chapter review fizul

16
THE WAR OF LIBERATION (SYED AZIZUR RAHMAN) EROPA H ABAD KE-16 HINGGA 20 KUMPULAN B SEMESTER 3  NAMA : MOHD HAFIZUL BIN ABU HASSAN  NO MAT RIK : D20141067550  NO HP: 014-3423238  NAMA PENSYA RAH : ENIK MOHAMAD KAMAL BIN KAMARUDDIN

Upload: hafizullurvedieyla

Post on 18-Feb-2018

223 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Chapter Review Fizul

7/23/2019 Chapter Review Fizul

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-review-fizul 1/16

THE WAR OF LIBERATION

(SYED AZIZUR RAHMAN)

EROPAH ABAD KE-16 HINGGA 20

KUMPULAN B

SEMESTER 3

 NAMA : MOHD

HAFIZUL BIN ABU

HASSAN

 NO MATRIK :

D20141067550

 NO HP: 014-3423238

 NAMA PENSYARAH :

ENIK MOHAMAD

KAMAL BIN

KAMARUDDIN

Page 2: Chapter Review Fizul

7/23/2019 Chapter Review Fizul

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-review-fizul 2/16

1

Per!" Pe#$e$%!

P!"! #!$%& 1556' $!()*+ #%(%& "!(,!"! #!.$#!&/! "!& ",!&#,.!& )*$ !&!. )*)!.,&/! P$,), I)

B*),!% #*)!$ *!(,+, +,!# .**&,!& "!(, !!&/! *&*&!, %.!& K!#),. P!"! *(%)!!&&/!

 *),!% *(#*.!" %&#%. #,"!. **(,&#!$ +*!(! ,"!!$ +!! !"! *(*.! P(#*+#!&#+ ", F)!&"*(+'

!#!% M(,++ ", S*!&/) S*!+! !!)-!!) #!$%& **(,&#!$!&&/!' *),!% #*()!)% !&/!. 

*&%(%+.!& $!) *(.!,#!& $!)-*$!) )%!( &**(, !)!% !!,!&!%& ",! *&,&!).!&

 **(!! %&"!&-%&"!& /!& **(,.!& ,(!+!# *&9*&.*).!& *&*&!, &!+, /!&

*&%&% M(,++ M(,++ (!&!"! #*)!$ *.*(9! ", (%!$ "!& ", )!"!&-)!"!& N*(

O)*$ .*(!&! *(*.! *(#%.!( .*!"! I+)!' ,! ",.$%!#,(, !$!! 9%)!$ M%+), %&.,&

+*!.,& *&,&.!# S!#% %&"!&-%&"!& #*)!$ ",+*(!$.!& !"! #!$%& 1560' *)!(!& *.*(9!!&

 N*( A!,)! %&"!&-%&"!& )!,& /!& ",)%)%+.!& +*)*!+ #,! #!$%& .*%",!&' M(,++

",)!(!& %&#%. *,),., +*&9!#! I&, ,!)!$ +!#% *(%)!!& .*!"! +!#% (",&!& /!&

*%(%..!& .*!"!!& ' "!& *!.+! M(,++ *()!!& %&#%. **!+!& *(*.!

M%(#!" M(,++' !#!% *&9!", )*,$ #*!# .*!)!(!& /!& !&! *(*.! +*!(! (!$+,!

 !#%$, I+)!' *&9!",.!& +%*( .*%+!(!& /!& *+!( .*!"! !$), !!! !"*(, S*%! (!&

#!$% !$!! *(*.! +*(%! +!$!9! !"! ;!$,(&/! ,!,#% !!)!& K!#),. /!& #,"!. "!!#

",*)!..!& A!,)! +*%! /!& )!,& *$(!#,' *(*.! *(*;! "*&!& /!& .(,+#,!& )!!

S!#% *(%!!& #*)!$ ",%!# +*!+! **(,&#!$!& $!()*+ %&#%. *&$!%+.!& +*%! !"!# "!&

%!!(! /!& **(,.!& *(*.! +,!# .*,&",<,"%!)!& *(*;! "*&!& #!$%& 7 D* 1526

B!!,!&!%& (%+%$!& #*(9!",' #*(!.+! "*&!& #*!+ M(,++ *!/!( "%!#+ )!!& %)%$

(,% .*!"! $!()*+ ' "!& 9%! *(+*#%9% %&#%. *!/!( +!#% %.!, .$!+ =",.*&!), +*!!,

!("!> +*!!, !&#, .**&!(!& %&#%. *&%&!.!& !$!+! "!& !9% *(*.! N!%&' P$,),

#,"!. *(+*",! **&!(.!& !&!-!&! .**&!(!& +*"*,.,!&

D& P*"( %*((' A($,+$ (!&!"! *&/*(!$ +*%!$ *(,!) .*!"! .*(!9!!& ",

!&! ",! *&/*%# !&/!. !.#!-!.#! %&#%. *%.#,.!& !$!! M(,++ #*)!$ *%!#+!#% *9*.!& !!! "*&!& *&!,) !#,+ !&!.!)! *(*.! ",#*(%+.!& %&#%. *&9!",

 *,"!!$ +**&!(&/! L!(!& *&!#!.!& !$!! *(*.! *&$!",(, *(*9! $!&/! %&#%. 

*)!(,.!& ",(, +*!!, "*&"!? !"! $!(,-$!(, *(!/!!& K(,+#,!& *(*.! #,&!) ", (%!$? *(*.!

**),$!(! $!(, %#, ,&%!& !"! $!(, @%!!# "!& %.!&&/! A$!" L!(!& 9%! *(.!#!

 !$!! *(*.! +*(,& *&%, ",(, *(*.! +*#,! $!(,' !)!%%& ", $!(,-$!(, +*9%.: !&!.-!&!. 

Page 3: Chapter Review Fizul

7/23/2019 Chapter Review Fizul

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-review-fizul 3/16

2

*(*.! ",!#,+.!& $!&/! %&#%. *(#%&9%.!& "!& *(*.! !.!& *!+%$ .*+!& !#,+ ' "!&

*(*.! **(, &!!-&!! I+)! .*!"! !&!.-!&!. *(*.!? .!&!.-.!&!. )*)!., #*)!$ ",!-

",! ",+%&!#? *(*.! #*)!$ *&$!!) "! #*(#*&#% %&#%. ",.!#!.!& +*!!, K(,+#,!& P!"! !.#%

 *(.!$,&!& !+!&!& ,#% %&%) ", *(*9! "*&!& 9%!$ K(,+#,!& /!& ",,&9! "!(, 9,(!&'

#*#!, ", +*!),.&/! *(.!$,&!& ",%!!(!.!& *&%(%# %!!(!-%!!(! I+)!' "!& *(.!$,&!&

",+!%# "*&!& ;!(!+ !&" )*,)!+' +*(#! #!(,!& #(!",+&!) I+)! S**)% *&*%.!.!&

 *(,&!#!&&/!' A($,+$ #*)!$ *)!!# R ' "!& *,&!&.!& *(.!(! ,#% "*&!& P!%+

P,%+ I P!%+ +%, *&*%( .*(!9!!& S*!&/) ", .*)*!!& *(*.! "!)! *&%.!( M(,++

+*!!, K(,+#,!& +*9!#,' P*(,&!#!& D& P*"( #*)!$ ",!!,.!& P$,), *)!&#,. +*%!$

+%(%$!&9!/! %&#%. *)!9!( *(.!(! ,#% "!& *&*%.!.!& !"!&!&/! S%(%$!&9!/! ",.*#%!,

)*$ D,* "* E+,&+! /!& *(%!.!& P$,)), +*#!& /!& ,9!. "*&!& +*%#!& L*!

