biologi f4 sbp akhir tahun 2008

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SULIT 45514551BiologiOktober20082½ jam

BAHAGIAN PENGURUSAN SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUHDAN SEKOLAH KLUSTER

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

________________________________________________________________

PEPERIKSAAN DIAGNOSTIK TAHUN 2008

TINGKATAN EMPAT

BIOLOGI

Kertas 1

Satu jam lima belas minit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

1. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam Bahasa Inggeris.

2. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di bawah

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INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

1. This question paper consists of 50 questions.2. Answer all questions.3. Answer each question by blackening the correct space on the answer

sheet.4. Blacken only one space for each question.5. If you wish to change your answer, erase the blackened mark that you

have made. Then blacken the space for the new answer.6. The diagrams in the questions provided are not drawn to scale unless

stated.

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Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 26 halaman bercetak.

[Lihat sebelah

7. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator.

SMS MUZAFFAR SYAH , MELAKA

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Answer all questions

1. The following information refers to an organelle of a plant cell.

Whi

2. The

Whi

A

B

C

D

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A membranous sac which occupies a large part of a mature plant cell.

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ch of the labelled parts, A, B, C and D is the organelle?

diagram shows an organelle of a cell.

ch process only occurs in this organelle?

Osmosis

Diffusion

Respiration

Photosynthesis

Contains water, stored food, salt and waste materials.

A B C

D


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3. The diagram shows a type of animal tissue.

What is the tissue?

A Epithelial tissue

B Connective tissue

C Smooth muscle tissue

D Skeletal muscle tissue

4. The diagram shows the process of feeding by Amoeba sp.

Which organelle is not involved in the process shown in the diagram ?

A Lysosome

B Food vacuole

C Pseudopodia

D Contractile vacuole

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5. The table shows the characteristics of a plant tissue X.

Consists of companion cells

Contains sieve tubes

Which of the processes is related to the tissue X?

A Absorption

B Reproduction

C Transpiration

D Translocation

6. The diagram shows the structure of a plasma membrane.

The proteins labelled X and Y are

X Y

A Pore protein Pore protein

B Carrier protein Carrier protein

C Carrier protein Pore protein

D Pore protein Carrier protein

XY

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7. The diagram shows a sodium-potassium pump.

What process involves in the mechanism?

A Osmosis

B Diffusion

C Plasmolysis

D Active transport

8. The information refers to a condition of a red blood cell after being immersed in a

solution.

What process experienced by the red blood cell?

A Crenation

B Haemolysis

C Plasmolysis

D Deplasmolysis

The cell shrinks

The plasma membrane crinkles up

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9. Which process does not use energy released by respiration?

A Passage of nerve impulses

B Active transport of glucose into the villi

C Formation of gametes in the gonads

D Diffusion of oxygen across the alveolar surface

10. Which process takes place in a root hair cell when oxygen is not available?

A Active transport and osmosis

B Active transport and diffusion

C Active transport

D Diffusion

11 . Onion cells have been placed in four solution of different concentration.

Which cells is immersed in hypotonic solution.

A C

B D

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12. The graph shows the changes of the length of the potato slices in different

solutions.

Which curves labelled A, B, C and D shows the changes of the length of the slices

which were placed in distilled water?

13. Which of the following shows the structure of a polysaccharide?

A B

C D

D

C

B

A

Time / min

Length of potatoslices /cm

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SMS MUZAFFAR SYAH , M
ELAKA
SULIT

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14. How many basic units are required to form the DNA molecule as shown in the

diagram .

A. 3

B. 6

C. 9

D. 18

15. The diagram shows an action of an enzyme and a sucrose.

Q

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What are P, Q and R?

P Q R

A Lactase Glucose Lactose

B Sucrase Glucose Fructose

C Sucrase Lactose Fructose

D Lactase Galactose Lactose

P

R


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16. The diagram shows one of the structures of a protein.

Which compound is made up of th

A. Enzymes

B. Hormones

C. Antibodies

D. Haemoglobins

17. Which graph represents the effec

A.

C.

Rate ofreaction

Rate ofreaction

0

0 7

7

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SMS MUZA

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is structure?

t of pH on the rate of reaction of pepsin.

B.

D.

Rate ofreaction

Rate ofreaction

pH

pH pH

pH

0

014

14 14

14

7

7

FFAR SYAH , MELAKA

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18. The figure shows a cell cycle of an organism.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of process X?

A. Telophase Anaphase Metaphase Prophase

B. Anaphase Metaphase Prophase Telophase

C. Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

D. Prophase Anaphase Metaphase Telophase

19. The number of chromosomes in a skin cell of a cat has a dipl

chromosomes 24.

What is the chromosomal number in its gametes?

i. 12

ii. 24

iii. 36

iv. 48

X

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oid number of

Interphase

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20. The diagram shows a cell of an organism.

What is the stage of cell division shown by the diagram.

A. Prophase I

B. Prophase II

B. Metaphase I

D. Metaphase II

21. The diagram shows several stages in mitosis.

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What is the behaviour of chromosome in stage Y.

A. Chromosomes condense and thicken

B. Chromosomes arrange themselves at the equatorial plane

C. Homologous chromosomes pair together and cross-over occurs

D. Homologous chromosomes separate and move the opposite poles.

Y


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22. Which of the followings shows a stage in meiosis?

A. B.

C.

23. Which is

A. Para

B. Holo

C. Sapr

D. Chem

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D.

an autotrophic organism?

sites

phytes

ophytes

osynthetic organism

SMS MUZAFFAR SYAH ,

SULIT

MELAKA

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24. The information shows the characteristic of a compound.

Which compound has the characteristics?

A. Carbohydrate

B. Protein

C. Water

D. Lipid

25. The diagram shows a longitudinal section of a human villus.

Which of these compounds can be found in S?

A. Vitamin A

B. Vitamin D

C. Amino Acids

D. Tiny droplets of lipids

o Provides protection to organs against physical injuries

o Provides energy for physical activities

o Insulates body against heat loss

o Forms sex hormones

S

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26. Which of the following is correct about the light and dark reaction

Light reaction Dark reaction

A. Occurs in stroma Occurs in grana

B. ATP and hydrogen are used ATP and hydrogen are produced

C. No reduction of carbon dioxide There is reduction of carbon dioxide

D. No oxygen is produced Oxygen is produced

27. The diagram shows the graph of the rate of photosynthesis against light intensity.

● ●

●

The rate of photosyntehsis increases from X to Y. Which limiting factor has been

overcomed?

A. Light intensity

B. Carbon dioxide concentration

C. Temperature

D. Water

Rate ofphotosynthesis 0∙06 % CO2

0∙02 % CO2

Light intensity

X

Y

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28. When 0.4 g of groundnut is completely burnt, the temperature of 20 ml of water

rises up from 30°C to 70°C. ( Secific heat capacity of water is 4.2 Jg °C )

What is the energy value of the groundnut?

A 1.4 kJg−¹

B 3.4 kJg−¹

C. 8.4 kJg−¹

D. 76.2 kJg−¹

29. A food sample is tested to determine its contents.

The table below shows the results obtained.

Food test Result

Benedict’s solution is added and the mixture is boiled Brick red precipitate

Iodine solution is added Brownish yellow colour

Millon’s reagent is added and is heated in a water bath Red precipitate

What are the food classes found in the food sample?

A Starch and protein

B Lipids and protein

C Only reducing sugar

D Protein and reducing sugars

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30. Organ P is a part of the human digestive system.

