daftar isi

_________________________________________________LEMBAR PENGESAHAN________

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI ALUMINIUM FLORIDA BERLEBIH

DALAM BATH TERHADAP LIQUIDUS TEMPERATURE

REDUCTION CELL

Disahkan :

OLEH

____________________ ______________________

i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

LAPORAN PRAKTIK KERJA LAPANGAN DI PT INDONESIA

ASAHAN ALUMINIUM (INALUM)

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Aluminium Florida Berlebih Dalam Bath

Terhadap Liquidus Temperature Pada Reduction Cell

OLEH :

PUTRA EKA SUDJANA 092401027

Disetujui oleh:

Dosen Pembimbing

ii

Dra. Emma Zaidar Nasution, M.Si

NIP : 195512181987012001

Diketahui Oleh:

A.n. Dekan

Pembantu Dekan I Ketua Departemen Kimia

Dr. Marponghatun, M.Sc Dr. Rumondang Bulan, MS.

NIP : 19611115 198803 2 002 NIP : 195408301985032001

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN





iii

OLEH :

WAHIDA FEBRIANA 092401040

Disetujui oleh:

Dosen Pembimbing

Dr. Rumondang Bulan, MS.

NIP : 195408301985032001

Diketahui Oleh:

A.n. Dekan


iv


NIP : 19611115 198803 2 002 NIP : 195408301985032001

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN





OLEH :

HARRY NUGRAHA 092401056

Disetujui oleh:

Dosen Pembimbing

v

Drs. Mimpin Ginting, M.s.

NIP : 195510131986011001

Diketahui Oleh:

A.n. Dekan



NIP : 19611115 198803 2 002 NIP : 195408301985032001

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

vi





OLEH :

MHD. SAID IBRAHIM HSB 092401063

Disetujui oleh:

Dosen Pembimbing

Dr. Marponghatun, M.Sc

NIP : 19611115 198803 2 002

Diketahui Oleh:

A.n. Dekan

Pembantu Dekan I zzzzzzzz Ketua Departemen

Kimia

vii


NIP : 19611115 198803 2 002 NIP : 195408301985032001

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kehadhirat Allah SWT atas semua rahmat dan karunia-Nya

sehingga penulis telah menyelesaikan laporan kerja praktek dengan judul ” Pengaruh

Konsentrasi Aluminium Fluorida Berlebih Dalam Bath Terhadap Liquidus

Temperature Pada Reduction Cell”.

Praktik Kerja Lapangan ini berlangsung selama kurang lebih 38 hari, dari

tanggal 05 Desember 2011 – 13 Januari 2012 di PT Indonesia Asahan Aluminium

(INALUM) Kuala Tanjung - Kab. Batubara, Sumatera Utara. Pelaksanaan Praktik

Kerja Lapangan ini terdiri dari studi literatur dan praktik lapangan guna mendalami

materi dalam pengerjaan tugas khusus yang diberikan oleh pihak pabrik.

Adapun laporan Praktik Kerja Lapangan ini disusun untuk memenuhi salah

satu persyaratan dalam menyelesaikan kurikulum pada Jurusan D3 Kimia Industri

Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Dalam penulisan laporan praktik

viii

kerja lapangan, penulis banyak mendapat bimbingan dan bantuan dari berbagai pihak.

Untuk itu penulis mengucapkan rasa terima kasih yang sedalam-dalamnya kepada

1. Kedua Orang Tua yang telah memberi dukungan baik berupa materi maupun

do’a.

2. Ibu Dr. Rumondang Bulan, MS., selaku Ketua Departemen Kimia Universitas

Sumatera Utara.

3. Ibu Dra. Emma Zaidar Nasution, M.Si., selaku Program Studi D3 Kimia

4. Bapak dan Ibu Dosen Pembimbing dari penulis

5. Bapak Damianus, Faisal Hidayat dan seluruh staff dan karyawan PT Inalum yang

telah membimbing penulis selama menjalani praktik kerja lapangan

6. Seluruh teman-teman Kimia Industri angkatan 2009 yang telah banyak membantu

penulis dalam menyelesaikan Laporan Praktik Kerja Lapangan ini.