S%(%$!&9!/! *&*+/(.!& !$!! M(,++ +*$!(%+&/! "*&!& !.+!!& *%#%+.!&

 *($%%&!& "!(, +*%! *&!(%$ ,#% /!& *(%!.!& !+!) *(*.! "!)! +*9!(!$ *(*.! "!&

.**(!/!!& I+)! M*(*.! +*!#%#&/! #*(!.+! *&$*&#,.!& *(!.! B!$!+! A(! ' "!&

+*%! ".%*& "!)! !$!+! A(! ",#*(9*!$.!& .* "!)! B!$!+! S*!&/) S*%! %.%

"!)! !$!+! A(! !#%# ",+,!& "*&!& D*;!' ,% *9!!# #*!#!& M(,++ #*)!$ ",*(,.!&

#,! #!$%& *)!9!( B!$!+! S*!&/) M*(*.! +*!#%#&/! ",.*$*&"!., %&#%. *!.!,' !.!,!&

.*!&+!!& O(!& K(,+#,!& "!& !&,#! *(*.! +*!#%#&/! $,"% #!&! #%"%& P*(.!$,&!&

*(*.! +*$!(%+&/! ",.*&"!),.!& "!)! (!& (!!, ", !(! K(,+#,!& ' "!& *(*.! $!(%+ *&*!#,

 ,&#% (%!$-(%!$ *(*.! #*(%.! +*!+! %!!(! *(.!$,&!&

M*(*.! +*$!(%+&/! #*(!.+! *&$*&#,.!& !!)!& +*)!)% !&", "!& *!+%$ ' "!&

+*%! .%!& !! "!& +!+#!' !#%# ",($.!& S/( ,&, #*)!$ ",#*(,! )*$ P$,), "!&

*&!%&.!& =!"! N< 17' 1566> ", P(!!#,. ",(!9! /!& !&! %&#%. .*.*9!!& "!&

.*%+#!$,)!&' !(% +!9! +*)!(, "!)! +*9!(!$ P!"! 1 9!&%!(, 1567 ", !&! $!(, .*(!9!!& S*!&/)

",(!/!.!& +*#,! #!$%&' *&!&.!!& (!&!"!' *!!,-*!!, .*(!9!!& *&*)%!(.!&

 *(!(!.!& /!& *+!( .*!"! (!& (!!, ", !&! *(%&#%.!& *(,&#!$ !)!& ",!!.!&

+**)% *($,%&!& M(,++ P*&%%!&-*&%%!& +!! #*)!$ ",%!# ", #*!# )!,&

 9%! A!) ,!(! +*%! .%!& !.!& ",#!(,. #%(%& +**(! ' "!& !&!. !&#!(! #,! "!& ),! *)!+

!.!& ",)*#!..!& ", +*.)!$ )*$ !"*(, %&#%. ",!9!( #*), K(,+#,!& "!)! !$!+! S*!&/)

Page 4: Chapter Review Fizul

7/23/2019 Chapter Review Fizul

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-review-fizul 4/16

3

K!, )*$ !/!&.!& .*+!& %&"!&-%&"!& .*9! ,&, #,"!. *("!/! *!&#%

M(,++ D, !&!-!&! ", *.!+ &**(, (!&!"! *&*(,! "*&!& (!+! !(!$' !;! "!&

.*!(!$!& M*(*.! *%!# .*%#%+!& *%!# +!#% *&9*)!+!& .*!"! P(*+,"*& !+#,)* ' "!&

+!)!$ +*(!& M(,++ *,),$ *&9*)!+.!& .*#,"!.!9!(!& %&"!&-%&"!& #*(+*%# D,!

*&!#!.!& !$!! +*$*)!, !.!,!& #*(#*&#% #,!"! *),!#.!& *(#,!&!& !!!' !$!! 9,.!

!&,#! *(*.! *&%#% %.! *(*.!' *%&/!, !)!+!& /!& 9*)!+' !$!! )!% *(*.! +!!

+*.!), #,"!. *(!$!/!' !$!! *&%&!!& B!$!+! A(! #,"!. *%&/!, .!,#!& "*&!& !!!

+*9!. ,! #*)!$ ",.!#!.!& )*$ *&!&%#-*&!&%# K(,+#,!& ", )%!( S*!&/) ' "!& !&", ,#% ,!)!$

+*!$!,!& "!(,!"! .**(+,$!& S*%! $%9!$-$%9!$ ,&, $!&/! ",!!,.!& P(*+,"*& *&9!!

 !$!! %&"!&-%&"!& !"!)!$ +%, "!& #,"!. )*$ ",!#!).!& !!,)! S*(, P!"%.!

*&!&!(.!& .*+*)!!#!& +!#% 9,! %)!, *($!(! )*,$ $*!# "!(,!"! +*%! $!+,) ",!

*&!,) "!(, M(,++

M(,++ *&$!&#!( +!#% +%(!# *(!/% +*!(! )!&+%& .*!"! !$!(!9! S*(!&

 !&+!!& *(&!! D& @%!& H*&(,C%*; ", B!;! /!& *%&/!, +,!#, .%!# %&#%. M(,++

 *(*(!. .* M!"(,"' "!& *(%!.!& +*(!& *&&#& P$,), D,! *&*(,! "!& *&)!. 

+*!!, !)!+!& P$,)), **(,#!$% ",!' !! /!& +!/! #*)!$ )!.%.!& "!)! *(.!(! ,&, !"!)!$

#*)!$ ",)!.%.!& !#!+ &!+,$!# +*(!& )*)!., ,9!. "!& #*),#, =$(*+ "* ,*&,! / &,*&!> /!&

#*)!$ **(, +!/! .*!$!!& !$!! ,! ,!)!$ #%!+ +!/! H*&(,C%; #,"!. %#%+ !+! ",!#!+

%+!$!-%+!$!&/! D,! *),$!# E+,&+! *(%!.!& *&#*(, *(*&!(%$ P$,), M*&#*(, ,#%

*&/!#!.!& .*.!%!& *),!% !$!! ",! $!(%+ *&"%.%& M(,++' "!& #*(%+ #*(!&

**(,#!$% !$!! %&"!&-%&"!& ,#% ",.%!#.%!+!.!& M(,++ #*)!$ *)!.%.!& /!&

#*(!,. %&#%. *&/*)*+!,.!& *(.!(! ,#% +*!(! !!& "*&!& +,.! #*!+ .*(!9!!&' "!& )&!&

 !"*(, #,"!. *&,&!).!& (%!& %&#%. *(%&",& +*(#! *(*.! *&!,) +*&9!#!

A*& F!(!' *)!.%.!& #%!+ "*&!& *&!,..!& !+%.!& /!& .*,) %&#%. *&/*(!&

.#! (!&!"! H!(, K$!,+ /!& +%,' !"! %)!& A(,) =!!,)! K(,+#,!& !.!& +,%. "!)!

%!!(! .*!!!!&> #*)!$ ",#*#!.!& *(#,!&!& %&#%. +*(!&!& D!)! !"! ,#%' (!/%!&

 *&%$ *(!+!!& #*)!$ ",$!&#!( .*!"! S%)#!& M( (,&#! !&#%!& A.,!# .*!)!&!&

="!)! "!(, %,+, #(!",+,&!) A(!> (!/%!& #*(+*%# 9!#%$ .* #!&!& M&"*9!(' !*&( (!&!"!

