Siti Kamariah Md Saat, Yong Ean Mong, Wan Muhammad Aliff Wan Mohd Azmin, Mohd Izwan Syafiq Roslan, Ng Poh Hong, Khairul Azwan Abd Halim, Hafizul Amin Aris, Siti Noraishah Ahmad, Nur-

hidayah Nik Azmi, Syifa’ Syahida Alias, Siti Fatimah Hashim, Santhiya Peremel, Nurul Hani Md Zubir, Nur Azura Azlan, Norizan Ibrahim, Erma Masilla Kotiu

SCHOOL OF BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS

INTRODUCTION

With industrial development growing rapidly, there

is need for environmentally sustainable energy sources.

Ethanol from biomass, bioethanol is an attractive and

sustainable energy fuel sources for transportation. Fuel

bioethanol can contribute to cleaner environment,

demand for this fuel is increasing. Efficient ethanol

production is based on optimized processes where uti-

lization of cheap substrates is highly demanding. Utili-

zation of different lignocellulosic materials can be con-

sidered for production of bioethanol. The pro-

duction of bioethanol from waste biomass produced by

agricultural industries (Mishima et al, 2008). In-

stead of terrestrial plants, aquatic plants are the next

promising renewable energy sources due to easily

availability and fast growing in the tropical water

bodies.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

REFERENCES

Kesaano, K, (2011). Sustainable management of duckweed biomass grown for nutrient control

in municipal wastewaters. All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. Paper 879

Mishima, D., Kuniki, M., & et als, (2008). Ethanol production from candidate energy crops: Water

hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotez L.). Biosource Technology.

Ganguly, A. Chatterjee, P.K., Dey, A. (2012). Studied on ethanol production from water hyacinth-

A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.

CONTACT INFORMATION:

SCHOOL OF BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS

04-9798751 (T), 04-9798755 (F)

Preparation of raw material

i) Collection of water hyacinth, water lettuce and duckweed from

river

ii) Wash with water to remove soil and adhering dirt

iii) Cut the stems/ leaves into pieces

iv) Drying of the plant under sunlight and oven for 24 hours at 60oC

Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Pretreatment

Fermentation

Distillation

Collecting ethanol

Cellulose Hemi

Cellulose

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

From the experiment that had been carried out, the percentage yield of bio-

ethanol from the fermentation for water hyacinth, duckweed and water lettuce

are 17.39%, 15.22%, and 17.82% respectively. Alkaline pre-treatment is in-

volved to remove lignin and a part of hemicelluloses to increase the accessibil-

ity of enzyme to the cellulose.

Water hyacinth, duckweed and water lettuce has potential to act as new mate-rial sources of bio-fuel production because these plants do not compete with food crops for land diversification. Besides, they also grow well in water bodies even with the low nutrient regime and can be easily mechanically harvested. Therefore, it can be used for the bio-ethanol production to overcome the shortage of fossil fuel in the future.

CONCLUSION

Water hyacinth, water lettuce and duckweed has a great potential for the

development of an environmentally friendly, economically viable ethanol

production.For instance, it can be converted into a marketable product, then it

might be economically advantageous.