esih

ata

n ib

u b

ers

alin

, M

ala

ysia

, 20

14

–201

6

Ta

ble

3.3

: S

tatistics o

n m

ate

rna

l h

ea

lth,

Ma

laysia

, 20

14

–2

016

Ind

ikato

r

2014

2015

2016

p

Ind

ica

tor

Lip

uta

n ib

u m

en

gan

du

ng

(L

aw

ata

n p

ert

am

a)

Bil./ N

um

.

A

nte

na

tal ca

re c

ove

rag

e (

Fir

st vis

it)

(%)

Bilan

gan

/ N

um

be

r

575,6

04

573,3

61

554,7

21

Pera

tus/

Pe

r ce

nt

97.2

97.4

94.9

Lip

uta

n ib

u m

en

gan

du

ng

yan

g d

iberi

Teta

nu

s T

oxo

id

C

ove

rage

of a

nte

na

tal m

oth

ers

fo

r T

eta

nu

s T

oxo

id

Bilan

gan

/ N

um

be

r

478,2

06

476,5

78

466,9

03

Pera

tus/

Pe

r ce

nt

80.7

81.0

79.8

Ju

mla

h k

ela

hir

an

yan

g b

erd

aft

ar

den

gan

Kem

en

teri

an

Kesih

ata

n M

ala

ysia

461,2

20

451,8

03

461,5

61

T

he

nu

mbe

r o

f b

irth

s r

eg

iste

red

with

th

e M

inis

try o

f H

ea

lth

, M

ala

ysia

Ju

mla

h k

ela

hir

an

yan

g d

isam

bu

t o

leh

kakit

an

gan

terl

ati

h (

Kera

jaan

dan

sw

asta

)

456,4

81

448,9

65

459,4

04

T

ota

l d

eliv

eries a

tte

nd

ed

by t

rain

ed p

ers

onn

el (G

ove

rnm

en

t a

nd

private

) 99.0

99.4

99.5

(a)

Kera

jaan

/ G

ove

rnm

en

t

Ho

sp

ital k

era

jaan

388,2

87

384,2

98

396,3

61

G

ove

rnm

en

t h

osp

ita

l

84.2

85.1

85.9

Kem

ud

ah

an

kesih

ata

n a

wam

5,1

31

3,8

36

3,3

41

P

ub

lic h

ea

lth

facili

ty

1.1

0.9

0.7

(b)

Sw

asta

/ P

riva

te

Ho

sp

ital sw

asta

59,3

73

56,9

15

56,5

44

P

riva

te h

osp

ita

l

12.9

12.6

12.3

Ru

mah

bers

alin

sw

asta

3,6

90

3,9

16

3,1

58

P

riva

te m

ate

rnity h

om

e

0.8

0.9

0.7

p P

erm

ula

an

/ P

relim

inary

S

um

be

r: P

us

at

Info

rma

tik

Ke

sih

ata

n,

KK

M

S

ourc

e: H

ealth Info

rmatio

n C

entr

e,

MO

H

70

Jad

ual

3.4

: S

tati

sti

k in

div

idu

yan

g m

en

gh

idap

i A

IDS

dan

HIV

men

gik

ut

neg

eri

dan

jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014

–201

6

Ta

ble

3.4

: S

tatistics o

n in

div

idu

als

with

AID

S a

nd

HIV

by s

tate

an

d s

ex,

Ma

laysia

, 2

014–

201

6

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2015

2016

Wan

ita

L

ela

ki

Wan

ita

L

ela

ki

Wan

ita

L

ela

ki

Wo

men

Me

n

Wo

men

Me

n

Wo

men

Me

n

AID

S

HIV

A

IDS

H

IV

A

IDS

H

IV

AID

S

HIV

AID

S

HIV

A

IDS

H

IV

Mala

ysia

1

83

6

97

9

66

1

94

5

11

9

17

1

91

4

13

Johor

2

9

7

7

1

86

315

2

8

7

9

1

35

372

2

1

3

9

135

282

K

edah

1

4

5

1

4

8

121

1

2

2

9

5

0

108

4

2

3

50

148

K

ela

nta

n

1

1

4

1

7

9

186

1

4

3

3

9

2

136

2

9

3

7

132

152

M

ela

ka

7

2

4

4

2

114

4

1

4

4

0

114

1

1

2

32

101

N

eg

eri S

em

bila

n

7

2

2

4

0

83

1

0

2

3

4

1

110

5

7

30

110

P

ahan

g

2

9

6

3

1

09

152

2

0

4

2

1

09

135

1

6

3

4

92

178

P

era

k

1

1

2

6

5

9

130

5

3

7

3

1

111

9

1

7

68

102

P

erl

is

1

4

1

1

15

3

3

1

4

24

4

5

17

29

P

ula

u P

ina

ng

2

1

8

2

2

92

2

1

5

2

0

88

3

1

1

23

70

S

abah

1

3

7

4

8

8

183

2

2

3

9

8

9

194

2

6

3

8

99

794

S

ara

wak

3

2

5

8

9

0

177

2

8

3

0

1

00

200

2

9

4

2

108

118

S

ela

ngor

1

3

1

19

7

0

705

2

8

9

3

6

8

674

2

1

9

4

84

218

T

ere

nggan

u

1

2

5

0

8

8

160

1

5

3

1

7

2

134

1

0

1

6

71

216

W

.P. K

ua

la L

um

pur

2

6

8

3

4

372

3

3

7

5

5

394

1

2

3

7

90

454

W

.P. Labu

an

0

0

0

8

0

4

0

13

0

0

0

8

W

.P. P

utr

aja

ya

0

2

0

7

0

2

1

11

1

1

0

4

Su

mb

er:

Ba

ha

gia

n K

aw

ala

n P

en

ya

kit

, K

KM

Sourc

e: D

isease C

ontr

ol D

ivis

ion, M

OH

71

Jad

ual

3.5

: S

tati

sti

k in

div

idu

yan

g m

em

pu

nyai a

kse

s k

ep

ad

a u

bat

an

ti-r

etr

ov

iral m

en

gik

ut

jan

tin

a,

Mala

ysia

, 20

14

–201

6

Ta

ble

3.5

: S

tatistics o

n in

div

idu

als

wh

o h

ave a

ccess to

an

ti-r

etr

ovir

al d

rugs b

y s

ex,

Ma

laysia

, 2

014

–20

16

Ind

ikato

r In

dic

ato

r

2014

2015

2016

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

M

en

An

gg

ara

n b

ilan

gan

pen

gid

ap

HIV

la

yak u

ntu

k r

aw

ata

n

10,9

17

34,5

59

12,9

44

78,7

04

10,5

17

82,5

72

E

stim

ate

d n

o. o

f pe

ople

liv

ing

with

HIV

elig

ible

fo

r tr

ea

tme

nt

Bilan

gan

pen

gid

ap

HIV

ya

ng

men

dap

at

raw

ata

n

6,8

97

14,7

57

7,3

55

18,3

45

9,8

11

26,1

44

N

um

. o

f p

eop

le liv

ing

with H

IV o

n t

reatm

en

t

Pera

tus y

an

g m

en

dap

at

raw

ata

n (

%)

Pe

r cen

t o

n t

rea

tmen

t

63.2

42.7

56.8

23.3

93.3

31.7

Su

mb

er:

Ba

ha

gia

n K

aw

ala

n P

en

ya

kit

, K

KM

S

ourc

e:

Dis

ease C

ontr

ol D

ivis

ion, M

OH

72

Jad

ual

3.6

: J

an

gkaan

ha

yat

men

gik

ut

um

ur

dan

jan

tin

a, M

ala

ys

ia,

201

4, 2

015

dan

20

16

p

Ta

ble

3.6

: L

ife

exp

ecta

ncy b

y a

ge

an

d s

ex, M

ala

ysia

, 20

14

, 2

01

5 a

nd

20

16

p

Um

ur

Ag

e

2014

2015

2016

p

W

an

ita

W

om

en

L

ela

ki

Me

n

W

an

ita

W

om

en

L

ela

ki

Me

n

W

an

ita

W

om

en

L

ela

ki

Me

n

0

77.0

72.4

77.1

72.5

77.2

72.5

1

76.5

71.9

76.5

72.0

76.7

72.1

5

72.6

68.0

72.7

68.1

72.8

68.2

10

67.7

63.1

67.7

63.2

67.9

63.2

15

62.7

58.2

62.8

58.3

62.9

58.4

20

57.8

53.5

57.9

53.5

58.0

53.7

25

52.9

48.8

53.0

48.7

53.1

48.9

30

48.1

44.0

48.1

43.9

48.3

44.2

35

43.2

39.3

43.3

39.2

43.4

39.5

40

38.4

34.8

38.5

34.6

38.7

34.9

45

33.8

30.3

33.8

30.2

34.0

30.5

50

29.2

26.0

29.3

25.9

29.4

26.2

55

24.8

22.0

24.9

21.9

25.0

22.2

60

20.6

18.2

20.6

18.2

20.8

18.3

65

16.6

14.7

16.7

14.7

16.9

14.8

70

12.9

11.4

13.0

11.5

13.1

11.5

75

9.6

8.6

9.7

8.6

9.8

8.7

80+

6.9

6.1

6.9

6.1

7.0

6.1

p

Pe

rmu

laa

n/ P

relim

inary

Su

mb

er:

Ja

du

al

Ha

ya

t R

ing

ka

s,

Ma

lays

ia,

20

13

–2

01

6 &

20

14

–20

17

, D

OS

M

Sourc

e: A

brid

ged L

ife T

able

s, M

ala

ysia

, 2013

–2016 &

2014–2017, D

OS

M

73

Jad

ual

3.7

: S

tati

sti

k a

kau

n k

esih

ata

n k

eb

an

gsa

an

, M

ala

ysia

, 20

13

–20

15

Ta

ble

3.7

: S

tatistics o

n n

atio

na

l h

ea

lth a

cco

un

t, M

ala

ysia

, 20

13

–20

15

(%

)

Ind

ikato

r In

dic

ato

r 2013

2014

2015

Perb

ela

nja

an

kesih

ata

n k

eselu

ruh

an

(p

era

tusan

da

rip

ad

a K

DN

K)

4.3

4.4

4.5

Hea

lth

expe

nditu

re t

ota

l (p

erc

en

tage

of

GD

P)

Perb

ela

nja

an

sekto

r kesih

ata

n a

wam

(p

era

tusan

dari

pad

a ju

mla

h p

erb

ela

nja

an

ke

sih

ata

n)

52.7

53.1

51.5

Pu

blic

se

cto

r h

ea

lth e

xp

end

iture

to

tal (p

erc

en

tage

of

tota

l h

ea

lth

expe

nd

itu

re)

Perb

ela

nja

an

kesih

ata

n k

era

jaan

um

um

(G

GH

E)

se

bag

ai p

era

tusan

perb

ela

nja

an

kera

jaan

um

um

(G

GE

) 6.2

6.6

6.7

Ge

ne

ral g

ove

rnm

en

t h

ealth

exp

en

ditu

re (

GG

HE

) as a

pe

rcenta

ge

of

gen

era

l g

ove

rnm

ent

exp

en

ditu

re (

GG

E)

Data

ad

ala

h s

eh

ing

ga

10

Okto

be

r 2

017

S

um

be

r: U

nit

MN

HA

, B

ah

ag

ian

Pe

ran

ca

ng

an

, K

em

en

teri

an

Ke

sih

ata

n M

ala

ys

ia

Data

is u

p to 1

0 O

cto

ber

2017

S

ourc

e: M

NH

A U

nit, P

lannin

g D

ivis

ion, M

inis

try o

f H

ealth, M

ala

ysia

74

Jad

ual

3.8

: K

ela

zim

an

me

roko

k m

en

gik

ut

neg

eri

da

n jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 20

14 d

an

201

5

T

ab

le 3

.8: S

mo

kin

g p

revale

nce

by s

tate

an

d s

ex, M

ala

ysia

, 2

01

4 a

nd

20

15

(%

)

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2015

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

Me

n

W

an

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

Me

n

Mala

ysia

Tia

da d

ata

kela

zim

an

me

roko

k p

ad

a t

ah

un

201

4.

Sko

p k

ajian

201

4 a

da

lah

pem

akan

an

dik

ala

ng

an

dew

asa M

ala

ysia

1.4

43.0

Johor

1.2

40.9

K

edah

0.7

52.1

K

ela

nta

n

1.1

48.7

M

ela

ka

1.5

32.5

N

eg

eri S

em

bila

n

0.2

40.6

P

ahan

g

0.5

47.4

P

era

k

0.8

40.6

P

erl

is

1.3

44.5

P

ula

u P

ina

ng

1.0

37.1

S

abah

3.7

50.3

S

ara

wak

2.3

46.8

S

ela

ngor

0.8

39.4

T

ere

nggan

u

0.1

43.6

W

.P. K

ua

la L

um

pur

1.4

35.9

W

.P. Labu

an

11.4

55.8

W

.P. P

utr

aja

ya

0.8

26.8

Su

mb

er:

In

sti

tut

Kes

iha

tan

Um

um

, K

KM

Sourc

e: P

ublic

Health Institu

te, M

OH

75

Jad

ual

3.9

: K

ela

zim

an

me

roko

k m

en

gik

ut

neg

eri

da

n k

um

pu

lan

um

ur,

Mala

ys

ia, 2

014 d

an

20

15

Ta

ble

3.9

: S

mo

kin

g p

revale

nce

by s

tate

an

d a

ge

gro

up

, M

ala

ysia

, 2

01

4 a

nd 2

015

(%

)

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2015

K

um

pu

lan

Um

ur/

Ag

e G

rou

p

K

um

pu

lan

Um

ur/

Ag

e G

rou

p

15–2

4

25–4

4

45–6

4

65+

15–2

4

25–4

4

45–6

4

65+

Mala

ysia

Tia

da d

ata

kela

zim

an

me

roko

k p

ad

a t

ah

un

201

4.

Sk

op

kajian

201

4 a

dala

h p

em

ak

an

an

dik

ala

ng

an

dew

asa

Mala

ysia

19.5

28.3

21.4

12.4

Johor

16.8

28.1

22.9

10.2

K

edah

33.5

21.8

20.3

26.5

K

ela

nta

n

20.7

30.7

23.6

20.4

M

ela

ka

8.8

23.7

17.5

12.8

N

eg

eri S

em

bila

n

20.7

26.6

16.3

13.3

P

ahan

g

22.6

32.9

23.3

11.4

P

era

k

15.8

29.2

22.0

10.9

P

erl

is

18.9

25.8

23.7

18.4

P

ula

u P

ina

ng

16.5

25.0

16.7

9.8

S

abah

24.8

34.1

24.7

12.9

S

ara

wak

25.9

30.9

22.1

12.9

S

ela

ngor

16.7

25.0

19.9

10.7

T

ere

nggan

u

17.3

29.8

18.8

16.3

W

.P. K

ua

la L

um

pur

15.0

22.7

22.6

4.1

W

.P. Labu

an

14.7

43.3

57.7

0.0

W

.P. P

utr

aja

ya

9.4

12.1

17.4

10.7

S

um

be

r: I

ns

titu

t K

es

iha

tan

Um

um

, K

KM

S

ourc

e: P

ublic

Health Institu

te, M

OH

76

Jad

ual

3.1

0:

Maln

utr

isi k

ela

zim

an

, k

eti

ng

gia

n d

an

bera

t b

ad

an

un

tuk u

mu

r k

an

ak

-kan

ak d

i b

aw

ah

5 t

ah

un

men

gik

ut

neg

eri

, M

ala

ysia

, 20

15 d

an

201

6

Ja

dua

l 3.1

0:

Ma

lnu

tritio

n p

reva

lence

, h

eig

ht

an

d w

eig

ht fo

r ch

ildre

n a

ge

d u

nd

er

5 y

ea

rs o

ld b

y s

tate

, M

ala

ysia

, 20

15

an

d 2

01

6

(%

)

Neg

eri

S

tate

2015

(n

=2,6

89)

2016

(n

=1

6,9

66)

Pert

um

bu

han

Terb

an

tut*

K

ura

ng

Be

rat

Bad

an

**

P

ert

um

bu

han

Terb

an

tut*

K

ura

ng

Be

rat

Bad

an

**

Stu

nting

Und

erw

eig

ht

S

tun

ting

Un

de

rwe

igh

t

Mala

ysia

17.7

12.4

20.7

13.7

Johor

12.2

7.6

12.0

11.4

K

edah

16.2

13.0

18.1

15.9

K

ela

nta

n

19.7

14.9

34.0

16.8

M

ela

ka

20.6

14.0

14.1

13.4

N

eg

eri S

em

bila

n

18.5

10.7

19.1

12.3

P

ahan

g

22.7

17.4

25.7

12.9

P

era

k

20.8

14.7

23.7

15.2

P

erl

is

24.0

16.0

20.8

18.4

P

ula

u P

ina

ng

8.4

6.7

20.3

16.7

S

abah

1

17.4

13.5

23.5

15.2

S

ara

wak

18.0

14.8

23.1

17.8

S

ela

ngor

18.9

12.2

18.5

11.3

T

ere

nggan

u

22.0

12.2

26.1

10.8

W

.P. K

ua

la L

um

pur

15.5

8.7

10.5

8.3

W

.P. P

utr

aja

ya

14.6

5.9

24.3

12.9

* P

ert

um

bu

han

te

rban

tut,

HA

Z <

-2S

D

Su

mb

er:

In

sti

tut

Kes

iha

tan

Um

um

, K

KM

Stu

ntin

g:

heig

ht fo

r age,

HA

Z <

-2S

D

Sourc

e: In

stitu

te o

f P

ublic

Health , M

OH

** K

ura

ng

be

rat

ba

da

n, W

AZ

<-2

SD

U

nderw

eig

ht: w

eig

ht fo

r age, W

AZ

<-2

SD

1 T

erm

as

uk

W.P

. L

ab

ua

n

In

clu

ded W

.P.

Labuan

77

Jad

ual

3.1

1:

5 S

eb

ab

Ke

mati

an

uta

ma (

dis

ah

kan

) m

en

gik

ut

ku

mp

ula

n u

mu

r d

an

jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014

–2

016

Ja

dua

l 3.1

1: 5

Prin

cip

al cau

ses o

f d

ea

th (

me

dic

ally

ce

rtifie

d)

by a

ge

gro

up

an

d s

ex,

Ma

laysia

, 2

014

–20

16

(%

)

Ku

mp

ula

n

2014

um

ur

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

Me

n

A

ge

gro

up

0–14

1. C

ert

ain

co

nd

itio

ns o

rigin

atin

g in th

e p

erin

ata

l peri

od

27.1

1

. C

ert

ain

co

nd

itio

ns o

rigin

atin

g in th

e p

erin

ata

l peri

od

27.5

2. C

onge

nital m

alform

ation

s, defo

rmations a

nd c

hro

mosom

al

ab

norm

alit

ies

24.3

2

. C

onge

nital m

alform

ation

s, defo

rmations a

nd c

hro

mosom

al

ab

norm

alit

ies

21.4

3. P

neu

mon

ia

4.7

3

. P

neu

mon

ia

5.5

4. S

epticaem

ia

4.0

4

. T

ransport

accid

ents

4.1

5. T

ransport

accid

ents

3.2

5

. S

epticaem

ia

3.7

15–6

4

1. P

neu

mon

ia

9.2

1

. Is

chae

mic

heart

dis

ease

s

16.1

2. Is

chae

mic

heart

dis

ease

s

8.9

2

. T

ransport

accid

ents

11.6

3. S

epticaem

ia

6.9

3

. P

neu

mon

ia

7.9

4. C

ere

bro

vascula

r dis

ease

6.7

4

. C

ere

bro

vascula

r dis

ease

6.0

5.

Ma

lign

ant

neo

pla

sm

of

bre

ast

6.7

5

. S

epticaem

ia

5.0

65+

1. P

neu

mon

ia

17.9

1

. P

neu

mon

ia

16.9

2. Is

chae

mic

heart

dis

ease

s

13.4

2

. Is

chae

mic

heart

dis

ease

s

16.1

3. C

ere

bro

vascula

r dis

ease

9.6

3

. C

ere

bro

vascula

r dis

ease

8.4

4. S

epticaem

ia

7.5

4

. S

epticaem

ia

6.5

5.

