bio 2010 kedah

Upload: lim-zjian

Post on 02-Jun-2018

236 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    1/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    2/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    3/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    4/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    5/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    6/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    7/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    8/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    9/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    10/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    11/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    12/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    13/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    14/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    15/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    16/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    17/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    18/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    19/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    20/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    21/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    22/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    23/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    24/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    25/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    26/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    27/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    28/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    29/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    30/47

    RESTRICTED

    PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN STPM 2010

    Anjuran

    PERSIDANGAN KEBANGSAAN PENGETUA-PENGETUA

    SEKOLAH MENENGAH MALAYSIA (PKPSM) KEDAH

    MARKING SCHEME

    BIOLOGY (964)

    PAPER 2

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    31/47

    RESTRICTED

    Answer

    Paper 2 Section A

    1 (a) A: Golgi apparatus/Golgi body - 1

    D: rough endoplasmic reticulum/rough ER - 1

    E : mitochondrion - 1

    (b) (i) Fluid mosaic model//Singers model//Singer and Nicholson model - 1

    (ii) Phospholipid (bilayer) - 1

    (c) 1 Regulates the fluidity of the plasma membrane - 1

    2 Regulates the movement of phospholipid in different temperature//

    Helps to stabilise the membrane structure - 1

    3 Regulates the movement of hydrophobic molecules or/ polar molecules

    across the plasma membrane - 1

    Max 2m

    (d) (i) Centrioles/Centriole - 1

    (ii) 1 Organise the formation of spindle fibres during cell division - 1

    2 To produce basal bodies in which the flagella and cilli develop - 1

    Total 10 marks

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    32/47

    RESTRICTED

    2 (a) (i) glycolysis - 1

    (ii) Stage A : cytoplasm/cytosol - 1

    Stage B : matrix of mitochondrion/mitochondrial matrix - 1

    Stage C : inner membrane of mitochondrion/

    mitochondrial inner membrane - 1

    (b) oxaloacetate - 1

    4C - 1

    (c) (i) Electron transport chain/ETC/Electron transport system/Stage C - 1

    (ii) Oxygen acts as the last/final acceptor of hydrogen atom in electrontransport chain - 1

    (d) Stage A : 4 molecules of ATP - 1

    Stage B : 2 molecules of ATP - 1

    Total 10 marks

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    33/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    34/47

    RESTRICTED

    4 (a) (i) 1 the entire process by which holozoic obtain their energy and

    nutrient - 1

    2 through feeding on complex, solid organic food material - 1

    (ii) 1 Earthworm/ centipedes/ millipedes/ woodlice - 1

    2 Detritivores specialise in feeding on decaying organic matter and

    digesting it internally - 1

    (b) Columnar epithelium - 1

    (c) (i) Z : goblet cell - 1

    X: mucus - 1

    A: microvilli - 1

    (ii) 1 Mucus /X acts as a lubricant (facilitate the movement of food

    along the alimentary canal)//

    Mucus /X forms a protective lining, (protecting the cells of

    alimentary canal e.g. stomach cells against digestion by

    protease and acid) - 1

    2 Microvilli/ A increase the surface area for absorption

    of nutrients. - 1

    Total 10 marks

    Answer

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    35/47

    RESTRICTED

    Paper 2 Section B

    5 1. - HIV binds to a receptor at the surface of helper T cells//CD4

    lymphocytes 1

    2. - lipoprotein membrane of HIV fuses with lipoproteinmembrane of helper T cells 1

    3. - viral RNA and reverse transcriptase enzyme enters the helper

    T cells//once inside the host cell, the viral enzyme uses the

    RNA as a template 1

    4. - DNA produced then inserted into a host

    chromosome//incorporates with the DNA of the host cells 1

    5. - transcription process yields copies of viral RNA 1

    6. - some transcripts are translated into viral proteins 1

    7. - others get enclosed as hereditary material in the proteins when

    new virus particles are put together 1

    8. - the particles bud off from the hosts cells plasma

    membrane//exocytosis and are released to start a new round of

    infection 1

    9. - with each round, more macrophages, antigen-presenting cell,

    and helper T-cells are killed 1

    10. - the host immune system produces antibodies in response to

    HIV antigenic proteins 1

    11. - helper T and cytotoxic T cells also are produced 1

    12. - gradually, the immune system destroys about half of these

    virus cells and replaces half of the helper T cells lost in the

    battle 1

    13. - huge reservoir of HIV and masses of infected T cells

    accumulate in lymph nodes 1

    14. - as the battle proceeds, the number of virus particles in the

    general circulation rises 1

    15. - the body produces fewer and fewer helper T cells to replace

    the ones it lost 1

    16. - by time, the erosion of helper T cell count cause to lose its

    capacity to mount effective immune responses//eventually the

    immune system collapses 1

    Max 15 marks

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    36/47

    RESTRICTED

    6 (a) Functions of placenta :