When a baby drinks milk, what would happen to the milk protein in organ P?

A. Protein is digested by pepsin into amino acids

B. Polypeptides is digested by trypsin into dipeptide

C. Caseinogen is coagulated into casein by rennin

D. Caseinogen is coagulated into casein by hydrochloric acid

31. The diagramshows arespiratorystructure ofan organism.

Which organism has this structure?.

A Frog

B Fish

C Crocodile

D Grasshopper

Organ P

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32. The diagram shows the structure of alveoli .

What process occurs between an alveolus and structure P during gaseousexchange?

A. Osmosis

B. Simple diffusion

C. Active transport

D. Facilitated diffusion

33. Which structure involves in the gaseous exchange in Ameoba sp?.

A. Cytoplasma

B. Food Vacuole

C. Contractile vacuole

D. Plasma membrane

P

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34. The equation shows the process that takes place in yeast.

What is S?.

A. Water

B. Ethanol

C. Oxygen

D. Lactic acid

35. The figure shows a model of a rib cage

Which of the following is represented by P, Q and

P Q

A Sternum Rib

B Intercostal muscle Sternum

C Sternum Intercostal mu

D Intercostal muscle Rib

Glucose S + Energy + Carbon dioxide

R

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SMS MUZAFFAR SYAH ,

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R?

R

Intercostal muscle

Rib

scle Rib

Sternum

Backbone

MELAKA

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36. The diagram shows a human respiratory system.

What happen to structure R during exhalation?.

A. Relaxes and becomes flatten

B. Contracts and becomes flatten

C. Relaxes and becomes dome shape

D. Contracts and becomes dome shape

37. The information shows the results of an experiment to determine the oxygen

content in exhaled air using J-tube.

Th

A.

B.

C.

D.

R

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Length of exhaled air column = 10.0 cm

Length of exhaled air column after

treatment with potassium hydroxide = 9.6 cm

Length oh of exhaled air column after

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e percentage of oxygen content in the exhaled air is

4.0 %

11.0 %

16.0 %

21.0 %

treatment with potassium pyrogallol = 8.5 cm


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38. The diagram shows gaseous exchange in human lungs.

Which of the follow

R

A Contains bloo

high concentroxygen

B Contains bloo

High concentoxygen

C Contains blooconcentrationdioxide

D Contains blooconcentrationdioxide

T

S

Bloodcapillary

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Alveolus

ing is true about blood ves

S

d with

ation of

Allows oxygdiffuse into talveolus

d with

ration of

Allows carboto diffuse intalveolus

d with highof carbon

Allows carboto diffuse intcapillary

d with highof carbon

Allows oxygdiffuse into tcapillary

SMS MUZAFFAR SYA

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sels R, S and T?

T

en tohe

Contains blood withhigh concentrationof carbon dioxide

n dioxideo the

Contains blood withhigh concentrationof carbon dioxide

n dioxideo the

Contains blood withhigh concentrationof oxygen

en tohe

Contains blood withhigh concentrationof oxygen

R

H , MELAKA

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39. The diagram shows a food web and the pyramid of number in an ecosystem.

Which of the following is K?

A. Snake

B. Bees

C. Eagle

D. Green plant

40. The diagram shows the changes in size of the populations of two organism in a

palm oil plantation. The organism are interdependent in a food chain.

What is the interaction between organism X and organism Y.

A. Mutualism

B. Parasitism

C. Prey – predator

D. Commensalism

K

J

M

L

Time / year

Populationof animal Owl

Rats

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41. The diagram shows an interaction between two species.

Which of the follow

Species

A Benefit

B Harm

C Not affect

D Benefit

42. An officer in the

Cengal Trees in

Which is the mo

A. Direct Count

B. Quadrat 1m

C. Quadrat 10m

D. Capture, ma

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ing describe the effect of the interaction between species P and Q?

P Species Q

Benefit

Harm

ed Harm

No affected

Forrestry Depatment wants to determine the distribution of

Belum National Park.

st suitable method to be used ?

ing

X 1m

X 10 m

rk, release and recapture

P

Q


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43. Figure (a) shows the profile of a mangrove swamp while figure (b) shows three

types of root of the trees that are found in the mangrove swamp.

Figure (a)

44.

P

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Figure (b)

Which of the mangrove root(s) can be found in P?

A. X

B. Y

C. Z

D. X and Y

Penicillin was the first antibiotic found.

What is the microorganism that produces penicillin?

A. Virus

B. Fungi

C. Bacteria

D. Protozoa


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45. The diagram shows the root of a leguminous plant.

What is the role of

cycle.

A. Nitrogen fixatio

B. Decomposition

C. Denitrification

C. Nitrification

46. The following inform

The process is

A. colonization

B. competition

C. eutrophication

D. phosphorilation

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the bacteria found in the root nodule of the plant in nitrogen

n

ation is related to a process occurs in an ecosystem

Phosphate runs off into lakes

Rapid growth of autotrophic organisms


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47. The diagram shows a human activity.

Which is the effect of the activity ?

A. Decrease in BOD level

B. Increase the habitat of the fauna

C. Decrease the temperature in north pole

D. Increase the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere

48. What is the effect of dust and smog on leaves of plants ?

A. Decrease the water transport

B. Damages the chlorophyll in the leaf

C. Decreases the amount of light received by the leaf

D. Damages the mesophyll cells in leaf

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49. Which of the following are non renewable resources?

I Iron ore

II Timber

III Petroleum

IV Tin ore

A I and III only

B II and IV only

C I, III and IV only

D I, II, III and IV

50. Which diseases become worse when air pollution occurs?

I Ashma

II Skurvi

III Pellagra

IV Bronchitis

A. I and III

B. I and IV

C. II and III

D. I, III and IV

END OF THE QUESTIONS

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SULIT Nama ...................................................... Tingkatan .................... 45514551BiologiOktober20082½ jam



________________________________________________________________


TINGKATAN EMPAT

BIOLOGIKertas 2

Dua jam tiga puluh minit


1. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam Bahasa Inggeris.2. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di bawah.

4

Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa

Bahagian Soalan MarkahPenuh

Markah

A

1 12

2 12

3 12

4 12

5 12

B

6 20

7 20

8 20

9 20

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INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

1. This question paper consists of two sections :Section A and Section B.

2. Answer all questions in Section A. Write youranswers for Section A clearly in the spaces providedin the question paper.

3. Answer any two questions from Section B. Write youranswer for Section B on the lined paper in detail. Youmay use equations, diagrams, tables, graphs andother suitable methods to explain your answer.

4. Show your working, it may help you to get marks.5. If you wish to cancel any answer, neatly cross out the

answer.6. The diagrams in the questions are not drawn to scale

unless stated.7. The mark allocated for each question or part of

question is shown in brackets.8. The time suggested to complete Section A is 90

minutes, and Section B is 60 minutes.9. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator10. Hand in this question paper at the end of the


551 [Lihat sebelah

Jumlahexamination.


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1.

Section A

[ 60 marks ]

Answer all questions

Diagram 1 shows cell organisation in plant. Cells J undergo differentiation and

specialisation to form several tissues in a leaf of a green plant.

Cell Specialisation

DIAGRAM 1

(a) Name tissue K and tissue L.

K : ..………………………………………………………………………………

L: …………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(b) State the function of cells K and M in a leaf.

K : ..………………………………………………………………………………

M: ……………...…………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

ForExaminer’s

Use

1(a)

1(b)

Cells J

Cross-sectionif aleaf

K

L

Xylemtissue

M

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(c) (i) Explain the differentiation of cells J to form the xylem tissue.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(ii) During the formation of the xylem tissue, the plant was unable to

synthesise lignin.