Ma

lign

ant

neo

pla

sm

of tr

achea,

bro

nch

us a

nd

lu

ng

1.9

5

. M

alig

nant

neo

pla

sm

of tr

achea,

bro

nch

us a

nd

lu

ng

3.4

78

Jad

ual

3.1

1:

5 S

eb

ab

Ke

mati

an

uta

ma (

dis

ah

kan

) m

en

gik

ut

ku

mp

ula

n u

mu

r d

an

jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014

–2

016

(sam

b.)

Ja

dua

l 3.1

1: 5

Prin

cip

al cau

ses o

f d

ea

th (

me

dic

ally

ce

rtifie

d)

by a

ge

gro

up

an

d s

ex,

Ma

laysia

, 2

014

–20

16

(co

nt'd)

(%

)

Ku

mp

ula

n

2015

um

ur

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

Me

n

A

ge

gro

up

0–14

1. P

neu

mon

ia

5.6

1

. T

ransport

accid

ents

5.3

2. T

ransport

accid

ents

3.4

2

. P

neu

mon

ia

4.9

3. Le

ukaem

ia

1.5

3

. A

ccid

enta

l dro

wn

ing a

nd

subm

ers

ion

4.8

4. A

ccid

enta

l dro

wn

ing a

nd

subm

ers

ion

1.5

4

. Le

ukaem

ia

1.7

5.

Ma

lign

ant

neo

pla

sm

of

men

ing

es, bra

in a

nd o

ther

part

s o

f

c

entr

al nerv

ous s

yste

m

1.2

5

. C

ere

bro

vascula

r dis

ease

s

0.9

15–6

4

1. P

neu

mon

ia

9.7

1

. Is

chae

mic

heart

dis

ease

s

16.6

2. Is

chae

mic

heart

dis

ease

s

9.2

2

. T

ransport

accid

ents

10.8

3. C

ere

bro

vascula

r dis

ease

7.1

3

. P

neu

mon

ia

8.4

4.

Ma

lign

ant

neo

pla

sm

of

bre

ast

6.3

4

. C

ere

bro

vascula

r dis

ease

6.2

5. T

ransport

accid

ents

4.1

5

. D

ise

ases o

f th

e liv

er

2.8

65+

1. P

neu

mon

ia

18.9

1

. P

neu

mon

ia

17.5

2. Is

chae

mic

heart

dis

ease

s

13.3

2

. Is

chae

mic

heart

dis

ease

s

16.0

3. C

ere

bro

vascula

r dis

ease

9.4

3

. C

ere

bro

vascula

r dis

ease

7.8

4.

Ma

lign

ant

neo

pla

sm

of tr

achea,

bro

nch

us a

nd

lu

ng

1.8

4

. M

alig

nant

neo

pla

sm

of tr

achea,

bro

nch

us a

nd

lu

ng

3.5

5. C

hro

nic

low

er

resp

irato

ry d

iseases

1.8

5

. C

hro

nic

low

er

resp

irato

ry d

iseases

3.1

79

Jad

ual

3.1

1:

5 S

eb

ab

Ke

mati

an

uta

ma (

dis

ah

kan

) m

en

gik

ut

ku

mp

ula

n u

mu

r d

an

jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014

–2

016

(sam

b.)

Ja

dua

l 3.1

1: 5

Prin

cip

al cau

ses o

f d

ea

th (

me

dic

ally

ce

rtifie

d)

by a

ge

gro

up

an

d s

ex,

Ma

laysia

, 2

014

–20

16

(co

nt'd)

(%

)

Ku

mp

ula

n

2016

um

ur

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

Me

n

A

ge

gro

up

0–14

1. P

neu

mon

ia

4.2

1

. T

ransport

accid

ents

6.3

2. T

ransport

accid

ents

4.0

2

. P

neu

mon

ia

4.1

3. A

ccid

enta

l dro

wn

ing a

nd

subm

ers

ion

1.9

3

. A

ccid

enta

l dro

wn

ing a

nd

subm

ers

ion

3.7

4. C

hro

nic

low

er

resp

irato

ry d

iseases

1.3

4

. Le

ukaem

ia

1.9

5. Le

ukaem

ia

1.0

5

. C

ere

bro

vascula

r dis

ease

1.1

15–6

4

1. P

neu

mon

ia

9.5

1

. Is

chae

mic

heart

dis

ease

s

16.6

2. Is

chae

mic

heart

dis

ease

s

8.9

2

. T

ransport

accid

ents

11.3

3. C

ere

bro

vascula

r dis

ease

7.0

3

. P

neu

mon

ia

8.1

4.

Ma

lign

ant

neo

pla

sm

of

bre

ast

6.6

4

. C

ere

bro

vascula

r dis

ease

6.0

5. T

ransport

accid

ents

3.8

5

. D

ise

ases o

f th

e liv

er

2.7

65+

1. P

neu

mon

ia

19.1

1

. P

neu

mon

ia

17.3

2. Is

chae

mic

heart

dis

ease

s

12.0

2

. Is

chae

mic

heart

dis

ease

s

15.3

3. C

ere

bro

vascula

r dis

ease

9.0

3

. C

ere

bro

vascula

r dis

ease

7.7

4. C

hro

nic

low

er

resp

irato

ry d

iseases

2.2

4

. C

hro

nic

low

er

resp

irato

ry d

iseases

3.4

5.

Ma

lign

ant

neo

pla

sm

of

bre

ast

1.8

5

. M

alig

nant

neo

pla

sm

of tr

achea,

bro

nch

us a

nd

lu

ng

3.1

Su

mb

er:

Pe

ran

gk

aa

n P

en

tin

g,

Ma

lays

ia,

20

15

& 2

017

, D

OS

M

Sourc

e: V

ital S

tatistics, M

ala

ysia

, 2015 &

2017, D

OS

M

KEHIDUPAN AWAM DAN

PEMBUAT KEPUTUSAN PUBLIC LIFE AND

DECISION MAKING

81

Jad

ual

4.1

: P

era

tus a

hli

parl

imen

men

gik

ut

jan

tin

a,

Mala

ysia

, 2

014

–20

16

Ta

ble

4.1

: P

erc

en

tag

e o

f p

arlia

me

nt

me

mb

ers

by s

ex,

Ma

laysia

, 2

014

–2

01

6

(%)

Perk

ara

It

em

2014

2015

2016

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

Me

n

W

an

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

Me

n

W

an

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

Me

n

Dew

an

Neg

ara

2

2.7

7

7.3

2

0.3

7

9.7

2

2.4

7

7.6

S

en

ate

Dew

an

Rak

yat

1

0.4

8

9.6

1

1.3

8

8.7

1

0.8

8

9.2

H

ou

se

of

Rep

resen

tative

Men

teri

Kab

inet

5.7

9

4.3

8.3

9

1.7

8.6

9

1.4

C

ab

ine

t M

inis

ter

Tim

bala

n M

en

teri

2

2.2

7

7.8

2

1.2

7

8.8

1

7.6

8

2.4

D

ep

uty

Min

iste

r

S

um

be

r :

Pa

rlim

en

Ma

lays

ia

S

ourc

e: P

arlia

ment of M

ala

ysia

82

Jad

ual

4.2

: P

en

du

du

k b

ekerj

a m

en

gik

ut

peke

rja

an

dan

jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014–2

016

Ta

ble

4.2

: E

mp

loye

d p

ers

on

s b

y o

ccu

pa

tio

n a

nd

sex,

Ma

laysia

, 2

014

–2

01

6

Pek

erj

aan

O

ccu

pa

tion

2014

2015

2016

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

Me

n

W

an

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

Me

n

W

an

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

Me

n

Ju

mla

h

(‘

000)

5,1

82.0

8,3

50.1

5,3

76.7

8,6

91.1

5,4

34.0

8,7

29.7

To

tal

(%

) 3

8.3

6

1.7

3

8.2

6

1.8

3

8.4

6

1.6

Pen

gu

rus

1

47.7

5

18.4

1

61.9

5

56.7

1

34.4

5

24.1

M

an

ag

ers

2

2.2

7

7.8

2

2.5

7

7.5

2

0.4

7

9.6

Pro

fes

ion

al

7

68.0

6

08.9

8

21.5

6

40.6

9

67.0

7

88.3

P

rofe

ssio

na

ls

5

5.8

4

4.2

5

6.2

4

3.8

5

5.1

4

4.9

Ju

rute

kn

ik d

an

pro

fesio

nal b

ers

eku

tu

4

47.8

9

17.3

4

80.8

9

26.1

4

58.4

9

95.1

T

echn

icia

ns a

nd

asso

cia

te p

rofe

ssio

na

ls

3

2.8

6

7.2

3

4.2

6

5.8

3

1.5

6

8.5

Pek

erj

a s

oko

ng

an

perk

era

nia

n

9

16.1

3

18.5

8

90.0

3

51.1

8

53.9

3

09.9

C

leri

ca

l su

ppo

rt w

ork

ers

7

4.2

2

5.8

7

1.7

2

8.3

7

3.4

2

6.6

Pek

erj

a p

erk

hid

mata

n d

an

ju

ala

n

1,5

02.1

1,6

04.8

1,5

87.4

1,6

01.5

1,6

07.0

1,5

69.3

S

erv

ice

an

d s

ale

s w

ork

ers

4

8.3

5

1.7

4

9.8

5

0.2

5

0.6

4

9.4

Pek

erj

a m

ah

ir p

ert

an

ian

, p

erh

uta

nan

dan

peri

kan

an

2

68.9

7

10.7

2

27.1

7

13.2

1

97.1

6

75.0

S

kill

ed

ag

ricu

ltu

ral, f

ore

str

y a

nd

fis

he

ry w

ork

ers

2

7.4

7

2.6

2

4.2

7

5.8

2

2.6

7

7.4

Pek

erj

a k

em

ah

iran

dan

pekerj

a p

ert

ukan

gan

yan

g b

erk

ait

an

2

53.4

1,2

49.7

3

03.1

1,2

75.7

2

98.3

1,2

72.0

C

raft

an

d r

ela

ted

tra

de

s w

ork

ers

1

6.9

8

3.1

1

9.2

8

0.8

1

9.0

8

1.0

Op

era

tor

loji

dan

me

sin

sert

a p

em

asan

g

3

26.8

1,2

53.2

3

06.8

1,2

78.4

3

48.8

1,3

21.0

P

lan

t an

d m

ach

ine

-ope

rato

rs a

nd

asse

mb

lers

2

0.7

7

9.3

1

9.4

8

0.6

2

0.9

7

9.1

Pek

erj

aan

asas

5

51.2

1,1

68.7

5

98.1

1,3

47.8

5

69.1

1,2

75.1

E

lem

en

tary

occup

atio

ns

3

2.0

6

8.0

3

0.7

6

9.3

3

0.9

6

9.1

Su

mb

er:

La

po

ran

Pen

yia

sa

tan

Te

na

ga

Bu

ruh

, D

OS

M

S

ourc

e: Labour

Fo

rce S

urv

ey R

eport

, D

OS

M

83

Jad

ual

4.3

: B

ilan

gan

dan

pera

tus h

akim

di

Keh

akim

an

Siv

il m

en

gik

ut

jaw

ata

n d

an

jan

tin

a,

Mala

ysia

, 2014–20

16

Ta

ble

4.3

: N

um

be

r an

d p

erc

enta

ge

of

jud

ges in

Civ

il Ju

dic

iary

by p

ositio

n a

nd

sex,

Ma

laysia

, 2

014

–20

16

Jaw

ata

n

Po

sitio

n

2014

2015

2016

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Ju

mla

h

B

il./ N

um

.

4

5

8

2

5

0

8

3

4

9

8

4

To

tal

(%

) 3

5.4

6

4.6

3

7.8

6

2.2

3

6.8

6

3.2

Ketu

a H

akim

Neg

ara

0

1

0

1

0

1

Chie

f Ju

stice

of

Ma

laysia

0.0

100.0

0.0

100.0

0.0

100.0

Pre

sid

en

Mah

kam

ah

Ra

yu

an

Mala

ysia

0

1

0

1

0

1

Pre

sid

en

t o

f th

e C

ou

rt o

f A

pp

ea

l o

f M

ala

ysia

0.0

100.0

0.0

100.0

0.0

100.0

Hakim

Bes

ar

Mala

ya

0

1

0

1

0

1

Chie

f Ju

dge

of

Ma

laya

0.0

100.0

0.0

100.0

0.0

100.0

Hakim

Bes

ar

Sab

ah

dan

Sara

wak

0

1

0

1

0

1

Chie

f Ju

dge

of

Sa

bah

and

Sa

raw

ak

0.0

100.0

0.0

100.0

0.0

100.0

Hakim

Mah

kam

ah

Pe

rse

ku

tuan

Mala

ysia

1

9

2

7

2

9

Ju

dge

s o

f th

e F

ed

era

l C

ou

rt o

f M

ala

ysia

1

0.0

9

0.0

2

2.2

7

7.8

1

8.2

8

1.8

Hakim

Mah

kam

ah

Ra

yu

an

Mala

ysia

9

1

9

8

1

5

1

2

1

7

Ju

dge

s o

f th

e C

ou

rt o

f A

pp

eal o

f M

ala

ysia

3

2.1

6

7.9

3

4.8

6

5.2

4

1.4

5

8.6

Hakim

Mah

kam

ah

Tin

gg

i

2

9

2

8

2

9

2

7

2

5

2

7

Ju

dge

s o

f th

e H

igh

Co

urt

s

5

0.9

4

9.1

5

1.8

4

8.2

4

8.1

5

1.9

Pesu

ruh

jaya K

eh

akim

an

Mah

kam

ah

Tin

gg

i

6

2

2

1

1

3

0

1

0

2

7

Ju

dic

ial C

om

mis

sio

ne

rs o

f th

e H

igh

Co

urt

s

2

1.4

7

8.6

2

6.8

7

3.2

2

7.0

7

3.0

S

um

be

r:

Pe

jab

at

Ke

tua

Pen

da

fta

r M

ah

kam

ah

Pe

rse

ku

tua

n

S

ourc

e: C

hie

f R

egis

trar’s O

ffic

e F

edera

l C

ourt

of M

ala

ysia

84

Jad

ual

4.4

: B

ilan

gan

Ketu

a S

eti

au

sah

a, T

imb

ala

n K

etu

a S

eti

au

sah

a d

an

Ketu

a P

en

gara

h m

en

gik

ut

jaw

ata

n d

an

jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014–

201

6

T

ab

le 4

.4: N

um

be

r S

ecre

tary

Ge

ne

ral, D

ep

uty

Secre

tary

Gen

era

l a

nd

Dir

ecto

r G

ene

ral b

y p

ositio

n a

nd s

ex,

Ma

laysia

, 2

01

4–

201

6

Jaw

ata

n

Po

sitio

n

2014

2015

2016

Ju

mla

h

To

tal

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Ju

mla

h

To

tal

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Ju

mla

h

To

tal

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Ju

mla

h

Bil./

Num

. 299

59

240

312

61

251

311

50

261

To

tal

(

%)

100.0

19.7

80.3

100.0

19.6

80.4

100.0

16.1

83.9

Ketu

a S

eti

au

sah

a N

eg

ara

1

0

1

1

0

1

1

0

1

Chie

f S

ecre

tary

to

the

Gove

rnm

en

t 100.0

0.0

100.0

100.0

0.0

100.0

100.0

0.0

100.0

Ketu

a S

eti

au

sah

a

24

5

19

24

5

19

24

3

21

S

ecre

tary

Gene

ral

100.0

20.8

79.2

100.0

20.8

79.2

100.0

12.5

87.5

Tim

bala

n K

etu

a S

eti

au

sa

ha

54

10

44

60

13

47

57

10

47

D

ep

uty

Se

cre

tary

Gen

era

l 100.0

18.5

81.5

100.0

21.7

78.3

100.0

17.5

82.5

Ketu

a-K

etu

a P

en

ga

rah

, P

en

gara

h d

an

Pen

gu

rus

Bes

ar

Bad

an

-Bad

an

Be

rkan

un

115

21

94

115

19

96

122

20

102

D

ire

cto

r G

en

era

l, D

ire

cto

r a

nd

Ge

ne

ral M

an

ag

er

of

Sta

tuto

ry B

od

ies

100.0

18.3

81.7

100.0

16.5

83.5

100.0

16.4

83.6

Ketu

a-K

etu

a P

en

ga

rah

Ja

bata

n P

ers

eku

tuan

105

23

82

112

24

88

107

17

90

D

ire

cto

r G

en

era

l o

f F

ede

ral D

ep

art

me

nts

100.0

21.9

78.1

100.0

21.4

78.6

100.0

16.0

84.0

Su

mb

er:

Ba

ha

gia

n Is

tiad

at

da

n U

rus

eti

a P

ers

ida

ng

an

An

tara

ba

ng

sa

, Ja

ba

tan

Pe

rdan

a M

en

teri

S

ourc

e: T

he C

ere

monia

l &

Inte

rnatio

nal C

onfe

rence S

ecre

taria

t D

ivis

ion, P

rim

e M

inis

ter's D

epart

ment

85

Jad

ual

4.5

: B

ilan

gan

pen

jaw

at

aw

am

men

gik

ut

ku

mp

ula

n p

erk

hid

mata

n d

an

jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 20

14

–2016

Ta

ble

4.5

: N

um

be

r o

f civ

il se

rva

nts

by g

rou

p o

f se

rvic

es a

nd

se

x, M

ala

ysia

, 20

14

–2

016

Jaw

ata

n

Po

sitio

n

2014

2015

2016

Ju

mla

h

To

tal

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Ju

mla

h

To

tal

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Ju

mla

h

To

tal

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Ju

mla

h

B

il./

Num

. 1

,20

1,6

84

675,2

63

5

26,4

21

1,2

68,7

58

725,8

48

5

42,9

10

1,2

67,0

88

728,9

11

5

38,1

77

To

tal

(

%)

1

00.0

56.2

4

3.8

1

00.0

5

7.2

4

2.8

1

00.0

5

7.5

42.5

Pen

gu

rus

an

Tert

ing

gi (G

red

Ju

sa

C d

an

Ke A

tas)

3

,81

9

1

,260

2

,559

4

,02

4

1

,413

2

,611

4

,07

8

1

,461

2

,617

Gra

de

Jusa

C a

nd

Ab

ove

(G

rad

e J

usa

C a

nd

Ab

ove

) 1

00.0

33.0

6

7.0

1

00.0

3

5.1

6

4.9

1

00.0

3

5.8

64.2

Pen

gu

rus

an

& P

rofe

sio

na

l (G

red

41

–54)

38

0,4

99

243,6

75

1

36,8

24

50

1,9

53

327,8

72

1

74,0

81

51

0,6

03

334,1

81

1

76,4

22

Pro

fessio

na

l &

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

(Gra

de

41

–5

4)

1

00.0

64.0

3

6.0

1

00.0

6

5.3

3

4.7

1

00.0

6

5.4

34.6

So

ko

ng

an

(G

red

1–4

0)

81

7,3

66

430,3

28

3

87,0

38

76

2,7

81

396,5

63

3

66,2

18

75

2,4

07

393,2

69

3

59,1

38

Su

pp

ort

(G

rad

e 1

–4

0)

1

00.0

52.6

4

7.4

1

00.0

5

2.0

4

8.0

1

00.0

5

2.3

47.7

Bil

an

ga

n t

ida

k t

erm

as

uk

An

gk

ata

n T

en

tera

Mala

ys

ia (

AT

M)

da

n P

oli

s D

i R

aja

Ma

lays

ia (

PD

RM

)

Su

mb

er:

Ja

ba

tan

Pe

rkh

idm

ata

n A

wam

N

um

bers

are

exclu

din

g M

ala

ysia

n A

rmed F

orc

es a

nd R

oyal M

ala

ysia

n P

olic

e (

RM

P)

S

ourc

e: P

ublic

Serv

ice D

epart

ment

of M

ala

ysia

86

Jad

ual

4.6

: B

ilan

gan

pem

bu

at

kep

utu

san

di

sekto

r p

en

did

ikan

men

gik

ut

jaw

ata

n d

an

jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 20

14

–201

6

T

ab

le 4

.6: N

um

be

r o

f d

ecis

ion m

akin

g le

ve

l in

ed

uca

tion

se

cto

r b

y p

ositio

n a

nd

se

x,

Ma

laysia

, 20

14

–2

016

Jaw

ata

n

Po

sitio

n

2014

2015

2016

Ju

mla

h

To

tal

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Ju

mla

h

To

tal

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Ju

mla

h

To

tal

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Ju

mla

h

Bil./

Num

. 9,8

27

3,6

72

6,1

55

9,7

36

3,6

10

6,1

26

9,9

10

3,7

44

6,1

66

To

tal

(

%)

