chemical in industry chp 8-bm

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    BAHAN KIMIA DALAM INDUSTRI8.1 ALOI1. Antara yang berikut yang manakah kegunaan aloi?

    I. Membuat barang perhiasanII. Menghasilkan superkonduktor

    III. Membina badan pesawat terbang

    A. I and ii onlyB. I and iii onlyC. Ii and iii onlyD. I,ii and iii

    2. Antara proses berikut yang manakah dapat menambahkan kekerasan sesuatu logam?A. penulenanB. pengaloianC. penyaduranD. pempolimeran3. Apakah logam utama yang digunakan dalam pembentukan piuter?A. Iron/ferumB. Nickel/nikelC. Tin/timahD. Antimony/antimony

    4. Seorang murid ingin membina model kapal terbang yang ringan dan kuat.Bahan manakah yang paling sesuai digunakan?

    A. Iron/ferumB. Steel/keluliC. Copper/kuprumD. Duralumin/duralumin5. Campuran manakah menghasilkan gangsa?A. Iron and carbon/besi dan karbonB. Copper and tin/kuprum dan timahC. Copper and tin/kuprum dan zinkD. Tin and antimony/timah dan antimony

    6..Rajah 10 menunjukkan sebuah kapal terbang

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    Apakah bahan yang digunakan untuk membina bahagian berlabeL S?A. Iron/besiB. Steel/keluliC. Duralumium/duraluminD. Aluminium/aluminium

    7.Badan kapal terbang diperbuat daripada duralumin.

    Apakah logam utama yang digunakan?A. Aluminium/aluminiumB. Magnesium/magnesiumC. Copper/kuprumD. Iron/besi8.. Rajah 11 menunjukkan susunan atom dalam suatu bahan.

    Apakahfungsi atom-atom asing?A. Melembutkan bahanB. Menghalang atom-atom daripada menggelongsorC. Meningkatkan daya tarikan antara atomD. Merendahkan takat lebur bahan.

    SECTION B

    1. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan pembentukkan gangsa.

    a) Pada rajah 7.1 namakan atom bagi logam X and Y

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    ____________________________________________________ (2m)b) Nama proces Pc)

    (1m)

    d) (i) Nyatakan satu sifat bagi gangsa.

    (1m)(ii) Nyatakan kesan atom logam Y dalam gangsa

    (1m)(e). Pingat dalam Rajah 7.2 dibuat daripada gangsa.

    Beri satu sifat pingat ini jika ia hanya dibuat daripada logam X sahaja.2. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji ketahanan aloi keluli terhadappengaratan.

    Selepas 3 hari,keputusan yang diperolehi ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.2.

    a) Berdasarkan Rajah 2.2,tulis satu pemerhatian bagi eksperimen ini.

    (1m)b) Tulis satu hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

    (1m)c) Nyatakan pembolehubah dalam eksperiment ini.

    (i) Constant variable/pembolehubah dimalarkan

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    (1m)

    (ii) Manipulated variable/pembolehubah dimanipulasi

    (1m)

    d) Ramalkan keadaan paku keluli itu pada hari ke-5.

    (1m)e) Based on this experiment,state the operational definition for an alloy.

    Berdasarkan eksperiment ini,nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi aloi.

    (1m)

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    SECTION C1. Kaji pernyataan di bawah.

    Anda diberi sebatang paku besi,sebatang paku keluli dan larutan natrium klorida.a) Cadangkan satu hipotesis untuk menyiasat pernyataan di atas.(1m)

    b) . Terangkan satu eksperimen untuuk meguji hipotesis anda di 10(a) berpandukan kriteria berikut.(i) Tujuan eksperimen (1m)(ii) Mengenalpasti masalah (2m)(iii) Senarai radas dan bahan (1m)(iv) Prosedur dan kaedah (4m)(v) Penjadualan data (1m)

    2. Study the following statement.

    Kaji pernyataan berikut. An alloy is harder than its pure metals.