I! ",.!(!& )*$ +*(!& *(&!! M%$!!" ,& D!%" M&"*9!( *&#*(9*!$.!&&/! .*

Page 5: Chapter Review Fizul

7/23/2019 Chapter Review Fizul

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-review-fizul 5/16

4

"!)! !$!+! S*!&/)' "!& %,+, ,&, ",$!&#!( .*!"! P$,), P%,+, ,&, *&*+!$.!& .$!!( 

!&,&' **(&#!.!& /!& !.!& !.!) *()!.% "!(,!"! M(,++

M&"*9!( +*.!),%+ *&%.%$.!& !+%.!& *&!!)' "!& *!+ *&*"!(.!& +*&9!#!

.*!"! K(,+#,!& M(,++ /!& ",+/!., "!)! .&+,(!+, #*(+*%# #*)!$ ",!+%..!& .* "!)!

 *&9!(! A*& F!(! #*)!$ %& *(!"! ", A)%9!((!+' *(+*!&!# *&/*(% (!& (!!, %&#%. 

 !&.,# *&*&#!& .*(!9!!& S*!&!# (*<)%+, #*(+*!( ", +*)%(%$ (!&#!% +*(#! *(%&%&!&

/!& ",",!, )*$ (!& /!& ",.*&!), "*&!& +,!# .**(!&,!& *(*.!' "!& !"! D,+**( 

1568' ,! *(.*!& *&9!", *(!& **!+!& B!, *&9!",.!& *(*(!.!& ,&, *(9!/!'

M(,++ **()%.!& +*(!& *,,& +!$,$ *(.$,"!# +*!!, +!#% +,) ,&+,(!+, N!!-

&!! )!! !"! D,&!+#, U!,//!$ +*!.,& ",)%!.!&' /!& *(%!.!& *&!+!+ K$!),!$ ",

("<!' /!& #*)!$ *&*(!&, *,.,(!& +*!.#% ;!!& *)! T*("!!# +*(!& )*)!., %"!

#,&!) ", A)!/+,& /!& ",.*&!), "*&!& &!!- S*!&/) *),!% ,!,#% D& F*(&!&" "* !)('

/!& !+!) "!(, U!//!$ D,! *)!(,.!& ",(, "!(, (!&!"!' "!& *&!,) *(),&"%&!& ",

A)%9!((!+ M(,++ ",,.#,(! +*!!, (!9! *(*.!' "!& ",! +*+%&%$&/! ",&!#.!& ", A&"!(!

+*!!, M%)!/ M%$!!" A% O*/!' #%$!& A&"!)%+,! "!& (!&!"!

O)*$ ,#%' .*(!9!!& +*)!(, ",#%%$.!& ", A)%9!((!+ O*/! *&,&9!% S,*((!+ *(,!$ (!./!#

%&#%. .*!), ,!& I+)! O*/! *)!!# !&9!(!& %&%& !, *&!,.!& .*!), +*!&!#

(!& (!!, *&*&!, .**(!/!!& I+)! D, **(!! #*!#' M(,++ *(#%.!( *&9!",

!&!+ P*%&%# %.!, /!& #!!.' /!& .*!&/!.!&&/! !(! !"*(, *&9!", +!+!(!&

.*!(!$!& P,$!. (*<)%+, *%+&!$.!& *(*9!-*(*9! !(% ",,&!' **!$.!& +!), "!&

*%&%$ !(! !"*(, "*&!& !(! /!& !),& .*9! P!"*(, A%%+#,&* #*)!$ ",%!& "!)!

.!!$ ,&/!. *&",",$ B!, !"*(, ", #*!# )!,&' #*)!$ ",!&.,#.!& *)!)%, #!.!) .*

.*#,&,!& #*(#*&#% "!& ",,!(.!& 9!#%$ .* #!&!$ /!& *(%)!&-%)!& +*$,&! ",! *&,&!)

"%&,! M!)!$ .!&!.-.!&!. "!(,!"! *(.!$,&!& !%( 9%! #,"!. #*(.*%!),

S*.!), )!,' A)%9!((!+ #*(!.!( "*&!& +!)!$ +!#% **(!&!& !),& .*9! "!)!+*9!(!$ P!"! 2 @!&%!(, 156' M&"*9!( .*)%!( *(+!! #*&#*(!&/! *&,&!).!& (!&!"! "!)!

 9!!!& !&!.&/!' B,)!& T*&",))! S*,)!&!& *+!( #*&#*(! #*)!$ ",.*(!# !"! $!(, .* M(,++

)*$ A)!/+,& ", !&! *(*.! *!+ #*(),!# "!)! !! +!$!9! *.!(! "*&!!& )*+*& #*&#*(!

A"%!& /!& ",%!# #*)!$ ",9!! "*&!& #*%(!&' #,&, $!#, M*&!,) )!)%!& *)!)%, )*!$

L*(,&' M;%"*9!( *($*&#, ", P!"%!) %&#%. *&/*!(.!& #*&#*(!&/! +**)% *&!!, !%&

Page 6: Chapter Review Fizul

7/23/2019 Chapter Review Fizul

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-review-fizul 6/16

5

T!)!#* /!& ",*(,&#!$.!& +*!!, ,&#% !+%. .* (!&#!% ,&, T*("!!# +*%!$ 9!!#!&

*(*&#!+, 9%(!& /!& *&!.%#.!& #*)!$ ",%+&!$.!& )*$ M(,++ "!& $!&/! *&,&!).!&

+.&!& &,,+ /!& *)*$.!& $!&/! +!#% )*)!., *(!&, *(*&#!+ !"! !+! ,#% A+.!( 

",#!.%#.!& !!,)! *,.,(.!& #*&#!& 9!!#!& *(.*!, #*#!, (!$, F(!&+,+!& /!& *(!&,

 *(&!! $(,+#<*) M),&!' *&%&!.!& &!! @*+%+ ' "!& *(+,+! ",(,&/! "*&!& +!), ", +!#%

#!&!& "!& +*,)!$ *"!& /!& )!,&' *(9!/! *(*&#!+ .* +**)!$ +!&!

@!!#!& ,#% #*)!$ ",*(!,., )*$ M&"*9!( "!& !% %&#%. *!! #*&#*(!&/!

M(,++ #*)!$ *&%.%$.!& .*"%"%.!& *(*.! *($!,(!& A)!9!(!), *)*,$, ",!&!

#*()*#!.&/! B%,&' "!*(!$ ,% .#! I! #!&!$ .!+!(' +*+%!, %&#%. **(!&!& M*(*.! #,"!. 

+*+%!, *()!!& !"! +!)9, )*!# "!& .*+*9%.!& /!& *&%+%. .* #%)!& L!)%!& #*)!$ #*("*"!$

%&#%. (!./!# S*!&/) *(9!/! "!& *(.!!" !#!+ B%,& ", !&! M(,++ #*)!$ #*()*!+

.$!;!&!$ 9&.& *(*.!' !(,' !(!& .*!+ "!& +%#*(! $!)%+ P*.!&&/! )*$ ",.!#!.!&

)*!$ T*&#*(! S*!&/) #*)!$ *&!,) +*!&/!. !&! $!(#! (!!+!& M&"*9!( *),&"%&,

!&,#! M(,++' +*!!, "!+!(&/! !"!)!$ %&#%. *&,&!).!& $%%&!& %&#%. *("!!,!&

T,!"! *(+!)!& !, *%)!.!& "!& *&!!#.!& (%&",&!& S!+!(!& #*&#*(! /!& !.!& "!#!&

,!)!$ @%,)*+ M(,++ *&!!(.!& *&"!!,!&' %&#%. *&"%"%., !&"!( +!! /!& #*)!$

",(!. !"! 18 @!&%!(, 156

K,(!-.,(! "%! (,% (!& !&,#! "!& #,! (!#%+ (!& )*)!., #*)!$ ",!,) +*!!, #!!&!&

L*)!., ",)*#!..!& .* "!)! +*%!$ .* ' "!& *(*%!& ",+*+%!,.!& ", +*%!$ *(*9! P!"!

