body coordination (mohd fahim mohd farid 4ukm)

8/12/2019 Body Coordination (Mohd Fahim Mohd Farid 4ukm)

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BODY

COORDINATIONPREPARED BY :

MOHD. FAHIM MOHD FARID

4UKM


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BODY

COORDINATION

REFLEXACTION

KINAESTHETICSENSE

HUMAN BRAIN

ALCOHOL

DRUGS

CHEMICAL

COORDINATION


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BODY

COORDINATION

Coordination is the adjustment of our bodys

responses towards any stimuli that involveseveral parts of body.

Coordination involves the adjustment of organs,

limbs and body system

There are two types of body coordination i.enervous coordination and hormonal coordination


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NervousCoordination

Central nervous system

The centre of

coordination in humans

Peripheral nervoussystem

Consist of the autonomic

nervous system and the

somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous

system

Contains nerves that

connect the spinal cordto internal organs and

glands

Somatic nervous system

Consists of cranial

nerves and spinal nerves

that control voluntary

actions


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Classification of the human nervous

system

Human nervous

system

Central nervous

system

brain Spinal

cord

Peripheral nervous

system

Somatic nervous

system

(controlled)

Cranial nerves Spinal nerves

Autonomic

nervous system

(not controlled)


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Neurone

The neurone is the basic unit of the nervous

system. Its function is to carry nerve impulsesA receptor is a cell in the sensory organ that

identifies stimuli due to changes in the

surroundings

An effector is an organ that responds towardsthe received stimuli


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Types of neurone and its function

Types of neurone

Sensory

neurone

Relay

neuroneMotor neurone

Carries impulses from thereceptors to the central

nervous system

Connects sensory neuronesand motor neurones

Carries impulses to musclesand glands (effectors) in the

body


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Neurone

Cell body

dendron

dendrite

myelin

sheath

Node of

ranvieraxon

Nerve

ending

nucleus

cytoplasm


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REFLEX

ACTION

Reflex action is the automatic quick body

response towards external stimuli that occurswithout brain control

Reflex action is controlled by the spinal cord and

this action protects us from danger or injury

Receptors are sensory cells in the skin whereaseffectors are limb muscles.


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Reflex arc


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Kinaesthetic

A proprioceptor can act as sensory organ

because of its sensitivity to muscle contractionKinaesthetic sensory receptors are found in the

muscles, joints, ligaments and tendons

Kinaesthetic sense enables us to be aware of

the position of our body to maintain balance andalso to enables us to detect body movements


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Human Brain

Cerebellum -Controls body

balance

-Coordinates body

balance

Cerebrum -Controls voluntary actions and sensory

functions

-- the biggest part of the brain

Medulla oblongata

- Controls involuntary

actions such as

heartbeats and

sneezing


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Voluntary and involuntary actions

Voluntary action

- type of action that iscontrolled by desires

Involuntary actions

- controlled by themedulla oblongata

Ch i l di ti


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Chemical coordination

in

the bodyPituitary glands Thyroid glands

Adrenal glands Pancreas glands

Testis (male)Ovary (female)


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Drugs and their

characteristics

EXAMPLES OF

DRUGS

Heroines and

morphine

AmphetamineLSD

Cocaine

Barbiturate


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Drugs and their

characteristics

TYPES OF

DRUGS

Depressants (sedative)

Heroine and morphine

Delay response to astimulus

Hallucinogens (modify

emotions)

Marijuana

Hallucination

Opiates (painkiller)

Morphine and marijuana

Relieve pain and anxiety

Stimulants (stimulator)

Amphetamine

Increase metabolic rate


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Effects of alcohol on

body coordination and

healthAlcohol affects the nervous system by hindering

the efficiency of its function and coordinationThe response time of a drunkard during

emergencies is longer

Alcohol can interfere with the cerebrum and

slow down its impulse transmissionsAlcohol can damage liver cells, decrease bile

production and cause liver cirrhosis and

hepatitis

body coordination (mohd fahim mohd farid 4ukm)

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