bio 123 dgn skema ppdmt 09

LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

PPD MELAKA TENGAHSULIT 4551/1

SULIT 4551/14551/1BiologyPaper 1October 20091 ¼ jam

PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH MELAKA TENGAH

PROGRAM LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

BIOLOGY

Paper 1

Satu jam lima belas miniit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

1. Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 50 soalan

2. Jawab semua soalan

3. Jawab dengan menghitamkan ruangan yang betul pada kertas jawapan

4. Hitamkan satu ruangan sahaja bagi setiap soalan

5. Rajah tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan

6. Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogramkan

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 20 halaman bercetak

4551/1 LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

PPD MELAKA TENGAH

2

1 Diagram 1 shows a type of muscle tissue found in the human body. Where is thetissue found?

Diagram 1

A Heart C BicepsB Pancreas D Small intestine

2 The plasma membrane consists of molecules arranged in a double layer asshown in Diagram 2

Diagram 2

The part labelled I and II areA hydrophobic and hydrophilic respectivelyB hydrophilic and hydrophobic respectivelyC both hydrophobicD both hydrophilic

3. Diagram 3 shows the net flow of water molecules from a dilute solutionto a concentrated solution through a semi-permeable membrane.

Diagram 3

What is this process called?A OsmosisB Active transportC Simple diffusionD Facilitated diffusion


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

3

4 Diagram 4 is a graph which shows the changes in mass of potato strips immersed indifferent concentrations of sucrose solution.

Diagram 4

Based on the graph, which of the following concentrations of sucrose solution shouldbe used so that a flaccid potato strip regains its turgidity?A 1.5 g per 100 mlB 2.5 g per 100 mlC 3.5 g per 100 mlD 4.5 g per 100 ml

5. Lipid is needed to build substance X while cellulose is needed to build substance Y.What are substances X and Y?

Substance X Substance Y

A Protoplasm Cell wall

B Plasma membrane Cell wall

C Cell wall Protoplasm

D Cell wall Plasma membrane

6 . Haemoglobin is an example of aA. primary structure of proteinB. secondary structure of proteinC. tertiary structure of proteinD. quarternary structure of protein


PPD MELAKA T

4

7 Which of the following graph shows the effect of pH on the metabolic rate of theenzyme pepsin?

8 Diagram 5 shows the phases in a cell cycle.

X phase

Rate ofreaction Rate of

reaction

Rate ofreaction Rate of

reaction

X phase

Y

ENGAH

Diagram 5

phase


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

5

Which of the following represents V ?

A mitosis C stage SB cytokinesis D stage G1

9 Diagram 6 shows a phase in mitosis of a plant cell.

Diagram 6

Which of the following is true about the cell in Diagram 6 ?

Stage of mitosis Number of chromosomes in themother cell

A Anaphase 4B Telophase 4C Anaphase 8D Telophase 8

10. Crossing over is an important process in meiosis. It results in variations in the daughtercells. At which stage of meiosis does crossing over take place?

A Prophase IB Prophase IIC Metaphase IID Anaphase I

11 Lack of vitamin D in the diet will cause the disease

A scurvy.B beri-beri.C rickets.D pellagra.


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

6

12 Diagram 7 shows the molecular structure of three food classes

Diagram 7

Which food classes do X, Y and Z belong to ?

X Y ZA CarbohydrateB ProteinC ProteinD Lipid

ProteinLipid

CarbohydrateCarbohydrate

LipidCarbohydrate

LipidProtein

13 Diagram 8 shows part of the human alimentary canal.

Diagram 8

A person who has structure P removed must regulate his dietary intake of

A. fats C proteinB. carbohydrate D. water

14 In the absence of oxygen the skeletal muscles contract using energy from thebreakdown of glucose and glycogen toA ethanol and waterB energy and waterC ethanol and lactic acidD lactic acid and energy


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

7

15 Which of the following is not involved in the transportation of carbon dioxide by theblood.A Carbonic acidB CarbaminohaemoglobinC Hydrogen carbonate ionD Carbon monoxide

16 Table shows the biomass of a few types of organisms in a community.

Organism Total Biomass of all theorganisms at eachtrophic level(kg)

P 1200Q 30R 150S 670T 100U 2700

Which of the following is a possible food chain in this community?

A P → U → S → T C P → S → T → QB Q → R → S → P D U → S → P → Q

17 Which of the following organisms is a parasite ?

A C

B D


PPD ME

8

18 Diagram 9 is a graph which shows changes in the population of two species ofbeetles, T and U, over a period of time. Both species feed on the same food source.

W

AB

19 Dm

WAC

20

P

T U

LAKA TENGAH

D

hat is the interrelatio

SymbiosisPredation

iagram 10 shows a crain tissues.

hat is Y ?PhloemCortex

Diagram 11 shows

opulation

iagram 9

nship between species T and U?

C ParasitismD Competition

oss section of a young dicotyledon root consisting of a few

Diagram 10

B XylemD Cambium

some human bones .

Diagram 11


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

9

Which bones are part of the axial skeleton ?A P and SB Q and RC P , Q and RD Q , R and S

21 Diagram 12 below shows a motor neuron.

Diagram 12

Which one of the following A, B, C or D in the table below names the labelled partscorrectly?

1 2ABCD

Cell bodyAxonDendriteSynapse

AxonDendriteMyelin sheathDendrite

22 Diagram 13 shows a plant with soft stem .

Which of the following support structures helps the plant climb to obtain sunlight ?

Diagram 13

A Clasping roots B Twining stemsC Tendrils D Thorns.


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10

23 Diagram 14 shows a nerve pathway involved in a reflex action. Which structure is theefferent neurone?

Diagram 14

24 Some cucumber slices are immersed in 0.1% sucrose solution. After 3 hours, theslices are found to be turgid and hard.Which of the following statements explains this phenomenon?

A The cucumber cell wall prevents it from shrinkingB The cell sap is hypotonic towards the sucrose solutionC The high concentration of the cell sap in the vacuole causes water to

diffuse into the cellD The cucumber cell wall allows the sucrose molecules to diffuse into the

cell

25 Diagram 15 shows the four-chambered stomach of a ruminant.

Which of the following

A. S- Rumen, mutualB. V- Reticulum, the p

mouth for chewC. U- Omasum, the reD. T- Duodenum, the

Diagram 15

is not a correct match about each chamber and its function?

istic bacteria digest cellulose.artially digested food is formed into balls and regurgitated into theinggurgitated food in the mouth is passed into the omasumdigested products are absorbed.


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11

26 What substances are dissolved in the fuid which passes along the ureter to thebladder of a healthy person?

Glucose Protein Salts UreaA. Absent Absent Absent PresentB. Absent Absent Present PresentC. Present Absent Present PresentD. Present Present Absent Absent

27 Diagram 16 shows the female reproductive system. In which parts are the eggs andthe zygote formed?

Diagram 16

Eggs Zygote

A

B

C

D

1

1

2

2

2

3

1

3

28 Diagram 17 shows sex determination in human.

Ovary cell Testis cell

1

2

Diagram 17

P

R

GametesQ


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

12

If a couple have a son, what is the cell composition in P, Q and R?

P Q RA 44 + X 44 + Y 44 + XYB 22 + Y 22 + X 44 + XYC 22 + X 22 + X 44 + XXD 22 + X 22 + Y 44 + XY

29 Which of these genetically inherited disease is dangerous and can cause deathat a young age?

A. AlbinoB. HaemophiliaC. Short-sightednessD. Down syndrome

30 Table 1 shows a Punnet square which represents the gametes and progenyfrom a dihybrid cross. Alphabets a to p represent the daughter cells from thiscross.

male gamete

female gamete

HK Hk hK hk

HK a b c dHk e f g hhK I j k lhk m n o p

Table 1

Which of the following daughter cells have the same genotype as the parent ?

A a, f, k, p C d, g, j, mB b, c, e, I D e, f, h, l

31 Diagram 18 shows the development of a pollen tube and its entry into the ovule.Which part develops into the testa after fertilisation?