!.#% !)! +*(!& !+.!( S*!&/) %! %&#%. *&!%) !",+ M(,++ K*.!+,$&/! /!&

*&/!!( +*!!, +*(!& !&,#! *),$!# +*%! ,&, S!)!$ +*(!& *(!& "*&!& +,.! !+.!( 

/!& *&/!!( +*!!, !&,#! #!!&!& B*()!.%&/! *(!"%$!& !#!% (%+%$!& ",!&! !+.!(-

!+.!( S*!&/) *&/*(!& .* P*%&%$!& .*9! *()!.% +*!&9!& !)! M&"*9!( !(!$

 !"! .*.*9!!& ,#%' "!& *(*.! /!& ","!!#, *(+!)!$ #*)!$ ",!&#%& S**&#!(! ,#% ' A%

O*/! #*)!$ *&"!!# *(),&"%&!& ", P!#*(&! "*&!& *&! (,% (!& +%.!(*)!!&&/!

M&"*9!( *&/*(!& P!#*(&! "!& +*.!), )!, M(,++ #*)!$ ",#%!+.!& K*",!!& A%

O*/! #*)!$ ",(!.' #*#!, ",! *)!(,.!& ",(, *&,&!).!& ,% "!& .!.!. ",! /!& #*)!$

",*(,.!& *(),&"%&!& )*$ M&"*9!(

Page 7: Chapter Review Fizul

7/23/2019 Chapter Review Fizul

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-review-fizul 7/16

6

T*&#*(! S*!&/) *&/*(!& M(,++ ", L!+ %!9!(!+ !!,)! ",! *(!&+!& .%% ,&,

 !"! 5$ F*(%!(, K%% ,&, #*()*#!. ", +*%!$ %.,# !&#!(! S!)(*&! !&" !)*; M!)!! /!&

*&*!#.!& !+%.!& M(,++' !)!%%& ,! #,"!. ",)*&.!, +*&9!#!' &!%& *(*.! )*$

*&%(%&.!& #%),+!& !#% *+!( !(!$ %+%$ S*(!&!& !!) *&(!&.!& )!!& (!#%+ (!&

!+.!( M&"*9!( K!&"*( M(,++ !)-Z!!(' #,"!. *(9%!& +*%!$ *(9%!&!&' #*#!, $!&/!

*&!,) +*!&/!. "*&"! /!& )*$ D,! #,"!. *%&/!, $!(!!& *&!)!$.!& M&"*9!( 

"!& ",! #*()*!+ !.! !"! !.#% !)! D, .**+.!& $!(,&/!' !!,)! 9*&*(!) S*!&/)

 *(+*",! **(!$!(%, +*(!&!& *+!(' ",! *&"!!#, !$!! %+%$ #*)!$ )*&/!' .*%!),

$!&/! **(!! .*%9%"!& %(%. #,"!. *(%!/! *%!# (,&#!&!&

P*&,&.!#!& M(,++ *,#% *)%!+ "!& *&*!+.!&' !.! .*(!9!!& S*!&/) #*)!$

*&$!&#!( "%! (!& 9*&*(!) *(.*)*$!& %&#%. *&$!%+.!& ,$!. (*<)%+, M!&!.!)!

M&"*9!( *&*9!( O*/!' +!#% )!, .!&"*( L+ *)*;' *(9%!& %&#%. M(,++ ", +*.#( 

#,%( A)%9!((!+ D!)! (!&#!% ,&,' *9%!& .**("*.!!& M(,++ ,!,#% A)*(,! +%&%$ !.#, 

"!& +*&#,!+!*(!"! "!)! .*!"!!& #*(!&! M!(.%,+ L+ *)*; ,!)!$ +*+*(!& /!& +&'

"!& #*(.*&!) "*&!& (!+! *&, #*($!"! M(,++ /!& #,"!. "!!# ",.,.,+ M*(*.!

*!&,)&/' .*#%! S/!,#!&G M!(.%,+ "!$!!.!& "!(!$ "!& *&$!&#!( M(,++ .* **(!!

.**& D, F,), #*(9!",&/! *%&%$!& *(!!,-(!!, #*($!"! !&,#! "!& .!&!.-.!&!.

M*(*.! /!& *(),&"%& ", (,%&!& ",$*(*# .*)%!( "!& ",%&%$ B!&/!. )*)!., '!&,#! "!& !/,

(*)! #*(9%&! #*(%+ .* "!)! !%& "!(,!"! 9!#%$ !+%. "!)! #!!&!& %+%$-%+%$ *(*.!

K*.*9!!& /!& ",)!.%.!& )*$ ,$!. #*&#*(! ,&, ",.!#!.!& *(%!.!& +!)!$ +!#% (*."

 *&!!,!& S!/! +*&",(, *),$!# !/!# +*(!& !&,#! M(,++ ",*&%$, "*&!& )%.! /!&

",!(,&.!& !#!+ #!&!$ "*&!& *&! "!(,!"! !&!.-!&!.&/! !#, #*(!(,& ",+*.,#!(&/! D,!

#*)!$ *(9!/! *),&"%&, !&!. .*#%9%$&/! /!& *(%!.!& +*(!& !/, "*&!& !"!&&/! ",

#*%+, #!. !!( !&!.&/! #*(+*)!!# "!& #,"!. *&!)!, +*!(!& .**"*(!!& A&!.&/!

 *(!%#!& ","!"! ,%&/! /!& *&,&!) "%&,! S!/! *!! ,! 9!%$ "!& *&/*)!!#.!&&/!

D, O$!&*;' .**&!&!& #*)!$ ",+!%# "*&!& +*!&!# .*!!!!& *+!( S!#% *+#!P*&/%,!& D!(!G #*)!$ ",!"!.!& "!& +!#% *(!(!.!& *&*)%!(.!& !(.%,+ P*(!(!.!&

*(!&.%, +!#(,! *(!&,' "!& !&,#! K(,+#,!& !, *&/*)!!#.!& "!(, #!!&!& M(,++

S*%! *!! !(&! %#,$ "!& *&/!&/, A!,)! %!!(! .*!!!!& #*)!$ *(!.$,(' *+#!-

 *+#! +*.%)!( #*)!$ ",%)!.!& )*$ #*&#*(! ", L+ *)*; !&,#! M(,++' .*!&/!.!&

Page 8: Chapter Review Fizul

7/23/2019 Chapter Review Fizul

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-review-fizul 8/16

7

"!(,!"!&/! %"! "!& !&#,. #*)!$ ",$!&#!( *&9!", &!+% !+.!(' "!& .* *(#%.!( *&9!", +!#%

 *+#! *)!&!(!& .*+%+,)!!& /!& *()!&+%& +*)!! "%! ,&%

T*("!!# 9%! .*!&!+!& /!& ",)!.%.!& )*$ !+.!(-!+.!( #!&! $!" "!& .*9! ", !!$

 **(,&#!$!& M&"*9!( B,)! **(&#!.!& *(%)! ", A,%9!((!+' +*(!#%+ ),! %)%$ M(,++

#*)!$ ",*&9!(!.!& B!! "!& +!%"!(! )*)!., O*/! *(%!.!& !&#!(! !&"%!& A!) M! 156'

 *&*(! !)+% #*)!$ ",!&.,#.!& !$!! O*/! !.!& *,,& +*(!&!& %&#%. 