    Aloi lebih keras berbanding logam tulennya.

    a) Suggest one hypothesis to investigation the above statement.Cadangkan satu hipotesis untuk menyiasat pernyataan di atas.

    (1m)b) Brass is an alloy containing copper.Using a copper block,brass block,steel ball and other apparatus,describe an experiment to testyour hypothesis in 10(a) based on the following criteria:

    Loyang ialah aloi yang mengandungi kuprum.Menggunakan block kuprum,blok Loyang ,bola keluli dan radas lain,huraikan satu eksperimenuntuk menguji hipotesis anda di 10(a) berdasarkan criteria berikut:

    I. Aim of the experiment.tujuan experiment (1m)

    II. Identification of variable.Mengenalpasti pembolehubah (2m)

    III. List of apparatus and materials.Senarai radas dan bahan (1m)

    IV. Procedure and method.Prosedur dan kaedah (4m)

    V. Tabulation of data.Penjadualan data (1m)

    Aloi dan logam tulen mempunyai sifat tahan kakisan yang berbeza

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    What happen when the temperature is decreased to 200c? Apakah yang berlaku apabila suhu diturunkan kepada 200c?

    I. Less ammonia is producedSedikit ammonia terhasil

    II. The reaction becomes slowTindak balas menjadi perlahan

    III. Solid ammonia is producedPepejal ammonia terhasil

    A. I and ii onlyB. I and iii onlyC. Ii and iii onlyD. I,ii and iii2.The word equation below shows the reaction to produce a type of fertilizer.Persamaan perkataan di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas untuk menghasilkan sejenis baja.

    Fertilizer X is.Baja X ialah.A. Ammonium nitrate/ammonium nitratB. Ammonium sulphate/ammonium sulfatC. Ammonium chloride/ammonium kloridaD. Ammonium carbonate/ammonium karbonat

    3.The following information shows the uses of chemical substance X.Maklumat berikut menunjukkan kegunaan bahan X.

    What is X? Apakah X?A. Ester/esterB. Alcohol/alcohol

    To produce fertilizer/menghasilkan baja

    To produce nitric acid/menghasilkan asid nitrik

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    C. Ammonia/ammoniaD. Neoprene/neoprene4.Which gas is released by industrial activities is the main cause of acidic rain?

    Antara gas yang dibebaskan oleh aktiviti perindustrian,yang manakah penyebab utama hujan asid?A. Ammonia

    B. Sulphur dioxideC. Carbon dioxideD. Carbon monoxide

    5.Diagram 10 shows the production of compound X in an industry.Rajah 10 menunjukkan proses penghasilan sebatian X dalam industry.

    What is compound X? Apakah sebatian X?A. Nitrate/nitraB. Ammonia/ammoniaC. Nitric acid/asid nitricD. Sulphuric acid/asid sulfuric

    6.The following word equation shows a chemical reaction.Persamaan perkataan berikut menunjukkan suatu tindak balas kimia.

    What is X? Apakah X?

    A. Urea/ureaB. Soap/sabunC. Ester/esterD. Ammonia/ammonia

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    8.3 The Effect of Industrial Waste Disposal on The Environment1.The surrounding area of a factory is polluted when the factory.

    Kawasan persekitaran kilang tercemar apabila itu.A. Uses air-conditioning

    Menggunakan pendingin hawaB. Uses a low smoke chimney

    Menggunakan cerobong asap yang rendahC. Uses electricity to operate

    Menggunakan tenaga elektrik untuk beroperasiD. Burns waste materials in an enclosed incinerator

    Membakar bahan buangan dalam incinerator tertutup

    2.The following information shows the effect of pollution on the environment.Maklumat berikut menunjukkan kesan pencemaran ke atas alam sekitar.

    What is the source of the pollution? Apakah punca pencemaran itu?A. Agriculture waste/sisa pertanianB. Radioactive waste/sisa radioaktifC. Burning fossil fuels/pembakaran bahan api fosilD. Industrial toxic waste/sisa industry

    Acid rain/hujan asid

    Global warming/pemanasan global

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    3.Diagram 12 shows the location of a resindental area where Adam lives.Rajah 12 menunjukkan lokasi kawasan perumahan di mana Adam tinggal.