Diagram 18


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13

32 Contraceptive pills contain a combination ofA. estrogen and luteinising hormone.B. progesterone and prolactinC. estrogen and follicle stimulating hormoneD. progesterone and estrogen.

33. Which of the following shows the differences between mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis MeiosisI Involves one stage of cell division Involves two stages of cell division

II Produces two diploid daughter cells Produces four haploid daughtercells

III Synapsis and crossing over takesplace between homologouschromosomes

Synapsis and crossing over doesnot take place

IV Chromosomes are not in pairs Homologous chromosomes are inpairs at prophase I

A I and II onlyB I and III onlyC I, II and IV onlyD I, II, III and IV

34 Diagram 19 is a graph which represents a type of variation found in students.

Diagram 19This variation may be

I height II weightIII type of ear lobe IV dimpleA I and II only C III and IV onlyB I and III only D I, II, III and IV

Variation

Number ofindividuals


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14

35 Which of the following is not a cause of variation?

A. Radiation B. Gene mutationC. Asexual reproduction D. Meiosis

36 Diagram 20 shows the structure of a villus in the ileum

Diagram 20

Which vessels P, Q, R, and S carry the largest amounts of glucose, amino acids, lipiddroplets or fat-soluble vitamins?

Glucose Aminoacids

Lipiddroplets

Fat solublevitamins

A P Q R S

B Q P R S

C R R S S

D S S R R

37 Diagram 21 shows a plastic quadrat used to determine the percentage coverage ofbread mould on a piece of bread. The shaded area shows the presence of mould.

Diagram 21

Based on the result obtained in Diagram 21, calculate the percentage coverage ofthe bread mould , taking the area of each small square to be 1 cm²

A 32 % C 56%B 40% D 80%


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15

38 Diagram 22 below shows equipment that can cause the thinning of the ozone layer.

Diagram 22

How can this problem be solved?

I Stop using chlorofluorocarbonII Replace CFCs with HCFCsIII Patching holes in the ozone layerIV Produce less electrical goods

A I and IIB II and IVC I, II and IIID I, II, III and IV

39 The following statement is about eutrophication.

What is the correct sequence of the eutrophication process ?

A O, L, M and N C L, M, O and NB L, N, M and O D O, M, L and N

L : Excess fertilisers from agriculture lands flow into lakesM : Bacteria grow rapidlyN : Algae grow rapidly and covers the surface of the lakeO : The value of BOD increase


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

16

40. An experiment was carried out to investigate the rate of water loss from a plant in aday.The wind and relative humidity factors were kept constant. Diagram 23 is a graphwhich shows the result obtained from 0600 to 1300 hours .Which of the curves A,B,Cor D is expected to show the rate of water loss in the plant after 1300 hours ?

Diagram 23

41 Diagram 24 shows a human arm .

Diagram 24

If tendon X was torn off,what happens to the arm ?A The elbow joint loosens upB The fingers cannot gripC The arm connot be bentD The lower arm cannot twist.


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

17

42 Diagram 25 is a graph which shows the changes in the glucose concentration in theblood of a person over a period of two hours.

Diagram 25

Which of the following best explains the shape of the graph after X?A. The person has eaten a meal that is high in sugar .B. The person has had an insulin injection.C. The person is suffering from diabetes mellitus.D. The person starts some vigorous physical exercise.

43 Which characteristics of the glomerulus enhances the efficiency of ultrafiltration ?I. The diameter of the afferent arteriole is larger than that of the efferent arteriole.II. The afferent arteriole divides further into a dense network of capillaries.

III. The high hydrostatic pressure of the blood entering the glomerulus.IV. The Bowman’s capsule is made up of only two layers of cells.

A. I, II and III onlyB. I, II and IV onlyC. II, III and IV onlyD. I, II, III and IV

44 A woman’s menstrual period started on 23rd March. In which week was an egg mostlikely to have been released?

Week MarchSun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

A - - - 1 2 3 4B 5 6 7 8 9 10 11C 12 13 14 15 16 17 18D 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

26 27 28 29 30 31


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

18

45 What is true about the importance of secondary growth in plants?I. It increases the diameters of the plant stems and roots for mechanical support.II. It allows plants to increase in length to achieve maximum height.III. It produces new phloem and xylem tissues to replace the old and damaged ones.IV. It produces a thick bark which reduces the evaporation of water from the surface

of the stem.

A. I, II and III only B. I, III and IV onlyC II, III and IV only D. I, II, III and IV.

46 A woman with blood group A claims that a man with blood group AB is thefather of her baby. The baby’s blood is tested. Which of the following could be thebaby’s blood group?

I Group AII Group BIII Group OIV Group AB

A I and II onlyB I and IV onlyC I, II and IV onlyD I, II, III and IV

47 Which of the following shows the difference between continuous variation anddiscontinuous variation?

Continuous Variation Discontinuous VariationA Controlled by dominant genes. Controlled by recessive genes.B Caused by mutation. Not caused by mutation.C Occurs in animals. Occurs in plants.D Can be measured. Cannot be measured.

48 The Hydrangea plant produces blue flowers when grown on acidic soil, and redflowers when grown on alkaline soil. What conclusion can be made from thisobservation?

A. The colour of the Hydrangea flower is a continuous variationB. The environment affects the colour of the flowersC. The pH of the soil causes mutationD. The colour of the flower is affected by the genetic factor only


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

19

49 I - Homologous chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell.II - Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite polesIII – Sister chromatids separate and move to different polesIV – Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate.

I, II, III and IV shows the processes which occur in meiosis. Among the followingevents, which occur in anaphase I ?.

A I onlyB II onlyC III and IV onlyD II and IV only

50 Diagram 26 shows an organ system.

Diagram 26

What are the functions of the organ system shown above?I To transport oxygen to the body cellsII To defend the body against diseasesIII To remove metabolic wastesIV To help regulate the volume and composition of bloodA I and II onlyB I and III onlyC II and IV onlyD III and IV only

END OF QUESTION PAPERKERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

PPD MELAKA TENGAH


4551/2 [Lihat sebelah]

SULIT4551/2BIOLOGYKertas 2Oktober20092 ½ jam

PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH MELAKA TENGAH_______________________________________________________


BIOLOGI

KERTAS 2

Dua jam tiga puluh minit


1. Tulis nama dan kelas anda padaruang yang disediakan.

2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalamdwibahasa.

3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggerismendahului soalan yang sepadandalam bahasa Melayu.

4. Calon dibenarkan menjawabkeseluruhan atau sebahagian soalansama ada dalambahasa Inggeris atau bahasaMelayu.

5. Calon dikehendaki membacamaklumat di halaman belakangkertas soalan ini.

Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa

Bahagian SoalanMarkahPenuh

MarkahDiperoleh

1 12

2 12

A 3 12

4 12

5 12

6 20

B 7 20

8 20

9 20

Jumlah

NAMA :

FORM:

4551/2 - 2 - LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

PPD MELAK

Section A[ 60 marks ]

Answer all questions from this section.

1. Diagram 1 shows cell organisation in plant. Cells J undergo differentiation andspecialisation to form several tissues in a leaf of a green plant.Rajah 1 menunjukkan organisasi sel dalam satu tumbuhan. Sel-sel J mengalamipembezaan dan pengkhususan untuk membentuk beberapa tisu dalamsatutumbuhan hijau.

(a) NameNamak

K : ……

L: ……

Cells JSel-sel J

daun

Cell Specialisation K

L

Cross-sectionof a leafKeratanrentas sehelai

A TENGAH

DIAGRAM 1

tissue K and tissue L.an tisu K dan L

…………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

XylemtissueTisuxilem

M


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

(b) State the function of cells K and M in a leaf.Nyatakan fungsi sel K dan M dalam sehelai daun

K : ……………………………………………………………………………………….