**!+.!& *(*.! T,!"! +*(!&!& *()!.%' #*#!, .$!!( !&,& /!& ",*#*(!, *&*&!,

&!+, #!$!&!& P!(! #*&#*(! *&/*(% *&9!(! ,#% !"! #*&!$ !)!' "!& 9!#%$ .* !#!+ (!./!#

/!& #,"!. *(+*&9!#! A$), +*9!(!$ P(*+## *&/,!#.!& #!(,!& *!+#,.!& .*!#,!& D,!

*!&",&.!& !!)!& %(%. #*&#!& *%&%$!& *(!!,-(!!, !"! S*#**( +*!+!

R*<)%+, P*(!&,+' "!& *&/!)!$.!& .*(!9!!& .*(!&! .*#,"!.%!/!!& *&/*",!.!& .*+*)!!#!&

/!& *&%.%, %&#%. M(,++ D*&"! +*!.,& *&,&.!# !"! A)%9!((!+ A*& O*/!

*&%#%+.!& +!%"!(!&/! A"%))!$ .* &+#!&#,&)* "!(,!"! *$& !&#%!& T%(.,

!)!%%& .*(!9!!& T%(., #,"!. +%.! %&#%. !%( #!&!&' ,! **&!(.!& +%.!(*)!!& %&#%. 

*&/*(#!, I+)! ", S*!&/) D*&!& )*,$ !&/!. (*.(%# ", !!$ *(,&#!$&/!' O*/!

**&#!+.!& *(!& *(,)!&/! ", +%!#% ,)!/!$ )*,$ *+!( M&"*9!( !#!% L+ *)*; "!)! +!#%

.*"%"%.!& *)!&!(.!& *(*(!.!& **!+!& M(,++ T*("!!# /!& *&!#!.!& !$!!

 *(!& ", A)%9!((!+ "!& #*!#-#*!# )!,& !.!& *(!.$,( #,"!. )!! )!, K!, *&"!!#, #,"!. 

!"! .*(9!+!! !&#!(! M&"*9!( "!& M!(C%,+* P*&"*.!#!& *(*.! .*!"! !+!)!$ *(*;!

M!&!.!)! .*"%!-"%! #,"!. !"! *)!+ .!+,$!&' M&"*9!( *(!/! "!)! +!#% "!+!( #*(%.!' !+!

.* !+!' ",! *(.%&,.!+, "*&!& O*/!' #*#!, !(C%,+ !$%.!& %&#%. *&*(%+.!& *(!&

+*$,&! *&$%9%&&/! D,! *(!&! "*&!& M(,++' ", F,), ",! #*)!$ *%&%$ #%9%$

(!#%+ M(,++ "*&!& .*.!)!$!& ,#% $!&/! +*,)!&!& .*,) !+.!(-!+.!(&/! D,! *),$!# #,"!. 

 *()% +!#% *&/*)*+!,!& "!!,' .*(!&! ",! *%&/!, +.&!& *!!, #,&, .*(!9!!&

K*+*%!' *(*.! *!! +!#% .**& ,#&!$ #*($!"! M&"*9!( P$,), *&!&#,.!& ",!

+*!!, +!%"!(! )*)!.,&/! +*&",(, ,!,#% P& @$& /!& #*(.*&!) "!(, A%+#(,!

Page 9: Chapter Review Fizul

7/23/2019 Chapter Review Fizul

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-review-fizul 9/16

8

D& @$& #*)!$ #,! ", (!&!"! !"! 12 A(,)' 156 S!#% !9),+ *(!& #*)!$ ",!"!.!&

"!& ,! ",%#%+.!& !$!! +**)% *%)!.!& *(!+ K*)%)%+!& P$,), #*)!$ ",*()*$, P!"!

 !, "!& $!(, /!& ",#*#!.!& !, #%9%!& ,#% ' M(,++ /!& ",!&#!(! %%( +*%)%$ "!& *&!

 %)%$ ",!(!$.!& %&#%. *(!"! ", *(*9!-*(*9! %., !&,#! !.!& #*#! *(!"! ",#*!#&/!

%&#%. ",9!",.!& #*%+!& M!() !(<!9!) ,!)!$ +!#% +!.+, *&$,9(!$!& D,,.!# )*$ #!), ,&#!)

+**(#, +!#% .%%)!& *&9*&!/!$ !#!% $!!' M(,++ *(#%.!( "!(,!"! +*%!$ !&"!( (!/!

.*)!$,(!&! /!& #*(!#%( K*(!9!!&&/! .*9! #,"!. *&/*",!.!& !!-!! .*%"!$!& !#!%

 *(9!)!&!& /!& +%&/, .* "!)! *"!)!!& !+#,)* K*!&/!.!&&/! *&,&!) "%&,! .*(!&!

.*+*",$!& "!& .*)*#,$!&' !#!% #*)!$ ",%&%$' *(!. !#!% ",9%!) +*!!, $!! )*$ !+.!( 

*(*.! L*,$ "!(,!"! #,! (,% (!& )*)!., ' "!& *&*&!, ,)!&!& !&,#! )*,$ *+!( #*)!$

",,&"!$.!& "!(, (!&!"! M*(*.! 9%! #,"!. ",*(,#!$% #*&#!& !&!. *(*.!

S*(!&!& !)*(! !"!)!$ +!)!$ +!#% *(#*%(!& /!& !),& &*(, !&#!(! M(,++ "!&

#*&#*(! S*!&/) B*),!% #*)!$ *&%%.!& +*#,! $!)!!& "*, $!)!!& *(9%!&!& /!&

"!$+/!# ", !)*(! "!& !/! *&%),+!& *&,&!#.!&&/! .*!"! E"!(" ,& S!/! #,"!. 

"!!# *&!$!& ",(, %&#%. **#,. **&#%. .*(9!-.*(9! !.!%& /!& +*(!&!& *(,.%#&/! ",

!)*(!' +!#%-+!#%&/! !/!# "!)! !$!+! I&*(,+ /!& +!/! .*#!$%, I! !"!)!$ +!#% *(9%!&!&

!%# /!& $!,( !+#, "*,.,!& &!+% +*&,# !(! *9%!& S*!&/) +*&#,!+! .*/!.,&!&

.**&!&!& ,),. *(*.!' !&!.!)! M(,++ )*!$ "!& %"!$ *(%#%+ !+! K*"%!-"%!

 *(9%!& +**(#, (!&-(!& /!& #!$% !$!! "!)! ,+% .&),. ,&, *(!&#%& &!+, !)*(!

S*.!), )!, .*"%!-"%! !!! *&,&.!# &!,. ", !#!+ *(#*%(!&' +**)!$ ,$!. /!& +!#%&/!

 *("! (!+%) *(%!.!& .*#*&#*(!!& *(*.!' "!& /!& +!#% )!, ",!&,) !"! M!$*# I!

!"!)!$ **(!&!& )*,$ "!(,!"! )!!& !!" /!& #*)!$ ",%&/,.!& S*!&/) "!(, !#!+ %.,# "!&

)*!$ I&, !"!)!$ *#!&"! !$!! #,"!. )!! )!, !.!& *(!.$,(&/! *&$!%+!& !&+! /!&

",#!!&

K&),. /!& +*)!! ,&, *)!(%#!& #*)!$ ",#!!#.!& "*&!& .*#,!!& !/!# #*&#*(! /!&

!+,$ !(% ", !#!+ !"!& P!",))! K*#%! /!& #*)!$ *&/*(!& !&"!( "*&!& +!)%(!& /!&

+!! +**(#, +**)% ,&, #*)!$ *&*%, +*!&!#&/! %&#%. *&!#!+, *)!!, (,&#!&!& T*#!,

!(!-!(! .*9!/!!& *&!#!+, (,&#!&!& ,#% #*)!$ $,)!& K*!&/!.!& (%!$ ", 9!)!&-9!)!& #*)!$

 *(!"! "!)! .*!"!!& %+&!$ !.,!# !, *(,! T*("!!# +*(!& )*)!., /!& $!&/!