Explain the effect on the function of the leaf.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(d) Based on diagram 1, state the meaning of cell specialization.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(e) Leaf is the main photosynthetic organ of a plant.

Explain the adaptation of tissue L to enable the leaf to carry out its

function.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks]

1(c)(i)

1(c)(ii)

1(d)

1(e)

TOTAL

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2. Diagram 2.1 shows the synthesis and secretion of an enzyme in an animal cell.

(a) Name the

P : ..………

R: ………

(b) State the f

……………

……………

(c) Explain the

……………

……………

……………

Diagram 2.2 sho

Y.

En

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DIAGRAM 2.1

parts labelled P and R.

………………………………………………………………………

……...…………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

unction of organelle S.

………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

role of organelle Q in the synthesis of an enzyme.

………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

ws the structure of an enzyme and three substrates W, X and

DIAGRAM 2.2

2(a)

2(b)

2(c)

P

Q

R

S

zyme W X Y


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(d) (i) Based on Diagram 2.2, choose the correct substrate and complete the

schematic diagram to show the mechanism of enzyme action on the

substrate.

[2 marks]

(ii) State two characteristics of the enzyme, which are illustrated in (d)(i).

1 : ..………………………………………………………………………………

2: ……………...…………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(e) A child with high fever has body temperature of 41ºC.

Explain the effect on the process of digestion in his digestive system.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks]

2(d)(i)

2(d)(ii)

2(e)

TOTAL

+

Enzyme + Substrate

Enzyme–Substrate complex

+

Enzyme + Products

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3. Diagram 3 shows the phases in a cell division in cell X. The phases are not in

the correct sequence.

DIAGRAM 3

(a) (i) Name the type of cell division.

……………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(ii) State an organ where this cell division takes place.

……………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(b) State the number of chromosomes of cell X during phase P and phase U.

P: …….……………………… U: …….………………………

[2 marks]

(c) (i) State the name of each phase of the cell division in Table 1

Phase Name of the phase

P

Q

R

S

T

U

TABLE 1

[3 marks]

3(a)(i)

3(a)(ii)

3(b)

3(c)(i)

P Q R

UTS

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(ii) State the phase that brings about variation in organism.

Explain your answer.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks]

(d)) Cell X is treated with a type of chemical that retards the function of

centrioles.

Explain what will happen to the chromosomal behavior in stage P.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

3(c)(ii)

3(d)

TOTAL

4. Diagram 4 shows human digestive system.

(a) (i) Name organ

………………

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DIAGRAM 4

Q.

………………………………………

P

SMS MUZAFFAR SYAH , M

Q

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……………………………

[1 mark]

4(a)(i)

R

ELAKA

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(ii) Explain the process of food digestion in Q.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks]

(b) State two effects if the gastric glands in Q are unable to produce

hydrochloric acid.

1 : ..………………………………………………………………………………

2: ……………...…………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(c) Explain one difference between the food that enters P and R.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(d) (i) Explain the absorption of proteins in R.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(ii) Explain the importance of food digestion which enables nutrients to be

absorbed by the villi.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

4(a)(ii)

4(b)

4(c)

4(d)(i)

4(d)(ii)

TOTAL

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5. Diagram 5 shows part of the nitrogen cycle.

DIAGRAM 5

(a) Name process X and compound Y.

Process X: ………………………………………………………………………

Compound Y: …………………………………………………………………..

[2 marks]

5(a)

Nitrogen in theatmosphere

Process X

Ammonium

Nitrites NO2

Compound Y

Fixation bynitrogen

fixingbacteria in

the rootnodules ofleguminous

plants

Deadorganisms

and animalswaste

Absorption

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(b) (i) Plants will convert compound Y into an organic compound.

Name the organic compound.

……………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(ii) Describe the functions of the organic compound named in (b)(i) in plants.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(c) (i) Name the bacteria involve in the fixation of nitrogen in nodules of a

leguminous plant.

……………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(ii) The microorganism name in d (i) interacts with the leguminous plant.

Name and explain the type of relationship between the two species.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(d) Relate the importance of nitrogen cycle in the growth of rabbits.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks]

5(b)(i)

5(b)(ii)

5(c)(i)

5(c)(ii)

5(d)

TOTAL

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Section B

[ 40 marks ]

Answer any two questions from this section.

6. (a) State two differences between passive transport and active transport. [2 marks]

(b)

DIAGRAM 6.1

Diagram 6.1 shows a red blood cell immersed in different salt solutions.

Explain what happen to the red blood cell after being immersed in 3% of sodium

chloride solution and 0.1% of sodium chloride solution for half an hour.

[8 marks]

(c) Diagram 6.2 shows the appearance of the plants cell which is immersed in different

concentration of sucrose solution one after another.

DIAGRAM 6.2

Based on Diagram 6.2, describe what happen to the cell in each concentration of

sucrose solution. [10 marks]

Plant cell in 17% ofsucrose solutionfor 30 minutes

Plant cell in 0.1%of sucrose solutionfor 30 minutes

Plant cell in 30% ofsucrose solutionfor 30 minutes

Plant cell in 0.1%of sucrose solutionfor 30 minutes

Red blood cellsin 3% sodiumchloride solutionafter 30 minutes

Red blood cellsin 0.1% sodiumchloride solutionafter 30 minutes

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7. Diagram 7.1 shows a respiratory structure of an insect.

P

tracheol

body cell

DIAGRAM 7.1

(a) (i) Explain the gases exchange between tracheol and body cell. [4 marks]

(ii) Chitin is a polysaccharide on the outer surface of structure P. Due to the change

in the environment, the insect is unable to form the polysaccharide.

Explain how the absence of chitin affects inhalation and the energy production.

[6 marks]

(b) Diagram 7.2 shows the rate of oxygen intake before, during and after a vigorous

exercise of an athlete.

Time (min)

DIAGRAM 7.2

(i) Based on the graph, compare the respiration before and during the vigorous

exercise.

(ii) Explain how the oxygen intake by the athlete returns to the normal level at the

25th minute.

[10 marks]

Vigorous exercise

Oxygen intake(litre/minute)

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8. (a) Diagram 8.1 shows the daily menu of a pregnant woman.

Breakfast

A plate of fried rice

A can of carbonated drink

An apple

Lunch

A bowl of chicken rice complete with a

piece of roasted drumstick and a bowl

of chicken soup

A plate of fried prawn

A glass of sweetened fruit juice

Dinner

A plate of fried noodle

2 slices of cucumber

A cup of coffee

DIAGRAM 8.1

Does the menu provide a balanced diet for the pregnant woman?

Evaluate the nutrients content and the effects of consuming the foods. .

[10 marks]

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(b) Diagram 8.2 shows a schematic diagram of the photosynthesis process.

DIAGRAM 8.2

Based on Diagram 8.2,

(i) write the chemical equation of photosynthesis.

(ii) define photosynthesis.

[4 marks]

(c) Diagram 8.3 shows organisms in a pond ecosystem

DIAGRAM 8.3

Based on Diagram 8.3, describe how Hydrilla sp is able to obtain all the requirement

for photosynthesis.

[6 marks]

chlorophyll

CO2

H2O

C6H12O6

O2

Hydrilla sp Elodea sp

lotus

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9. (a)

Based on the statement, explain how the use of excessive inorganic fertilizers in a

long period of time reduces the population of aquatic organisms.