M: ……...……………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(c) (i) Explain the differentiation of cells J to form the xylem tissue.Terangkan pembezaan sel J dalam membentuk tisu xilem.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(ii) During the formation of the xylem tissue, the plant was unable to synthesise lignin.Explain the effect on the function of the leaf.Sewaktu pembentukan tisu xylem, satu tumbuhan gagal mensistesis lignin.

Terangkan kesannya keatas fungsi daun tumbuhan tersebut.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(d) Based on diagram 1, state the meaning of cell specialization.Berdasarkan rajah 1, nyatakan maksud pengkhususan sel.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(e) Leaf is the main photosynthetic organ of a plant.Explain the adaptation of tissue L to enable the leaf to carry out its function.Daun adalah organ utama fotosintesis sesuatu tumbuhanTerangkan adaptasi tisu L untuk membolehkannya menjalankan fungsinya

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

TOTAL


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

2. Diagram 2.1 shows the cell cycle of an organism.

Diagram 2.1

(a) Name phase U in Diagram 2.1..

U:………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

(b) Phase U is further divided into three sub phases, X, Y and Z. Describe whathappens at sub phases X, Y and Z.

X: ………………………………………………………………………

Y: ………………………………………………………………………

Z: ………………………………………………………………………[3 marks]

(c) The number of chromosomes present in the nucleus of a somatic cell is 6.Diagram 2.2 shows a stage of cell division to produce gametes.

Diagram 2.2

Mitotic celldivision Phase U


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

Complete the diagram to show the chromosomes for a daughter cell producedat the end of sub-phase Q.

[2 marks]

( d ) Explain how radiotherapy affected cell cycle in cancer treatment.

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(e)(i) A farmer wants to breed a good variety of banana plants for commercialproduction. Suggest a suitable method to be used and explain how the methodnamed can increase the crop yield.

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks]

(ii) State a problem that can occur when using this method..

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

TOTAL


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

3. Diagram 3 shows part of a nitrogen cycle.Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebahagian kitar nitrogen.

DIAGRAM 4

DIAGRAM 3

a) Name P, Q and RNamakan P, Q dan R.

P: ...........................................................................................

Q: ...........................................................................................

R: ...........................................................................................

Nitrogen in the atmosphereNitrogen dalam atmosfera

Nitrogen fixation bymicroorganisms in plant PPengikatan nitrogen olehmikroorganisma dalamtumbuhan P

NitrcomSebadala

Nitrogenous comin animalsSebatian nitrogehaiwan

Process YProses Y

Substance QBahan Q

Ammonium compoundsSebatian ammonium

NitritesNitrit

Organism R

..............................

.............................

..............................

[3marks]

ogenouspounds in plantstian nitrogenm tumbuhan

pounds

n dalam

Organisma R


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

(b) (i ) Name the microorganism that is involved in the nitrogen cycle and lives in plantP.Namakan mikroorganisma yang terlibat dalam kitar nitrogen dan tinggal dalamtumbuhan P.

..........................................................................................................................................[ 1 mark]

(ii) Besides nitrogen fixation by microorganisms, name a natural phenomenon which isalso able to convert nitrogen in the atmosphere to substance Q.Selain daripada pengikatan nitrogen oleh mikroorganisma, namakan satufenomena semulajadi yang boleh menukarkan nitrogen dalam atmosfera kepadabahan Q.

..........................................................................................................................................[ 1 mark]

(c) Microorganisms are involved in process Y.Mikroorganisma terlibat dalam proses Y.

(i) Name one type of microorganism which is involved in process Y.Namakan sejenis mikroorganisma yang terlibat dalam proses Y.

..........................................................................................................................................[ 1 mark]

(ii) Explain the role of the microorganism in ( c)(i)Terangkan peranan mikroorganisma dalam (c)(i)

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................[ 3 marks]

(d) Explain how a deficiency of Q in the soil affects the growth of the plants.Terangkan bagaimana kekurangan Q dalam tanah memberi kesan terhadappertumbuhan tumbuhan.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................[ 3 marks]

TOTAL


PPD MELAKA TENG

4 Two individuals P and Q were given injections to acquire immunity. The level of antibodiesin the blood of individual P and Q is shown in Diagram 4.1 and 4.2 respectively.

(a) What is the su

P : ……………

Q : ……………

Individual P

Individual Q

AH

DIAGRAM 4.1

DIAGRAM 5.2

DIAGRAM 4.2

bstance injected into the blood of individual P and individual Q ?

……………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………

1st injection 2nd

injection

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Co

nce

ntr

ati

on

of

an

tib

od

ies

inth

eb

loo

d(a

rbit

rary

un

it)

Immunity level

Increaseimmediately

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1st

vaccination 2nd

vaccination Time (weeks)

Immunity level

Co

nce

ntr

ati

on

of

an

tib

od

ies

inth

eb

loo

d(a

rbit

rary

un

it)

Booster dose (2nd)stimulates a faster and

larger lastingresponse.

1st Injection 2nd Injection

Time (weeks)


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

[ 2 marks ]

(b) State the type of immunity obtained by individual P and individual Q.

P : …………………………………………………………………………….….

Q : ………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 2 marks ]

(c) Using your biological knowledge, describe how you could save this boy.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………..…………………………………………………………………….……

[ 4 marks ]

(d) Table 4.1 shows a schedule of immunisation given for every new born Malaysian until the

age of two.

Age Types of Immunity

New born

Tuberculosis (B.C.G)

Hepatitis B ( First dose )

1 month Hepatitis B ( Second dose )

3 month

Triple Antigen

Polio ( First dose )

5 month

Triple Antigen

Polio ( Second dose )

Hepatitis B ( Third dose )

9 – 24 month Germans measles

1 ½ - 2 year

Triple Antigen

Polio ( Third dose )

TABLE 4.1

A boy was bitten by a snake. He was unconscious

and he was hospitalised.

4551/2 - 10 - LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM2009

PPD MELAKA TENGAH

(d) (i) Based on Table 4.1, state the type of pathogen which cause the diseases.

...................................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(ii) Explain why there is a need for second and third doses for the immunisation.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[ 3 marks ]

TOTAL


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

5. Figure 5 shows various types of fingerprints.Rajah 5 menunjukkan bebrapa jenis cap jari

Composite Whorl Curves LoopsKomposit Pusar Lengkung Gelung

FIGURE 5

(a) (i) Based on Figure 5, name the type of fingerprints of students X and Y below.Berdasarkan Rajah 5, namakan jenis cap jari bagi pelajar X dan Y di bawah.

Student X Student Y

Type of fingerprint: Type of fingerprint:Jenis cap ibu jari: Jenis cap ibu jari:

……………………………… ….……………………………[2 marks]

(ii) State one factor that causes variation in the fingerprints of students X and Y.Nyatakan bagaimana faktor di (a)(ii) menghasilkan variasi.

……..………………………………………………………………………………….. ……..[1 mark]

(iii) State how the factor in (a) (ii) causes variation.Nyatakan bagaimana faktor di (a)(ii) menghasilkan variasi.

………………………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

(b) (i) What is the type of variation shown in Figure 5?Apakah jenis variasi yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

(ii) State two traits, other than fingerprint, which show the same type of variation asin (b)(i).Nyatakan dua trait selain cap jari yang menunjukkan variasi yang sama seperti(b)(i).

Trait 1 : ……………………………………………………………………………………

Trait 2 : ……………………………………………………………………………………[2 marks]

(c) Height is a type of variation.Explain the differences between the type of variation shown by fingerprints andheight.

Trait ketinggian merupakan sejenis variasiHuraikan perbezaan antara variasi yang ditunjukkan oleh trait jenis cap jari dengantrait ketinggian pelajar.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks](d) Explain how variation can ensure the survival of a species.

Terangkan bagaimana variasi boleh menjamin kemandirian suatu spesies

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks]

TOTAL


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

SECTION B

[ 40 marks ]

Answer two questions from this section.