10

0.0

3

7.4

6

2.6

10

0.0

3

7.1

6

2.9

10

0.0

3

7.8

6

2.2

Gu

ru B

esa

r S

eko

lah

Ren

dah

7,6

24

2,6

80

4,9

44

7,4

32

2,6

41

4,7

91

7,6

13

2,8

71

4,7

42

Pri

ma

ry S

ch

oo

l H

ea

d M

aste

r

10

0.0

3

5.2

6

4.8

10

0.0

3

5.5

6

4.5

10

0.0

3

7.7

6

2.3

Pen

getu

a S

eko

lah

Men

en

gah

2,1

38

9

69

1,1

69

2,2

38

9

45

1,2

93

2,2

28

8

52

1,3

76

Se

co

nd

ary

Scho

ol P

rincip

al

10

0.0

4

5.3

5

4.7

10

0.0

4

2.2

5

7.8

10

0.0

3

8.2

6

1.8

Pen

getu

a S

eko

lah

Bera

sra

ma P

en

uh

6

5

2

3

4

2

6

6

2

4

4

2

6

9

2

1

4

8

Resid

en

tia

l S

ch

ool P

rin

cip

al

10

0.0

3

5.4

6

4.6

10

0.0

3

6.4

6

3.6

10

0.0

3

0.4

6

9.6

Su

mb

er:

Ke

me

nte

rian

Pe

nd

idik

an

Ma

lays

ia

S

ourc

e: M

inis

try o

f E

ducatio

n, M

ala

ysia

87

Jad

ual

4.7

: B

ilan

gan

dan

pera

tus h

akim

di

Keh

akim

an

Syari

ah

men

gik

ut

jaw

ata

n d

an

jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 201

4–2

016

Ta

ble

4.7

: N

um

be

r an

d p

erc

enta

ge

ju

dge

s in

Sya

riah

Ju

dic

iary

by p

ositio

n a

nd

sex,

Ma

laysia

, 2

014

–20

16

Jaw

ata

n

Po

sitio

n

2014

2015

2016

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

M

en

Ju

mla

h

Bil./

Num

. 11

174

11

174

11

174

To

tal

(

%)

5.9

94.1

5.9

94.1

5.9

94.1

Ketu

a P

en

gara

h/ K

etu

a H

akim

Sya

rie

0

1

0

1

0

1

Dir

ecto

r G

en

era

l/ S

ya

rie C

hie

f Ju

dge

0.0

100.0

0.0

100.0

0.0

100.0

Hakim

Mah

kam

ah

Ra

yu

an

Sya

riah

0

5

0

5

0

5

Ju

dge

s o

f th

e C

ou

rt o

f A

pp

eal S

ya

rie

0.0

100.0

0.0

100.0

0.0

100.0

Ketu

a H

akim

Sya

rie N

eg

eri

0

14

0

14

0

14

Sta

te S

ya

rie C

hie

f Jud

ge

0.0

100.0

0.0

100.0

0.0

100.0

Ketu

a P

en

daft

ar

Mah

kam

ah

Syari

ah

Neg

eri

2

12

2

12

2

12

Chie

f R

egis

ter

of th

e S

tate

Sya

ria

h C

ou

rt

14.3

85.7

14.3

85.7

14.3

85.7

Hakim

Syari

e

9

142

9

142

9

142

Sya

rie J

ud

ge

6.0

94.0

6.0

94.0

6.0

94.0

Su

mb

er:

J

ab

ata

n K

eh

ak

iman

Sya

ria

h M

ala

ys

ia

S

ourc

e: S

yaria

h J

udic

iary

Depart

ment

Ma

laysia

88

Jad

ual

4.8

: B

ilan

gan

dan

pera

tus a

ng

go

ta p

olis m

en

gik

ut

jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 2015

dan

2016

Ta

ble

4.8

: N

um

be

r an

d p

erc

enta

ge

of

polic

e p

ers

on

nel b

y s

ex,

Ma

laysia

, 20

15

an

d 2

016

Perk

ara

It

em

2015

2016

W

an

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

Men

Wan

ita

W

om

en

Lela

ki

Men

Po

lis

Bil./

Num

. 13,5

49

101,1

06

14,0

10

104,7

99

Po

lice

(

%)

11.8

88.2

11.8

88.2

Su

mb

er:

Po

lis

DiR

aja

Mala

ys

ia

Sourc

e: R

oyal M

ala

ysia

Polic

e

HAK ASASI WANITA DAN

KANAK-KANAK PEREMPUAN HUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN

AND GIRLS CHILDREN

89

Jad

ual

5.1

: B

ilan

gan

kes p

em

bu

nu

han

den

gan

nia

t m

en

gik

ut

neg

eri

, M

ala

ysia

, 20

14

–201

6

Ta

ble

5.1

: N

um

be

r o

f cases o

f in

ten

tion

al h

om

icid

e b

y s

tate

, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014

–2

01

6

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2015

2016

Ju

mla

h k

es

T

ota

l case

s

Kes s

ele

sai

So

lvin

g c

ase

Ju

mla

h k

es

T

ota

l case

s

Kes s

ele

sai

So

lvin

g c

ase

Ju

mla

h k

es

T

ota

l case

s

Kes s

ele

sai

So

lvin

g c

ase

Mala

ysia

504

256

480

220

456

376

Johor

65

34

70

33

70

54

Ked

ah

25

9

30

19

17

16

Kela

nta

n

14

3

13

8

10

13

Mela

ka

10

6

9

3

13

13

Negeri

Sem

bila

n

24

10

21

11

17

11

Pah

ang

24

15

14

6

15

10

Pera

k

30

17

45

16

42

29

Perl

is

2

1

1

0

0

0

Pula

u P

inan

g

53

19

37

21

28

26

Sab

ah

50

28

35

22

60

55

Sara

wak

45

24

35

10

27

22

Sela

ngor

110

65

127

56

105

67

Tere

ngganu

10

5

8

4

11

7

W.P

. K

ua

la L

um

pur

42

20

35

11

41

53

Su

mb

er:

Po

lis

Dir

aja

Mala

ys

ia

Sourc

e: R

oyal M

ala

ysia

Polic

e

90

Jad

ual

5.2

: B

ilan

gan

kes k

eg

an

asan

te

rhad

ap

wan

ita m

en

gik

ut

neg

eri

dan

je

nis

ke

s, M

ala

ysia

, 20

14

–2

016

Ta

ble

5.2

: N

um

be

r o

f cases o

f vio

lence

ag

ain

st

wo

me

n b

y s

tate

and

typ

es o

f case

s,

Ma

laysia

, 2

014

–2

01

6

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2015

2016

Keg

an

as

an

ru

mah

tan

gg

a

Dom

estic v

iole

nce

Ro

go

l R

ap

e

Cab

ul

Mo

lest

Lu

ar

tab

ii

Unn

atu

ral

Keg

an

as

an

ru

mah

tan

gg

a

Dom

estic v

iole

nce

Ro

go

l R

ap

e

Cab

ul

Mo

lest

Lu

ar

tab

ii

Un

na

tura

l

K

eg

an

as

an

ru

mah

tan

gg

a

Do

me

stic v

iole

nce

Ro

go

l R

ap

e

Cab

ul

Mo

lest

Lu

ar

tab

ii

Un

na

tura

l

Mala

ysia

4,8

07

2,3

49

1,5

90

214

5,0

14

2,1

24

1,5

85

300

5,7

96

1,9

51

1,5

26

327

Johor

541

311

229

30

633

273

224

40

671

285

219

37

Ked

ah

398

251

115

18

556

210

114

24

575

165

106

28

Kela

nta

n

621

206

84

3

621

204

66

9

686

157

58

15

Mela

ka

101

70

64

14

142

86

87

26

98

61

70

14

Negeri

Sem

bila

n

459

135

145

12

339

121

92

24

323

108

93

18

Pah

ang

231

152

82

14

203

97

81

18

279

138

82

13

Pera

k

331

128

104

18

263

94

98

9

326

98

105

21

Perl

is

78

37

22

5

83

31

20

1

119

31

23

2

Pula

u P

inan

g

306

100

98

13

301

81

87

25

258

68

74

11

Sab

ah

1

299

223

111

10

351

222

123

14

340

205

131

15

Sara

wak

355

145

65

1

279

149

61

5

427

141

49

12

Sela

ngor

657

326

247

43

780

322

306

63

938

316

282

89

Tere

ngganu

229

112

53

9

255

111

49

12

302

83

61

5

W.P

. K

ua

la L

um

pur2

201

153

171

24

208

123

177

30

454

95

173

47

1 T

erm

as

uk

W.P

. L

ab

ua

n

S

um

be

r: P

oli

s D

ira

ja M

ala

ys

ia

In

clu

des W

.P.

Labuan

Sourc

e: R

oyal M

ala

ysia

Polic

e

2 T

erm

as

uk

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

In

clu

des W

.P. P

utr

aja

ya

91

Jad

ual

5.3

: B

ilan

gan

wan

ita B

ukan

Isla

m y

an

g b

eru

mu

r 20

−2

4 t

ah

un

dan

be

rkah

win

seb

elu

m u

mu

r 1

8 t

ah

un

, M

ala

ysia

, 201

4–

2016

T

ab

le 5

.3: N

um

be

r o

f N

on

-Mu

slim

wo

me

n a

ge

d 2

0−

24

ye

ars

old

an

d m

arr

ied

be

fore

18

ye

ars

, M

ala

ysia

, 20

14

–2

016

Um

ur

(tah

un

sem

asa)

Ag

e (

cu

rre

nt yea

r)

2014

2015

2016

Ju

mla

h/

To

tal

2,2

04

2,3

53

2,0

51

20

492

421

116

21

541

492

421

22

481

541

492

23

418

481

541

24

272

418

481

Su

mb

er:

Ja

ba

tan

Pe

nd

aft

ara

n N

eg

ara

Sourc

e: N

atio

nal R

egis

tratio

n D

epart

ment

92

Jad

ual

5.4

: K

ad

ar

kesu

bu

ran

rem

aja

beru

mu

r 1

5−

19 t

ah

un

men

gik

ut

neg

eri

, M

ala

ysia

, 20

14

–20

16

Ja

dua

l 5.4

: A

do

lesce

nt b

irth

rate

ag

ed

15−

19

ye

ars

by s

tate

, M

ala

ysia

, 2

014

–2

01

6

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2015

2016

Mala

ysia

13

12

10

Johor

11

10

9

Ked

ah

9

8

7

Kela

nta

n

14

13

12

Mela

ka

7

7

6

Negeri

Sem

bila

n

9

9

7

Pah

ang

15

15

13

Pera

k

8

8

7

Perl

is

11

12

12

Pula

u P

inan

g

7

7

7

Sab

ah

20

16

13

Sara

wak

30

27

21

Sela

ngor

9

8

7

Tere

ngganu

11

10

10

W.P

. K

ua

la L

um

pur

10

9

8

W.P

. Labua

n

31

30

24

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

2

4

1

Kad

ar

ad

ala

h b

ag

i se

tia

p 1

,00

0 w

an

ita

be

rum

ur

15

–1

9 t

ah

un

S

um

be

r: P

era

ng

kaa

n P

en

tin

g,

Ma

lays

ia,

20

15

& 2

017

, D

OS

M

Th

e r

ate

s a

re p

er

1,0

00 w

om

en a

ged 1

5–19 y

ears

S

ourc

e: V

ital S

tatistics, M

ala

ysia

, 2015 &

2017, D

OS

M

PERLINDUNGAN SOSIAL

(FOKUS KHAS : PENUAAN

PENDUDUK) SOCIAL PROTECTION

(SPECIAL FOCUS : POPULATION AGEING)

93

Jad

ual

6.1

: B

ilan

gan

pen

eri

ma

ban

tuan

ora

ng

tu

a m

en

gik

ut

neg

eri

, M

ala

ysia

, 20

14

–201

6

T

ab

le 6

.1: N

um

be

r o

f e

lde

rly b

en

eficia

ries b

y s

tate

, M

ala

ysia

, 2

01

4–

20

16

Neg

eri

S

tate

2014

2015

2016

Bil. P

en

eri

ma

N

um

. o

f re

cip

ien

t R

M '000

Bil. P

en

eri

ma

N

um

. o

f re

cip

ien

t R

M '000

B

il. P

en

eri

ma

N

um

. o

f re

cip

ien

t R

M '000

Mala

ysia

1

42,0

32

50

0,4

02.0

1

41,4

93

50

2,1

71.1

1

33,3

52

49

7,5

60.6

Johor

14,3

66

51

,87

7.5

14,2

16

51

,60

9.3

13,4

78

52

,34

9.4

Ked

ah

7,0

42

26

,41

1.4

6,6

60

24

,44

5.7

5,0

05

21

,36

1.6

Kela

nta

n

9,3

23

33

,58

1.3

9,5

57

33

,91

0.5

9,3

32

33

,38

7.2

Mela

ka

9,0

39

33

,23

8.2

8,8

14

31

,79

1.4

8,0

04

30

,75

4.8

Negeri

Sem

bila

n

8,7

82

31

,41

9.3

9,1

43

31

,90

3.7

9,1

11

32

,73

7.8

Pah

ang

8,7

75

31

,09

0.5

8,8

66

31

,83

3.6

8,9

37

33

,46

9.2

Pera

k

7,3

41

25

,84

9.5

7,3

00

26

,25

3.9

7,2

29

26

,31

1.8

Perl

is

2

30

69

8.7

1,2

23

1

,69

0.1

1,2

38

4

,29

9.0

Pula

u P

inan

g

6,6

30

24

,93

0.6

6,0

83

22

,55

9.1

4,9

50

20

,84

4.0

Sab

ah

30,4

31

10

8,2

81.7

27,8

52

98

,66

2.4

26,3

84

93

,87

4.0

Sara

wak

21,3

45

67

,31

2.3

22,2

97

79

,12

9.0

22,0

07

80

,79

5.9

Sela

ngor

10,6

75

37

,67

8.7

11,2

78

39

,43

4.2

10,7

84

39

,13

6.8

Tere

ngganu

4,2

30

14

,52

9.9

4,3

14

15

,32

0.4

4,1

60

15

,31

7.4

W.P

. K

ua

la L

um

pur1

3,5

64

12

,48

5.4

3,6

47

12

,74

5.8

2,5

18

12

,09

1.2

W.P

. Labua

n

2

59

1

,01

7.0

2

43

88

2.0

2

15

83

0.7

1 T

erm

as

uk

W.P

. P

utr

aja

ya

S

um

be

r: J

ab

ata

n K

eb

ajik

an

Ma

sya

rak

at

In

clu

ded W

.P. P

utr

aja

ya

S

ourc

e: D

epart

ment

of S

ocia

l W

elfare

PENGURANGAN RISIKO

BENCANA DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

95

Jad

ual

7.1

: B

ilan

gan

pen

eri

ma

ban

tuan

kew

an

gan

bag

i m

an

gsa

ben

can

a m

en

gik

ut

jen

is b

en

can

a,

Mala

ysia

, 2

014

–20

16

T

ab

le 7

.1: N

um

be

r o

f fina

ncia

l a

ssis

tan

ce

ben

eficia

ries f

or

the

vic

tim

s o

f dis

aste

r b

y t

ype

of d

isa

ste

r, M

ala

ysia

, 2

01

4–

20

16

Jen

is B

en

can

a

Typ

e o

f dis

aste

r

2014

2015

2016

Bil. P

en

eri

ma

N

um

. o

f re

cip

ien

t R

M '000

B

il. P

en

eri

ma

N

um

. o

f re

cip

ien

t R

M '000

B

il. P

en

eri

ma

N

um

. o

f re

cip

ien

t R

M '000

Ju

mla

h/

To

tal

16,1

28

9

,074.2

28,0

57

8

,206.0

8,0

98

6

,070.3

Keb

aka

ran

/ F

ire

3,9

80

4

,646.9

1,4

14

2

,708.7

1,5

88

3

,019.2

Ban

jir/

Flo

od

2,5

08

7

00.8

17,3

25

1

,306.1

4

61

2

72.8

Rib

ut/

Sto

rm

3,4

69

2

,518.1

4,6

25

3

,295.1

2,7

71

1

,462.6

Kem

ara

u/

Dro

ug

ht

5,6

41

6

93.9

4,1

05

6

06.8

2,3

55

4

91.8

Tan

ah

ru

ntu

h/

La

ndslid

e

24

39.8

1

07

1

38.8

33

25.0

Lain

-lain

/ O

the

rs

5

06

4

74.7

4

81

1

50.5

8

90

7

98.9

Su

mb

er:

Ja

ba

tan

Ke

ba

jik

an

Ma

sya

rak

at

Sourc

e: D

epart

ment

of S

ocia

l W

elfare

KEAMANAN DAN KESELAMATAN PEACE AND SECURITY

97

Jad

ual

8.1

: B

ilan

gan

dan

pera

tus a

ng

go

ta t

en

tera

dara

t, l

au

t d

an

ud

ara

men

gik

ut

jan

tin

a, M

ala

ysia

, 2

01

4–20

16

T

ab

le 8

.1: N

um

be

r an

d p

erc

enta

ge

of

arm

y, n

avy a

nd

air

fo

rce

pe

rso

nne

l by s

ex,

Ma

laysia

, 2

01

4–2

016

An

gk

ata

n t

en

tera

A

rme

d F

orc

es

2014

2015

2016

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

Me

n

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

Me

n

Wan

ita

Wo

men

Lela

ki

Me

n

Ten

tera

Dara

t

B

il./

Num

. 7,3

85

85,4

59

7,2

66

86,2

95

6,9

28

81,3

94

A

rmy p

ers

on

nel

(%

) 8.0

92.0

7.8

92.2

7.8

92.2

Ten

tera

Lau

t 1,4

91

16,6

28

1,4

40

15,9

92

1,4

03

15,3

51

N

avy p

ers

on

ne

l

8.2

91.8

8.3

91.7

8.4

91.6

Ten

tera

Ud

ara

970

15,0

35

1,0

39

14,7

91

945

13,8

18

A

ir f

orc

e p

ers

on

ne

l

6.1

93.9

6.6

93.4

6.4

93.6

S

um

be

r: K

em

en

teri

an

Pe

rtah

an

an

Ma

lays

ia

S

ourc

e: M

inis

try o

f D

efe

nce, M

ala

ysia

NOTA TEKNIKAL

TECHNICAL NOTES


99

1. Pengenalan

Statistik Pemerkasaan Wanita Dalam

Domain Terpilih, Malaysia, 2017

merangkumi lapan domain utama

iaitu:

i. Struktur ekonomi, penyertaan

dalam aktiviti produktif dan akses

kepada sumber;

ii. Pendidikan;

iii. Kesihatan dan perkhidmatan

berkaitan;

iv. Kehidupan awam dan pembuat

keputusan;

v. Hak asasi wanita dan kanak-

kanak perempuan;

vi. Perlindungan sosial;

vii. Pengurangan risiko bencana;

dan

viii. Keamanan & keselamatan.

1. Introduction

Statistics on Women Empowerment In

Selected Domains, Malaysia, 2017

covers eight major domains, namely:

i. Economic structures, participation

in productive activities and access

to resources;

ii. Education;

iii. Health and related services;

iv. Public life and decision making;

v. Human rights of women and girl

children;

vi. Social protection;

vii. Disaster risk reduction; and

viii. Peace & security.

2. Ketersediaan Data

Ketersediaan data adalah

berdasarkan data yang dibekalkan

oleh agensi berkaitan.

3. Nisbah perempuan kepada lelaki

Merujuk kepada nisbah perempuan

kepada lelaki bagi indikator tertentu.

4. Konsep dan definisi

4.1 INDEKS JURANG GENDER

Definisi Indeks Jurang Gender

Indeks Jurang Gender adalah suatu

indeks yang dibentuk/ direka untuk

mengukur kesaksamaan gender.