    1. - allows exchange of substances or materials between the

    foetus and the mother 1

    2. - nourish the development of foetus by transferring essential

    materials from mothers blood 1

    3. - excretes metabolic waste from the foetal blood 1

    4. - transfers certain maternal antibodies to provide the foetus

    with passive natural immunity 1

    5. - acts as barrier for the foetus against certain pathogen and

    their toxins except the HIV virus 1

    6. - shields the foetus from harmful substances of the mothers

    blood 1

    7. - permits the maternal and foetal blood systems to function

    at different pressures 1

    8. - produces hormones to prevent mothers ovulation and

    menstruation 1

    Max : 6 marks

    Functions of the amnion :

    9. - secretes amniotic fluid to fill the amniotic cavity that acts

    as a water cushion to help maintain the suitable

    temperature for the foetus 1

    10. - encloses the amniotic fluid to protect the foetus from

    mechanical shock 1

    11. - expands as the embryo increases in size, allows space for

    foetal growth 1

    12. - protects against fluid loss from the foetus due to

    dehydration and against tissue adhesion 1

    13. - amnion is suspended and allows the movement of foetus

    without hindrance 1

    Max : 4 marks

    (10 marks)

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    37/47

    RESTRICTED

    (b) 1. - pathogens and their toxins can reach the still developing

    foetus 1

    2. - drugs taken by mother can reach the foetus causing damage

    to the unborn child 1

    3. - hormones present in the maternal blood can adversely

    affect the development of foetus 1

    4. - drugs like nicotine and alcohol may lead to mental and

    physical retardation in the baby 1

    5. - maternal circulation has a blood pressure that is too high

    for the foetus to handle 1

    6. - since the foetus carries paternal genes, it will produces

    foreign antigens to mother if their blood group is

    incompatible 1

    7. - if incompatible blood types mix, they will clot 1

    8. - this leads to blockage of vital organs, possibly resulting in

    death 1

    9. - if the maternal antibodies leak to the foetus, it will lead to a

    breakdown in the foetal antigens that should be a source of

    protection to the foetus 1

    Max: 5 marks

    Total : 15 marks

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    38/47

    RESTRICTED

    7 (a) Difficulties and problems encountered when measuring growth:

    1. - method//parameter : length//height 1*

    2. - does not take into account growth in other directions,which may be considerable 1

    3. - does not consider allometric growth// different growth rates

    of body parts 1

    4. - method//parameter : volume 1*

    5. - difficult to measure if the organism is irregular shape

    (dependent on p4) 1

    6. - method//parameter : fresh mass 1*

    7. - does not measure true growth//provide inconsistent reading

    due to fluctuations in water content (dependent on p6) 1

    8. - method//parameter : dry mass 1*

    9. - organism will be killed during drying, 1

    10. - thus the method cannot be used to monitor growth of an

    organism over a period of time 1

    11. - the sample must be large enough to obtain representativereflection of growth 1

    12. - therefore many organisms must be killed 1

    13. - fat accumulation//increase in fat content is not considered

    as growth because it is reversible 1

    14. - problem of irregular growth due to fluctuations in diet or

    environment 1

    Max : 8 marks(4* + 4)

    depende

    on p1

    - any 1

    dependon p8

    - any 1

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    39/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    40/47

    RESTRICTED

    part III

    8. - decrease in dry mass before the death of the plant. 1

    9. - negative growth due to senescence, fall of leaves and

    dispersal of seeds 1

    10. - due to senescence, the rate of cell death is greater than that

    of cell division 1

    Max: 7 marks

    Total: 15 marks

    any 2

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    41/47

    RESTRICTED

    8 (a) 1. - chromosonal mutation is a random, spontaneous changes 1

    2. - involving changes to the structure of the chromosome 1

    3. - or number of chromosome 1

    (b) 4. - Translocation 1

    5. - is the movement of a portion of a chromosomes to another

    portion of chromosome or the genome 1

    6. - Internal translocation is the transfer that occurred within the

    same chromosome 1

    7. - Cross translocation is the transfer between the two non-homologous chromosomes 1