6. Diagram 6.1 shows a respiratory structure of an insect.

Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan struktur respirasi satu serangga

DIAGRAM 6.1

(a) (i) Explain the gases exchange between tracheol and body cell.

Terangkan pertukaran gas antara trakeol dan sel-sel badan[4 marks]

(ii) Chitin is a polysaccharide on the outer surface of structure P. Due to the change inthe environment, the insect is unable to form the polysaccharide.Explain how the absence of chitin affects inhalation and the energy production.

Kitin adalah polisakarida yang terdapat pada permukaan struktur P. Disebabkanperubahan dalam persekitaran, serangga tidak dapat menghasilkan polisakarida.Terangkan bagaimana ketiadaan kitin memberi kesan keatas proses tarikan nafasdan penghasilan tenaga .

[6 marks]

PTracheolTrakeol

Body cellsSel-selBadan


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

(b) Diagram 6.2 shows the rate of oxygen intake before, during and after a vigorousexercise of an athlete.

Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan kadar pengambilan oksigen sebelum, semasa dan selepassatu latihan intensif seorang atlit.

Time (min)

DIAGRAM 6.2

(i) Based on the graph, compare the respiration before and during the vigorousexercise.

Berdasarkan graf diatas, bezakan proses respirasi sebelum dan semasalatihan tersebut.

[4 marks]

(ii) Explain how the oxygen intake by the athlete returns to the normal level at the 25thminute.

Terangkan bagaiman pengambilan oksigen oleh atlit tersebut kembali ke asalselepas minit ke 25

[6 marks]

Vigorous exercise

Oxygen intake(litre/minute)


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

(7) (a) Figure 7 shows development of the follicle in the female ovary, thickeningof uterine endometrium and the hormones involved.

Rajah 7 menunjukkan perkembangan folokel dalam ovari seorang perempuan,penebalan endometrium uterus dan hormonphormon yang terlbat.

FIGURE 7

Explain the relationship between development of the follicle , changing of therespective hormonal level in the blood and the thickening of the uterineendometrium in a female.

Terangkan hubungan antara perkembangan folikel, perubahan aras hormon-hormon masing-masing dalam darah dan penebalan endometrium uterus padaseorang perempuan.

(10marks)

Time (Day)

Estrogen


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

(b) Graph 7(a) and 7(b) show the growth curve of human and insect.Based on the graph , compare the growth process in human and insect.

Graf 7 (a) dan 7 (b) menunjkkan lengkuk pertumbuhan manusia dan seranggaBerdasarkan graf, bandingkan proses pertumbuhan pada manusia dan serangga.

(10marks)

GRAPH 7(a) : Growth curve for human

GRAPH 7(b) : Growth curve for insect

Height (cm)

Time (year)

Length(cm)

Time(day)


PPD MELAKA TENGA

8 (a) Diagram 8 shows the blood groups of a married couple, Encik Ahmad andPuan Amalina and their children.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan kumpulan darah bagi pasangan suami isteri EncikAhmad dan Puan Amalina serta anak-anaknya.

ParentsIbu bapa

0ffspringAnak

blood groupkumpulan dara

Diagram 8 showthere is a varia

Rajah 8 menunmengapa adan

(b) Genetic engineJustify the impa

Kejuruteraan gperubatan.Beri wajaran tepersekitaran.

E En AhmadBlood group AKumpulan darah A

H

0 blood group 0h O kumpulan darah O

Diagram

s the variation of blood grotion in blood groups of the of

jukkan variasi kumpulan daya variasi dalam kumpulan d

ering is widely used in the fict of genetic engineering on

enetik digunakan secara me

ntang impak kejuruteraan ge

darahBloogroup A

EPn AmalinaBlood group BKumpulan darah B

blood group 0 blood group ABkumpulan darah O kumpulann darah AB

8

ups in En Ahmad’s family. Explain whyfspring.

rah dalam keluarga En Ahmad. Terangkanarah anak-anaknya.

[ 10 marks]

eld of agriculture and medicine.humans and the environment.

luas dalam bidang pertanian dan

netik terhadap manusia dan

[ 10 marks]

Blood group A


PPD MELAKA TENGAH

Biodiversity is the variety of plants, animals and microorganisms living on Earth.These organisms live in different ecosystems and are important to our lives.Biodiversiti ialah kepelbagaian jenis tumbuhan, haiwan dan Mikroorganisma yanghidup di bumi. Organisma ini hidup dalam berbagai ekosistem dan penting kepadakehidupan kita.

9.(a)(i) Based on the statement discuss the importance of biodiversity.

Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas bincangkan kepentingan biodiversiti.[4 marks]

(ii) Diagram 9 shows an ecosystem in Malaysia.Rajah 9 menunjukkan satu ekosistem di Malaysia

Diagram 9

Discuss the importance of the ecosystem shown in Diagram 8 to the environmentand economy of our country.Bincangkan kepentingan ekosistem di Rajah 8 kepada persekitaran dan ekonominegara kita.

[6 marks](b)

Biotechnology is the application of organisms or microorganisms or their biologicalprocesses in the production of materials for use in medicine and industry.

Biotechnology ialah aplikasi organisma atau microorganism atau proses biologidalam penghasilan bahan-bahan untuk kegunaan bidang perubatan danperindustrian.

Discuss the uses of microorganisms inBincangkan pengunaan microorganisma dalam

(i) the waste treatment process.proses rawatan kumbahan.

(ii) food processingpemprosesan makanan

[10 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

SULIT 4551/3

4551/3 [Lihat sebelahSULIT

SULIT4551/3BIOLOGYPaper 3October20091 ½ jam



BIOLOGI

KERTAS 3

Satu jam tiga puluh minit


1. Tuliskan nama dan tingkatanpada ruang yang disediakan.

2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalamdwibahasa.

3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggerismendahului soalan yang sepadandalam bahasa Melayu.

4. Calon dibenarkan menjawabkeseluruhan atau sebahagiansoalan sama ada dalam bahasaInggeris atau bahasa Melayu

Soalan Markahpenuh

Markahdiperolehi

1 33

2 17

Jumlah 50


NAME

FORM

SULIT 4551/3


2

1. A student carried out an experiment to investigate the effect of running up and downa stair case on the rate of his heart beat . Figure 1.1 shows the method used by thestudent. The subject runs up the stair case and straight away runs down the samestair case.

Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu kajian untuk menyiasat kesan berlari menerusianak tangga keatas dan kebawah keatas kadar degupan jantungnya. Rajah 1.1menunjukkan cara yang digunakan oleh beliau. Pelajar itu berlari keatas dankebawah menggunakan anak tangga yang sama.

Immediately after the boy has finished running up and down the stair case, the timetaken for 30 heart beats is taken and is recorded in table 1.1.Sebaik sahaja pelajar itu selesai berlari keatas dan kebawah menerusi anak tanggatersebut, masa untuk 30 degupan jantungnya di catatkan dalam jadual 1.1

The whole experiment was repeated with the same boy running up the stair case asshown in Figure 1.2(a), 1.2(b) and 1.2(c) in Table 1.1 respectively. The results arealso shown in the same table.Keseluruhan kajian diulang oleh pelajar yang sama seperti di rajah 1.2 (a), 1.2(b)dan 1.2 (c) dalam jadual 1.1. Keputusan kajian ditunjukkan dalam jadual yang sama.

Situation

Numbers oftimes the boy

running up anddown the stair

case.