[10 marks]

(b) Diagram 9 shows a tree grown wildly in an agricultural area.

A farmer pla

Discuss the

Bird`s nest

Insects

Roots

entering the water system.

MOZ@C

The use of fertiliser increases the amount of phosphate and nitrate in the soil.

This enhances the growth of plants. There are two main types of fertilizers,

which are organic and inorganic fertilisers. Farmers are advised to use organic

fertilizers rather than the inorganic fertilizers. The organic fertilizers release the

nutrients gradually into the soil and this will reduce the amount of nutrients

SULIT

DIAGRAM 9

ns to cut down the tree to grow vegetables.

good and bad effects of this action on human and the ecosystem.

[10 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

Soil


SULIT Nama ...................................................... Tingkatan .................... 45514551BiologiOktober20082½ jam



________________________________________________________________


TINGKATAN EMPAT

BIOLOGIKertas 3

Satu jam tiga puluh minit


Untuk KegunaanPemeriksa

SoalanMarkahpenuh

Markah

1 33

2 17

JUMLAH

1.2. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di bawah.

MOZ@C

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES1. This question paper consists of two questions. Answer all the

questions.2. Write your answers for Question 1 in the spaces provided in

the question paper3. Write your answers for Question 2 on the lined pages at the

end of the question paper in detail. You may use equations,diagrams, tables, graph and other suitable methods to explainyour answer.

4. Show your working, it may help you to get marks.5. If you wish to cancel any answer, neatly cross out the answer.6. The diagrams in the questions are not drawn to scale unless

stated.7. Marks allocated for each question or part question are shown

in brackets8. The time suggested to complete Question 1 is 45 minutes

and Question 2 is 45 minutes9. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator10. Hand in this question paper at the end of the examination.

Marks awarded:Score Description

3 Excellent: The best response2 Satisfactory: An average response1 Week: An inaccurate response0 No response or wrong response

45

Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam Bahasa Inggeris.


51 [Lihat sebelah


SULIT 4551

4551 SULIT

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Answer all questions.

Question 1

Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical that bubbles when it reacts with a catalase enzyme.

Catalase enzyme is an antioxidant enzyme in living cells. Hydrogen peroxide is converted

into water and oxygen by the catalase enzyme

2H2O2 2H2O + O2

An experiment is carried out to investigate the effect of pH on catalase enzyme in potatoes.

Bubbling of gases is used to indicate that a reaction is occurring. The rate of reaction is

determined by measuring the volume of bubbles produced in a unit time. The experiment is

conducted as followed:

1. Three measuring cylinders, P, Q and R are filled with 3.0 cm3 of hydrogen peroxide.

2. 6.0 cm3 of 0.1% hydrochloric acid is added to P, 6.0 cm3 of distilled water is added to Q

and 6.0 cm3 of 0.1% sodium hydroxide is added to R.

3. pH paper is used to measure the pH value of each tube.

4. The potato is cut into three cubes, with the size of 1.0 cm3 each.

5. One potato cube is added into each measuring cylinder.

6. The volume of bubbles produced in each measuring cylinder is observed after

5 minutes and recorded.

7. The results are shown in Diagram 1.

25

20

15

10

5

PpH 2

25

20

15

10

5

QpH 7

DIAGRAM 1

25

20

15

10

5

RpH 10

3.0 cm3

hydrogenperoxide+6.0 cm3

0.1%hydrochloricacid+1.0 cm3

potato

3.0 cm3


distilledwater+1.0 cm3

potato

3.0 cm3


0.1%sodiumhydroxide+1.0 cm3

potato

Volumeofbubbles

=

Volumeofbubbles

=

Volumeofbubbles

=

cm3cm3 cm3

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(b) Record the volume of bubbles formed in each measuring cylinder after5 minutes in Diagram 1.

[3 marks]

(a) List all materials and apparatus used in this experiment.

Materials Apparatus

[3 marks]

ForExaminer’s

Use

(c) (i) State two observations made on Diagram 1.

Observation 1

………………………………………………………………………….…………

……………………………………………………………………………….……

Observation 2

………………………………………………………………………………….…

…………………………………………………………………………………….

[3 marks]

(ii) State the inference for each observation made in (b) (i).

Inference for observation 1

………………………………………………………………………………….…

…………………………………………………………………………………….

Inference for observation 2

………………………………………………………………………………….…

…………………………………………………………………………………….

[3 marks]

1(a)

1(b)

1(c)(i)

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(d) (i) Construct a table and record all the data collected in the experiment

based on the following criteria:

pH value Volume of bubbles formed Rate of reaction (cm3 minute-1)

[6 marks]

(ii) Explain the relationship between the test tube content and the volume of

bubbles formed in Q.

………………………………………………………………………………….…

………………………………………………………………………………….…

…………………………………………………………………………………….

[3 marks]

(e) (i) State the variables and explain how the variables are operated.

Variables How the variables are operated

Manipulated variable

……………………………

……………………………

………………………………………………

………………………………………………

Responding variable

……………………………

……………………………

………………………………………………

………………………………………………

Fixed variables

……………………………

……………………………

………………………………………………

………………………………………………

[3 marks]

1(d)(ii)

1(d)(i)

1(e)(i)

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(ii) State the hypothesis of the experiment.

………………………………………………………………………………….…

…………………………………………………………………………………….

[3 marks]

(f) State the relationship between volume of bubbles formed and time in a

medium of pH 7.

………………………………………………………………………………….…

………………………………………………………………………………….…

…………………………………………………………………………………….

[3 marks]

(g) Based on the experiment, what is enzyme?

...……………………………………………………………………………….…

………………………………………………………………………………….…

…………………………………………………………………………………….

[3 marks]

(h) The experiment is repeated by using 2 potato cubes sized 0.5 cm3 each.

Predict the observation in measuring cylinder R. Explain your answer.

………………………………………………………………………………….…

………………………………………………………………………………….…

…………………………………………………………………………………….

[3 marks]

1(f)

1(g)

1(e)(ii)

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Question 2

Acorbic acid, or vitamin C, is found in fruits and green vegetables. Ascorbic acid is a

reducing agent which decolourises the blue colour of DCPIP solution. The vitamin C in

solutions will deteriorate when exposed to oxygen.

Plan an experiment to determine the vitamin C content in orange, papaya and watermelon

juices.

Your experimental planning need to include the following aspects:

Statement of identified problem

Objective of study

Variables

Statement of hypothesis

List of materials and apparatus

Technique used

Experimental procedures

Presentation of data

Conclusion

[17 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

MOZ@C


F4 BIOLOGY DIAGNOSTIC 2008 MARKING SCHEME

MARKING SCHEME

1

SULIT 45514551BiologiOktober20081¼ jam



________________________________________________________________


TINGKATAN EMPAT

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN

BIOLOGIKertas 1, 2 dan 3

Peraturan pemarkahan ini men

UNTUK KEGUNAAN

MOZ@C

SMS MUZAFFAR
4551
gandungi 21 halaman bercetak.