2. Availability of data

The availability of data is based on the

data provided by the related agencies.

3. Female to male ratio

Refer to ratio of females to males in a

particular indicator.

4. Concept and definition

4.1 GENDER GAP INDEX

Definition of Gender Gap Index

The Gender Gap Index is an index

designed to measure gender equality.


100

Indeks ini diukur daripada empat

kategori asas iaitu Peluang &

Penyertaan Ekonomi, Pencapaian

Pendidikan, Kesihatan & Kehidupan

dan Penguasaan Politik.

Jurang tersebut diukur dengan skala

0 hingga 1. Secara amnya,

kesaksamaan gender dicapai

apabila indeks tersebut mencapai

skala 1 manakala jurang ini menjadi

semakin besar sekiranya skala

tersebut menghampiri skala 0.

Pembangunan Indeks

Keseluruhan Indeks Jurang Gender

dikira dengan menggunakan empat

proses/ langkah seperti di bawah:

i. Menukar kepada nisbah

Langkah satu, semua data ditukar

kepada nisbah wanita/lelaki.

Sebagai contoh, sebuah negara

dengan 20 peratus wanita dalam

jawatan menteri, akan dikira

sebagai nisbah 20 wanita kepada

80 lelaki. Oleh yang demikian,

nilainya adalah 0.25. Ini adalah

bagi memastikan indeks ini

menunjukkan jurang antara

peringkat pencapaian lelaki

dan wanita dan bukannya tahap

diri mereka sendiri.

ii. Menghadkan data pada tanda

aras kesaksamaan

Langkah kedua, nisbah ini

dihadkan pada "tanda aras

kesamaan." Bagi semua indikator,

kecuali dua indikator kesihatan,

penanda aras kesamaan ini

dianggap sebagai 1, di mana

This index is measured from four

fundamental categories: Economic

Opportunity & Participation,

Educational Attainment, Health &

Survival and Political Empowerment.

The gap is measured by a scale of 0 to

1. Generally, gender equality is

achieved when the index reaches a

scale of 1 while this gap becomes

larger if the scale approaches the

scale of 0.

Construction of the Index

The overall Global Gender Gap Index

is constructed using a four–step

process, outlined below:

i. Convert to ratios

Initially, all data is converted to

female-to-male ratios. For example,

a country with 20 per cent of

women in ministerial positions is

assigned a ratio of 20 women to 80

men, thus a value of 0.25. This is to

ensure that the Index is capturing

gaps between women and men’s

attainment levels, rather than the

levels themselves.

ii. Truncate data at equality

benchmark

As a second step, these ratios are

truncated at the “equality

benchmark.” For all indicators,

except the two health indicators,

this equality benchmark is

considered to be 1, meaning equal


101

bilangan wanita dan lelaki adalah

sama. Dalam kes pembolehubah

nisbah jantina ketika lahir,

penanda aras kesamaan

ditetapkan menjadi 0.944, dan

penanda aras jangka hayat sihat

ditetapkan menjadi 1.06.

Menghadkan data pada tanda

aras kesamaan bagi setiap

indikator akan memberikan

markah yang sama kepada

negara yang telah mencapai

keseimbangan antara wanita dan

lelaki dan nilai 1 di mana wanita

melebihi lelaki.

Jenis skala yang dipilih

menentukan sama ada indeks

memberi manfaat kepada

pemerkasaan wanita atau

kesaksamaan jantina. Untuk

mendapatkan kesaksamaan

gender, dua skala telah

dipertimbangkan. Skala pertama

adalah skala positif negatif yang

menunjukkan saiz dan arah jurang

gender. Skala ini menilai sama

ada kelebihan lelaki terhadap

wanita atau kelebihan wanita

terhadap lelaki, dan memberikan

mata tertinggi kepada

kesaksamaan mutlak.

Skala kedua adalah skala satu sisi

yang mengukur sejauh mana

wanita yang hampir mencapai

keseimbangan dengan lelaki,

tetapi tidak memberi manfaat

atau tidak menilai negara

kerana mempunyai jurang gender

dalam arah yang berbeza. Kita

mendapati skala satu sisi lebih

sesuai untuk tujuan kesaksamaan

gender, kerana ia tidak memberi

numbers of women and men. In the

case of the sex ratio at birth

variable, the equality benchmark is

set to be 0.944, and the healthy life

expectancy benchmark is set to be

1.06.

Truncating the data at the equality

benchmarks for each assigns the

same score to a country that has

reached parity between women

and men and one where women

have surpassed men.

The type of scale chosen

determines whether the Index is

rewarding women’s empowerment

or gender equality. To capture

gender equality, two possible scales

were considered. One was

a negative-positive scale capturing

the size and direction of the gender

gap. This scale penalizes either

men’s advantage over women or

women’s advantage over men,

and gives the highest points to

absolute equality.

The second choice was a

one–sided scale that measures how

close women are to reaching parity

with men, but does not reward or

penalize countries for having a

gender gap in the other direction.

We find the one-sided scale more

appropriate for our purposes, as it

does not reward countries for

having exceeded the parity

benchmark.


102

manfaat kepada negara yang

telah melebihi penanda aras

pariti.

iii. Mengira skor sub–indeks

Langkah ketiga melibatkan proses

pengiraan purata pemberat bagi

setiap indikator di dalam setiap

sub–indeks untuk menghasilkan

skor sub–indeks. Purata indikator

yang berbeza akan memberi

pemberat yang lebih kepada

ukuran yang menunjukkan

variabiliti terbesar atau sisihan

piawai. Oleh itu, langkah

pertama, normalkan indikator

dengan menyamakan setiap

sisihan piawai.

Sebagai contoh, dalam

sub–indeks pencapaian

pendidikan, sisihan piawai bagi

setiap empat indikator dikira.

Kemudian tentukan titik

perubahan 1 peratus dengan

membahagikan 0.01 dengan

sisihan piawai bagi setiap

indikator. Empat nilai ini

kemudiannya digunakan sebagai

pemberat untuk mengira purata

wajaran kepada empat indikator.

Kaedah pemberat indikator ini

memastikan bahawa setiap

indikator mempunyai kesan relatif

yang sama keatas sub–indeks.

Sebagai contoh, indikator dengan

kebolehubahan yang kecil atau

sisihan piawai, seperti kadar

enrolmen sekolah rendah,

mendapat pemberat yang

lebih besar dalam sub–indeks

pencapaian pendidikan daripada

penunjuk dengan variabiliti yang

iii. Calculate sub–index scores

The third step in the processinvolves

calculating theweighted average

of the indicators within each sub–

index to create the sub–index

scores. Averaging the different

indicators would implicitly give

more weight to the measure that

exhibits the largest variability or

standard deviation. Therefore the

first stepis to normalize the indicators

by equalizing theirstandard

deviations.

For example, within the educational

attainment sub–index, standard

deviations for each of the four

indicators are calculated. Then

determine what a 1 per cent point

change of standard deviations by

dividing 0.01 by the standard

deviation for each indicator. These

four values are then used as

weights to calculate the weighted

average of the four indicators.

This way of weighting indicators

allows us to make sure that each

indicator has the same relative

impact on the sub–index. For

example, an indicator with a small

variability or standard deviation,

such as primary enrolment rate,

gets a larger weight within the

educational attainment sub–index

than an indicator with a larger

variability, such as tertiary

enrolment rate.


103

lebih besar, seperti kadar

enrolmen tertiari.

Oleh itu, negara yang mempunyai

jurang jantina yang besar dalam

pendidikan rendah (indikator di

mana kebanyakan negara telah

mencapai persamaan di antara

wanita dan lelaki) akan lebih

dihakimi. Begitu juga dengan

indikator nisbah jantina (dalam

sub–indeks kesihatan dan

kehidupan), di mana kebanyakan

negara mempunyai nisbah jantina

yang sangat tinggi dan

penyebaran data adalah kecil,

pemberat yang lebih besar akan

memberi kesan yang lebih besar

kepada negara-negara yang

menyimpang dari nilai ini. Jadual 1

diperoleh dari Laporan Global

Gap (World Economic Forum)

memaparkan nilai-nilai pemberat

yang digunakan.

iv. Mengira skor akhir

Bagi semua sub–indeks, nilai

berkemungkinan paling tinggi

adalah skor 1 (sepadan/pariti)

dan nilai berkemungkinan paling

rendah adalah skor 0

(ketidaksepadanan), oleh yang

demikian, tanda aras skor antara

ketidaksaksamaan dan

kesaksamaan perlu digabungkan.

Nilai purata tanpa pemberat bagi

setiap indikator digunakan untuk

mengira keseluruhan skor Indeks

Jurang Gender Antarabangsa.

Sama seperti skor sub–indeks, nilai

akhir ini berkisar antara 1

(sepadan/pariti) dan 0

(ketidaksepadanan), dengan itu

Therefore, a country with a large

gender gap in primary education

(an indicator where most countries

have achieved near–parity

between women and men) will be

more heavily penalized. Similarly, in

the case of the sex ratio indicator

(within the Health and Survival

sub-index), where most countries

have a very high sex ratio and the

spread of the data is small, the

larger weight will penalize more

heavily those countries that deviate

from this value. Table 1 was

obtained from the Global Gap

Report (World Economic Forum)

displays the values of the weights

used.

iv. Calculation of final scores

For all sub–indexes, the highest

possible score is 1 (parity) and the

lowest possible score is 0 (imparity),

thus binding the scores between

inequality and equality

benchmarks. An un-weighted

average of each sub–index score is

used to calculate the overall Global

Gender Gap Index score.

Similar to sub–index scores, this final

value ranges between 1 (parity)

and 0 (imparity), thus allowing for

comparisons relative to ideal


104

membolehkan perbandingan

relatif dengan kesamaan piawai

yang ideal di samping kedudukan

relatif negara. Penanda aras

sepadan/pariti dan

ketidaksepadanan tetap sama

merentasi masa, membolehkan

pembaca mengesan kemajuan

negara masing-masing berhubung

dengan kesaksamaan yang ideal.

Selain itu, pilihan untuk

menafsirkan skor indeks akhir

sebagai nilai peratusan boleh

mendedahkan bagaimana

sebuah negara telah

mengurangkan jurang jantinanya

akan membantu menjadikan

indeks lebih menarik kepada

pembaca.

standards of equality in addition to

relative country rankings. The parity

and imparity benchmarks remain

fixed across time, allowing the

reader to track individual country

progress in relation to an ideal

standard of equality. Furthermore,

the option of roughly interpreting

the final index scores as a

percentage value that reveals how

a country has reduced its gender

gap should help make the index

more intuitively appealing to

readers.


105

Jadual A: Pengiraan pemberat antara setiap sub–indeks (berdasarkan kepada Global

Gender Gap Report 2006)

Table A: Calculation of weight within each sub–index (based on the Global Gender

Gap Report 2006)


106

Jadual A: Pengiraan pemberat antara setiap sub–indeks (berdasarkan kepada Global

Gender Gap Report 2006) (samb.)

Table A: Calculation of weight within each sub–index (based on the Global Gender

Gap Report 2006) (cont'd)


107

4.2 STRUKTUR EKONOMI, PENYERTAAN

DALAM AKTIVITI PRODUKTIF DAN

AKSES KEPADA SUMBER.

Pekali Gini

Pekali Gini (G) ialah ukuran

pemusatan pendapatan

berdasarkan Keluk Lorenz. Keluk ini

dihasilkan dengan memplot peratus

isi rumah kumulatif pada paksi X dan

peratus jumlah pendapatan

kumulatif yang diterima oleh isi

rumah pada paksi Y. Nilai Pekali Gini

berada antara 0 dan 1 di mana 0

menunjukkan agihan pendapatan

yang saksama manakala nilai 1

menunjukkan agihan pendapatan

yang paling tidak saksama.

Kemiskinan

Konsep kemiskinan yang digunakan

adalah mengambil kira Pendapatan

Garis Kemiskinan (PGK) makanan

dan PGK bukan makanan bagi

setiap isi rumah. Sesebuah isi rumah

dianggap miskin jika pendapatan

mereka kurang daripada nilai PGK

yang diperlukan. Ini bermaksud isi

rumah tersebut kekurangan sumber

pendapatan untuk memenuhi

keperluan asas makanan dan bukan

makanan bagi setiap ahlinya.

Sesebuah isi rumah dianggap miskin

tegar jika pendapatannya kurang

daripada nilai PGK makanan yang

diperlukan.

Ketua isi rumah

Merujuk kepada seorang ahli biasa

sama ada lelaki atau perempuan

yang dianggap sebagai ketua oleh

4.2 ECONOMIC STRUCTURES,


ACTIVITIES AND ACCESS TO

RESOURCES

The Gini Coefficient

The Gini Coefficient (G) is a measure

of income concentration derived from

the Lorenz Curve. The curve is

obtained by plotting the cumulative

per cent of households on the X axis

against the cumulative per cent of the

aggregate income received by these

households on the Y axis. The value of

the Gini Coefficient ranges from 0 to 1

where 0 denotes complete equality of

income share and 1 represents total

inequality of income share.

Poverty

The concept of poverty used takes

into account food Poverty Line

Income (PLI) and non–food PLI for

each household. A household is

considered poof if their income is

below the PLI needed. This means that

it lacks the resources to meet the

basic needs of food and non-food for

each of its members. A household is

considered hard–core poor if its

income is below the food PLI.

Head of household

Defined as any members whether

male or female which is considered as

head of household by other members.


108

ahli isi rumah yang lain.

Bekerja

Semua orang yang bekerja

sekurang-kurangnya sejam semasa

minggu rujukan untuk mendapatkan

upah, keuntungan atau keuntungan

keluarga sama ada sebagai

majikan, pekerja, bekerja sendiri atau

pekerja keluarga tanpa gaji.

Mereka juga dianggap bekerja jika:

Tidak bekerja semasa minggu

rujukan disebabkan sakit,

kecederaan, tiada upaya,

cuaca buruk, bercuti

pertelingkahan buruh dan

sebab-sebab sosial atau

keagamaan tetapi mempunyai

pekerjaan, ladang, perusahaan

keluarga lain untuk kembali

bekerja.

Tidak bekerja buat sementara

waktu tetapi bergaji dan pasti

akan dipanggil bekerja semula.

Bekerja kurang daripada 30 jam

semasa minggu rujukan

disebabkan bentuk kerja atau

disebabkan kurang kerja dan

berkeupayaan serta sanggup

menerima tambahan bilangan

jam bekerja. Kumpulan ini

merupakan guna tenaga tidak

penuh.

Mereka yang bekerja lebih daripada

30 jam semasa minggu rujukan

merupakan guna tenaga penuh.

Employed

All persons who, at any time during the

reference week worked at least one

hour for pay, profit or family gain as an

employer, employee, own–account

worker or unpaid family worker.

They are also considered as employed

if they:

Did not work during the reference

week because of illness, injury,

disability, bad weather, leave,

labour dispute and social or

religious reasons but had a job,

farm, enterprise or other family

enterprise to return to.

Were temporary laid-off with pay

and would definitely be called

back to work.

Were employed less than 30 hours

during the reference week

because of the nature of their

work or due to insufficient work

and are able and willing to

accept addtional hours of work.

This group is underemployed.

Persons who were employed more

than 30 hours during the reference

week is full employment.


109

Menganggur

Penganggur adalah mereka yang

tidak bekerja semasa minggu rujukan

dan dikelaskan kepada dua

kumpulan iaitu penganggur aktif dan

tidak aktif.

Penganggur aktif adalah mereka

yang bersedia untuk bekerja dan

aktif mencari pekerjaan dalam

minggu tersebut.

Penganggur tidak aktif adalah

mereka yang berada dalam

kategori berikut:

Tidak mencari pekerjaan dalam

minggu rujukan kerana percaya

tidak terdapat pekerjaan atau

pun tidak berkelayakan;

Mungkin mencari pekerjaan jika

tidak kerana sakit atau keadaan

cuaca;

Menunggu jawapan

permohonan pekerjaan; dan

Telah mencari pekerjaan

sebelum minggu rujukan.

Isi rumah

Merujuk kepada seorang atau

sekumpulan orang yang bersaudara

atau tidak bersaudara yang

biasanya tinggal bersama dan

membuat peruntukan yang sama

untuk makanan dan keperluan hidup

yang lain.

Taraf pekerjaan

Merujuk kepada kedudukan atau

taraf seseorang yang bekerja di

dalam pertubuhan atau organisasi di

mana beliau bekerja. Penduduk

yang bekerja dikelaskan mengikut

Unemployed

The unemployed are those who did

not work during the reference week

and are classified into two groups that

is the actively unemployed and

inactively unemployed.

The actively unemployed include all

persons who were available for work

and were actively looking for work

during the reference week.

Inactively unemployed persons

include those in the following

categories:

Did not look for work because they

believed no work was available or

that they were not qualified;

Would have looked for work if they

had not been temporarily ill or had

it not been for weather condition;

Were waiting for result of job

applications; and

Had looked for work prior to the

reference week.

Household

Defined as a person or group of

related or unrelated persons who

usually live together and make

common provisions for food and other

living essentials.

Status in employment

Refers to the position or status of an

employed person within the

establishment or organisation for

which he/she worked. Employed

persons are classified according to the


110

taraf guna tenaga.

i. Majikan

Merujuk kepada seseorang yang

menjalankan sesuatu perniagaan,

perusahaan ladang atau

perniagaan lain dan menggaji

seorang pekerja atau lebih untuk

menolongnya.

ii. Pekerja


bekerja untuk majikan sektor

awam atau swasta dan menerima

ganjaran tetap seperti upah, gaji,

komisen, tip atau ganjaran yang

berbentuk mata benda.

iii. Bekerja sendiri


mengusahakan ladang,

perniagaan atau perusahaan

sendiri tanpa menggaji pekerja di

ladang, perniagaan atau

perusahaannya.

iv. Pekerja keluarga tanpa gaji


bekerja tanpa menerima

sebarang bayaran atau upah di

ladang, perniagaan atau

perusahaan yang dijalankan oleh

ahli keluarganya yang lain.

Pekerjaan

Dikelaskan mengikut klasifikasi

Piawaian Pengelasan Pekerjaan

Malaysia (MASCO) 2008 berasaskan

kepada International Standard

Classification of Occupations

following employment status.

i. Employer

A person who operates a business,

a plantation or other trade and

employs one or more workers to

help him.

ii. Employee

A person who works for a public or

private employer and receives

regular remuneration in wages,

salary, commission, tips or payment

in kind.

iii. Own account worker

A person who operates his own

farm, business or trade without

employing any paid workers in the

conduct of his farm, trade or

business.

iv. Unpaid family worker

A person who works without pay or

wages on a farm, business or trade

operated by another member of

the family.

Occupation

Occupation is classified according to

the Malaysia Standard Classification of

Occupations (MASCO) 2008 based on

the International Standard

Classification of Occupations


111

(ISCO-08).

Bagi seseorang yang mempunyai

lebih daripada satu pekerjaan,

hanya pekerjaan yang mengambil

masa terbanyak semasa tempoh

rujukan dianggap sebagai pekerjaan

utamanya. Jika masa bekerja bagi

setiap pekerjaan itu sama, maka

pekerjaan yang menghasilkan

pendapatan yang tertinggi adalah

pekerjaan utamanya.

Dalam kes di mana bilangan jam

bekerja dan pendapatannya adalah

sama bagi setiap pekerjaan,

pekerjaan di mana dia telah bekerja

paling lama dianggap sebagai

pekerjaan utamanya.

Industri

Dikelaskan mengikut Piawaian

Klasifikasi Industri Malaysia (MSIC)

2008 Versi 1.0 berasaskan kepada

International Standard Industrial

Classification of All Economic

Activities (ISIC) Revision 4.

Pengelasan industri seseorang

merujuk kepada yang berkaitan

dengan pekerjaan utamanya.

Penyiasatan Tenaga Buruh (PTB)

tidak mengelaskan aktiviti

pengeluaran barangan dan

perkhidmatan sara hidup untuk

kegunaan isi rumah sendiri sebagai

penduduk yang aktif secara

ekonomi.

Oleh itu, klasifikasi MSIC 2008 bagi

industri Aktiviti isi rumah sebagai

majikan; aktiviti mengeluarkan

barangan dan perkhidmatan yang

(ISCO-08).