7. Seluruh teman-teman OJT dari Teknik Kimia ITM dan Unsyiah

Penulis menyadari bahwa Laporan Praktik Kerja Lapangan ini masih banyak

terdapat kekurangan, untuk itu saran yang bersifat membangun dari semua pihak

sangat penulis harapkan demi kesempurnaan laporan ini.

Akhir kata, semoga Laporan Kerja Praktek ini dapat bermanfaat bagi kita

semua.

Medan, Januari 2012

Penulis

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DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN.................................................................................................i

KATA PENGANTAR.........................................................................................................vi

DAFTAR ISI.......................................................................................................................viii

DAFTAR TABEL...............................................................................................................xiii

DAFTAR GAMBAR...........................................................................................................xiv

DAFTAR GRAFIK.............................................................................................................xvi

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.......................................................................................................xvii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

x

I.1. Latar Belakang..............................................................................................................1

.............................................................................................................................................

I.2. Tujuan............................................................................................................................2

I.3. Manfaat..........................................................................................................................2

I.4. Batasan Masalah............................................................................................................3

I.5. Waktu dan Tempat Pelaksanaan....................................................................................3

BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM PERUSAHAAN

II.1. Visi dan Misi PT Inalum..............................................................................................4

II.2. Sejarah Singkat............................................................................................................4

.............................................................................................................................................

II.3. Ruang lingkup..............................................................................................................6

II.4. Perbandingan Saham dan Tenaga Kerja .....................................................................10

II.5. Fasilitas Lainnya..........................................................................................................10

II.6. Alih teknologi..............................................................................................................11

II.7. Kinerja Perusahaan .....................................................................................................12

II.8. Kontribusi PT Inalum..................................................................................................13

II.9. Proses Produksi............................................................................................................15

BAB III STRUKTUR ORGANISASI DAN MSDM

III.1. Struktur Organisasi.....................................................................................................17

III.2. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (MSDM)............................................................22

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BAB IV DEPARTEMEN OPERASI REDUKSI

IV.1. Sruktur Organisasi Departemen Reduksi dan Penuangan..........................................25

IV.1.1. Seksi Operasi Reduksi.............................................................................................25

IV.1.2. Seksi Persiapan Reduksi..........................................................................................27

IV.2. Peraturan Dalam Gedung Reduksi.............................................................................30

IV.3. Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) di Wilayah Gedung Reduksi..........................................30

IV.4. Peraturan Lalu Lintas di Wilayah Gedung Reduksi...................................................31

IV.4.1. Peraturan Umum......................................................................................................32

IV.4.2. Peraturan Khusus.....................................................................................................32

IV.4.3. Peraturan Tambahan................................................................................................33

IV.5. Operasi Tungku Reduksi............................................................................................34

IV.5.1. Proses Produksi Aluminium dengan Elektrolisis....................................................34

IV.5.1.1. Sejarah dan Teori..................................................................................................34

IV.5.2. Deskripsi Ringkas Proses........................................................................................36

IV.5.3. Produksi Aluminium...............................................................................................38

IV.5.4.Efisiensi Arus...........................................................................................................39

IV.5.5. Konsumsi Daya Listrik............................................................................................40

IV.5.6. Properti Elektrolisis.................................................................................................40

IV.5.6.1. Keasaman Bath.....................................................................................................40

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IV.5.6.2. Temperatur Liquidus............................................................................................41

IV.5.6.3. Komposisi Bath....................................................................................................42

IV.5.7. Voltase Pot..............................................................................................................42

IV.5.8. Siklus Operasi Pot Reduksi.....................................................................................44

IV.5.8.1. Perakitan Katoda dan Rekonstruksi Pot...............................................................44

IV.5.8.1.1. Perakitan Katoda...............................................................................................44

IV.5.8.1.2. Rekonstruksi Penuh...........................................................................................47

IV.5.8.1.3. Rekonstruksi Sebagian......................................................................................49

IV.5.8.2. Baking dan Start – Up..........................................................................................50

IV.5.8.2.1. Baking...............................................................................................................50

IV.5.8.1.2. Start – Up...........................................................................................................51

IV.5.8.3. Masa Transisi.......................................................................................................54

IV.5.8.4. Operasi Normal....................................................................................................54

IV.5.8.4.1. Penggantian Anoda............................................................................................55

IV.5.8.4.2. Pengambilan Metal............................................................................................59