PEMERIKSAN SAHAJA

SYAH , MELAKA


MARKING SCHEME 4551

2

PAPER 1

No Answer No Answer No Answer No Answer No Answer1 D 11 A 21 B 31 D 41 D2 D 12 A 22 C 32 B 42 C3 A 13 C 23 D 33 D 43 B4 D 14 B 24 D 34 B 44 B5 D 15 B 25 C 35 C 45 A6 C 16 D 26 C 36 C 46 C7 D 17 A 27 B 37 B 47 D8 A 18 C 28 C 38 D 48 C9 D 19 A 29 D 39 B 49 C10 D 20 A 30 C 40 C 50 B

PAPER 2

Question 1

No Criteria Marks

(a) Able to name tissue K and tissue L.Answer: K: Upper epidermis (cells / tissue) L: Palisade mesophyll (cells / tissue)

11 2

(b) Able to state the function of cells K and M in a leaf.Sample answer: K: Protect the inner tissues. // Allows light to penetrate. M: Controls the size of stoma / transpiration / gaseous exchange

// Allows gaseous exchange through the stoma.

11

2

(c) (i) Able to explain the differentiation of cells J to form the xylem tissue.Sample answer: Cells J join end to end, / the wall of cells J at the joints dissolved, to form a hollow tube / continuous tube (from root to leaves). The wall of xylem vessel is thickened by lignin. (Any 2)

111 2

(ii) Able to explain the effect on the function of the leaf when the plantunable to synthesise lignin during the formation of the xylem tissue.Sample answer: Xylem cannot be strengthened / cannot uphold leaf. Less sunlight received / absorbed. Slow down the rate of photosynthesis / less glucose produced

Or (Any 2)

Xylem vessels collapsed. Less water supplied to leaves. Slow down the rate of photosynthesis / less glucose produced

(Any 2)

111

111 2

(d) Able to state the meaning of cell specialisation.Sample answer: Cells grow, change shape / differentiate. To carry out / perform specific function.

11 2

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MARKING SCHEME 4551

3

(e) Able to explain the adaptation of palisade mesophyll tissue to enablethe leaf to carry out its function.Sample answer: Upright and closely packed. Contains large number of chloroplast. All cells receive maximum amount of sunlight.

// Absorb maximum amount of sunlight // energy.

111

3

TOTAL 13

Question 2

No Criteria Marks

(a) Able to name the parts labelled P and R.Answer : P: Golgi apparatus R: vesicle // lysosomes

11 2

(b) Able to state the function of mitochondrion.Sample answer : Site of (cellular) respiration // To produce ATP. 1 1

(c) Able to explain the role of nucleus in the synthesis of an enzyme.Sample answer : (Nucleus / DNA) carries genetic information (for protein synyhesis). Ribosome synthesis the protein.

11 2

(d) (i) Able to complete the schematic diagram to show the mechanism ofenzyme action.Sample answer : Suitable substances : Y Complete drawing

11 2

(ii) Able to name two characteristic of enzyme based on answer (d)(i).Sample Answer: The reaction of enzyme are highly specific // One enzyme only for

one substrate. Enzyme reactions are reversible. Enzymes are not destroyed in the reaction.

(Any 2)

1

11

2

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MARKING SCHEME 4551

4

(e) Able to explain the effect of temperature on the digestion in themouth.Sample Answer: Reaction of enzyme decreases. The active sites change. Enzymes could not bind with substrates. Digestion becomes slow.

(Any 3)

1111

3

TOTAL 12

Question 3

No Criteria Marks

(a) (i) Able to name the type of cell division.Answer: meiosis 1 1

(ii) Able to state an organ where meiosis takes place.Answer: Testis // Ovary 1 1

(b) State the number of chromosomes of cell X during phase P andphase U.Answer: P = 4; U = 2

11 2

(c) (i) Able to state the name of each phase of the cell division.Answer:

Phase Name of the phaseP Anaphase IQ Metaphase IR Telophase IS Anaphase IIT Prophase IU Telophase II

(6 correct=3m; 4-5 correct=2m; 2-3 correct=1m) 3 3

(ii) Able to state and explain the phase that brings about variation inorganism.Answer: Phase T Crossing-over occurs. Exchange of genetic material / segment of chromatid between

members of homologous chromosomes. Daughter cells have different gene combination. (Any 2)

111

1 3

(d) Able to explain the chromosomal behavior in stage P when Cell X istreated with a type of chemical that retards the function of centrioles.Sample answer: The centrioles form spindle fibers to separate chromosomes

(during anaphase). so the retarded centrioles will cause spindle fibres cannot be

formed. (As a result) the chromosomes do not line up at equator //

metaphase cannot occur. (Any 2)

1

1

12

TOTAL 12

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MARKING SCHEME 4551

5

Question 4

No Criteria Marks

(a) (i) Able to name organ Q.Answer: Stomach 1 1

(ii) Able to explain the process of food digestion in the stomach.Sample answer: The food digested in stomach is protein. Stomach secrete gastric juices contain pepsin. Pepsin hydrolyses protein to polypeptide.

111 3

(b) Able to state two effects if the gastric glands in the stomach areunable to produce hydrochloric acid.Sample answer: Bacteria in the food cannot be killed. Cannot provide acidic medium for enzyme reaction Pepsin inactive, so proteins are unable to be hydrolysed. Renin is inactive, so protein in milk cannot be coagulated

// caseinogen unable to be transform into insoluble casein.(Any 2)

1111

2

(c) Able to explain one difference between the foods that enters P(oesophagus) and R (ileum).Sample answer: The food in R has less content of starch / protein / lipid (than in P).

// The food in R has higher content of glucose / amino acid / fattyacid and glycerol (than in P). Starch is broken down / hydrolysed into maltose by amylase / into

glucose by maltase / sucrase / lactase.// Protein is broken down / hydrolysed into polypeptides / peptonesby pepsin / into peptides by trypsin / into amino acid by protease /erepsin. // Lipid is broken down / hydrolysed into fatty acids andglycerols by lipase.

1

1

2

(d) (i) Able to explain the absorption of proteins in the ileum.Sample answer: Amino acids are absorbed (by the villi). by facilitated diffusion into blood capillaries.

// The remaining amino acids is absorbed by active transport.

11

2

(ii) Able to explain the importance of food digestion which enablesnutrients to be absorbed by the villi.Sample answer: Complex food material is digested into simpler form. // Protein is

hydrolysed / broken down into amino acids // Other examples. Simpler molecules / amino acids / other examples are able to pass

through the plasma membrane of the villi.

1

12

TOTAL 12

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MARKING SCHEME 4551

6

Question 5

No Criteria Marks

(a) Able to name process X and compound Y.Answer: Process X : Decomposition / decaying Process Y : Nitrates

11 2

(b) (i) Able to Name the organic compound in plants.Answer: Amino acids / protein 1 1

(ii) Able to describe the functions of the amino acids / protein in plants.Sample answer: Growth / build new cells / tissue repairs in plants. Forms nucleic acid / chlorophyll / photosynthetic and respiration

enzyme / other examples.

11

2

(c) (i) Able to name the bacteria involved in the fixation of nitrogen innodules of a leguminous plant.Answer: Rhizobium sp. 1 1

(ii) Able to name and explain the relationship between Rhizobium sp.and the leguminous plant.Sample answer: Mutualism Relationship / interaction between two spesies of organism which

live closely together and give benefit to both.

11

2

(d) Able to relate the importance of nitrogen cycle in the growth ofrabbits.Sample answer: Provides nitrate / nitrogen (elements / compound) Absorb by the plant to synthesise protein. (When the rabbit eats the plant) the protein is transferred to the

rabbit to be used for producing plasma membrane / enzyme /hormones / growth / build new cells / tissue repairs.