For a person having more than one

job,only the job at which he worked

for the longest number of hours during

the referenceweek is treated as his

principal occupation.If the number of

hours worked for each job is the same,

then the job with the highest income is

the principal occupation.

In cases where the number of hours

worked and the income earned from

each job are the same, the job at

which he was working for the longest

period of time is considered as the

principal occupation.

Industry

Industry is classified according to the

Malaysia Standard Industrial

Classification (MSIC) 2008 Version 1.0

based on the International Standard

Industrial Classification of All Economic

Activities (ISIC), Revision 4.

A person’s industry classification refers

to that of his principal occupation.

Labour Force Survey (LFS) does not

classify the subsistence goods-and

services producing activities of

households as persons who are

economically active

Therefore, the classification of industry

by MSIC 2008 Version 1.0 for Activities

of households as employers;

undifferentiated goods-and services


112

tidak dapat dibezakan oleh isi rumah

untuk kegunaan sendiri hanya

mengambil kira Aktiviti isi rumah

sebagai majikan.

Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh

Aktiviti ekonomi penduduk pada

keseluruhannya bergantung kepada

ciri-ciri demografi sesuatu populasi.

Dengan itu, pecahan mereka yang

aktif secara ekonomi berbeza di

antara kumpulan-kumpulan kecil

penduduk tersebut. Perbezaan ini

diukur dengan kadar aktiviti tertentu

yang dikenali sebagai kadar

penyertaan tenaga buruh. Kadar

penyertaan tenaga buruh ditakrifkan

sebagai perkadaran penduduk

dalam tenaga buruh kepada jumlah

penduduk dalam umur bekerja

(15–64 tahun) yang dipersembahkan

dalam bentuk peratus.

Kadar pengangguran

Perkadaran penduduk yang

menganggur kepada jumlah

penduduk di dalam tenaga buruh.

Kadar ini mengukur peratus

penduduk di dalam tenaga buruh

yang tidak bekerja.

Gaji dan upah

Statistik gaji dan upah yang

dipaparkan dalam laporan ini

adalah merujuk kepada kadar upah

merangkumi gaji pokok, elaun sara

hidup dan lain-lain elaun dalam

bentuk tunai atau mata benda yang

dibayar secara tetap dan berkala

serta bayaran kerja lebih masa.

Walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak

termasuk bonus dan gratuiti, elaun

producing activities of households for

own use only accounted for Activities

of households as employers.

Labour force participation rate

The economy activity of a population

dependson the demographic

characteristic of that population.

Therefore, the proportion of

economically active persons differs

betweensub-groups of that

population. These variations are

measured by specificactivity rates

termed labour forceparticipation rate.

Labour force participation rate is

defined as the ratio of the labour

force to the working age population

(15–64 years), expressed as

percentage.

Unemployment rate

The proportion of unemployed

population to the total population in

labour force. This measures the

percentage of unemployed

population in labour force.

Salaries and wages

Statistics on salaries and wages

presented in this report refer to wage

rate consisting of basic wages, cost-of-

living allowances and other

guaranteed and regularly paid

allowances in cash or in kind and

overtime payment. However, it

excludes bonuses and gratuities,

family allowances and social security

payments made by employers.


113

keluarga dan lain-lain bayaran

keselamatan sosial oleh majikan.

Jumlah nisbah tanggungan

Merujuk kepada nisbah bilangan

penduduk yang berumur bawah 15

tahun dan yang berumur 65 tahun

dan lebih kepada bilangan

penduduk yang berumur 15–64

tahun.

Nisbah tanggungan umur muda

Merujuk kepada nisbah di antara

bilangan penduduk yang berumur

bawah 15 tahun kepada bilangan

penduduk yang berumur

15–64 tahun.

Nisbah tanggungan umur tua

Merujuk kepada nisbah di antara


bawah 65 tahun dan lebih kepada


15–64 tahun.

Taska

Taman asuhan kanak-kanak merujuk

kepada mana-mana premis yang

mempunyai empat orang atau lebih

kanak-kanak di bawah umur empat

tahun daripada satu isi rumah atau

lebih yang diterima masuk untuk

dijaga dengan upah (merujuk

kepada Tafsiran, Seksyen 2, Akta

Taman Asuhan Kanak-kanak 1984

(Akta 308)).

Total dependency ratio

Refers to the ratio of the number of

persons below the age of 15 years

and the number of persons aged 65

years and over to the number of

persons aged 15–64 years.

Young age dependency ratio


persons below the age of 15 years to

the number of persons aged

15–64 years.

Old age dependency ratio


persons aged 65 years and over to the

number of persons aged 15–64 years.

Child Care Centre

Child Care Centre means any

premises at which four or more

children under the age of four years

from more than one household are

received to be looked after for reward

(as per interpretation, Section 2, Child

Care Centre Act 1984 (Act 308).


114

Taska berdaftar

Taska berdaftar merujuk kepada

mana-mana taman asuhan kanak-

kanak yang didaftarkan di bawah

Akta Taman Asuhan Kanak-kanak

1984 (Akta 308).

4.3 PENDIDIKAN

Kadar literasi

Merujuk kepada penduduk yang

mempunyai pendidikan formal.

Kadar literasi diproksikan daripada

variabel persekolahan yang sedang

bersekolah dan telah tamat

persekolahan daripada PTB.

Enrolmen

Merujuk kepada murid yang

mengikut persekolahan di sekolah

kerajaan dan bantuan kerajaan.

Enrolmen peringkat rendah


mengikuti persekolahan di sekolah

kerajaan dan bantuan kerajaan

pada peringkat rendah.

Enrolmen peringkat menengah


mengikuti persekolahan di

sekolah kerajaan dan bantuan

kerajaan pada peringkat

menengah.

Registered Child Care Centre

Registered Child Care Centre means

any child care centre which is

registered under the Child Care

Centre Act 1984(Act 308).

4.3 EDUCATION

Literacy rate

Literacy rate is defined as the

population who have formal

education. Literacy rate is proxy from

the school attendance variable which

is schooling and completed schooling

from LFS.

Enrolment

Refers to the number of students

studying in government or

government–aided schools.

Enrolment at primary level



government–aided schools at primary

level.

Enrolment at secondary level



government–aided schools at

secondary level.


115

Enrolmen peringkat tertiari

Merujuk kepada bilangan pelajar

yang sedang mengikuti pengajian di

sesebuah institusi pendidikan tinggi,

termasuk pelajar baharu bagi

sesuatu sesi pengajian berkenaan.

Bilangan enrolmen ini adalah

dinamik dan berubah mengikut

masa pengumpulan data.

Gender pariti indeks

Merujuk kepada nisbah wanita

kepada lelaki bagi indikator

tertentu. Nilai indeks bersamaan satu

menunjukkan terdapat pariti di

antara gender.

Bidang pengajian

Merujuk kepada garis panduan Kod

Pendidikan Nasional yang

berpandukan International Standard

Classification of Education 1997

(ISCED 1997) yang diwujudkan oleh

United Nations Educational Scientific

and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)

bagi tujuan menyeragamkan

pengelasan program pengajian di

peringkat antarabangsa.

Kadar enrolmen kasar pra–sekolah

Merujuk kepada bilangan enrolmen

murid prasekolah diungkapkan

sebagai peratus kepada populasi

kumpulan umur rasmi pra–sekolah

(4–5 tahun).

Enrolment at tertiary level


currently pursuing study programmes

in a particular higher education

institution, including any intake of

new students for a

particularacademic session. Enrolment

targets were dynamic in the sense that

they may change according to the

data collection period.

Gender parity index

Refers to ratio of women to men for a

particular indicator. Index of one

denotes the presence of gender

parities.

Field of study

Refers to the guidelines provided in

the National Education Code (NEC)

with reference to the International

Standard Classification of Education

1997 (ISCED 1997), established by the

United Nations Educational Scientific

and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

for the purpose of uniformity in the

classification.

Gross enrolment rate at pre–school

level

Total enrolment in pre–school

expressed as a percentage to the

eligible official pre-school age

population in a given pre-school year

(4–5 years).


116

Kadar enrolmen kasar peringkat

rendah


murid peringkat rendah diungkapkan


kumpulan umur rasmi peringkat

rendah (6–11 tahun).


menengah


murid peringkat menengah

diungkap sebagai peratus kepada

populasi kumpulan umur rasmi

peringkat menengah (12–16 tahun).


tertiari


pelajar peringkat tertiari diungkap


kumpulan umur rasmi peringkat

tertiari (18–22 tahun).

Kadar pengambilan kasar peringkat

rendah


murid tahun pertama peringkat

rendah (Tahun 1), diungkapkan


penduduk kumpulan umur rasmi

tahun pertama peringkat rendah

(6 tahun).


menengah



menengah (Tingkatan 1),

diungkapkan sebagai peratus

Gross enrolment rate at primary level

Total enrolment in primary level


eligibleofficial primary level age

population (6–11 years old).

Gross enrolment rate at secondary

level

Total enrolment in secondary level


eligible official secondary level age


Gross enrolment rate at tertiary level

Total enrolment in tertiary level


eligible official tertiary level age


Gross intake rate at primary level

Total number of new entrants in the

first grade (Year 1) of primary

education, regardless of age,

expressed as a percentage of the

population at the official primary

school entrance age (6 years).

Gross intake rate at secondary level


first grade (Form 1) of secondary




117

kepada populasi penduduk

kumpulan umur rasmi tahun pertama

peringkat menengah (12 tahun).


tertiari



tertiari (Tahun pertama),


kepada populasi penduduk

kumpulan umur rasmi tahun pertama

peringkat pengajian tertiari

(18 tahun).

Kadar peralihan rendah ke

menengah rendah

Merujuk kepada bilangan murid

tahun pertama peringkat menengah

(Tingkatan 1) tahun tersebut,


kepada bilangan murid dalam tahun

akhir peringkat rendah (Tahun 6)

pada tahun sebelumnya.

Kadar peralihan menengah rendah

ke menengah atas


dalam tahun pertama peringkat

menengah atas (Tingkatan 4) tahun

tersebut, diungkapkan sebagai

peratus kepada bilangan murid

dalam tahun akhir peringkat

menengah rendah (Tingkatan 3)

pada tahun sebelumnya.

population at the official secondary

school entrance age (12 years).

Gross intake rate at tertiary level


first grade (First year) of tertiary



population at the official tertiary

education (18 years).

Transition rate primary to lower

secondary

Number of students attending the first

grade of lower secondary school

(Form 1), as a percentage of those

attending the final grade of primary

school (Year 6).

Transition rate lower secondary to

upper secondary


grade of upper secondary school

(Form 4) as a percentage of those

attending the final grade of lower

secondary (Form 3).


118

Kadar peralihan menengah atas ke

lepas menengah


dalam tahun pertama peringkat

lepasan menengah tahun tersebut,


kepada bilangan murid dalam tahun

akhir peringkat menengah atas

(Tingkatan 5) pada tahun

sebelumnya.

Kadar tamat pendidikan peringkat

rendah

Merujuk kepada peratusan kohort

murid dalam tahun pertama

peringkat rendah yang dijangka

kekal sehingga tahun akhir

persekolahan peringkat rendah.

Kadar tamat pendidikan peringkat

menengah

Merujuk kepada peratusan kohort

murid dalam tahun pertama

peringkat rendah yang dijangka

kekal sehingga tahun akhir

persekolahan peringkat rendah.

Pra–sekolah

Pendidikan pra–sekolah adalah satu

program yang menyediakan

pengalaman pembelajaran kanak-

kanak berumur empat hingga enam

tahun dalam jangka masa satu

tahun atau lebih sebelum memasuki

ke tahun satu.

Transition rate upper secondary to post

secondary


grade of post secondary school as a

percentage of those attending the

final grade of upper secondary

(Form 5).

Completion rate primary level

Percentage of a cohort of students in

the first grade of primary level of

education who are expected to

reach the last grade of primary level.

Completion rate secondary level

Percentage of a cohort of students in

the first grade of secondary level of

education who are expected to

reach the last grade of secondary

level.

Pre–school

Pre–school education is a programme

that exposes children aged four to six

years to the learning experience within

a or more before entering year one.


119

Pencapaian pendidikan

Merujuk kepada peringkat tertinggi

seseorang itu telah menamatkan

atau sedang mengikuti persekolahan

di institusi pendidikan awam atau

swasta yang menyediakan

pendidikan rasmi dan dikategorikan

seperti berikut:

i. Tiada pendidikan rasmi

Merujuk kepada mereka yang

tidak pernah menghadiri mana-

mana institusi pendidikan yang

memberi pendidikan secara rasmi.

ii. Rendah


telah mencapai pendidikan

tertinggi di peringkat Tahun 1

hingga 6 atau yang setaraf.

iii. Menengah


telah mencapai pendidikan

tertinggi di peringkat Tingkatan 1

hingga 5 (termasuk kelas

peralihan), General Certificate of

Education (GCE) O Level atau

yang setaraf. Ini termasuk

program kemahiran asas di institusi

latihan kemahiran khusus dan

teknikal yang mana tempoh

pengajian adalah sekurang-

kurangnya enam bulan.

Educational attainment

Refers to the highest level in which a

person has completed schooling or is

currently attending school in a public

or private educational institution that

provides formal education and is

categorized as follows:

i. No formal education

Refers to persons who have never

attended school in any of the

educational institutions that provide

formal education.

ii. Primary

Refers to those whose highest level

of education attained is from

Standard 1 to 6 or equivalent.

iii. Secondary

Refers to those whose highest level

of education attained is from Form

1 to 5 (including remove class),

General Certificat of Education

(GCE) 0 Level or equivalent. This

includes basic skillprograms in

specific trades and technical skills

institutions whereby the training

period is at least six months.


120

4.4 KESIHATAN DAN PERKHIDMATAN

BERKAITAN

Kematian kurang daripada 5 tahun

Merujuk kepada kematian bayi dan

kanak-kanak yang berumur kurang

daripada lima tahun.

Kematian ibu bersalin

Merujuk kepada kematian seorang

wanita yang hamil, ketika melahirkan

anak sehingga selepas 42 hari

melahirkan anak atau keguguran

akibat daripada proses kehamilan

dan pengendaliannya atau

penyakit−penyakit yang menjejaskan

kesihatan ibu dan bukan dari

penyebab-penyebab kemalangan

atau kebetulan.

Liputan ibu mengandung

Merujuk kepada lawatan antenatal

pertama ibu mengandung.

Liputan ibu mengandung yang diberi

Tetanus Toxoid

Merujuk kepada ibu mengandung

yang diberikan dos kedua atau dos

semula Tetanus Toxoid.

Kelahiran yang disambut oleh

kakitangan terlatih

Merujuk kepada bilangan kelahiran

yang disambut oleh kakitangan

terlatih sama ada di hospital

kerajaan atau swasta.

4.4 HEALTH AND RELATE SERVICES

Under−5 mortality

Refers to deaths of infants and

toddlers aged below five years.

Maternal deaths

Refers to deaths of a woman while

pregnant or within 42 days after the

termination of pregnancy, irrespective

of the duration and site of the

pregnancy, from any cause related to

or aggravated by the pregnancy or its

management but not from accidental

causes.

Antenatal care coverage

Refers to first visit of antenatal care

coverage.

Coverage of antenatal mothers for

Tetanus Toxoid

Refers to antenatal mothers given

second dose or booster dose of

Tetanus Toxoid.

Deliveries attended by personnel

skilled

Refers to the number of deliveries

attended by personnel skilled either

government or private hospitals.


121

Jangkaan hayat ketika lahir

Merujuk kepada purata tahun bayi

yang baru lahir dijangka akan dapat

hidup jika bayi tersebut mengalami

kadar mortaliti pada umur tertentu

bagi tempoh rujukan seluruh

hidupnya.

Akses kepada ubat anti retroviral

Peratusan pesakit dewasa dan

kanak-kanak yang menerima terapi

anti-retroviral mengikut protokol

nasional yang diluluskan (atau World

Health Organization (WHO)/Program

Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu

(PBB) Bersama mengenai HIV dan

AIDS) berbanding bilangan orang

yang layak mendapat rawatan.

Nominator (bilangan orang yang

menerima terapi anti-retroviral)

diperoleh dari sistem laporan

program kebangsaan yang

dikumpulkan daripada kemudahan

kesihatan atau sistem penyampaian

perkhidmatan lain. Denominator

(jumlah bilangan orang yang layak

untuk terapi anti-retroviral) dijana

menggunakan kaedah pemodelan

statistik yang seragam.

Sebab kematian disahkan

Merujuk kepada pengesahan yang

dibuat oleh Pegawai Perubatan dan

Koroner sahaja. Koroner merupakan

pegawai awam yang menyiasat kes

kematian mengejut yang puncanya

disyaki ada kaitan dengan kes

jenayah.

Life expectancy at birth

Refers to an estimate of the average

number of years a newborn baby is

expected to live, if he or she were to

experience the age-specific mortality

rates of the reference period

throughout his or her life.

Access to antiretroviral drugs

Percentage of adults and children

currently receiving antiretroviral

therapy according to nationally

approved treatment protocol (or

WHO/Joint United Nations Programs

on HIV and AIDS standards) among

the estimated number of people

eligible for treatment. Numerator

(the number of people receiving

antiretroviral therapy) is derived from

national program reporting system, is

collected from health facilities or other

service delivery site. Denominator (the

total number of people eligible

forantiretroviral therapy) were

generated using a standardized

statistical modeling approach.

Medically certified cause of death

Refers to verification made by Medical

Officer and Coroner only. The coroner

is a public officer who investigated

cases of sudden death that the cause

is suspected to be related to a

criminal case.


122

4.5 KEHIDUPAN AWAM DAN PEMBUAT

KEPUTUSAN

Dewan Negara

Merujuk kepada dua kategori seperti

berikut yang terdiri daripada 70

orang ahli:

26 ahli yang dipilih oleh Dewan

Undangan Negeri sebagai

mewakili 13 negeri (setiap negeri

diwakili oleh dua orang ahli); dan

44 ahli yang dilantik oleh Seri

Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan

Agong atas nasihat Perdana

Menteri, termasuk dua ahli dari

W.P. Kuala Lumpur dan satu ahli

masing-masing dari W.P. Labuan

dan W.P. Putrajaya.

Dewan Rakyat

Dewan Rakyat mempunyai seramai

222 ahli yang dipilih melalui pilihan

raya dan setiap ahli mewakili satu

kawasan pilihan raya. Setiap ahli

Dewan Rakyat memegang jawatan

selama lima tahun dan selepas itu

pilihan raya yang baru akan

diadakan.

Ahli Kabinet

Ahli Kabinet merupakan badan

eksekutif yang dipegang oleh Seri

Paduka Baginda Yang di−Pertuan

Agong. Di bawah Perkara 43,

Perlembagaan Persekutuan, Yang di-

Pertuan Agong hendaklah melantik

barisan Ahli Kabinet untuk

menasihatkan baginda dalam hal

ehwal menjalankan tugas-tugasnya.

4.5 PUBLIC LIFE AND DECISION MAKING

Senate

Refers to two categories consists of 70

members:

26 members elected by the State

Legislative Assembly to represent

13 states (each state represented

by two members); and

44 members appointed by Seri

Paduka Baginda Yang Di-Pertuan

Agong on the advice of the Prime

Minister, including two members

from the W.P. Kuala Lumpur and

one member each from the W.P.

Labuan and W.P. Putrajaya.

House of Representatives

The House of Representative consists

of 222 members elected by people

through a general election, where

each member represents a

constituency. Members of the House

of Representatives hold a position for

period of five years and after that new

election will be held.

Cabinet Members

The Cabinet Members is the executive

body practising powers held by Seri

Paduka Baginda Yang di−Pertuan

Agong. Under the Article 43, the

Federal Constitution Yang di-Pertuan

Agong shall appoint the cabinet

members to advise him in the affairs of

his work.


123

4.6 HAK ASASI WANITA DAN

KANAK−KANAK PEREMPUAN

Homisid

Merujuk kepada pembunuhan

seorang manusia oleh manusia lain.

Pembunuhan adalah lebih luas

skopnya daripada membunuh.

Membunuh adalah satu bentuk

pembunuhan jenayah; lain-lain

bentuk pembunuhan mungkin bukan

merupakan perbuatan jenayah. Kes

pembunuhan ini dianggap sebagai

wajar atau dimaafkan.