IV.5.8.4.3 Penaikkan Busbar Anoda...................................................................................61

IV.5.8.4.4. Pengambilan Karbon.........................................................................................61

IV.5.8.4.5. Pengambilan Bath..............................................................................................62

IV.5.8.4.6. Penanggulangan Efek Anoda............................................................................63

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IV.5.8.4.7. Pengatasan Noise...............................................................................................64

IV.5.8.4.8. Pengukuran (Measurement)..............................................................................64

IV.5.8.5. Cut Out.................................................................................................................67

IV.6. Kegiatan Pendukung...................................................................................................69

IV.6.1. Alur Dari Material...................................................................................................69

IV.6.2. Pengelolaan Material Alumina................................................................................69

IV.6.3. Dry Scrubbing System (DSS)..................................................................................73

IV.6.4. Pengoperasian Bath Material Mixing Centre (BMMC)..........................................75

IV.6.5. Transportasi.............................................................................................................76

IV.6.6. Kontrol Proses Pot...................................................................................................79

IV.6.6.1. Perangkat Keras....................................................................................................81

IV.6.6.2. Perangkat Lunak...................................................................................................82

IV.6.7. Ladle Cleaning Shop (LCS)....................................................................................85

IV.6.8. Perawatan (Maintenance)........................................................................................88

IV.6.9. Perbaikan Teknik (Technical Improvement)...........................................................93

IV.6.9.1. Pembuatan Celah Pada Anoda (Slotted Anode)...................................................95

IV.6.9.2. Anoda Besar dan Tinggi dan Tangkai Besar........................................................97

IV.6.9.3. Siklus Pengambilan Metal....................................................................................99

IV.6.9.4. Pemanasan Dengan Gas.......................................................................................101

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IV.6.9.5. Teeth Blade...........................................................................................................103

BAB V TUGAS KHUSUS

V. Tugas Khusus..................................................................................................................106

BAB VI KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

VI.1. Kesimpulan.................................................................................................................120

VI.2. Saran...........................................................................................................................120

DAFTAR PUSTAKA........................................................................................................121

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel IV.1. ..........................................................................................................................58

Tabel IV.2. ..........................................................................................................................63

Tabel IV.3. ..........................................................................................................................72

Tabel IV.4. ..........................................................................................................................77

Tabel IV.5. ..........................................................................................................................86

Tabel IV.6. ..........................................................................................................................97

Tabel IV.7. ..........................................................................................................................99

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Tabel IV.8. ..........................................................................................................................100

Tabel IV.9. ..........................................................................................................................102

Tabel IV.10. ........................................................................................................................105

Tabel V.1. ...........................................................................................................................108

Tabel V.2. ...........................................................................................................................109

Tabel V.3. ...........................................................................................................................111

Tabel V.4. ...........................................................................................................................112

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar IV.1. ......................................................................................................................29

Gambar IV.2. ......................................................................................................................37

Gambar IV.3. ......................................................................................................................39

Gambar IV.4. ......................................................................................................................42

Gambar IV.5. ......................................................................................................................46

Gambar IV.6. ......................................................................................................................57

Gambar IV.7. ......................................................................................................................58

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Gambar IV.8. ......................................................................................................................59

Gambar IV.9. ......................................................................................................................71

Gambar IV.10. ....................................................................................................................74

Gambar IV.11. ....................................................................................................................75

Gambar IV.12. ....................................................................................................................91

Gambar IV.13. ....................................................................................................................91

Gambar IV.14. ....................................................................................................................92

Gambar IV.15. ....................................................................................................................92

Gambar IV.16. ....................................................................................................................96

Gambar IV.17. ....................................................................................................................96

Gambar IV.18. ....................................................................................................................102

Gambar IV.19. ....................................................................................................................103

Gambar IV.20. ....................................................................................................................104

Gambar IV.21. ....................................................................................................................108

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DAFTAR GRAFIK

Grafik V.1. ..........................................................................................................................115

Grafik V.2. ..........................................................................................................................115

Grafik V.3. ..........................................................................................................................116

Grafik V.4. ..........................................................................................................................117

Grafik V.5. ..........................................................................................................................118

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran A..........................................................................................................................122

Lampiran B..........................................................................................................................126

Lampiran C..........................................................................................................................128

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