ObservationThe time takenfor making 30heartbeats (s)

Figure 1,1

One time

20

Figure 1.2(a)

Two times

SULIT 4551/3


3

Figure 1.2(b)

Three times

Figure 1.2(c)

Four times

Table 1.1

SULIT 4551/3


4

(a) (i) Based on Table 1.1, state two observations on the relationship of the numbersof times the boy runs up and down the stair case and the time taken for 30 heartbeats.Berdasarkan jadual 1.1, nyatakan dua pemerhatian tentang hubungan antara bilangankekerapan pelajar tersebut berlari menerusi anak tangga keatas dan kebawah dan masauntuk 30 degupan jantung

Observation 1 :Pemerhatian 1 :

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Observation 2 :Pemerhatian 2 :

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks][3 markah]

(ii) State the inference which corresponds to the observations in 1(a) (i)Nyatakan inferen yang sepadan dengan pemerhatian di 1(a) (i)

Inference from observation 1:Inferens daripada pemerhatian 1 :

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Inference from observation 2 :Inferens daripada pemerhatian 2 :

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks][3 markah]

Forexaminer’s

use

1 (a) (i)

1 (a) (ii)

SULIT 4551/3


5

(b) Complete Table 1.2 based on this experiment.Lengkapkan Jadual 1.2 berdasarkan eksperimen ini.

VariablePemboleh ubah

Method to handle the variableCara mengendali pemboleh ubah

Manipulated variable:Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan

………………………………………..

………………………………………

………………………………………

..............................................................................

……………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………

Responding variable:Pembolehubah bergerak balas

………………………………………..

………………………………………

………………………………………

..............................................................................

………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………..

Constant variable:Pembolehubah dimalarkan

………………………………………..

………………………………………

………………………………………

..............................................................................

………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………

Table 1.2Jadual 1.2

[3 marks][3 markah]

(c) State the hypothesis for this experiment.Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks][3 markah]

Forexaminer’s

use

1 (b)

1 (c)

SULIT 4551/3


6

(d) Record the time taken for the boy’s heart to make 30 heart beats in the threeoccasions in Table 1.1.Catatkan masa untuk 30 degupan jantung pelajar tersebut dalam ketiga-tigakeadaan dalam jadual 1.1

[3 marks][3 markah]

(e) Based on Table 1.1, construct a table and record the results of the experiment whichinclude the following aspects:Berdasarkan jadual 1.1, bina satu jadual dan catatkan keputusan kajian tersebut yangmerangkumi aspek berikut

- The numbers of time of running up and down the stair caseBilangan kekerpan menaikki dna menuruni anak tanggga

- The time taken for the boy’s heart to make 30 beatsMasa untuk 30 degupan jantung pelajar tersebut

- The rate of the boy’s heart beat (times/minute)Kadar degupan jantung pelajar tersebut ( masa / minit)

[3 marks][3 markah]

(f) From the table in (e) (i) above, draw the graph of the rate of the boy’s heartbeats against the number of times of running up and down the stair case.Daripada jadual dalam (e)(i), lakarkan graf kadar degupan jantung pelajar melawanbilangan dia menaiki dan menuruni anak tangga

[3 marks][3 markah]

For examiner’suse

1 (e)

1 (d)

1 (f)

SULIT 4551/3


7

(g) Based on the graph you have drawn in (f) above, explain the relationship between thenumber of times of running up and down the stair case, the time taken for the boy’sheart to beat 30 times and the rate of the boy’s heart beat.Berdasarkan graf yang dilakarkan di (f), terangkan hubungan antara bilangan pelajarmenaiki dan menuruni tangga, masa untuk 30 degupan jantungnya dan kadar degupanjantungnya

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks][3 markah]

(h) Predict the rate of the boy’s heart beat if he runs up and down the same staircase 5 times.Explain your prediction.Ramalkan kadar degupan jantung pelajar tersebut jika dia berlari menerusi anaktangga yang sama keatas dan kebawah sebanyak 5 kali.Terangkan ramalan anda.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks][3 markah]

(i) Based on this experiment, deduce the meaning of the rate of the heart beat.Berdasarkan kajian ini, rumuskan maksud kadar degupan jantung.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks][3 markah]

Forexaminer’s

use

1 (h)

1 (g)

1 (f)

SULIT 4551/3


8

(j) The student also carried out an experiment to investigate the amount of carbon dioxideproduced after doing the exercise. The following list is part of the apparatus andmaterials used in this experiment.Pelajar tersebut juga menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji jumlah karbon dioksidayang dihasilkan selepas melakukan senaman.

Complete the table 1.3 below by classifying the apparatus and materials used in thisexperiment.Lengkapkan jadual 1.3 dengan mengklasifikasikan alat radas dan bahan yangdigunakan pembolehubah dan bahan serta radas yang digunakan dalam eksperimenini.

ApparatusRadas

MaterialsBahan

[3 marks][3 markah]

Forexaminer’

s use

J tube, ruler, potassium pyrogallate solution, beaker, potassium hydroxidesolution, boiling tube, rubber tubing, basin, water

Tiub J, pembaris, larutan kalium pirogalat, bikar,larutan kalium hidroksida,tabung didih, salur getah, besen, air

SULIT 4551/3


9

2. Variation are differences in trait between individual of the same species. Variation causes anindividual able to adapt to the surrounding for survival of the species. Example of variation are typesof fingerprints, attachment of ear lobes, height, ability to role the tongue and blood group.Variasi ialah perbezaaan trait di antara individu dari spesies yang sama. Variasi menyebabkanseorang individu berkebolehan untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan persekitaran untuk kemandirianspesies. Contoh variasi ialah jenis cap jari, lekatan cuping telinga, ketinggian, kebolehan menggulunglidah dan kumpulan darah.

A group of form 5 Perkasa students carried out an experiment to investigate the variation amongthemselves. The traits on height and attachment of ear lobes were observed.Sekumpulan pelajar dari 5 Perkasa menjalankan eksperimen untuk menyiasat variasi dikalanganmereka. Trait untuk ketinggian dan lekapan cuping telinga diperhatikan.

Height

Plan a laboratory experiment to determine the types of variation to the number of students. Yourplanning of the experiment must include the following aspects:Rancang satu eksperimen makmal untuk menentukan jenis variasi terhadap bilangan pelajar.

Problem statementPernyataan masalah

Objective of investigationObjektif kajian

HypothesisHipotesis

VariablesPemboleh ubah

List of apparatus and materialsSenarai radas dan bahan

Technique usedTeknik yang digunakan

Experimental procedure or methodKaedah atau prosedur eksperimen

Presentation of dataCara data dipersembahkan

ConclusionKesimpulan

17 marks[ 17 markah ]

END OF THE QUESTION PAPER

PPD MELAKA TENGAHLONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009

JAWAPAN - BIOLOGY PAPER 1

1. A 11. C 21. C 31. C 41. C

2. B 12. C 22. C 32. D 42. A

3. A 13. A 23. C 33. D 43. A

4. A 14. D 24. C 34. C 44. B

5. B 15. D 25. D 35. C 45. B

6. D 16. C 26. B 36. C 46. C

7. C 17. B 27. C 37. C 47. D

8. B 18. D 28. D 38. C 48. B

9. A 19. A 29. B 39. B 49. B

10. A 20. C 30. C 40. D 50. D

PPDMT LONJAKAN SAUJANA SPM 2009 BIOLOGY P2

1

SULIT 4551/2

4551/2BiologyPaper 2October 20091 ½ jam



BIOLOGY

Paper 2

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN

UNTUK KEGUNAAN PEMERIKSA SAHAJA

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN INI MENGANDUNGI 15 HALAMAN BERCETAK


2

MARKING SCHEME - BIOLOGY PAPER 2

QUESTION 1

No Criteria Marks

(a) Able to name tissue K and tissue L.Answer: K: Upper epidermis (cells / tissue) L: Palisade mesophyll (cells / tissue)

11 2

(b) Able to state the function of cells K and M in a leaf.Sample answer: K: Protect the inner tissues. // Allows light to penetrate. M: Controls the size of stoma / transpiration / gaseous exchange

// Allows gaseous exchange through the stoma.