111

3

TOTAL 11

Question 6

No Criteria Marks

(a) Able to state two differences between passive transport and activetransport.Answer:

Passive transport Active transport

Does not require energy Require energy

Occurs down theconcentration gradient

Occurs against theconcentration gradient

1

1 2

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MARKING SCHEME 4551

7

(b) Able to explain what happen to the red blood cell after beingimmersed in 3% of sodium chloride solution and 0.1% of sodiumchloride solution for half an hour.Sample answer:

Red blood cell in 3% of sodium chloride solution: 3% sodium chloride solution is a hypertonic solution compare to

the cell. Water diffuses out from the cell / red blood cell by osmosis. The cell becomes flaccid / shrunken. This is known as crenation.

Red blood cell in 0.1% of sodium chloride solution: 0.1% sodium chloride solution is a hypotonic solution compare to

the cell. Water diffuses into the cell/ red blood cell by osmosis. The cell becomes swollen and burst. This is known as haemolysis

1

111

1

111 8

(c) Able to describe what happen to the cell in each concentration ofsucrose solution.Sample answer:

Plant cell in 17% of sucrose solution for 30 minutes: The plant cell maintain its shape size 17% sucrose solution is isotonic to the concentration of the cell sap

in the plant cell The rates of movement of water molecule in and out of the cell sap

in the plant cell The size of the plant cell is maintained. (Any 3)

Plant cell in 0.1% of sucrose solution for 30 minutes: 0.1% sucrose solution is hypotonic to the concentration of cell sap

of the plant cell As a result, water molecules diffuse into the cell by osmosis The vacuoles will expand, causing a pressure to be exerted on the

cell wall The pressure causes the plant cell expands and become turgid.

(Any 3)

Plant cell in 30% of sucrose solution for 30 minutes: 30% sucrose solution is hypertonic to the concentration of cell sap

in the plant cell As a result, water molecules diffuse out of the plant cell by osmosis The vacuole becomes smaller, plasma membrane is pulled away

from the cell wall The plant cell is plasmolysed and becomes flaccid. (Any 3)

Plant cell in 0.1% of sucrose solution for 30 minutes: 0.1% sucrose solution is hypotonic to the concentration of cell sap As a result, water molecules diffuse in the plant cell by osmosis The cell undergoes deplasmolysis The cell return to its normal condition. (Any 3)

11

1

1

1

11

1

1

11

1

1111

Max10

TOTAL 20

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MARKING SCHEME 4551

8

Question 7

No Criteria Marks

(a) (i) Able to explain the exchange of gases between tracheole and bodycell.Sample answer: Partial pressure/concentration of oxygen in the tracheole is higher

than partial pressure/concentration of oxygen in body cell . Oxygen diffuse from tracheole to body cell Partial pressure/concentration of carbon dioxide in the body cell is

higher than partial pressure/concentration of carbon dioxide intracheole . Carbon dioxide diffuse from tracheole to body cell

1

1

1

1 4

(ii) Able to explain how the absent of chitin affect the process ofinhalation and energy production of the insect.Sample answer: The function of chitin is to prevent trachea from collapsing/sustain

the air pressure During inhalation high pressure air moves into the trachea. The absent of chitin will cause the trachea / P to collapse / burst /

rupture. Air with oxygen cannot reach tracheal. Body cell cannot get enough oxygen for cellular respiration The insect does not produce enough energy and respire

anaerobically. Less energy produced. (Any 6)

1

11

111

1 6

b (i) Able to compare and explain the respiration before and duringvigorous exercise.Sample answer:

Before (A) During (B) Explanation (E)1.

AerobicRespiration

AnaerobicRespiration

Before - oxygen intake islow/the same as oxygenrequired/enough oxygenis supplied to the cell

During – oxygen requiredis more than oxygenintake

2.

Themuscles arein normalcondition

The musclesare in the stateof oxygen debt

Before – oxygen issufficient

During – oxygen isinsufficient / oxygensupplied is less thanoxygen supplied.

3.

Energyproduced ismore/38ATP

Energyproduced isless / 2 ATP

Before – complete breakdown of glucose (producemore energy)

During – incomplete breakdown of glucose (produceless energy)

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MARKING SCHEME 4551

9

4.

No/lessaccumulation of lacticacid in themuscles

Highaccumulationof lactic acid inthe muscles

Before – complete breakdown of glucose producecarbon dioxide and water

During – Incompletebreakdown of glucoseproduce lactic acid

A + B = 1m

E=1m (Any one E)

Max = 8m 8

(b) (ii) Able to explain how the oxygen intake by the athlete returns to thenormal level at the 25th minute.Sample answer: Lactic acid has been removed from the muscles The lactic acid has been converted to energy/ convert to glucose

1

1 2

TOTAL 20

Question 8

No Criteria Marks

(a) Able to state that the daily menu for the pregnant woman does notprovide a balanced diet.

Able to evaluate the nutrients content and the effects of consumingthe foods in the menu correctly.Criteria: Food class / nutrients Effects

Sample answer:

Pregnant woman: Carbohydrate in fried rice / chicken rice / (fried) noodle Protein in chicken drumstick / fried prawn Vitamin C in apple / fruit juice / cucumber Lipids in fried prawn / fried rice Caffein in coffee Water in apple / fruit juice / chicken soup Excess sugar in carbonated drink / fruit juice with sugar Lack of / No calcium Lack of fibre (Any 5)

Effects of nutrients intake: Carbohydrate provides energy Protein for the foetus growth / repairing the damaged tissue Lipid provides energy Vitamin C for a good skin / preventing scurvy Caffein may increase the blood pressure Excess sugar may lead to diabetis / hyperglysaemia Lack of / no calcium will lead to osteoporosis / teeth problem Lack of fibre may lead to constipation / defecaetion problem Water for replacing the water loss during daily activities / any

suitable functions of water. (Any 4)

1

111111111

111111111

1

5

4

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MARKING SCHEME 4551

10

(b) (i) Able to write chemical equation of photosynthesis correctly.Answer:

6 H2O + 6CO2

Or equation is not balance.

1+1

1

1 2

(ii) Able to define photosynthesis.Sample answer: Photosynthesis is a process where a leaf / green plant absorbs

carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen in the presence of chlorophyll and

light.

1

1 2

(c) Able to describe how Hydrilla sp is able to obtain all the requirementfor photosynthesis.Sample answer:

F ENo stomata Enables easy diffusion of

photosynthetic gases.Many small green leaves Contain a lot of chloroplast /

chlorophyllMany fishes/ and aquaticorganism in the pond

Supply carbon dioxide throughrespiration

Penetration of sunlight Supply lightPenetration of sunlight Increase temperature in water

(Any 6) 6

TOTAL 20

Question 9

No Criteria Marks

(a) Able to explain how the use of inorganic fertilizer reduces thepopulation of aquatic organism.Criteria P: The effect of excessive inorganic fertilizer. Explanation of europhication.

Sample answers : Inorganic fertilisers / phosphates / nitrates from agricultural area

enter the river water. Excess inorganic fertilizer will encourage the high rate of growth of

algae / blue green bacteria. This causes an algal bloom The algae increase in number and form a thick scum on the

surface of river. Prevent the penetration of sunlight reaching the bottom of the

water.

1

1

11

1

Light

chlorophyll

C6H12O6 + 6O2

6 H20 + 6CO2 C6H12O6 + 6O2

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MARKING SCHEME 4551

11

Alga and other aquatic organism in the bottom of the water cannotdo photosynthesis The decomposition by aerobic bacteria of dead organic matter will

use up the dissolved oxygen This will raise the BOD level. Aquatic organism with low oxygen content will die. The river water will be polluted.