    Lately he finds out that he always has difficult in respiratory system which lead that asthmatic.What is the main cause of the problem?A. Air pollution/pencemaran udaraB. Thermal pollution/pencemaran terma

    C. Water pollution/pencemaran airD. Sound pollution/pencemaran bunyi

    8.4 The Need for Preservation and Conservation of The Environment from Industrial Waste Pollution1.Choose the correct match between industrial wastes and the method of controlling them.Pilih padanan yang betul tentang bahan sisa industri dan cara pengawalannya.

    Industrial wastes Methods of controlling

    A. Radioactive wastes RecycleSisa radioaktif Kitar semula

    B. Toxic wastes Flow out to the riverBahan sisa toksik Aliran ke sungai

    C. Oil palm wastes open burningSisa kelapa sawit pembakaran terbuka

    D. Soot and dust Electrostatic precipitator

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    Jelaga dan habuk pemendak elektostatik

    2.Which of the following is the effect of excessive disposal of organic waste? Antara yang berikut,yang manakah kesan pelupusan sisa organic yang berlebihan?A. Acid rain/hujan asid

    B. Greenhouse effect/kesan rumah hijauC. Depletion of the ozone layer/Penipisan lapisan ozonD. Destruction of aquatic lafe/kemusnahan hidupan akuatik

    Answer8.1

    1. B2. B3. C4. D5. B6. C7. A8. B

    Section B1. a) X: Copper

    Y: Tinb) Alloying

    c) i) Harder/stronger/does not rustii) To prevent the layer of atom from sliding over one another

    d) Malleable2. a) Paki besi berkarat manakala paku keluli tidak berkarat

    b) Aloi lebih tahan karat berbanding logam tulenc) i) isipadu air suling

    ii) jenis paku

    d) Tidak berkarate) Aloi ialah bahan yang tidak berkarat selepas direndam dalam air selepas 3 hari

    Section C1. a) A steel nail does not rust easily compared to an iron nail

    b) i) To study the corrosive resistance of steel nail and iron nailii) Fixed variable:volume/concentration of sodium chloride

    Manipulated variable: type of nailResponding variable:corrosive resistance of the nails sodium chloride,iron nail,steel nail.

    iv) Procedure:

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    1. Each test tube ,test tube A and test tube B is filled with 10 cm3 of sodium chloride solution.2. An iron nail is put into test tube A and steel nail is put into test tube B.3. Both test tubes are left on a test tube rack for three days.4. After three days,the eobservation is recorded.

    v) Tabulation of data:

    Types of Nails Corrosive resistance in a nailIron nailSteel nail

    RustNo rust

    2. a) Alloy is harder than pure matelb) i) Aim: To study the hardness of alloy compared to its pure metal

    ii) Variable:constant:size of the steel ballManipulated: type of blockResponding: The depth of dent on each block

    iii) Apparatus/Materials:copper block,brass block,steel ball,ruler

    iv) Procedure:1. Measure the height of the steel ball from the copper block by using a ruler2. Release the steel ball on the copper block3. Measure the depth of the dent formed4. Repeat steps 1-3 using brass block to replace copper blockv) Tabulation of data:

    Types of metal Depth of the dentCopperBrass

    3. a) simililarity:Both alloys and pure metals consist of pure metal atomsDifferences:

    Alloy Pure metalsHarder Softer

    Stronger WeakerMore resistance to corrosion Easily rusty

    b) i) two common characteristics1. harder2. stronger

    ii) One example of an alloy: pewteriii) One example of non-alloy: copper

    Reason:it consists only copper atomsiv) The concept of alloy

    Alloy is a material that is harder and stronger.

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    8.21. A2. B3. C4. B

    5. B6. D8.3

    1. B2. D3. A

    8.41. D2. D