11

2

(c) (i) Able to explain the differentiation of cells J to form the xylem tissue.Sample answer: Cells J join end to end, / the wall of cells J at the joints dissolved, to form a hollow tube / continuous tube (from root to leaves). The wall of xylem vessel is thickened by lignin. (Any 2)

111 2

(ii) Able to explain the effect on the function of the leaf when the plantunable to synthesise lignin during the formation of the xylem tissue.Sample answer: Xylem cannot be strengthened / cannot uphold leaf. Less sunlight received / absorbed. Slow down the rate of photosynthesis / less glucose produced

Or (Any 2)

Xylem vessels collapsed. Less water supplied to leaves. Slow down the rate of photosynthesis / less glucose produced

(Any 2)

111

111 2

(d) Able to state the meaning of cell specialisation.Sample answer: Cells grow, change shape / differentiate. To carry out / perform specific function.

11 2

(e) Able to explain the adaptation of palisade mesophyll tissue to enablethe leaf to carry out its function.Sample answer: Upright and closely packed. Contains large number of chloroplast. All cells receive maximum amount of sunlight.

// Absorb maximum amount of sunlight // energy.

111

2

TOTAL 12


3

QUESTION 2No Criteria Marks(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)(i)

(e)(ii)

Able to name the phase U.Sample answer:U : Interphase

Able to describe the processes at sub phases X, Y and Z duringphase U

Sample answer :

X : Cell synthesises protein / new orgenelles formedY : DNA is synthesized / is replicated / 2 sister chromatidsformedZ : Cell accumulates energy / synthesise energy / prepare forcell division

Able to draw a daughter cell based on the following criteria: No. of chromosomes are haploid / 3 chromosomes Types of chromosomes/ non homologous New genetic combination

Able to explain how radiotherapy can treat cancer.Sample answer :

F : Radiotherapy uses radiation / high energy raysE1 : destroy the nucleus of cancerous cellsE2 : cancerous cells die / cannot divide mitoticallyE3 : cell cycle stops

Able to name the method and explain the advantages of themethod in increasing crop yield.

Sample answer :T : Tissue culture / CloningE1 : Large numbers of clones can be producedE2 : Within a short period of time / any timeE3 : Clones inherited good characteristics/ resistance to diseases/ fast growth rate / large fruit / good genetic traits

Able to state one problem :Clones can be destroyed completely if they do not have theresistance to new diseases / pest.//No variation

1

11

1

111

Any 2

1111

Any1E = 1

1111

T=1mAny2E

Marks

Any 1

1

3

2

2

3

1

TOTAL 12


4

QUESTION 3

No Criteria Marks

3 a

b(i)

(ii)

c(i)

(ii)

d

Able to name P,Q and RSuggested answerP: leguminous plant / example of a leguminous plantQ: nitratesR: denitrifying bacteria

Able to state the name of the microorganismSuggested answerRhizobium sp /nitrogen fixing bacteria

Able to name the natural phenomenon that can convert atmosphericnitrogen to substance QSuggested answerLightning

Able to suggest the type of the microorganism that is involved inprocess Y.Suggested answersaprophytic bacteria / fungi // putrefying bacteria / fungi

Able to explain the role of the microorganism in the nitrogen cycleSuggested answer

1. Saprophytic bacteria / fungi decompose protein in the deadplants and animals / excretory products of animals

2. to ammonium/ simpler nitrogenous compounds/ ammonia whichis eventually converted to nitrates.

3. This increases the nitrate / nitrogen content of the soil.

Able to explain how a deficiency of Q in the soil affects plant growth.Suggested answer1 Root hairs absorb less Q/nitrates/nitrogen// less Q/nitrates/nitrogen is available to be absorbed by plants.

2. Less chlorophyll / protein is synthesized.3 Rate of photosynthesis decreases.4 Plant growth is slow / retarded.

Any 3

111

1

1

1

1

1

1

1111

3

1

1

1

3

3

TOTAL 12


5

QUESTION 4No Criteria Marks(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)(i)

(ii)

Able to state the substances injected into the blood of individualP and individual Q.Sample answer:P : Dead or weakened bacteria / viruses / antigens// vaccineQ : Serum containing antibodies // antiserum

Able to explain the type of immunity obtained by individual P andindividual Q.Sample answer :P : Artificial active immunity

The body produces its own antibodies to fight againstinfections by pathogens.

Q : Artificial passive immunityThe body receives antibodies produced from outside sourcesto fight against infections by pathogens.

Able to describe how could save that boy.Sample answer :F1: Snake venom / toxin acts as antigen to our bodyF2: Injection of serum which contains instant antibodies /antiserum / anti-toxin must be given to the patient.F3: Antibody-antigen action occured very fastF4: Antitoxin/ antibody reacts with toxin / snake venom/ antigenand neutralize it / he is saved.

Able to state the types of pathogen which cause the diseasesAnswer:Virus / bacteria

Able to explain why there is a need for second and third dosesfor the immunisationSample answer :

F1: Immunisation is given to prevent infection from pathogensthat caused diseases like Tuberculosis, Hepatitis B, Polio,diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus. German measles ( state atleast 2 example )F2: New born are injected with vaccines to get Artificially ActiveImmunityF3: First dose are given to induce baby lymphocytes to produceantibodies which are specific against the antigens / bacteria /virusF4: 2nd and 3rd dose are booster dose to increase the productionof antibodies at a faster rate.F5: Achieved immunity level // antibodies remained in the bloodfor a long time and provide permanent immunity / protect themfrom the next infection.

Any 3

11

1

1

11

11

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

4

3

TOTAL 12


6

QUESTION 5

No Criteria Marks

(a) (i)

( ii)

(iii)

(b) (i)

(ii)

(c)

(d)

Able to name the type of fingerprints of students X and YAnswer:X - Loop ; Y- Composite

Able to state one factor that causes variation in the fingerprintsof students X and Y.Answer:Genetic factor

Able to state how the factor in (a) (ii) causes variationAnswer:Genetic recombination during crossing overresults in the formation of different

Able to state the type of variationAnswer:Continuos variation

Able to state two traits, other than fingerprint, which show thesame type of variation as in (b)(i)Answer:

The ability to roll tongueTypes of hair

Able to explain the differences between the type of variationshown by fingerprints and height.Sample answer:

Height Types of fingerprint

- Shows normal distribution Shows discrete distribution

- Affected by environmental Not affected byFactors environmental factor

Able to explain how variation can ensure the survival of a species

Sample answer:

- Can differentiate from one individual to another / no one is thesame

- Able to adapt to a new environment- Able to camourflage to run away from any predators

2

1

1

1

11

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

2

2

3

TOTAL 12


7

SECTION B

QUESTION 6

No Criteria Marks

(a) (i) Able to explain the exchange of gases between tracheole and bodycell.Sample answer: Partial pressure/concentration of oxygen in the tracheole is higher

than partial pressure/concentration of oxygen in body cell . Oxygen diffuse from tracheole to body cell Partial pressure/concentration of carbon dioxide in the body cell is

higher than partial pressure/concentration of carbon dioxide intracheole . Carbon dioxide diffuse from tracheole to body cell

1

1

1

1 4

(ii) Able to explain how the absent of chitin affect the process ofinhalation and energy production of the insect.

Sample answer: The function of chitin is to prevent trachea from collapsing/sustain

the air pressure During inhalation high pressure air moves into the trachea. The absent of chitin will cause the trachea / P to collapse / burst /

rupture. Air with oxygen cannot reach tracheal. Body cell cannot get enough oxygen for cellular respiration The insect does not produce enough energy and respire

anaerobically. Less energy produced. (Any 6)

1

11

111

16

b (i) Able to compare and explain the respiration before and duringvigorous exercise.Sample answer:

Before (A) During (B) Explanation (E)1.

AerobicRespiration

AnaerobicRespiration

Before - oxygen intake islow/the same as oxygenrequired/enough oxygenis supplied to the cell

During – oxygen requiredis more than oxygenintake

2.

Themuscles arein normalcondition

The musclesare in the stateof oxygen debt

Before – oxygen issufficient

During – oxygen isinsufficient / oxygensupplied is less thanoxygen supplied.

3.

