8/19/2019 Biologi Laut - Terumbu Karang dan Ekologi

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Biologi Laut | Terumbu Karang

Romanus E Prabowo

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Faktor Lingkungan Yang Mempengaruhi

Hewan Karang dan Terumbu Karang

Romanus E Prabowo

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Faktor Lingkungan untuk Pertumbuhan Terumbu

Karang Sehat

• Perairan laut tropis yang hangat

• Salinitas air laut normal

• Radiasi matahari

•Nutrient anorganik yang rendah

• Turbiditas rendah

• Sedimentasi rendah

• Gerakan air yang kuat

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Spektrum Radiasi Elektromagnetik

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PAR Photosyntetic Active Radiation

• The spectral range (wave

band) of solar radiation from

400 to 700 nanometers that

photosynthetic organisms

are able to use in theprocess of photosynthesis

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Absorbsi cahaya dalam Lautan

Light Intensity

• decreases with depth

• 100 meter = depth limit of hermatypic corals primarily a result

of the overall reduction in light• many studies have focused upon how changing light

intensities with depth affect the photosynthesis of

zooxanthellae of corals

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Absorbsi cahaya dalam Lautan

Spectral Characteristics

• red wavelengths absorbed more readily by water than blue

wavelenths

•

blue light penetrates deepest in the oceans• the change in the spectral characteristics of light with depth

likely to influence plant photosynthesis

• less work has been done to understand the influence of the

spectral distribution of light on zooxanthellae photosynthesisin corals

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Absorbsi cahaya dalam Lautan

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Absorbsi cahaya dalam Lautan

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Produktivitas Primer 

The rate of production of organic matter by autotrophs

Photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2

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Produktivitas Primer 

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Photoadaptation in Corals

• Changes in pigment concentrations and algal densities in

response to light intensity

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Photoadaptation in Corals

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Absorption of Ultraviolet Radiation by the

Earth’s Atmsophere 

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Absorption of Ultraviolet Radiation by the

Earth’s Atmsophere 

• damage to DNA resultingin mutations

• damage to other

biological moleculeso proteins: enzyme

inactivation

o lipids: disruption of cellmembranes andmembrane transportsystems

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Absorption of Ultraviolet Radiation by the

Earth’s Atmsophere 

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Ultraviolet Absorbing Compounds in Corals

• mycosporine-like amino acids (MAA’s) 

• MAA’s apparently produced by zooxanthellae but stored in

the animal tissues

• concentrations greater in shallow water corals than in deeper

ones

• transplation experiments demonstrate adaptional changes in

pigment concentrations

• positively buoyant eggs exhibit higher concentrations of

pigments than do negatively buoyant eggs

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Corals and UV Radiation