 *(+*&9!#!.!& !#% "!& !&!. !&!$ !+,$ #*#! **(#!$!&.!& (%!$-(%!$ #*(+*%# S!#%

Page 10: Chapter Review Fizul

7/23/2019 Chapter Review Fizul

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-review-fizul 10/16

9

"*, +!#% .*!&/!.!& *&/*(!&&/! ", *!# )*$ (!& S*!&/) "!)! +*.!#!& **)!!&

M!+,$ #*("!!# *&!+,&!& T%(.,' "!& *(*.! *&*.!).!& *(9%!&!& *(*;! "*&!& !"!&

,&!&#(, S*!&/)' ", !&! /!& .*"%! ,#% #*)!$ ",$!&#!( !),. .* ,&,( 9%(!& T*#!, (!.!&-

(!.!& *(*.!/!& *(!"! ", !!$ P!",))! *&/.& (!& S*!&/)' T%(., "!& M(,++

"!)! +*%! !(!$ T*#!, *&!,)!& (!.!& *(*.! ", !!$ P!",))! **(, 9!&#%& !(%

R!./!# S*!&/)? "!& R!./!# T%(., "!& M(,++' *&/*)%%&, +*(%! )*$ .*%&%)!&

&( "!& +*&9!#! !&#!&,+ *(*.!' **(, )!)%!& "!)! +*%! !(!$

L*,$ "!(,!"! +!#% &#$ ",(*.".!& *&*&!, "*+!.!& .**(!&,!& *&*&!, !&,#!

D, !("*&+' +*(!& !",+ M(,++ /!& !!/! #*)!$ #*(.(!& "!)! +*(!&!& *(#!! !.,!#

.*",!!&&/! ",#*!.' ,! ",.!#!.!& *(+!! "%! (!& !",. )*)!.,&/! *#& #!&!&&/!

"*&!& *&%&!.!& +*,)!$ *"!& S!#% )!, .*9!",!& ",*(,#!$% +*(!& )*)!., /!& .*!#,!&

,+#*(,&/! "!& "%! !&!. *(*%!& *(#*(,!.' T,!"! !!-!! !!,)! .*$,)!&!&? !(, !#,

 *(+!!' *%&%$ ",(,&/! "!)! .*!"!!& !(!$ "!(,!"! !#, ",#!&!& %+%$ D!(,!"! "%!

(,% M(,++ #*)!$ *()&. +*, *!# %&#%. **&#%. ,&#% !!( /!& .%.%$ !,

*&/*.!# *)!(,!& M!&!.!)! )*,$ "!(,!"! *!# (!#%+ (!& !&,#! "!& .!&!.-.!&!. 

 *(.%%) *(+!!-+!! #!&! ",&",&' "!& !+.!( /!& *(,$!#,& "!& #,"!. **"%),.!& &,)!,

$!(#! (!!+!& +**,#%' #*)!$ *(+*",! *(!"!, &/!! %&#%. *(*.! I&, #*)!$ ",*($!#,.!& )*$

D& @$& ' )!)% *&*%( .*%!,!& !+.!(&/! "*&!& #*!+ +*(#! *&,&!#.!& *(*.! D,!

!)!%%& #*)!$ *&$!&#!( *&!!)-*&!!)&/! !, *!&#% !+.!( "!)! .*(9!

 *%&%$!&' !&!.!)! ",! "%"%. +*(!& $!&/! *&9!", *&&#& #*&!& ", .%"!&/! +*)!$

)!$ #,"!. +*"!( !.!& 9*(,#!&-9*(,#!& /!& *&/*.+! !&+!-!&+!&/! #!&! *)!+ .!+,$!& D,

 !&"!(' .*,!#!& *%&%$!& !!. .%(!& !.#, S*#,! *#!. "!& !!( /!& #*)!$ ",",(,.!&

%&#%. **(,.!& +!#% *(),&"%&!& +**&#!(! .*!"! *)!(,!& K*!&/!.!& .*",!!& #*)!$

",9!9!$ "!& *&$%&, ",$!)!%' #*("!!# /!& *&!!..!& ",(, *(*.! "*&!& !(!$ .* "!)!

!, "!(,!"! 9!#%$ .* "!)! #!&!& %+%$-%+%$ *(*.! B!, !&,#! "!& .!&!.-.!&!. ",

 !!$ "%! *)!+ #!$%& #,"!. ",%&%$ !&!.!)! +*)*,$&/! *&9!", !&+! *%&%$!& /!&.*9! +*!(! (!!& B!&"!( ",%+&!$.!&' (%!$ #%(%# ",%+&!$.!& +*(#! #!&!$ #*)!$ ",#!%( 

"*&!& !(!

Page 11: Chapter Review Fizul

7/23/2019 Chapter Review Fizul

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-review-fizul 11/16

10

S*)*!+ .*9!#%$!& !)*(!' P$,), *&!(!$.!& D& @$& *&%+,( +*%! M(,++ "!(,

+*#,! !&"!( "!& .!%& "!(, (!&!"!' .* "!)! *"!)!!& +**&!&9%& A(!$!& ,&, #*)!$

",.*)%!(.!& !"! F* 24' 1570 M(,++ ", (!&!"!' R&"!' !%",' M!)!! ' "!& #*!#-

#*!# )!,& #*)!$ ",.%%).!& ", *(*9!-*(*9! #*!#!& L!"!&-)!"!& "!& (%!$ *(*.!

",!,) !),$ )*$ .*(!9!!&' #*#!, *(*.! ",*&!(.!& %&#%. *!! "*&!& *(*.! !& "!&

 *()% !(!&-!(!& *(+*&",(,!& K*(!9!!& *!+#,.!& .*+*)!!#!& ",(, "!& .*%"!$!&

*(*.! "!)! *(9!)!&!& .*!"! "*+#,&!+, !(% *(*.! M*(*.! ",*&#%. *&9!", +/!(,.!# 1500

+*#,! +!#% "*&!& +**,#% (%! +*$,&! .*)%!(! #,"!. ",!&% M(,++ %)!

*&/*+%!,.!& ",(, ", !$!,!& E+#(*(&!"%(! !&" A&"!)%+,! !)!$ 9!%$ .* !),,!