Energyproduced is

Energyproduced is

Before – complete breakdown of glucose (produce


8

more/38ATP

less / 2 ATP more energy) During – incomplete break

down of glucose (produceless energy)

4.

No/lessaccumulation of lacticacid in themuscles

Highaccumulationof lactic acid inthe muscles

Before – complete breakdown of glucose producecarbon dioxide and water

During – Incompletebreakdown of glucoseproduce lactic acid

A + B = 1m

E=1m (Any one E)

8

(b) (ii) Able to explain how the oxygen intake by the athlete returns to thenormal level at the 25th minute.Sample answer: Lactic acid has been removed from the muscles The lactic acid has been converted to energy/ convert to glucose

1

1 2

TOTAL 20


9

QUESTION 7

No. Criteria Mark Remark7(a) Able to explain the relationship between development of

the follicle , changing of the respective hormonal level inthe blood and the thickening of the uterineendometrium.

Suggested answer:

Day 0 – 7Follicle– very small– start to develop when receive FSH from pituitary– the wall of follicle will produce estrogenFSH- pituitary start to release FSH, FSH will goto the ovary

- FSH stimulate development of follicle

Endometrium- stimulate by estrogen; undergo thickening / repairing

Day 8 – 14Follicle

- become larger, develop to form follicle GraafFSH / LH/ Estrogen/progesterone

- FSH decrease, LH at maximum level , estrogen atmaximum level

- LH stimulate ovulation / completion of meiosis I,estrogen stimulate the thickening of endometrium

- Progesterone level very low

Endometrium- endometrium become very thick (ready to

implantation (of embryo))-

Day 15 - 21Follicle

- Follicle undergoes ovulation/ released oocyte II- The remaining follicle tissue / corpus luteum

secreted small amount of estrogen but largeamount of progesterone

FSH/ LH/ Estrogen/ Progesterone- Progesterone stimulated the thickening of

endometrium , halted the secretion of FSH/LH- Development of new follicle and ovulation stop.

Endometrium- more thicker and highly vascular- ready for implantation of embryo

111

11

1

1

11

1

1

11

1

1

Max 3marks for

each stage- 9 marks

At least theanswer

shows therelationshipbetween 3parameteri.e follicle,hormone

andendometriu

m- 1 mark


10

Day 22 – 28Corpus luteum

- if no fertilisation, corpus luteum becomedisintegrate

FSH/ LH/ Estrogen / Progesterone- FSH, LH and estrogen at minimum level;

progesterone level also drop

Endometrium- endometrium become breakdown & disintegrate- blood and tissue are shed / lining of uterus

discharge through vagina as menstrual flow.

1

1

1

1 Max – 10

7(b) Able to compare the growth process in human andinsect.Suggested answers:

Similarities- height of man / length of instar increases by time- both show horizontal line / constant growth during

adult

Difference- Form of graph – Sigmoid form for human and like

series of steps in insect- Age of organism – the height measured yearly,

but in insect used day for measuring the length- Caused of different – human have endoskeleton

but insect have exoskeleton- Stages involve – in human, the curve has three

different phases, but there are five steps in insect// nymphal stages

- Vertical and horizontal line : curve for human didnot shows different line (only the curve fromcontinuous points), but there are five differenthorizontal and vertical lines each

- Zero growth – no point to show zero growth inhuman, but there are 5 time of zero growth (athorizontal line)

- Sudden growth : no sudden growth for human,but there are sudden growth in insect (at verticalline)

- Ecdysis : no ecdysis in human but ecdysisoccurred in insect

- Mitosis : the cells in human undergo mitosis allthe time, but in insect, mitosis only occurred atcertain time (during ecdysis)

- Absorption of air : in human, there are noabsorption of air, but in insect, during ecdysis

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Max – 10marks

*2 marksfor

similarities,8 marks fordifferences

TOTAL 20


QUESTION 8

No Criteria Marks8(a) Able to explain why there is a variation of blood groups in the

offspring1. The ABO blood group in humans is controlled by three alleles

IA, , IB and Io.

2 Alleles IA and IB are codominant but allele Io is recessive.3 Ahmad is heterozygous for blood group A // Genotype of

Ahmad is IA, IO,

4 Amalina is heterozygous for blood group B // Genotype ofAmalina is IB, IO

5 Ahmad produces two types of sperms, one containing allele IA

and the other containing allele IO .6 Amalina produces ovum containing allele IO or allele IB

7 When the sperm containing allele IO fertilizes with the ovumcontaining allele IO the offspring produced will have thegenotype IO IO

8 and the phenotype is blood group O.9 Three of the children who have the blood group O are

produced this way and they have the genotype IOIO

10 When the sperm containing the IA allele fertilizes with theovum containing allele IB then the offspring produced willhave the genotype IA IB

11 and the phenotype is blood group AB.12 One of the children who have the blood group AB is produced

this way and has the genotype IA, IB.

Any 10 pointsGenetic diagram:

Parents Ahmad x AmalinaGenotype IA IO IB IO √PT 3,4

PT 5., 6Gametes√

Fertilisation

OffspringGenotypePT7.10Phenotype√ Pt 8, 11(If answer us

1

11

1

1

11

11

1

1

1 10

No

I

IAIB

blood gro

ing schem

A

11

IOIO

up AB blood group B

atic diagram - only maximum 7 mark

Criteria

IO IBI

√

s)

Marks

O


12

8b Able to explain the effect of genetic engineering on man and theenvironmentSuggested answerGood effectsAgricultureF1 Genetic engineering used to produce disease resistant/ pest resistantplants

e.g legumes, peas and beansP : Less pesticides are used

- less pollution to the environment- better health for consumers.

P : increase yield of crops- better livelihood for farmers.- help to solve problems of insufficient food.

F2 : create crops with better nutrition value e.g tomatoes with highervitamin A content

- help to solve problems of malnutrition.F3: create crops with longer shelf lives e.g tomato

- less food wastageF4 : genetically modified livestock e. g cows

- produce meat with less fat / more milk.

MedicineF5 : genetically modified bacteria produce insulinP ; for treatment of diabetis mellitusF6: Genetically modified yeast to produce vaccine for hepatitisP: for prevention of diseases.F7: Gene therapy for treatment of genetic disorders/ diseases e.gmuscular dystrophy, rheumatoid arthritis, sickle cell anaemiaP: Defective gene removed and normal gene inserted.

Any 2F and P for agriculture,any 1F and P for medicine Max : 6m

Bad effectF1 Pest resistant genes may be transferred to weedsP: may be difficult to control growth of weeds.F2: Some transgenic crops may have animal genesP : this may not be acceptable to certain groups for religious reasons.F3: Genetically modified foods may be harmful to healthP: may activate human genes to cause cancer.F4: Transgenic organisms may affect the survival of other organisms

in the ecosystem.P: may cause the imbalance of nature / ecosystemF5: Gene therapy used for the treatment of genetic disorder has itslimitations.P : may not be acceptable because of religious and moral values.