1

1

111 10

(b) Able to discuss the good and bad effects of this action on human andthe ecosystem.Sample answers :

Good effect: It can provide more space for another crop It can increase the economic use of the land It allow the crop to receives enough sunlight More product will be produces. It can reduces the possibility for the crop to be infected by insect /

pest. So the crop can growth much healthier. It can increase the consuming of water and nutrient The crop will get enough nutrient

(Any 7)Bad effect: No windbreaker / shelter /niche for bird/small animal No protection for the crop Soil erosion Roots of the plant will improve soil stability

(Any 3)

11111

111

1111

10

TOTAL 20

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MARKING SCHEME 4551

12

PAPER 3

Question 1

1 (a) [KB0602 - Classifying]

Score Criteria

3 Able to categorise all the materials and apparatus used in the experiment correctly.

Sample answer:Material Apparatus

Potato* Hydrogen peroxide* Hydrochloric acid Sodium hydroxide Distilled water pH paper

Knife Measuring cylinder* Stopwatch

2 Able to categorise any 4 materials and any 2 apparatus into correctly.(*compulsory)

1 Able to categorise 2 materials (*) and 1 apparatus (*) correctly.

1 (b) [KB0603 - Measuring Using Number]

Score Criteria

3 Able to record all the volume of bubbles formed in each measuring cylinderaccurately with correct unit.Answer:

P Q QVolume of bubbles= 0 cm3

Volume of bubbles= 11.5 cm3

Volume of bubbles= 0 cm3

2 Able to record two readings (which include Q) accurately with correct unit.

1 Able to record any one reading accurately with correct unit.

1 (c) (i) [KB0601 - Observation]

Score Criteria

3 Able to state any two observations correctly according to the criteria: pH value test tube bubbles produce

Sample answers:1. At pH 7 in test tube R, volume of bubbles produced in 5 minutes time is 11.5 cm3.2. At pH 2 in test tube P, volume of bubbles produced in 5 minutes time is 0 cm3.3. At pH 10 in test tubes Q, volume of bubbles produced in 5 minutes time is 0 cm3.

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MARKING SCHEME 4551

13

2 Able to state any one observation correctly.or

Able to state any two incomplete observations ( any 2 criteria)

Sample answers:1. pH affect the volume of bubbles formed.2. The volume of bubbles formed depends on pH.

1 Able to state any one idea of observation (any 1 criterion)

Sample answers:1. Bubbles formed in neutral pH.2. No bubbles in test tube P / Q.3. Rate of enzyme reaction is higher at pH 7.4. Bubbles are produced when potatoes react with hydrogen peroxide.

1 (c) (ii) [KB0604 - Making inferences]

Score Criteria

3 Able to make one logical inference for each observation based on the criteria: pH enzyme in potato react with H2O2 producing oxygen

Sample answers:1. Neutral medium is suitable for enzyme catalase in potato to react with hydrogen

peroxide and produce oxygen.2. Acidic / alkali medium is not suitable for enzyme catalase in potato to react and

no oxygen is produced.

2 Able to make one logical inference for any one observation.orAble to make one logical and incomplete inference base on 2 criteria for eachobservation.

Sample answers:1. pH of the medium affects enzyme catalase in potato to react with hydrogen

peroxide and produce oxygen.2. Acid / alkali medium is not suitable for enzyme reaction.3. Neutral medium is suitable for enzyme reaction.

1 Able to make an idea of inference with one criterion.

Sample answers:1. Reaction of enzyme is affected by pH.2. Gas produced when the medium is suitable for enzyme reaction.

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MARKING SCHEME 4551

14

1 (d) (i) [KB0606 - Communicating]

Score Criteria

3 Able to tabulate a table and fill in data accurately base on three criteria: pH value Volume of bubbles formed (cm3) Rate of reaction (cm3 minute-1)

Sample answers:pH value Volume of bubbles formed

(cm3)Rate of reaction(cm3 minute-1)

2 0 07 11.5 2.3

10 0 0

2 Able to tabulate a table base on two criteria.

1 Able to Able to tabulate a table base on one criterion.

1 (d) (ii) [KB0607 - Interpreting Data]

Score Criteria

3 Able to explain clearly and accurately the relationship between the test tubecontent and the volume of bubbles formed in Q, base on 3 criteria. Test tube content Volume of bubbles formed Explanation: Relationship between pH value / medium and the rate of reaction.

Sample answer:1. The content of test tube Q is hydrogen peroxide, distilled water and potato cube,

at pH 7 / neutral the rate of reaction is the highest / optimum pH for enzymereaction which produces highest volume of bubbles / 11.5 cm3.

2 Able to state / explain clearly but less accurate the relationship base on 2 criteria.

Sample answers:1. The content of test tube Q is hydrogen peroxide, distilled water and potato cube,

which produces highest volume of bubbles / 11.5 cm3.2. The content of test tube Q is hydrogen peroxide, distilled water and potato cube,

at pH 7 / neutral the rate of reaction is the highest / optimum pH for enzymereaction.

3. At pH 7 / neutral the rate of reaction is the highest / optimum pH for enzymereaction which produces highest volume of bubbles / 11.5 cm3.

1 Able to state the idea of the relationship base on 2 criterion

Sample answer:1. At pH 7 / neutral the rate of reaction is the highest / optimum pH for enzyme

reaction.2. Test tube with hydrogen peroxide, distilled water and potato cube, produced

bubbles.3. The volume of bubbles in pH 7 / neutral is 11.5 cm3.

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1 (e) (i) [KB061001 - Controling Variables]

Score Criteria

3 Able to state all the variables and the method to handle the variables correctly.

Sample answers:Variables Method to handle the variables

Manipulated variable:pH (value of mediums) //acidic, neutral andalkaline mediums

Three mediums of different pH are used //Hydrochloric acid, distilled water andsodium hydroxide solutions are used.

Responding variable:Volume of bubblesformed //The rate of reaction /(catalase) enzyme action

Observe / measure and record the volumeof bubble formed (in 5 minutes) by using ameasuring cylinder (and a stopwatch) //Calculate the rate of reaction by dividing thevolume of bubble formed with time in cm3

minute-1 / using formula (show the formula)Fixed variable:Volume / concentration ofsolutions / H2O2 / acid /alkali / distilled water /potato cube

Use 3.0 cm3 of H2O2 for all experiment //Use 6.0 cm3 of acid, alkali and distilledwater //Put 1 potato cube with size of 1.0 cm3 eachfor all experiment

2 Able to state 4 - 5 of the variables and the method to handle the variables correctly.

1 Able to state 1 - 3 of the variables and the method to handle the variables correctly.

1 (e) (ii) [KB0611 - Making Hypothesis]

Score Criteria

3 Able to state a hypothesis to show a relationship between the manipulatedvariable and responding variable and the hypothesis can be validated, base on 3criteria: Manipulated variable Responding variable Relationship

Sample answers:1. In neutral medium / pH 7 the reaction between the potato enzyme and H2O2

produces the highest volume of bubbles / the highest rate of reaction.2. In acidic / alkali medium / pH 2 / pH 10 the potato enzyme will not react with H2O2

producing no bubbles.

2 Able to state less accurate hypothesis to show a relationship between manipulatedvariable and responding variable base on 2 criteria.

Sample answers:1. The pH affects the reaction of potato enzyme with H2O2 producing bubbles.2. The bubbles produce by potato’s enzyme reaction depends on different pH.

1 Able to state idea of hypothesis to show a relationship between manipulatedvariable and responding variable base on 1 criterion.