Bandar kecil ini telah ditawan oleh El-Nabaqui denan tenaa !ede"ikian

#an a!kar-a!kar $e%an#ol berlari ke %intu "a!uk denan %enuh keuu%an& 'on

 (ohn !e"%at "elarikan diri) akan teta%i %ena!ihatn#a *ui+ada "eninal dunia

kerana kecederaan %arah& ,!kar $e%an#ol "enadi %atah !e"anat dan %utu!-a!a

!etelah kera% ditewa!kan& 'ia .enuli! ke%ada /hili% dan "enda%at kebenarann#a

untuk berbincan !ecara terbuka denan %e"i"%in .ori!co!) ,ben aboo& 'ia telah

 ua "e"buat %ercubaan untuk "endekati ke%ada El abaqui) ti"balan ,ben ,boo

iaitu o"ander .ori!co& Beliau denan !eoran dirin#a telah datan untuk !atu

te"ubual denan 'on (ohn& 'ia "eniara% ke%ada 'on (ohn dan "e"inta

%ena"%unan bai %ihak orann#a& $ebaai !atu tanda %erda"aian dia

"eneluarkan %edann#a dan "en#a"%aikan ia ke%ada 'on (ohn& o"ander

ri!tian ter!ebut banun dari tanah) ke"bali ber!u"%ah dan bertan#a ke%ada dia

untuk "enunakann#a untuk %erkhid"atan raa& alau%un de"ikian keaalan

keraaan $e%an#ol #an tidak "e"ulihkan !tatu! %ertaruhan que bellu") denan

"e"an!uhkan undan-undan #an telah "en#ebabkan terlalu ban#ak

%ertu"%ahan darah ia telah ber!edia bai %e"berian %ena"%unan bai "ereka

#an akan berhenti berlawan dala" dua %uluh hari& ,ben ,boo datan untuk tahu

bahawa el-abaqui telah berundin !uo "otu dan "enorbankan ke%entinan

orann#a& 'on (ohn "enhantar ernan alle de /alacio! ke%ada ,ben ,boo untuk

uca%an& 'uta ri!tian berte"u ,ben aboo dan dike"ukakan ke%ada dia #an

di%anil !#arat liberal ,boo kea"anantreat#& ,ben "enolak tawaran itu dan

"enawab) tidak akan cuba untuk "enhalan "ana-"ana dari%ada %erkara-

%erkara !a#a dari "en#erahkan bahawa !uka berbuat de"ikian& .anakala !a#a

Page 12: Chapter Review Fizul

7/23/2019 Chapter Review Fizul

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-review-fizul 12/16

11

%erlu "e"akai !atu tulan kerin ca"i!a& $a#a tidak akan "enikut tauladan

"ereka& alau%un tiada lain lelaki !e%atutn#a "enca%ai %er!e%akatan di

,l%uarra!) !a#a lebih !uka hidu% dan "ati !eoran !la" dari%ada "e"iliki !e"ua

keahatan #an "en#ebelahi raa& idak %ernah dan tiada cara akan !a#a %ernah

ber!etuu untuk "eletakkan diri !a#a dala" kua!an#a& ,ben aboo telah "e"beri

kua!a ke%ada !audara lelakin#a El-:hali%e el-:ali%e %ena"%akn#a akan $%aini!h

dari al ; :halib& /eran #an diwarnai denan keana!an adalah %erkara bia!a&

'on (ohn dan a!kar-a!karn#a terlibat dala" %eri!tiwa ke"atian bera"ai-ra"ai

,l%uarra! dan bandar ter!ebut !eolah-olah %u%u! iaitu bandar ter!ebut telah

"enala"i ke!un#ian& <u"ah-ru"ah .ori!co! telah di"u!nahkan) dan "ereka

#an berteduh di ua di!alai !ehina "ati& ,ben ,boo "elarikan diri ke !ebatan

 alan rah!ia) teta%i i!teri dan anak %ere"%uan dia "ati kerana le"a!& /enikut ,ben

,boo telah ditanka% hidu%-hidu% dan di!e"belih& $ebaai %enaharaan terhada%

kea#aan itu) /hili% telah %un "enu"u"kan !atu anuerah ke%ada dua %uluh

a!kar !erta !etia% ketua !atu .ori!co!&

$ebelu" akhir 1570) %eran %e"beba!an ha"%ir ke ke"uncakn#a dan 'on

 (ohn bertolak ke .adrid& eta%i ,ben ,boo "a!ih hidu% dan dia %erlu untuk

"enhalan !atu wabak baru re=olu!i ter!ebut& :eneral 'e>a ter"a!uk dala" !atu

kon!%ira!i "e"bunuh ,ben ,boo& 'ia "eneri"a bantuan !eoran %enena#ah

berna"a :on>alo el ?eni!& 'e>a berani "e"beri dia %encen dan kebeba!an untuki!teri dan anak %ere"%uan dia dari%ada %enabdian ika dia "e"bawa ,ben ,boo

"ati atau hidu%& /re!cott telah "e"beri butiran %enuh %lot ini& /enkhianat e ?eni!

berte"u ,ben ,boo) dan "endakwa bahawa dirin#a adalah %enawal 'e>a& 'ala"

%erelutan berikutn#a ,ben ,boo "e"%ertahankan dirin#a denan %enuh

keberanian) teta%i E-?eni! "ene"bak dia denan !ena%an dan dia telah

tercedera lalu "eninal dunia& .a#at ,ben ,boo diankut denan !ebuah kereta

kuda dan di!a"%aikan ke%ada 'e>a& e%ala ,ben ,boo di%oton dan dikawal oleh

%enawal #an "e"enuhi hada%an %intu %aar& @alu 'e>a "en#atakan denan%enuh "arah Aini ialah ke%ala %enkhianat) ,ben ,boo& $e!ia%a #an

"e"buann#a ia akan di!ek!a !ehina "ati & Badan !elebihn#a diberikan ke%ada

kanak-kanak #an "elalui alan-alan itu !ebaai %a"eran dan akhirn#a ia dibuan

ke dala" a%i& $ede"ikian ialah ke!udahan #an trai! ,ben ,boo& Bai <ak#at

$e%an#ol tindakan !ebeitu oleh oran kaCr adalah tindakan biadab) teta%i denan

Page 13: Chapter Review Fizul

7/23/2019 Chapter Review Fizul

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-review-fizul 13/16

12

berlakun#a %eri!tiwa ter!ebut telah "e"buka ke!edaran bahawa dia !eharu!n#a

diberi %enhor"atan !ebaai !eoran !#ahid #an "eluankan hidu%n#a untuk

hak) kebeba!an dan ke%erca#aan&

$ele%a! %eran itu) %erintah 'raconian 1569 telah dikuatkua!akan "e"bala!

denda" ) dan .ori!co! telah dihantar ke%ada "e"buru ol# nqui!ition& Dran-

oran ri!tian la"a berCkiran !e"%it iaitu "en#i"%an dan "a!ih di%enaruhi

akti=iti cara hidu% !e"a!a >a"an ke"ilanan ,ben ,boo& .ereka hidu% di bawah

ketakutan berteru!an akibat dari%ada !ebilanan dari%ada "ereka ditanka% dan

dibicarakan& 'ala" tia%-tia% bandar dan "uki" !eoran %eawai dilantik "elawat

!etia% ru"ah .ori!co! dulun#a !etia% dua "inu& $etia% .ori!co! telah

didatarkan dan dia dilaran untuk "enubah kedia"ann#a tan%a kebenaran kha!&

.ori!co! tidak dibenarkan "elawat :ranada& (ika dida%ati dala" !e%uluh buah lia

bandar ra#a) huku"ann#a ialah ke"atian& Bebera%a u%acara-u%acara %alin "udah

dilihat dan latihan harian #an "e"bankitkan kei"anan iaitu tidak "e"akan

"akanan #an !u"bern#a dari dain babi dan wain) keenanan "akan dain

haiwan "ati) %erkahwinan antara !e%u%u) "e"oton ke"aluan kanak-kanak lelaki)

%ua!a di bulan <a"adhan) %enunaan inai oleh %ere"%uan dan "a#at dibalut kain

%utih !ebelu"%enebu"ian& ndi=iu #an "e"iliki *uran ialah ena#ah %alin

kea"& ehadiran bidan ri!tian "en#ebabkan undan-undan "enadi lebih ketat&

.ereka dikehendaki untuk "e"buka %intu ru"ah-ru"ah "ereka untuk

%e"erik!aan& @au dan "eraikan "ereka telah dihara"kan&

  Dran ri!tian #an "elinduni .ori!co! bertanunawab ke%ada

%endakwaan& enr# Fharle! @ea) ahli !earah ,"erika #an telah "e"buktikan

"elalui "uka !urat ini) iaitu "enu"%ul $tati!tik dari %ro!idin /a!itan dan rekod-

rekod rele=an lain) dari cubaan) huku"an dan %e"bakaran .u!li" .ori!co! #an

enan untuk "enalah denan ke%erca#aan "ereka& a akan terlalu %ananuntuk "ena"bil cabutan dari data !tati!tik di!u!un oleh dia& eta%i ke!u!ahan