    8. - Alternating /reciprocal cross translocation involves the

    transfer of interchangeable portion between the two non

    homologous chromosomes 1

    9. - Duplication : 1

    10.- occurs when one or several chromosome segment undergoes

    replication so that a set of gene is repeated 1

    11.- also occurs when a chromosomes received a segment from

    its homologue 1

    12.- Deletion 1

    13.- is the lost of chromosomes segment either from the end or

    internally 1

    14.- Inversion 1

    15.- occurs when a chromosome segment breaks and the segmentbreaks and the segment is reinserted in the opposite

    orientation will respect to the rest of the chromosome. 1

    Max: 12 marks

    Total: 15 marks

    dependent

    on p4

    dependenton p9

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    42/47

    RESTRICTED

    9 (a) 1. - Genetic screening is prenatal diagnostic procedure usually

    undertaken by woman whose pregnancies are considered

    high-risk 1

    2. - High-risk pregnancies are those in which the mothers areover 35 years old or when the expectant parents are carriers

    of genetic disorders 1

    3. - May also refer to identification of carriers of defective

    genes 1

    4. - Two commonlyused procedures are amniocentesis and

    chorionic villus sampling 1

    Max : 3 marks

    (b) (i) amniocentesis

    1. - Is usually done in the fourth month of pregnancies 1

    2. - A sterile hypodemic needle is inserted through the

    abdominal wall and into the uterus of the pregnant

    woman 1

    3. - During the procedure, the position of the needle and

    foetus is monitored by ultra-sound 1

    4. - A small sample of amniotic fluid is removed 1

    5. - The amniotic fluid contains living cells derived from

    the foetus 1

    6. - The cells are cultured and then analysed for

    chromosomal abnormalities, metabolic disorders, as

    well as to determine the sex of the foetus 1

    (ii) chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

    7. - This procedure can be done much earlier (by the 8th

    week) in pregnancy 1

    8. - Produces results faster compared to amniocentesis 1

    9. - Cells from the chorion (the foetal part of placenta) are

    removed 1

    10. - Chorionic villi cells are actively dividing, so karyotype

    analysis can be performed without having to grow the

    cell in tissue culture first 1

    Max : 9 marks

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    43/47

    RESTRICTED

    (c) 1. - Both amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling are not

    100% accurate 1

    2. - Many disorders cannot be diagnosed 1

    3. - Procedure may harm foetus 1

    4. - Since the conditions that are detected are incurable, it

    leaves the expectant parents with the difficult choice of

    terminating the pregnancy 1

    5. - Or the prospect of ensuring lifelong care for the

    child//parents have difficult choice when faced with the

    prospect of having a child with an incurable genetic disease 1

    Max : 3 marks

    Total: 15 marks

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    44/47

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    45/47

    RESTRICTED

    (b) Bryophytes are adapted to live on the land although they are

    mainly found in damp and shady areas , they are being able to

    survive periods of dryness in the following ways:

    1. - Depend on water to obtain mineral salts close to the surfaceof the soil which assisted by the rhizoids(thin filaments

    growing from the stem) 1

    2. - Water as a medium of transport of the sperm to the

    archegonia during fertilization 1

    3. - The gametophyte thallus has a large surface area to absorb

    water and salts 1

    4. - They are able to absorb water and salts through the whole

    surface of the plant, including the rhizoids 1

    5. - The presence of rhizoids serves as anchorage to the

    substratum 1

    6. - Has no cuticle to prevent water lost 1

    7. - The gametes develop in protective structures such as

    antheridia and the archegonia 1

    8. - Lack of strengthening and supporting tissues, they are

    confined to an upward growth pattern to increase the

    surface area for exposure to a water absorption. 1

    Max : 7 marks

    Total : 15 marks

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    46/47

    PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN STPM 2010

    Anjuran

    PERSIDANGAN KEBANGSAAN PENGETUA-PENGETUA

    SEKOLAH MENENGAH MALAYSIA (PKPSM) KEDAH

    MARKING SCHEME

    BIOLOGY (964)

    PAPER 1

    http://edu.joshuatly.com/http://www.joshuatly.com

  • 8/11/2019 Bio 2010 Kedah

    47/47

    Answer

    Paper 1

    1 A 26 B

    2 D 27 D

    3 D 28 B

    4 C 29 C

    5 C 30 B

    6 C 31 B

    7 B 32 A

    8 A 33 B

    9 C 34 C

    10 D 35 B

    11 A 36 A

    12 C 37 C

    13 C 38 C

    14 D 39 B

    15 A 40 B

    16 D 41 A

    17 D 42 D

    18 A 43 D

    19 C 44 B

    20 C 45 A

    21 A 46 C

    22 C 47 D

    23 C 48 B