Sebagai contoh, individu boleh,

dalam tindakan yang perlu untuk

pertahanan diri, membunuh

seseorang yang mengancam

mereka dengan kematian

ataukecederaan serius.

Perkahwinan

Merujuk kepada perbuatan,

upacara atau proses di mana

hubungan yang sah dibina dari segi

perundangan di antara pasangan

suami dan isteri. Penyatuan yang sah

yang telah ditetapkan oleh sivil,

agama atau lain–lain upacara yang

diiktiraf oleh undang-undang

sesebuah negara (United Nations).

Kadar kesuburan remaja

Merujuk kepada bilangan kelahiran

bagi kumpulan umur 15–19 tahun

dalam sesuatu tahun bagi setiap

1,000 wanita dalam kumpulan umur

berkenaan.

4.6 HUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN AND GIRL

CHILDREN

Homicide

The killing of one human being by

another human being. Homicide is

broader in scope than murder. Murder

is a form of criminal homicide; other

forms of homicide might not constitute

criminal acts. These homicidesare

regarded as justified or excusable.

For example, individuals may, in a

necessary act of Self–Defense, kill a

person who threatens them with death

or serious injury.

Marriage

The act, ceremony or process by

which the legal relationship of

husband and wife is constituted. The

legality of the union may be

established by civil, religious or other

means recognized by the law of each

country.

Adolescent birth rate

Refers to the number of births within

age group 15–19 years during a given

year, per 1,000 women in that age

group.


124

5. Formula/ Formulae

i. Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh

Labour force participation rate

ii. Kadar pengangguran

Unemployment rate

iii. Jumlah nisbah tanggungan

Total dependency ratio

Bilangan penduduk umur 15-64 tahun dalam

tahun t

= Bilangan penganggur

Bilangan penduduk dalam tenaga buruh x 100

Bilangan penduduk umur bawah 15 tahun dalam

tahun t + bilangan penduduk umur 65 tahun dan

lebih dalam tahun t = x 100

Number of persons aged 15-64 years in year t

(Number of persons aged below 15 years +

number of persons aged 65 years and over)

in year t = x 100

Number of persons in the labour force

Number of unemployed persons

= x 100

Bilangan penduduk umur bekerja (15–64 tahun)

Bilangan penduduk dalam tenaga buruh = x 100

Number of persons in the working age (15–64 years)

Number of persons in the labour force = x 100


125

iv. Nisbah tanggungan umur muda

Young age dependency ratio

v. Nisbah tanggungan umur tua

Old age dependency ratio

vi. Kadar literasi

Literacy rate


tahun t

Bilangan penduduk umur bawah 15 tahun dalam

tahun t

= x 100


Number of persons aged below 15 years

in year t = x 100


tahun t

Bilangan penduduk umur 65 tahun dan lebih

dalam tahun t = x 100


Number of persons aged 65 years and over

in year t = x 100

Penduduk dalam kumpulan umur yang sama

Bilangan penduduk celik huruf dalam kumpulan

umur tertentu = x 100

Total population in the same age group

Number of persons literate in specific age group = x 100


126

vii. Kadar enrolmen kasar peringkat rendah

Gross enrolment rate at primary level

viii. Kadar enrolmen kasar peringkat menengah

Gross enrolment rate at secondary level

ix. Kadar enrolmen kasar peringkat tertiari

Gross enrolment rate at tertiary level

Bilangan penduduk umur 18–22 tahun dalam

tahun t

Bilangan penduduk umur 12–16 tahun dalam

tahun t

Bilangan penduduk umur 6–11 tahun dalam tahun t

Bilangan enrolmen peringkat rendah = x 100

Total population in the age group 6–11 years old

in year t

Number of enrolment at primary level = x 100

Bilangan enrolmen peringkat menengah x 100


in year t

Number of enrolment at secondary level = x 100

Bilangan enrolmen peringkat tertiari


in year t

Number of enrolment at tertiary level = x 100

=

x 100 =


127

x. Kadar pengambilan kasar peringkat rendah

Gross intake rate at primary level

xi. Kadar pengambilan kasar peringkat menengah

Gross intake rate at secondary level

xii. Kadar kemasukan kasar peringkat tertiari

Gross intake rate at tertiary level

Bilangan penduduk umur 6 tahun dalam tahun t

Bilangan enrolmen murid tahun pertama

Peringkat rendah (Tahun 1)

Population at the official primary school–entrance

age (6 years old) in year t

Number of enrolment in the first grade of primary

level (Year 1) = x 100

x 100 =


Bilangan enrolmen murid tahun pertama

peringkat menengah (Tingkatan 1)

Number of enrolment in the first grade of secondary

level (Form 1) =

x 100 =

Population at the official secondary school–entrance


x 100


Bilangan enrolmen pelajar tahun pertama

peringkat tertiari

Number of enrolment in the first grade of tertiary

level =

x 100 =

Population at the official tertiary college–entrance


x 100


128

xiii. Kadar peralihan rendah ke menengah rendah

Transition rate primary to lower secondary

xiv. Kadar peralihan menengah rendah ke menengah atas

Transition rate lower secondary to upper secondary

xv. Kadar peralihan menengah atas ke lepas menengah

Transition rate upper secondary to post secondary

Bilangan enrolmen murid tahun akhir peringkat

rendah (Tahun 6) tahun sebelumnya

Bilangan enrolmen murid tahun pertama peringkat

menengah (Tingkatan 1) tahun t

Number of enrolment in the first grade of lower

secondary school (Form 1) =

x 100 =

Number of enrolment in the final grade of primary

school in the previous year (Year 6)

x 100


menengah rendah (Tingkatan 3) tahun sebelumnya

Bilangan enrolmen murid tahun pertama peringkat

menengah atas (Tingkatan 4) tahun t

Number of enrolment in the first grade of upper

secondary school (Form 4) in year t =

x 100 =

Number of enrolment in the final grade of lower

secondary in the previous year (Form 3)

x 100


menengah atas (Tingkatan 5) tahun sebelumnya

Bilangan enrolmen murid tahun pertama lepasan

menengah tahun t

Number of enrolment in the first grade of post

secondary school in year t =

x 100 =

Number of enrolment in the final grade of upper

secondary in the previous year (Form 5)

x 100


129

xvi. Kadar tamat pendidikan peringkat rendah

Completion rate primary level

xvii. Kadar tamat pendidikan peringkat menengah

Completion rate secondary level

xviii. Kadar pariti gender

Gender parity index

Bilangan enrolmen murid kohort sama semasa

tahun pertama peringkat rendah (Tahun 1)

pada tahun t–5


rendah (Tahun 6) pada tahun t

Number of enrolment in the last grade of primary

(Year 6) in year t =

x 100 =

Number of enrolment in the same cohort in the first

grade of primary education (Year 1) in year t–5

x 100

Bilangan enrolmen murid kohort sama semasa

tahun pertama peringkat menengah (Tingkatan 1)

pada tahun t–4


menengah (Tingkatan 5) pada tahun t

Number of enrolment in the last grade of secondary

(Form 5) in year t =

x 100 =

Number of enrolment in the same cohort in the first

grade of secondary education (Form 1) in year t–4

x 100

Nisbah enrolmen kasar lelaki

Nisbah enrolmen kasar perempuan

Gross enrolment ratio for women =

x 100 =

Gross enrolment ratio for men

x 100


130

xix. Kadar mortaliti kurang 5 tahun

Under-5 mortality rate

xx. Nisbah mortaliti ibu bersalin

Maternal mortality ratio

xxi. Peratus liputan ibu mengandung (lawatan pertama)

Percentage of antenatal care coverage (first visit)

Bilangan kelahiran hidup dalam tahun t

Bilangan kematian berumur kurang lima tahun

dalam tahun t

Number of deaths under five years in year t =

x 100 =

Number of live births in year t

x 100

Bilangan kelahiran hidup dalam tahun t

Bilangan kematian yang disebabkan oleh kesulitan

semasa hamil atau semasa melahirkan anak atau

kematian dalam tempoh 42 hari selepas bersalin

dalam tahun t

Number of deaths under five years in year t

x 100 =

Number of live births in year t

Number of deaths which are caused by

complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the

puerperium, within the period of 42 days after

childbirth in year t x 100 =

Anggaran bilangan ibu mengandung

Bilangan kehadiran ibu mengandung

(lawatan pertama)


x 100 =

Estimated number of pregnant mothers

Number of antenatal attendances (first visit)

x 100 =


131

xxii. Peratus liputan ibu mengandung yang diberi Tetanus Toxoid

Percentage of coverage for antenatal mothers for Tetanus Toxoid

xxiii. Peratus kelahiran yang disambut oleh kakitangan terlatih

Percentage of deliveries attended by personnel skills

xxiv. Kadar kesuburan umur tertentu

Age-specific fertility rate

Anggaran bilangan ibu mengandung

Bilangan kehadiran ibu mengandung yang

diberikan suntikan kedua Tetanus Toxoid


x 100 =

Estimated number of pregnant mothers

Number of antenatal mother given second

Tetanus Toxoid x 100 =

Jumlah kelahiran

Bilangan kelahiran yang disambut oleh

kakitangan terlatih


x 100 =

Total deliveries

Number of deliveries attended by

trained personnel x 100 =

Penduduk perempuan pertengahan tahun bagi

kumpulan umur tertentu dalam tahun t

Bilangan kelahiran hidup mengikut kumpulan umur ibu

tertentu dalam tahun t


x 100 =

Mid-year women population of the specific age

group in year t

Number of live births by specific age group of

mother in year t x 100 =


132

1

6. Pembundaran

Hasil tambah mungkin berbeza

disebabkan pembundaran.

7. Nota dan Simbol

e Anggaran

p Permulaan

r Dikemaskini

n.a Tidak berkenaan

0.0 Kurang daripada setengah

unit terkecil yang ditunjukkan

Misalnya,kurang daripada

0.05 peratus

RM Ringgit Malaysia

W.P. Wilayah Persekutuan

- Tiada/kosong/tiada kes

.. Tidak diperoleh

6. Rounding

The added total may differ due to

rounding.

7. Notes and Symbols

e Estimate

p Preliminary

r Revised

n.a Not applicable

0.0 Less than half the smallest

unit shown

For example, less than

0.05 per cent

RM Ringgit Malaysia

W.P. Wilayah Persekutuan

- Nil/blank/no case

.. Not available

LAMPIRAN

APPENDICES

LAMPIRAN APPENDICES

133

Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and targets

of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development*

Sustainable Development Goal indicators should be disaggregated, where relevant,

by income, sex, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability and geographic

location, or other characteristics, in accordance with the Fundamental Principles of

Official Statistics.1

Goals and targets (from the 2030 Agenda for

Sustainable Development)

Indicators

Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere

1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for

all people everywhere, currently measured

as people living on less than $1.25 a day

1.1.1 Proportion of population below the

international poverty line, by sex, age,

employment status and geographical

location (urban/rural)

1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the

proportion of men, women and children of

all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions

according to national definitions

1.2.1 Proportion of population living

below the national poverty line, by sex

and age

1.2.2 Proportion of men, women and

children of all ages living in poverty in all

its dimensions according to national

definitions

1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social

protection systems and measures for all,

including floors, and by 2030 achieve

substantial coverage of the poor and the

vulnerable

1.3.1 Proportion of population covered

by social protection floors/systems, by

sex, distinguishing children, unemployed

persons, older persons, persons with

disabilities, pregnant women, newborns,

work-injury victims and the poor and the

vulnerable

1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and

women, in particular the poor and the

vulnerable, have equal rights to economic

resources, as well as access to basic

services, ownership and control over land

and other forms of property, inheritance,

natural resources, appropriate new

technology and financial services, including

microfinance

1.4.1 Proportion of population living in

households with access to basic services

1.4.2 Proportion of total adult population

with secure tenure rights to land, with

legally recognized documentation and

who perceive their rights to land as

secure, by sex and by type of tenure

1.5 By 2030, build the resilience of the poor

and those in vulnerable situations and

reduce their exposure and vulnerability to

climate-related extreme events and other

1.5.1 Number of deaths, missing persons

and directly affected persons attributed

to disasters per 100,000 population

LAMPIRAN APPENDICES

134

economic, social and environmental shocks

and disasters

1.5.2 Direct economic loss attributed to

disasters in relation to global gross

domestic product (GDP)

1.5.3 Number of countries that adopt

and implement national disaster risk

reduction strategies in line with the

Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk

Reduction 2015–2030

1.5.4 Proportion of local governments

that adopt and implement local disaster

risk reduction strategies in line with

national disaster risk reduction strategies

1.a Ensure significant mobilization of

resources from a variety of sources,

including through enhanced development

cooperation, in order to provide adequate

and predictable means for developing

countries, in particular least developed

countries, to implement programmes and

policies to end poverty in all its dimensions

1.a.1 Proportion of domestically

generated resources allocated by the

government directly to poverty

reduction programmes

1.a.2 Proportion of total government

spending on essential services

(education, health and social

protection)

1.a.3 Sum of total grants and non-debt-

creating inflows directly allocated to

poverty reduction programmes as a

proportion of GDP

1.b Create sound policy frameworks at the

national, regional and international levels,

based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive

development strategies, to support

accelerated investment in poverty

eradication actions

1.b.1 Proportion of government

recurrent and capital spending to

sectors that disproportionately benefit

women, the poor and vulnerable

groups

Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote

sustainable agriculture

2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access

by all people, in particular the poor and

people in vulnerable situations, including

infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food

all year round

2.1.1Prevalence of undernourishment

2.1.2 Prevalence of moderate or severe

food insecurity in the population, based

on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale

(FIES)

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2.2 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition,

including achieving, by 2025, the

internationally agreed targets on stunting

and wasting in children under 5 years of

age, and address the nutritional needs of

adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating

women and older persons

2.2.1 Prevalence of stunting (height for

age <-2 standard deviation from the

median of the World Health

Organization (WHO) Child Growth

Standards) among children under

5 years of age

2.2.2 Prevalence of malnutrition (weight

for height >+2 or <-2 standard deviation

from the median of the WHO Child

Growth Standards) among children

under 5 years of age, by type (wasting

and overweight)

2.3 By 2030, double the agricultural

productivity and incomes of small-scale

food producers, in particular women,

indigenous peoples, family farmers,

pastoralists and fishers, including through

secure and equal access to land, other

productive resources and inputs,

knowledge, financial services, markets and

opportunities for value addition and non-

farm employment

2.3.1 Volume of production per labour

unit by classes of

farming/pastoral/forestry enterprise size

2.3.2 Average income of small-scale

food producers, by sex and indigenous

status

2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food

production systems and implement resilient

agricultural practices that increase

productivity and production, that help

maintain ecosystems, that strengthen

capacity for adaptation to climate change,

extreme weather, drought, flooding and

other disasters and that progressively

improve land and soil quality

2.4.1 Proportion of agricultural area

under productive and sustainable

agriculture

2.5 By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of

seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and

domesticated animals and their related wild

species, including through soundly

managed and diversified seed and plant

banks at the national, regional and

international levels, and promote access to

and fair and equitable sharing of benefits

arising from the utilization of genetic

resources and associated traditional

knowledge, as internationally agreed

2.5.1 Number of plant and animal

genetic resources for food and

agriculture secured in either medium- or

long-term conservation facilities

2.5.2 Proportion of local breeds

classified as being at risk, not at risk or at

unknown level of risk of extinction

2.a Increase investment, including through

enhanced international cooperation, in

2.a.1 The agriculture orientation index

for government expenditures

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rural infrastructure, agricultural research and

extension services, technology

development and plant and livestock gene

banks in order to enhance agricultural

productive capacity in developing


countries

2.a.2 Total official flows (official

development assistance plus other

official flows) to the agriculture sector

2.b Correct and prevent trade restrictions

and distortions in world agricultural markets,

including through the parallel elimination of

all forms of agricultural export subsidies and

all export measures with equivalent effect,

in accordance with the mandate of the

Doha Development Round

2.b.1 Agricultural export subsidies

2.c Adopt measures to ensure the proper

functioning of food commodity markets and

their derivatives and facilitate timely access

to market information, including on food

reserves, in order to help limit extreme food

price volatility

2.c.1 Indicator of food price anomalies

Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

3.1 By 2030, reduce the global maternal

mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live

births

3.1.1 Maternal mortality ratio

3.1.2 Proportion of births attended by

skilled health personnel

3.2 By 2030, end preventable deaths of

newborns and children under 5 years of

age, with all countries aiming to reduce

neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12

per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to

at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births

3.2.1 Under-5 mortality rate

3.2.2 Neonatal mortality rate

3.3 By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS,

tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical

diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne

diseases and other communicable diseases

3.3.1 Number of new HIV infections per

1,000 uninfected population, by sex,

age and key populations

3.3.2 Tuberculosis incidence per 100,000

population

3.3.3 Malaria incidence per 1,000

population

3.3.4 Hepatitis B incidence per 100,000

population

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3.3.5 Number of people requiring

interventions against neglected tropical

diseases

3.4 By 2030, reduce by one third premature

mortality from non-communicable diseases

through prevention and treatment and

promote mental health and well-being

3.4.1 Mortality rate attributed to

cardiovascular disease, cancer,

diabetes or chronic respiratory disease

3.4.2 Suicide mortality rate

3.5 Strengthen the prevention and

treatment of substance abuse, including

narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of

alcohol

3.5.1 Coverage of treatment

interventions (pharmacological,

psychosocial and rehabilitation and

aftercare services) for substance use

disorders

3.5.2 Harmful use of alcohol, defined

according to the national context as

alcohol per capita consumption (aged

15 years and older) within a calendar

year in litres of pure alcohol

3.6 By 2020, halve the number of global

deaths and injuries from road traffic

accidents

3.6.1 Death rate due to road traffic

injuries

3.7 By 2030, ensure universal access to

sexual and reproductive health-care

services, including for family planning,

information and education, and the

integration of reproductive health into

national strategies and programmes

3.7.1 Proportion of women of

reproductive age (aged 15–49 years)

who have their need for family planning

satisfied with modern methods

3.7.2 Adolescent birth rate (aged 10–14

years; aged 15–19 years) per 1,000

women in that age group

3.8 Achieve universal health coverage,

including financial risk protection, access to

quality essential health-care services and

access to safe, effective, quality and

affordable essential medicines and

vaccines for all

3.8.1 Coverage of essential health

services (defined as the average

coverage of essential services based on

tracer interventions that include

reproductive, maternal, newborn and

child health, infectious diseases, non-

communicable diseases and service

capacity and access, among the

general and the most disadvantaged

population)