.ori!co! terbaik direnun-renun oleh ke! ke!alahan-ke!alahan !anat re"eh-

te"eh #an naik !ebelu" /a!itan& a"i boleh "en#ebut !e!etenah untuk

"enunukkan a%a #an teradi di !ebuah "a!#arakat di "ana toleran!i aa"a dan

%era!aan "anu!ia cu"a kata-kata ko!on& 'ala" 1575) :arci <odrique! dicuba

Page 14: Chapter Review Fizul

7/23/2019 Chapter Review Fizul

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-review-fizul 14/16

13

kerana dia tidak !enaa "en#atakan %enda%at bahawa dala" %eran denan

:ranada !atu %eawai tentera tertentu telah di!ela"atkan oleh !eoran a!kar dan

tidak denan "enunakan Ble!!ed .ar#& 'ieo .ene> #an %a!ti "eneri"a !atu

ratu! !ebatan kerana dia "enunakan baha!a biadab terhada% Nabi& ,lon!o de

$oria telah di!ek!a dan didenda kerana !e"a!a !atu %erbincanan dia telah

"e"buat !atu %ern#ataan #an berbun#i A!ebelu" !eoran %aderi tidak ber"akna

kerana %enakuan !ebenar dan kebertanunawaban untuk do!a-do!a !e!eoran

akan datan !ele%a! ke"atian !e!eoran& !abel) adi! .ori!co! "uda dia"bil

bekera dala" keluara ri!tian dihuku" kerana di !atu %ertenkaran dia "enutuk

Dran ri!tian dan ua "enaku #an dia "enikuti !atu kod undan-undan

berbe>a& 'ala" 1587 Bartolo"c $anche> telah dihuku" denan tia tahun di hali&

/a!itan tidak ka!ihankan wanita tua "alah !abella GacH") wanita beru"ur !e"bilan

%uluh tahun di%ak!a berkawad "elalui !ebuah alan dan didenda kerana "e"iliki

!ebuah *uran& /endakwaan !etia% hari ini "elua!kan uran antara Dran ri!tian

dan .ori!co! !ehinakan keadaan "enadi !e"akin "eruncin #an

"endatankan kebencian "ereka untuk .a>hab <o"an atolik& o"en Fer=ante!

dala" lo! colloquio de dia /erro! dialo antara anin "encer"inkan !ika% Dran

$e%an#ol ber%endidikan ke arah .ori!co!& Iie kata denan ke!al) J.ori!co!

"endarabkan kerana "ereka !e"ua berkahwin "ereka bukan "en#ertai tentera

"ahu%un a"bil ke%ada "e"buan "ereka "eluankan !edikit ) dan "en#orok

%enda%atan "ereka"ereka "enunakan $e%an#ol !e%erti de"a" la"bat&J teta%i

bebera%a Dran ri!tian waar !uka /edra>a !atu kanun katedral :ranada #an

konte"%orari denan %eran di ,l%uarra!) "e"ean %andanan berbe>a& 'ia

"enda%ati .ori!co! "e"%un#ai oran ewidle di kalanan "ereka "ereka !atu

oran #an tini "oral iaitu uur dala" uru!an "ereka) #an %alin "urah hati

ke%ada olonan "i!kin dan ia han#a di!ebabkan keta"akan haki" dan kekea"an

%eawai #an telah "en#ebabkan "ereka ber"u!uhan ke%ada aa"a&J

Page 15: Chapter Review Fizul

7/23/2019 Chapter Review Fizul

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-review-fizul 15/16

14

Ke%&#'!

S*!(! .*+*)%(%$!&&/! "!!# ",),$!# !$!! *(!& %&#%. *&"!!#.!& **!+!&

!!# +%.!( %&#%. ",!!, D!)! (+*+ %&#%. *&"!!# **!+!& #*(+*%# #*)!$ )!$,( 

 **(!! #.$ /!& *!,&.!& *(!&!& *&#,& "!)! *&%&#%# **!+!& #*(+*%# +**(#,

A*& A P*&,&"!+!&-*&,&"!+!& %!# I+)! ", S*!&/) ", !!$ D*!& I&.%,+,+, S*!&/)

"!& *&%!+! R!9! ", S*!&/) ",(!+!.!& +%"!$ *&!(-*&!( ", )%!( !#!+ P*&$!%+!& ,"*&#,#,

.*,+)!!& +*!(! +,+#*!#,.' !.+!!&' +*(#! *&,&"!+!&-*&,&"!+!& #*($!"! .!% M(,+

*&,%).!& *(!)!$!& ", .!)!&!& *(*.! K!% /!& #*(#,&"!+ ,&, *&,(, %#%+!& .*

A(,.! %&#%. *$& !&#%!& !)!%%& +*!$!,!& /!& )!,&&/! #*(%+ *)!&!(.!&

 *&*&#!&!& "*&!& *&!&.!# +*&9!#! ", "!*(!$-"!*(!$ *(%&%&!& D*&!& +**&%$ "!/!

/!& ",,),.,' *(*.! *(%+!$! +*.%!# #*&!! %&#%. **(#!$!&.!& !.,"!$ N!%& +!/!&'

%+!$! *(*.! *&*%, .*!!)!& S%(!#-+%(!# 9!!!& "!(, !(! *,,& %!# I+)! ", A(,.!

 9!#%$ .* #!&!& .!% S!),,+' *&%!+! S*!&/) D!)! +%(!# 9!!!& "!(, A(,.! ,#%

",&/!#!.!& .*+*",!!& **(,&#!$ I+)! ", +!&! %&#%. *&)& .!% %+),,& /!& $*&"!. 

*)!(,.!& ",(,' 9%! +,! *&,(,.!& !+%.!& "!& .!!)-.!!) *)!)%, *+,+,( M*),))! "!&

L!(!$* !)!%!!,!&%& *(.!(! #*(+*%# +%"!$ ",.*#!$%,' "%! "!*(!$ ,#% !.$,(&/! ",9!!

.*#!# )*$ !+%.!& K(,+#,!& S*!&/) P!(! *9%!& %+), ,&, #,"!. %#%+ !+! S*!&!# *(*.!

#!. +*",.,# %& *&%(%& M*(*.! )!)% *&!"!.!& *(#*%!& (!$!+,! ", ,&,( .#! (!&!"!

D!)! *(#*%!& ,#%' M%$!!" ,& U!/!$ =A*& A "!)! ),"!$ (!& S*!&/)>

",#*#!.!& +*!!, *,,& D,! *(!+!) "!(, .*#%(%&!& B!&, U!/!$ P*,,& ,&,

Page 16: Chapter Review Fizul

7/23/2019 Chapter Review Fizul

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-review-fizul 16/16

15

+**)%&/! *(%!.!& +*(!& /!& +%"!$ *&9!", (!& K(,+#,!&& /!& &!! .(,+#,!&&/!

,!)!$ F*(&!&" "* J)( !)!%!!,!&!%&' %+!$! A*& A *&*%, 9!)!& %&#% .*(!&!

 **(,&#!$!& R!9! S*!&/) .*#,.! ,#% /!& ",.*#!$%, %% ",*(,&#!$ )*$ R!9! P$,), II /!&

*&,.%# 9*9!. )!&.!$ !!&/! $!()*+ ,!,#% +*(!& *&!&%# K(,+#,!& K!#$),. /!& +!&!#

**&, %!. I+)! M(,++