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Sample answers:1. pH medium affect the reaction.2. Suitable pH causes the production of bubbles.

1 (f) [KB0608 - Space and Time Relationship]

Score Criteria

3 Able to state clearly and accurately the relationship between the volume of bubblesformed and the time in a medium of pH 7 base on criteria: Volume of bubbles formed Time Relationship

Sample answers:1. In a medium of pH 7, the volume of bubbles formed in 5 minutes is 11.5 cm3.

2 Able to state clearly but less accurate the relationship between the volume ofbubbles formed and the time in a medium of pH 7 base on 2 criteria.

Sample answers:1. In a medium of pH 7, the rate of reaction is 2.3 cm3 minute-1.

1 Able to state the idea of the relationship base on 2 criteria.

Sample answer:1. Bubbles are formed in 5 minutes.

1 (g) [KB0609 - Define Operationally]

Score Criteria

3 Able to state what an enzyme is base on experiment correctly according to thecriteria: Chemical / substance / molecule / enzyme in potato React with H2O2 which produce bubbles Affected by pH

Sample answer:1. Enzyme is a chemical in potato that able to react with H2O2 producing bubbles

and the reaction is affected by pH of the medium.2. Enzyme in potato react with H2O2 producing bubbles and affected by pH.

2 Able to state what an enzyme is base on experiment less accurately according to 2criteria.

Sample answers:1. Enzyme react with H2O2 producing bubbles.

1 Able to state the idea of an enzyme or the theoretical definition of enzyme.

Sample answers:1. Enzyme reacts with H2O2.2. Enzyme in potato reacts to produce bubbles.3. Enzyme is a biological catalyses that accelerate the reaction.

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MARKING SCHEME 4551

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1 (h) [KB0605 - Predicting]

Score Criteria

3 Able to predict and explain the observation accurately when 2 potato cubes 0.5 cm3

is used in measuring cylinder P. Expected observation Compare to which Reason

Sample answer:1. The volume of bubbles produce is 23 cm3 (any value between 11,5 - 23 cm3),

more than the experiment when using 1 potato cube (sized 1 cm3), because moreenzyme for the reaction / larger surface area of potato (in contact with H2O2).

2 Able to predict the result less accurately (2 criteria).

Sample answers:1. The volume of bubbles produce is 23 cm3 (any value between 11,5 - 23 cm3),

more than the experiment when using 1 potato cube (sized 1 cm3).2. The volume of bubbles produce is more than the experiment when using 1 potato

cube (sized 1 cm3), because more enzyme for the reaction / rate of reaction ishigher.

1 Able to give idea of the result.

Sample answers:1. The volume of bubbles produce is 23 cm3.2. The rate of reaction is higher.

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Question 2

Problem Statement

Score Criteria

3

Able to state the problem statement of the experiment correctly that include criteria:

Manipulate variables Responding variables Relation in question form and question symbol [?]

Sample answers:

1. Does orange juice contain higher amount / more vitamin C than papaya andwatermelon juices.

2. Which fruit juice has the highest amount of vitamin C?3. What is the amount of vitamin C in orange, papaya and watermelon juices?

2

Able to state the problem statement of the experiment with two criteria.

Sample answers:

1. Do different fruit juices have different amount of vitamin C?2. Does the content of vitamin C in fruit juices differ?

1

Able to state the of problem statement with one criteria.

Sample answers:

1. What is the amount of vitamin C in orange juice?

Aim

Score Criteria

To determine the concentration / percentage of vitamin C in orange, papaya andwatermelon juices.

Hypothesis

Score Criteria

3

Able to state the hypothesis correctly according to the criteria:

Manipulate variables Responding variables Relationship of the variables

Sample answers:

1. Orange juice has the highest concentration / percentage of vitamin C thanpapaya and watermelon juices.

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2

Able to state the hypothesis with two criteria

Sample answers:

1. The vitamin C content depends on types of fruit juice.2. Different fruit juices have different amount of vitamin C

1

Able to state the idea of the hypothesis.

Sample answers:

1. Fruit juices have vitamin C.

Variables

Score Criteria

Able to state the three variables correctly

Sample answers:Manipulated variable: Fruit juices // orange, papaya and watermelon juicesResponding variable: Concentration / percentage of vitamin CFixed variable: Volume DCPIP solution // Concentration of ascorbic acid.

Materials and Apparatus

Score Criteria

3

Able to state all functional materials and apparatus / 2*materials + 1 other materialand 1*apparatus + 2 other apparatus for the experiment.

Materials: *Orange, papaya and watermelon juices, 0.1% ascorbic acid solution,*DCPIP solution.

Apparatus: *Syringes with needles, beakers, test tubes / specimen tubes, gauze /muslin cloth.

2

Able to state 2*materials and 1*apparatus + 1 other apparatus for the experiment.

1

Able to state 2*material and 1*apparatus for the experiment.

Technique

Score Criteria

Bonus

1m

Able to state the action on responding variable with an apparatus / formula.

Sample answer:Calculating and recording the concentration / percentage of vitamin C in fruit juicesby using the following formula.

Concentration of Vitamin C = Volume of 0.1% ascorbic acid mg cm3

Volume of fruit juiceOr / Percentage of Vitamin C = Volume of 0.1% ascorbic acid x 0.1 %

Volume of fruit juice

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Procedure

Score Criteria

3

Able to state five procedures P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 correctly.P1 : How to Set Up The Apparatus (3P1)P2 : How to Keep Constant The Control Variable (2P2)P3 : How to Manipulate The Manipulated Variable (1P3)P4: How to Record The Responding Variable (1P4)P5 : Precaution (1P5)

2

Able to state three of any procedures P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 correctly

1

Able to state two of any procedures P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 correctly

Example of Procedure:

1. Measure (1 cm3) of DCPIP by using a syringe and place in a test tube.(1 cm3)

P1P2

2. Fill a 5 cm3 syringe with (0.1%) ascorbic acid.(0.1%)

P1P2

3. Place the needle of syringe into the DCPIP solution. P54. Add the acid ascorbic solution,

drop by drop into the DCPIP solution.P1P5

5. Stir the mixture gently with the needle of the syringe. P56. Add the acid ascorbic solution continuously until the DCPIP solution decolourise. P17. Record the volume of acid ascorbic used. P48. Repeat steps 1 to 7 by using orange juice, papaya juice and watermelon juice. P39. Record the results in a table. P4

Data

Score Criteria

Bonus

1m

Able to tabulate the correct table with observations.

Sample answers:Solution / Fruit juice Volume of solution / fruit

juice needed to decolourise1 cm3 DCPIP solution (cm3)

Concentration / Percentageof vitamin C in fruit juice

(mg cm3) / %0.1% ascorbic acid

Orange juicePapaya juice

Watermelon Juice

Conclusion

Score Criteria

Able to rewrite the hypothesis correctly.

Sample answers:

Orange juice has the highest concentration / percentage of vitamin C than papayaand watermelon juices. (Hypothesis is accepted).

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MARKING SCHEME 4551

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Planning the Experiment

Score Criteria

3 Able to plan the experiment based on 7 – 9 ( ) of the following criteria: Statement of identified problem Objective of study Variables Statement of hypothesis List of materials and apparatus Technique used Experimental procedures Presentation of data Conclusion

2 Able to plan the experiment based on 4 – 6 ( ) of the criteria.

1 Able to plan the experiment based on 1 – 3 ( ) of the criteria.

END OF MARKING SCHEME

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biologi f4 sbp akhir tahun 2008

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