3.8.2 Proportion of population with large

household expenditures on health as a

share of total household expenditure or

income

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3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number

of deaths and illnesses from hazardous

chemicals and air, water and soil pollution

and contamination


household and ambient air pollution

3.9.2 Mortality rate attributed to unsafe

water, unsafe sanitation and lack of

hygiene (exposure to unsafe Water,

Sanitation and Hygiene for All (WASH)

services)


unintentional poisoning

3.a Strengthen the implementation of the

World Health Organization Framework

Convention on Tobacco Control in all

countries, as appropriate

3.a.1 Age-standardized prevalence of

current tobacco use among persons

aged 15 years and older

3.b Support the research and development

of vaccines and medicines for the

communicable and non-communicable

diseases that primarily affect developing

countries, provide access to affordable

essential medicines and vaccines, in

accordance with the Doha Declaration on

the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health,

which affirms the right of developing

countries to use to the full the provisions in

the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of

Intellectual Property Rights regarding

flexibilities to protect public health, and, in

particular, provide access to medicines for

all

3.b.1 Proportion of the target population

covered by all vaccines included in

their national

Programme

3.b.2 Total net official development

assistance to medical research and

basic health sectors

3.b.3 Proportion of health facilities that

have a core set of relevant essential

medicines available and affordable on

a sustainable basis

3.c Substantially increase health financing

and the recruitment, development, training

and retention of the health workforce in

developing countries, especially in least

developed countries and small island

developing States

3.c.1 Health worker density and

distribution

3.d Strengthen the capacity of all countries,

in particular developing countries, for early

warning, risk reduction and management of

national and global health risks

3.d.1 International Health Regulations

(IHR) capacity and health emergency

preparedness

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Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning

opportunities for all

4.1 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys

complete free, equitable and quality

primary and secondary education leading

to relevant and effective learning outcomes

4.1.1 Proportion of children and young

people (a) in grades 2/3; (b) at the end

of primary; and (c) at the end of lower

secondary achieving at least a

minimum proficiency level in (i) reading

and (ii) mathematics, by sex

4.2 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys

have access to quality early childhood

development, care and pre-primary

education so that they are ready for primary

education

4.2.1 Proportion of children under

5 years of age who are

developmentally on track in health,

learning and psychosocial well-being,

by sex

4.2.2 Participation rate in organized

learning (one year before the official

primary entry age), by sex

4.3 By 2030, ensure equal access for all

women and men to affordable and quality

technical, vocational and tertiary

education, including university

4.3.1 Participation rate of youth and

adults in formal and non-formal

education and training in the previous

12 months, by sex

4.4 By 2030, substantially increase the

number of youth and adults who have

relevant skills, including technical and

vocational skills, for employment, decent

jobs and entrepreneurship

4.4.1 Proportion of youth and adults with

information and communications

technology (ICT) skills, by type of skill

4.5 By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in

education and ensure equal access to all

levels of education and vocational training

for the vulnerable, including persons with

disabilities, indigenous peoples and children

in vulnerable situations

4.5.1 Parity indices (female/male,

rural/urban, bottom/top wealth quintile

and others such as disability status,

indigenous peoples and conflict-

affected, as data become available)

for all education indicators on this list

that can be disaggregated

4.6 By 2030, ensure that all youth and a

substantial proportion of adults, both men

and women, achieve literacy and

numeracy

4.6.1 Proportion of population in a given

age group achieving at least a fixed

level of proficiency in functional (a)

literacy and (b) numeracy skills, by sex

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4.7 By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire

the knowledge and skills needed to

promote sustainable development,

including, among others, through education

for sustainable development and

sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender

equality, promotion of a culture of peace

and non-violence, global citizenship and

appreciation of cultural diversity and of

culture’s contribution to sustainable

development

4.7.1 Extent to which (i) global

citizenship education and (ii) education

for sustainable development, including

gender equality and human rights, are

mainstreamed at all levels in (a)

national education policies; (b)

curricula; (c) teacher education; and

(d) student assessment

4.a Build and upgrade education facilities

that are child, disability and gender sensitive

and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and

effective learning environments for all

4.a.1 Proportion of schools with access

to (a) electricity; (b) the Internet for

pedagogical purposes; (c) computers

for pedagogical purposes; (d) adapted

infrastructure and materials for students

with disabilities; (e) basic drinking water;

(f) single-sex basic sanitation facilities;

and (g) basic handwashing facilities (as

per the WASH indicator definitions)

4.b By 2020, substantially expand globally

the number of scholarships available to

developing countries, in particular least

developed countries, small island

developing States and African countries, for

enrolment in higher education, including

vocational training and information and

communications technology, technical,

engineering and scientific programmes, in

developed countries and other developing

countries

4.b.1 Volume of official development

assistance flows for scholarships by

sector and type of study

4.c By 2030, substantially increase the supply

of qualified teachers, including through

international cooperation for teacher

training in developing countries, especially

least developed countries and small island

developing States

4.c.1 Proportion of teachers in: (a) pre-

primary; (b) primary; (c) lower

secondary; and (d) upper secondary

education who have received at least

the minimum organized teacher training

(e.g. pedagogical training) pre-service

or in-service required for teaching at the

relevant level in a given country

Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls

5.1 End all forms of discrimination against all

women and girls everywhere

5.1.1 Whether or not legal frameworks

are in place to promote, enforce and

monitor equality and non-discrimination

on the basis of sex

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5.2 Eliminate all forms of violence against all

women and girls in the public and private

spheres, including trafficking and sexual and

other types of exploitation

5.2.1 Proportion of ever-partnered

women and girls aged 15 years and

older subjected to physical, sexual or

psychological violence by a current or

former intimate partner in the previous

12 months, by form of violence and by

age

5.2.2 Proportion of women and girls

aged 15 years and older subjected to

sexual violence by persons other than

an intimate partner in the previous

12 months, by age and place of

occurrence

5.3 Eliminate all harmful practices, such as

child, early and forced marriage and

female genital mutilation

5.3.1 Proportion of women aged

20–24 years who were married or in a

union before age 15 and before age 18

5.3.2 Proportion of girls and women

aged 15–49 years who have undergone

female genital mutilation/cutting,

by age

5.4 Recognize and value unpaid care and

domestic work through the provision of

public services, infrastructure and social

protection policies and the promotion of

shared responsibility within the household

and the family as nationally appropriate

5.4.1 Proportion of time spent on unpaid

domestic and care work, by sex, age

and location

5.5 Ensure women’s full and effective

participation and equal opportunities for

leadership at all levels of decision-making in

political, economic and public life

5.5.1 Proportion of seats held by women

in (a) national parliaments and (b) local

governments

5.5.2 Proportion of women in

managerial positions

5.6 Ensure universal access to sexual and

reproductive health and reproductive rights

as agreed in accordance with the

Programme of Action of the International

Conference on Population and

Development and the Beijing Platform for

Action and the outcome documents of their

review conferences

5.6.1 Proportion of women aged

15–49 years who make their own

informed decisions regarding sexual

relations, contraceptive use and

reproductive health care

5.6.2 Number of countries with laws and

regulations that guarantee full and

equal access to women and men aged

15 years and older to sexual and

reproductive health care, information

and education

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5.a Undertake reforms to give women equal

rights to economic resources, as well as

access to ownership and control over land

and other forms of property, financial

services, inheritance and natural resources,

in accordance with national laws

5.a.1 (a) Proportion of total agricultural

population with ownership or secure

rights over agricultural land, by sex; and

(b) share of women among owners or

rights-bearers of agricultural land, by

type of tenure

5.a.2 Proportion of countries where the

legal framework (including customary

law) guarantees women’s equal rights

to land ownership and/or control

5.b Enhance the use of enabling

technology, in particular information and

communications technology, to promote

the empowerment of women

5.b.1 Proportion of individuals who own

a mobile telephone, by sex

5.c Adopt and strengthen sound policies

and enforceable legislation for the

promotion of gender equality and the

empowerment of all women and girls at all

levels

5.c.1 Proportion of countries with

systems to track and make public

allocations for gender equality and

women’s empowerment

Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable

access to safe and affordable drinking

water for all

6.1.1 Proportion of population using

safely managed drinking water services

6.2 By 2030, achieve access to adequate

and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all

and end open defecation, paying special

attention to the needs of women and girls

and those in vulnerable situations

6.2.1 Proportion of population using

safely managed sanitation services,

including a hand-washing facility with

soap and water

6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by

reducing pollution, eliminating dumping

and minimizing release of hazardous

chemicals and materials, halving the

proportion of untreated wastewater and

substantially increasing recycling and safe

reuse globally

6.3.1 Proportion of wastewater safely

treated

6.3.2 Proportion of bodies of water with

good ambient water quality

6.4 By 2030, substantially increase water-use

efficiency across all sectors and ensure

sustainable withdrawals and supply of

freshwater to address water scarcity and

substantially reduce the number of people

suffering from water scarcity

6.4.1 Change in water-use efficiency

over time

6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater

withdrawal as a proportion of available

freshwater resources

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6.5 By 2030, implement integrated water

resources management at all levels,

including through transboundary

cooperation as appropriate

6.5.1 Degree of integrated water

resources management implementation

(0–100)

6.5.2 Proportion of transboundary basin

area with an operational arrangement

for water cooperation

6.6 By 2020, protect and restore water-

related ecosystems, including mountains,

forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes

6.6.1 Change in the extent of water-

related ecosystems over time

6.a By 2030, expand international

cooperation and capacity-building support

to developing countries in water- and

sanitation-related activities and

programmes, including water harvesting,

desalination, water efficiency, wastewater

treatment, recycling and reuse technologies

6.a.1 Amount of water- and sanitation-

related official development assistance

that is part of a government-

coordinated spending plan

6.b Support and strengthen the

participation of local communities in

improving water and sanitation

management

6.b.1 Proportion of local administrative

units with established and operational

policies and procedures for

participation of local communities in

water and sanitation management

Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all

7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access to

affordable, reliable and modern energy

services

7.1.1 Proportion of population with

access to electricity

7.1.2 Proportion of population with

primary reliance on clean fuels and

technology

7.2 By 2030, increase substantially the share

of renewable energy in the global energy

mix

7.2.1 Renewable energy share in the

total final energy consumption

7.3 By 2030, double the global rate of

improvement in energy efficiency

7.3.1 Energy intensity measured in terms

of primary energy and GDP

7.a By 2030, enhance international

cooperation to facilitate access to clean

energy research and technology, including

renewable energy, energy efficiency and

advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel

technology, and promote investment in

energy infrastructure and clean energy

technology

7.a.1 International financial flows to

developing countries in support of clean

energy research and development and

renewable energy production, including

in hybrid systems

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7.b By 2030, expand infrastructure and

upgrade technology for supplying modern

and sustainable energy services for all in


developed countries, small island

developing States and landlocked

developing countries, in accordance with

their respective programmes of support

7.b.1 Investments in energy efficiency as

a proportion of GDP and the amount of

foreign direct investment in financial

transfer for infrastructure and

technology to sustainable development

services

Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and

productive employment and decent work for all

8.1 Sustain per capita economic growth in

accordance with national circumstances

and, in particular, at least 7 per cent gross

domestic product growth per annum in the

least developed countries

8.1.1 Annual growth rate of real GDP per

capita

8.2 Achieve higher levels of economic

productivity through diversification,

technological upgrading and innovation,

including through a focus on high-value

added and labour-intensive sectors

8.2.1 Annual growth rate of real GDP per

employed person

8.3 Promote development-oriented policies

that support productive activities, decent

job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity

and innovation, and encourage the

formalization and growth of micro-, small-

and medium-sized enterprises, including

through access to financial services

8.3.1 Proportion of informal employment

in non-agriculture employment, by sex

8.4 Improve progressively, through 2030,

global resource efficiency in consumption

and production and endeavour to

decouple economic growth from

environmental degradation, in accordance

with the 10-Year Framework of Programmes

on Sustainable Consumption and

Production, with developed countries taking

the lead

8.4.1 Material footprint, material

footprint per capita, and material

footprint per GDP

8.4.2 Domestic material consumption,

domestic material consumption per

capita, and domestic material

consumption per GDP

8.5 By 2030, achieve full and productive

employment and decent work for all

women and men, including for young

people and persons with disabilities, and

equal pay for work of equal value

8.5.1 Average hourly earnings of female

and male employees, by occupation,

age and persons with disabilities

8.5.2 Unemployment rate, by sex, age

and persons with disabilities

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8.6 By 2020, substantially reduce the

proportion of youth not in employment,

education or training

8.6.1 Proportion of youth (aged

15–24 years) not in education,

employment or training

8.7 Take immediate and effective measures

to eradicate forced labour, end modern

slavery and human trafficking and secure

the prohibition and elimination of the worst

forms of child labour, including recruitment

and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end

child labour in all its forms

8.7.1 Proportion and number of children

aged 5–17 years engaged in child

labour, by sex and age

8.8 Protect labour rights and promote safe

and secure working environments for all

workers, including migrant workers, in

particular women migrants, and those in

precarious employment

8.8.1 Frequency rates of fatal and non-

fatal occupational injuries, by sex and

migrant status

8.8.2 Level of national compliance with

labour rights (freedom of association

and collective bargaining) based on

International Labour Organization (ILO)

textual sources and national legislation,

by sex and migrant status

8.9 By 2030, devise and implement policies

to promote sustainable tourism that creates

jobs and promotes local culture and

products

8.9.1 Tourism direct GDP as a proportion

of total GDP and in growth rate

8.9.2 Proportion of jobs in sustainable

tourism industries out of total tourism jobs

8.10 Strengthen the capacity of domestic

financial institutions to encourage and

expand access to banking, insurance and

financial services for all

8.10.1 (a) Number of commercial bank

branches per 100,000 adults and (b)

number of automated teller machines

(ATMs) per 100,000 adults

8.10.2 Proportion of adults (15 years and

older) with an account at a bank or

other financial institution or with a

mobile-money-service provider

8.a Increase Aid for Trade support for


developed countries, including through the

Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-

related Technical Assistance to Least

Developed Countries

8.a.1 Aid for Trade commitments and

disbursements

8.b By 2020, develop and operationalize a

global strategy for youth employment and

implement the Global Jobs Pact of the

International Labour Organization

8.b.1 Existence of a developed and

operationalized national strategy for

youth employment, as a distinct

strategy or as part of a national

employment strategy

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Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization

and foster innovation

9.1 Develop quality, reliable, sustainable

and resilient infrastructure, including

regional and transborder infrastructure, to

support economic development and

human well-being, with a focus on

affordable and equitable access for all

9.1.1 Proportion of the rural population

who live within 2 km of an all-season

road

9.1.2 Passenger and freight volumes, by

mode of transport

9.2 Promote inclusive and sustainable

industrialization and, by 2030, significantly

raise industry’s share of employment and

gross domestic product, in line with national

circumstances, and double its share in least

developed countries

9.2.1 Manufacturing value added as a

proportion of GDP and per capita

9.2.2 Manufacturing employment as a

proportion of total employment

9.3 Increase the access of small-scale

industrial and other enterprises, in particular

in developing countries, to financial

services, including affordable credit, and

their integration into value chains and

markets

9.3.1 Proportion of small-scale industries

in total industry value added

9.3.2 Proportion of small-scale industries

with a loan or line of credit

9.4 By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and

retrofit industries to make them sustainable,

with increased resource-use efficiency and

greater adoption of clean and

environmentally sound technologies and

industrial processes, with all countries taking

action in accordance with their respective

capabilities

9.4.1 CO2 emission per unit of value

added

9.5 Enhance scientific research, upgrade

the technological capabilities of industrial

sectors in all countries, in particular

developing countries, including, by 2030,

encouraging innovation and substantially

increasing the number of research and

development workers per 1 million people

and public and private research and

development spending

9.5.1 Research and development

expenditure as a proportion of GDP

9.5.2 Researchers (in full-time

equivalent) per million inhabitants

9.a Facilitate sustainable and resilient

infrastructure development in developing

countries through enhanced financial,

technological and technical support to

African countries, least developed

countries, landlocked developing countries

and small island developing States

9.a.1 Total official international support

(official development assistance plus

other official flows) to infrastructure

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9.b Support domestic technology

development, research and innovation in

developing countries, including by ensuring

a conducive policy environment for, inter

alia, industrial diversification and value

addition to commodities

9.b.1 Proportion of medium and high-

tech industry value added in total value

added

9.c Significantly increase access to

information and communications

technology and strive to provide universal

and affordable access to the Internet in

least developed countries by 2020

9.c.1 Proportion of population covered

by a mobile network, by technology

Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries

10.1 By 2030, progressively achieve and

sustain income growth of the bottom

40 per cent of the population at a rate

higher than the national average

10.1.1 Growth rates of household

expenditure or income per capita

among the bottom 40 per cent of the

population and the total population

10.2 By 2030, empower and promote the

social, economic and political inclusion of

all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race,

ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or

other status

10.2.1 Proportion of people living below

50 per cent of median income, by sex,

age and persons with disabilities

10.3 Ensure equal opportunity and reduce

inequalities of outcome, including by

eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and

practices and promoting appropriate

legislation, policies and action in this regard

10.3.1 Proportion of population reporting

having personally felt discriminated

against or harassed in the previous

12 months on the basis of a ground of

discrimination prohibited under

international human rights law

10.4 Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage

and social protection policies, and

progressively achieve greater equality

10.4.1 Labour share of GDP, comprising

wages and social protection transfers

10.5 Improve the regulation and monitoring

of global financial markets and institutions

and strengthen the implementation of such

regulations

10.5.1 Financial Soundness Indicators

10.6 Ensure enhanced representation and

voice for developing countries in decision-

making in global international economic

and financial institutions in order to deliver

more effective, credible, accountable and

legitimate institutions

10.6.1 Proportion of members and

voting rights of developing countries in

international organizations

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10.7 Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and

responsible migration and mobility of

people, including through the

implementation of planned and

well-managed migration policies

10.7.1 Recruitment cost borne by

employee as a proportion of yearly

income earned in country of destination

10.7.2 Number of countries that have

implemented well-managed migration

policies

10.a Implement the principle of special and

differential treatment for developing


countries, in accordance with World Trade

Organization agreements

10.a.1 Proportion of tariff lines applied to

imports from least developed countries

and developing countries with zero-tariff

10.b Encourage official development

assistance and financial flows, including

foreign direct investment, to States where

the need is greatest, in particular least

developed countries, African countries,

small island developing States and

landlocked developing countries, in

accordance with their national plans and

programmes

10.b.1 Total resource flows for

development, by recipient and donor

countries and type of flow (e.g. official

development assistance, foreign direct

investment and other flows)

10.c By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent

the transaction costs of migrant remittances

and eliminate remittance corridors with

costs higher than 5 per cent

10.c.1 Remittance costs as a proportion

of the amount remitted

Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable

11.1 By 2030, ensure access for all to

adequate, safe and affordable housing and

basic services and upgrade slums

11.1.1 Proportion of urban population

living in slums, informal settlements or

inadequate housing

11.2 By 2030, provide access to safe,

affordable, accessible and sustainable

transport systems for all, improving road

safety, notably by expanding public

transport, with special attention to the

needs of those in vulnerable situations,

women, children, persons with disabilities

and older persons

11.2.1 Proportion of population that has

convenient access to public transport,

by sex, age and persons with disabilities

11.3 By 2030, enhance inclusive and

sustainable urbanization and capacity for

participatory, integrated and sustainable

human settlement planning and

management in all countries

11.3.1 Ratio of land consumption rate to

population growth rate

11.3.2 Proportion of cities with a direct

participation structure of civil society in

urban planning and management that

operate regularly and democratically

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11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect and

safeguard the world’s cultural and natural

heritage

11.4.1 Total expenditure (public and

private) per capita spent on the

preservation, protection and

conservation of all cultural and natural

heritage, by type of heritage (cultural,

natural, mixed and World Heritage

Centre designation), level of

government (national, regional and

local/municipal), type of expenditure

(operating expenditure/investment) and

type of private funding (donations in

kind, private non-profit sector and

sponsorship)

11.5 By 2030, significantly reduce the

number of deaths and the number of

people affected and substantially decrease

the direct economic losses relative to global

gross domestic product caused by disasters,

including water-related disasters, with a

focus on protecting the poor and people in

vulnerable situations

11.5.1 Number of deaths, missing

persons and directly affected persons

attributed to disasters per 100,000

population

11.5.2 Direct economic loss in relation to

global GDP, damage to critical

infrastructure and number of disruptions

to basic services, attributed to disasters

11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita

environmental impact of cities, including by

paying special attention to air quality and

municipal and other waste management

11.6.1 Proportion of urban solid waste

regularly collected and with adequate

final discharge out of total urban solid

waste generated, by cities

11.6.2 Annual mean levels of fine

particulate matter (e.g. PM2.5 and

PM10) in cities (population weighted)

11.7 By 2030, provide universal access to

safe, inclusive and accessible, green and

public spaces, in particular for women and

children, older persons and persons with

disabilities

11.7.1 Average share of the built-up

area of cities that is open space for

public use for all, by sex, age and

persons with disabilities

11.7.2 Proportion of persons victim of

physical or sexual harassment, by sex,

age, disability status and place of

occurrence, in the previous 12 months

11.a Support positive economic, social and

environmental links between urban,

peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening

national and regional development

planning

11.a.1 Proportion of population living in

cities that implement urban and

regional development plans integrating

population projections and resource

needs, by size of city

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11.b By 2020, substantially increase the

number of cities and human settlements

adopting and implementing integrated

policies and plans towards inclusion,

resource efficiency, mitigation and

adaptation to climate change, resilience to

disasters, and develop and implement, in

line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster

Risk Reduction 2015–2030, holistic disaster risk

management at all levels

11.b.1 Number of countries that adopt





11.b.2 Proportion of local governments




11.c Support least developed countries,

including through financial and technical

assistance, in building sustainable and

resilient buildings utilizing local materials

11.c.1 Proportion of financial support to

the least developed countries that is

allocated to the construction and

retrofitting of sustainable, resilient and

resource-efficient buildings utilizing local

materials

Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

12.1 Implement the 10-Year Framework of

Programmes on Sustainable Consumption

and Production Patterns, all countries taking

action, with developed countries taking the

lead, taking into account the development

and capabilities of developing countries

12.1.1 Number of countries with

sustainable consumption and

production (SCP) national action plans

or SCP mainstreamed as a priority or a

target into national policies

12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable

management and efficient use of natural

resources

12.2.1 Material footprint, material

footprint per capita, and material

footprint per GDP

12.2.2 Domestic material consumption,

domestic material consumption per

capita, and domestic material

consumption per GDP

12.3 By 2030, halve per capita global food

waste at the retail and consumer levels and

reduce food losses along production and

supply chains, including post-harvest losses

12.3.1 Global food loss index

12.4 By 2020, achieve the environmentally

sound management of chemicals and all

wastes throughout their life cycle, in

accordance with agreed international

frameworks, and significantly reduce their

release to air, water and soil in order to

minimize their adverse impacts on human

health and the environment

12.4.1 Number of parties to international

multilateral environmental agreements

on hazardous waste, and other

chemicals that meet their commitments

and obligations in transmitting

information as required by each

relevant agreement

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12.4.2 Hazardous waste generated per

capita and proportion of hazardous

waste treated, by type of treatment

12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce waste

generation through prevention, reduction,

recycling and reuse

12.5.1 National recycling rate, tons of

material recycled

12.6 Encourage companies, especially large

and transnational companies, to adopt

sustainable practices and to integrate

sustainability information into their reporting

cycle

12.6.1 Number of companies publishing

sustainability reports

12.7 Promote public procurement practices

that are sustainable, in accordance with

national policies and priorities

12.7.1 Number of countries

implementing sustainable public

procurement policies and action plans

12.8 By 2030, ensure that people

everywhere have the relevant information

and awareness for sustainable

development and lifestyles in harmony with

nature

12.8.1 Extent to which (i) global

citizenship education and (ii) education

for sustainable development (including

climate change education) are

mainstreamed in (a) national education

policies; (b) curricula; (c) teacher

education; and (d) student assessment

12.a Support developing countries to

strengthen their scientific and technological

capacity to move towards more sustainable

patterns of consumption and production

12.a.1 Amount of support to developing

countries on research and development

for sustainable consumption and

production and environmentally sound

technologies

12.b Develop and implement tools to

monitor sustainable development impacts

for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and

promotes local culture and products

12.b.1 Number of sustainable tourism

strategies or policies and implemented

action plans with agreed monitoring

and evaluation tools

12.c Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies

that encourage wasteful consumption by

removing market distortions, in accordance

with national circumstances, including by

restructuring taxation and phasing out those

harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect

their environmental impacts, taking fully into

account the specific needs and conditions

of developing countries and minimizing the

possible adverse impacts on their

development in a manner that protects the

poor and the affected communities

12.c.1 Amount of fossil-fuel subsidies per

unit of GDP (production and

consumption) and as a proportion of

total national expenditure on fossil fuels

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Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts2

13.1 Strengthen resilience and adaptive

capacity to climate-related hazards and

natural disasters in all countries

13.1.1 Number of deaths, missing

persons and directly affected persons

attributed to disasters per 100,000

population






13.1.3 Proportion of local governments




13.2 Integrate climate change measures

into national policies, strategies and

planning


communicated the establishment or

operationalization of an integrated

policy/strategy/plan which increases

their ability to adapt to the adverse

impacts of climate change, and foster

climate resilience and low greenhouse

gas emissions development in a manner

that does not threaten food production

(including a national adaptation plan,

nationally determined contribution,

national communication, biennial

update report or other)

13.3 Improve education, awareness-raising

and human and institutional capacity on

climate change mitigation, adaptation,

impact reduction and early warning


integrated mitigation, adaptation,

impact reduction and early warning into

primary, secondary and tertiary

curricula


communicated the strengthening of

institutional, systemic and individual

capacity-building to implement

adaptation, mitigation and technology

transfer, and development actions

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13.a Implement the commitment

undertaken by developed-country parties

to the United Nations Framework

Convention on Climate Change to a goal

of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually by

2020 from all sources to address the needs

of developing countries in the context of

meaningful mitigation actions and

transparency on implementation and fully

operationalize the Green Climate Fund

through its capitalization as soon as possible

13.a.1 Mobilized amount of United

States dollars per year between 2020

and 2025 accountable towards the

$100 billion commitment

13.b Promote mechanisms for raising

capacity for effective climate change-

related planning and management in least

developed countries and small island

developing States, including focusing on

women, youth and local and marginalized

communities

13.b.1 Number of least developed

countries and small island developing

States that are receiving specialized

support, and amount of support,

including finance, technology and

capacity-building, for mechanisms for

raising capacities for effective climate

change-related planning and

management, including focusing on

women, youth and local and

marginalized communities

Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for

sustainable development

14.1 By 2025, prevent and significantly

reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in

particular from land-based activities,

including marine debris and nutrient

pollution

14.1.1 Index of coastal eutrophication

and floating plastic debris density

14.2 By 2020, sustainably manage and

protect marine and coastal ecosystems to

avoid significant adverse impacts, including

by strengthening their resilience, and take

action for their restoration in order to

achieve healthy and productive oceans

14.2.1 Proportion of national exclusive

economic zones managed using

ecosystem-based approaches

14.3 Minimize and address the impacts of

ocean acidification, including through

enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels

14.3.1 Average marine acidity (pH)

measured at agreed suite of

representative sampling stations

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14.4 By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting

and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and

unregulated fishing and destructive fishing

practices and implement science-based

management plans, in order to restore fish

stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least

to levels that can produce maximum

sustainable yield as determined by their

biological characteristics

14.4.1 Proportion of fish stocks within

biologically sustainable levels

14.5 By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent

of coastal and marine areas, consistent with

national and international law and based

on the best available scientific information

14.5.1 Coverage of protected areas in

relation to marine areas

14.6 By 2020, prohibit certain forms of

fisheries subsidies which contribute to

overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate

subsidies that contribute to illegal,

unreported and unregulated fishing and

refrain from introducing new such subsidies,

recognizing that appropriate and effective

special and differential treatment for

developing and least developed countries

should be an integral part of the World

Trade Organization fisheries subsidies

negotiation3

14.6.1 Progress by countries in the

degree of implementation of

international instruments aiming to

combat illegal, unreported and

unregulated fishing

14.7 By 2030, increase the economic

benefits to small island developing States

and least developed countries from the

sustainable use of marine resources,

including through sustainable management

of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism

14.7.1 Sustainable fisheries as a

proportion of GDP in small island

developing States, least developed

countries and all countries

14.a Increase scientific knowledge, develop

research capacity and transfer marine

technology, taking into account the

Intergovernmental Oceanographic

Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the

Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to

improve ocean health and to enhance the

contribution of marine biodiversity to the

development of developing countries, in

particular small island developing States

and least developed countries

14.a.1 Proportion of total research

budget allocated to research in the

field of marine technology

14.b Provide access for small-scale artisanal

fishers to marine resources and markets

14.b.1 Progress by countries in the

degree of application of a

legal/regulatory/policy/institutional

framework which recognizes and

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155

protects access rights for small-scale

fisheries

14.c Enhance the conservation and

sustainable use of oceans and their

resources by implementing international law

as reflected in the United Nations

Convention on the Law of the Sea, which

provides the legal framework for the

conservation and sustainable use of oceans

and their resources, as recalled in

paragraph 158 of “The future we want”

14.c.1 Number of countries making

progress in ratifying, accepting and

implementing through legal, policy and

institutional frameworks, ocean-related

instruments that implement international

law, as reflected in the United Nations

Convention on the Law of the Sea, for

the conservation and sustainable use of

the oceans and their resources

Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems,

sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land

degradation and halt biodiversity loss

15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation,

restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial

and inland freshwater ecosystems and their

services, in particular forests, wetlands,

mountains and dry lands, in line with

obligations under international agreements

15.1.1 Forest area as a proportion of

total land area

15.1.2 Proportion of important sites for

terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity

that are covered by protected areas,

by ecosystem type

15.2 By 2020, promote the implementation

of sustainable management of all types of

forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded

forests and substantially increase

afforestation and reforestation globally

15.2.1 Progress towards sustainable

forest management

15.3 By 2030, combat desertification, restore

degraded land and soil, including land

affected by desertification, drought and

floods, and strive to achieve a land

degradation-neutral world

15.3.1 Proportion of land that is

degraded over total land area

15.4 By 2030, ensure the conservation of

mountain ecosystems, including their

biodiversity, in order to enhance their

capacity to provide benefits that are

essential for sustainable development

15.4.1 Coverage by protected areas of

important sites for mountain biodiversity

15.4.2 Mountain Green Cover Index

15.5 Take urgent and significant action to

reduce the degradation of natural habitats,

halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020,

protect and prevent the extinction of

threatened species

15.5.1 Red List Index

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15.6 Promote fair and equitable sharing of

the benefits arising from the utilization of

genetic resources and promote appropriate

access to such resources, as internationally

agreed


adopted legislative, administrative and

policy frameworks to ensure fair and

equitable sharing of benefits

15.7 Take urgent action to end poaching

and trafficking of protected species of flora

and fauna and address both demand and

supply of illegal wildlife products

15.7.1 Proportion of traded wildlife that

was poached or illicitly trafficked

15.8 By 2020, introduce measures to prevent

the introduction and significantly reduce the

impact of invasive alien species on land

and water ecosystems and control or

eradicate the priority species

15.8.1 Proportion of countries adopting

relevant national legislation and

adequately resourcing the prevention

or control of invasive alien species

15.9 By 2020, integrate ecosystem and

biodiversity values into national and local

planning, development processes, poverty

reduction strategies and accounts

15.9.1 Progress towards national targets

established in accordance with Aichi

Biodiversity Target 2 of the Strategic Plan

for Biodiversity 2011–2020

15.a Mobilize and significantly increase

financial resources from all sources to

conserve and sustainably use biodiversity

and ecosystems

15.a.1 Official development assistance

and public expenditure on conservation

and sustainable use of biodiversity and

ecosystems

15.b Mobilize significant resources from all

sources and at all levels to finance

sustainable forest management and

provide adequate incentives to developing

countries to advance such management,

including for conservation and reforestation

15.b.1 Official development assistance

and public expenditure on conservation

and sustainable use of biodiversity and

ecosystems

15.c Enhance global support for efforts to

combat poaching and trafficking of

protected species, including by increasing

the capacity of local communities to pursue

sustainable livelihood opportunities

15.c.1 Proportion of traded wildlife that

was poached or illicitly trafficked

Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,

provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive

institutions at all levels

16.1 Significantly reduce all forms of

violence and related death rates

everywhere

16.1.1 Number of victims of intentional

homicide per 100,000 population, by sex

and age

16.1.2 Conflict-related deaths per

100,000 population, by sex, age and

cause

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16.1.3 Proportion of population

subjected to physical, psychological or

sexual violence in the previous

12 months

16.1.4 Proportion of population that feel

safe walking alone around the area

they live

16.2 End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and

all forms of violence against and torture of

children

16.2.1 Proportion of children aged

1–17 years who experienced any

physical punishment and/or

psychological aggression by caregivers

in the past month

16.2.2 Number of victims of human

trafficking per 100,000 population, by

sex, age and form of exploitation

16.2.3 Proportion of young women and

men aged 18–29 years who

experienced sexual violence by age 18

16.3 Promote the rule of law at the national

and international levels and ensure equal

access to justice for all

16.3.1 Proportion of victims of violence in

the previous 12 months who reported

their victimization to competent

authorities or other officially recognized

conflict resolution mechanisms

16.3.2 Unsentenced detainees as a

proportion of overall prison population

16.4 By 2030, significantly reduce illicit

financial and arms flows, strengthen the

recovery and return of stolen assets and

combat all forms of organized crime

16.4.1 Total value of inward and

outward illicit financial flows (in current

United States dollars)

16.4.2 Proportion of seized, found or

surrendered arms whose illicit origin or

context has been traced or established

by a competent authority in line with

international instruments

16.5 Substantially reduce corruption and

bribery in all their forms

16.5.1 Proportion of persons who had at

least one contact with a public official

and who paid a bribe to a public

official, or were asked for a bribe by

those public officials, during the

previous 12 months

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16.5.2 Proportion of businesses that had

at least one contact with a public

official and that paid a bribe to a public

official, or were asked for a bribe by

those public officials during the previous

12 months

16.6 Develop effective, accountable and

transparent institutions at all levels

16.6.1 Primary government expenditures

as a proportion of original approved

budget, by sector (or by budget codes

or similar)

16.6.2 Proportion of population satisfied

with their last experience of public

services

16.7 Ensure responsive, inclusive,

participatory and representative decision-

making at all levels

16.7.1 Proportions of positions (by sex,

age, persons with disabilities and

population groups) in public institutions

(national and local legislatures, public

service, and judiciary) compared to

national distributions

16.7.2 Proportion of population who

believe decision-making is inclusive and

responsive, by sex, age, disability and

population group

16.8 Broaden and strengthen the

participation of developing countries in the

institutions of global governance

16.8.1 Proportion of members and

voting rights of developing countries in

international organizations

16.9 By 2030, provide legal identity for all,

including birth registration

16.9.1 Proportion of children under

5 years of age whose births have been

registered with a civil authority, by age

16.10 Ensure public access to information

and protect fundamental freedoms, in

accordance with national legislation and

international agreements

16.10.1 Number of verified cases of

killing, kidnapping, enforced

disappearance, arbitrary detention and

torture of journalists, associated media

personnel, trade unionists and human

rights advocates in the previous

12 months


and implement constitutional, statutory

and/or policy guarantees for public

access to information

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16.a Strengthen relevant national

institutions, including through international

cooperation, for building capacity at all

levels, in particular in developing countries,

to prevent violence and combat terrorism

and crime

16.a.1 Existence of independent

national human rights institutions in

compliance with the Paris Principles

16.b Promote and enforce non-

discriminatory laws and policies for


16.b.1 Proportion of population

reporting having personally felt

discriminated against or harassed in the

previous 12 months on the basis of a

ground of discrimination prohibited

under international human rights law

Goal 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership

for Sustainable Development

Finance

17.1 Strengthen domestic resource

mobilization, including through international

support to developing countries, to improve

domestic capacity for tax and other

revenue collection

17.1.1 Total government revenue as a

proportion of GDP, by source

17.1.2 Proportion of domestic budget

funded by domestic taxes

17.2 Developed countries to implement fully

their official development assistance

commitments, including the commitment by

many developed countries to achieve the

target of 0.7 per cent of gross national

income for official development assistance

(ODA/GNI) to developing countries and

0.15 to 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least

developed countries; ODA providers are

encouraged to consider setting a target to

provide at least 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI

to least developed countries

17.2.1 Net official development

assistance, total and to least developed

countries, as a proportion of the

Organization for Economic Cooperation

and Development (OECD)

Development Assistance Committee

donors’ gross national income (GNI)

17.3 Mobilize additional financial resources

for developing countries from multiple

sources

17.3.1 Foreign direct investment (FDI),

official development assistance and

South-South cooperation as a

proportion of total domestic budget

17.3.2 Volume of remittances (in United

States dollars) as a proportion of total

GDP

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17.4 Assist developing countries in attaining

long-term debt sustainability through

coordinated policies aimed at fostering

debt financing, debt relief and debt

restructuring, as appropriate, and address

the external debt of highly indebted poor

countries to reduce debt distress

17.4.1 Debt service as a proportion of

exports of goods and services

17.5 Adopt and implement investment

promotion regimes for least developed

countries


and implement investment promotion

regimes for least developed countries

Technology

17.6 Enhance North-South, South-South and

triangular regional and international

cooperation on and access to science,

technology and innovation and enhance

knowledge-sharing on mutually agreed

terms, including through improved

coordination among existing mechanisms,

in particular at the United Nations level, and

through a global technology facilitation

mechanism

17.6.1 Number of science and/or

technology cooperation agreements

and programmes between countries, by

type of cooperation

17.6.2 Fixed Internet broadband

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, by

speed

17.7 Promote the development, transfer,

dissemination and diffusion of

environmentally sound technologies to

developing countries on favourable terms,

including on concessional and preferential

terms, as mutually agreed

17.7.1 Total amount of approved

funding for developing countries to

promote the development, transfer,

dissemination and diffusion of

environmentally sound technologies

17.8 Fully operationalize the technology

bank and science, technology and

innovation capacity-building mechanism for

least developed countries by 2017 and

enhance the use of enabling technology, in

particular information and communications

technology

17.8.1 Proportion of individuals using the

Internet

Capacity-building

17.9 Enhance international support for

implementing effective and targeted

capacity-building in developing countries to

support national plans to implement all the

Sustainable Development Goals, including

through North-South, South-South and

triangular cooperation

17.9.1 Dollar value of financial and

technical assistance (including through

North-South, South-South and triangular

cooperation) committed to developing

countries

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Trade

17.10 Promote a universal, rules-based,

open, non-discriminatory and equitable

multilateral trading system under the World

Trade Organization, including through the

conclusion of negotiations under its Doha

Development Agenda

17.10.1 Worldwide weighted tariff-

average

17.11 Significantly increase the exports of

developing countries, in particular with a

view to doubling the least developed

countries’ share of global exports by 2020

17.11.1 Developing countries’ and least

developed countries’ share of global

exports

17.12 Realize timely implementation of

duty-free and quota-free market access on

a lasting basis for all least developed

countries, consistent with World Trade

Organization decisions, including by

ensuring that preferential rules of origin

applicable to imports from least developed

countries are transparent and simple, and

contribute to facilitating market access

17.12.1 Average tariffs faced by

developing countries, least developed

countries and small island developing

States

Systemic issues

Policy and institutional coherence

17.13 Enhance global macroeconomic

stability, including through policy

coordination and policy coherence

17.13.1 Macroeconomic Dashboard

17.14 Enhance policy coherence for


17.14.1 Number of countries with

mechanisms in place to enhance policy

coherence of sustainable development

17.15 Respect each country’s policy space

and leadership to establish and implement

policies for poverty eradication and


17.15.1 Extent of use of country-owned

results frameworks and planning tools by

providers of development cooperation

Multi-stakeholder partnerships

17.16 Enhance the Global Partnership for

Sustainable Development, complemented

by multi-stakeholder partnerships that

mobilize and share knowledge, expertise,

technology and financial resources, to

support the achievement of the Sustainable

Development Goals in all countries, in

particular developing countries

17.16.1 Number of countries reporting

progress in multi-stakeholder

development effectiveness monitoring

frameworks that support the

achievement of the sustainable

development goals

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17.17 Encourage and promote effective

public, public-private and civil society

partnerships, building on the experience

and resourcing strategies of partnerships

Data, monitoring and accountability

17.17.1 Amount of United States dollars

committed to public-private and civil

society partnerships

17.18 By 2020, enhance capacity-building

support to developing countries, including

for least developed countries and small

island developing States, to increase

significantly the availability of high-quality,

timely and reliable data disaggregated by

income, gender, age, race, ethnicity,

migratory status, disability, geographic

location and other characteristics relevant

in national contexts

17.18.1 Proportion of sustainable

development indicators produced at

the national level with full

disaggregation when relevant to the

target, in accordance with the

Fundamental Principles of Official

Statistics


national statistical legislation that

complies with the Fundamental

Principles of Official Statistics

17.18.3 Number of countries with a

national statistical plan that is fully

funded and under implementation, by

source of funding

17.19 By 2030, build on existing initiatives to

develop measurements of progress on

sustainable development that complement

gross domestic product, and support

statistical capacity-building in developing

countries

17.19.1 Dollar value of all resources

made available to strengthen statistical

capacity in developing countries

17.19.2 Proportion of countries that (a)

have conducted at least one

population and housing census in the

last 10 years; and (b) have achieved

100 per cent birth registration and

80 per cent death registration

* As contained in the Annex of the resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6

July 2017, Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for

Sustainable Development (A/RES/71/313)

1 Resolution 68/261. † Indicator codes were developed by UNSD for data transfer, tracking and other

statistical purposes. 2 Acknowledging that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is

the primary international, intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response

to climate change. 3 Taking into account ongoing World Trade Organization negotiations, the Doha

Development Agenda and the Hong Kong ministerial mandate.

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