: very costlyAny 2F and P

Max 4m

6

410

TOTAL 20QUESTION 9


13

No Criteria Marks

9 (a)(i)

(ii)

Able to discuss the importance of Biodiversity

Suggested answer:

F- it provides humans with necessities of lifeP- is a resource for food/timber to build shelter/as a fuel/fibresfor clothing.F- many plant species are original sources of pharmaceuticaldrugs/medicines.P- new commodities, for example, new crop plants or medicinalmaterials could be developed using the gene pool from wildspecies in the forests.F- allow for biological control to maintain stable populationP- regulate climatic conditions, biogeochemical cycles, preventfloodingF- Natural ecosystems and species in the wild are beautifulP- there is much pleasure to be derived from unspoilt naturalenvironmentF- ecotourismP- could provide income for some countries

Any 4 points

Able to discuss the Importance of mangrove swamps.Sample answer:

- F: resource for timber used in building industry- P : has many varieties of species of mangrove trees- F: Mangroves protect the coastlines and prevent- coastal erosion.- P: The roots of mangrove trees act as wave- breakers which stabilise the coastlines.- F:: Mangrove swamps are good breeding grounds- for fish and crustaceans/ prawns, crabs etc.- Important for fishermen- P: The calm water and prop roots shelter the- spawns from predators- F: Serve as habitat for many species of birds,- amphibians and reptiles.- P: The habitat provides food, shelter, living space,- nesting and breeding sites for these animals.- F: Serve as natural barriers against torrential- storms and tsunamis- P: The trees block the water from flooding the

land during a storm.Any 6 ponts

Max 4

Max 6


14

(b)(i)

(ii)

Able to discuss the uses of microorganisms in ;

Waste treatment- rich in organic matters, bacteria and microorganisms- (in oxidation pond)the sewage is decomposed

by(millions) of aerobic bacteria(in the presence ofoxygen)

- Decomposed sewage/sludge settled to the bottom of thepond

- fermentation takes place at sedimentation tanks

- using anaerobic bacteria- produce methane/carbon dioxide/minerals- digested sludge use as fertilizers

Any 5 points

Food processing- F: Use of yeast in making of bread and cake- P: Fermentation by yeast produces carbon dioxide- which makes dough rise.- F: Beer brewed from barley/ wine from grape juice- P: Yeast fermentation of the sugar in barley/ grape- produces ethanol- F: Yoghurt is made from fermentation of milk by- bacteria / Lactobacillus sp. / Streptooccus- thermophillus- P: Bacteria converts sugar into lactic acid which- coagulates the milk to / form yoghurt- F: Cheese made by adding bacteria and rennin to- milk.- P: Milk separates into curd and whey/ coagulates- F: Soya sauce made from fermentation of soya- bean by fungi- P: Yeast fermentation breaks down soya bean and- gives it flavour

Any 5 points

1

1

1

1

111

Max 5

Max 5

TOTAL 20

4551/3PPD Melaka Tengah 2009 SULIT

SULIT 4551/3

4551/3BiologyPaper 3October 20091 ½ jam



BIOLOGY

Paper 3

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN

UNTUK KEGUNAAN PEMERIKSA SAHAJA

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN INI MENGANDUNGI 10 HALAMAN BERCETAK

MARK SCHEME 4551/32

1(a)(i)Score Explanation

3

Able to state any two observations based on the following criteria:C1 : Numbers of times the boy running up and down the stair case.C2 : The time taken for making 30 heart beats.C3 : Reading for C1 and C2

1: The time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times is 15 seconds when heruns up and down the stair case two times.

2: The time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times is 10 seconds when heruns up and down the stair case four times.

2 Able to state any one correct observation or two inaccurate response.1 Able to state one correct observation or two inaccurate response or idea.0 No response or wrong response

1 (a)(ii)Score Explanation

3

Able to state two reasonable inferences for the correspond to the observation.

1: The heart beats is slow because the boy’s body needs a smaller amount ofoxygen supply to run a shorter distance.2: The heart beats is fast because the boy’s body needs a larger amount ofoxygen supply when he runs a longer distance.

2 Able to state one correct inference and one inaccurate inference.1 Able to state one correct inference or two inaccurate inference or idea.0 No response or wrong response

1(b)Score Explanation

Able to state the variable and the method to handle variable correctly (√) for eachvariable and method

Variable Method to handle the variable

Manipulated variable

The distance run by the boy //the number of times he runs upand down the stair case

By running up and down the stair casefor different number of times // 2 times,three times and four times.

Responding variable

The time taken for the boy’sheart to beat 30 times after therunning.

By taking down the time taken for theboy’s heart to beat 30 times after eachrunning and record them in a table.

Fixed variable

The boy, the height of the staircase, the number of heart beats(30)

By using the same boy throughout theentire experiment // use the same staircase for all the experiment // bycounting the same number of heartbeat for all the experiment.

3 Able to get all 6 (√)2 Able to get 4 – 5 (√)1 Able to get 2 – 3 (√)

MARK SCHEME 4551/33

0 No response or wrong response

1 (c)Score Explanation

3 Able to state the hypothesis correctly based on the following criteria:P1 (manipulated)P2 (responding)R - State the relationship between P1 and P2.

The more the number of times the boy runs up and down the stair case, theshorter the time his heart takes to beat 30 times after the running.

2 Able to state the hypothesis but less accurate.

1. Time taken for making 30 heart beat depends on the numbers of times the boyrunning up and down the stair case.

1 Able to state the idea of the hypothesis.0 No response or wrong response

1(d)Score Explanation

3 Able to record all the readings the time taken for the boy’s heart to make 30 heartbeats in the three correctly.

2 times = 15 s3 times = 12 s4 times = 10 s

2 Able to record any 2 readings correctly.1 Able to record any 1 readings correctly.0 No response or wrong response.

1(e)Score Explanation

3

Able to construct a table and record the result of the experiment which the followingcriteria:

C – state all the numbers of time of running up and down the stair case . (√)D – Transfer all data correctly. (Time taken) (√)T – calculate all the rate of the boy’s heart beat (with unit) (√)

The number of timesof running up and

down the stair case

The time taken for theboy’s heart to make 30

beats (s)

The rate of the boy’sheart beat

(times/minutes)2 15 1203 12 1504 10 180

2 Able to construct a table and record any two criteria1 Able to construct a table and record any one criteria0 No response or wrong response

1 (f)Score Explanation

Able to draw the graph for the rate of the boy’s heart beats against the number oftimes of running up and down the stair case.P1 – Both axes are labeled with unit and uniform scale.P2 – All points are correctly plottedP3 – Smooth curve (didn’t touch X-axis or/and Y-axis)

MARK SCHEME 4551/34

3 Able to get all criteria correct2 Able to get any two criteria correct1 Able to get any one criteria correct0 No response or wrong response

1(g)Score Explanation

3Able to explain the relationship between the number of times of running up anddown the stair case, the time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times and therate of the boy’s heart beat correctly.

The more the number of times the boy runs up and down the stair case, theshorter the time taken for his heart to make 30 beats or to beat 30 times, so thehigher the rate of the boy’s heart beat.

2 Able to explain briefly the relationship between the number of times of running upand down the stair case, the time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times and therate of the boy’s heart beat.

1 Able to explain the idea of relationship between the number of times of running upand down the stair case, the time taken for the boy’s heart to beat 30 times and therate of the boy’s heart beat.


1(h)Score Explanation

3 Able to predict and explain the outcome of the experiment correctly with thefollowing aspect.

Prediction:P1 – Able to predict the rate of the boy’s heart beat if he runs up and down thesame staircase 5 times.

Explanation:P2 – Able to state the changes in number of times the boy runs up and down the

stair case,P3 – Able to state the changes in the time taken for his heart to make 30 beats or

to beat 30 times,

Sample answer:The rate of the boy’s heart beat would be higher than 180 times per minutebecause the more the number of times the boy runs up and down the stair case,the shorter the time taken for his heart to make 30 beats or to beat 30 times.

2 Able to predict based on any two criteria.1 Able to predict based on any one criteria.0 No response or wrong response

1(i)Score Explanation

3 Able to state the definition of the rate of the heartbeat operationally, completeand correct, based on the following criteria.

P1 – basic concept of heartbeat rateP2 – manipulated variableP3 – responding variable

Sample answerThe heartbeat rate is the number of breaths per minute shown by the time taken

MARK SCHEME 4551/35

for making 30 heartbeats and is affected by the number of times the boy runs upand down the staircase.

2 Able to state the definition of the rate of heartbeat operationally based on anytwo criteria.

1 Able to state the definition of the rate of heartbeat operationally based on anyone criterion or an ideal or hypothesis form.


I(j)Score Explanation

3 Able to classify all the apparatus and materials used correctly.

Apparatus MaterialsJ tube, basin,

boiling tube, ruler,beaker, rubber

tubing

Water, potassiumpyrogallate solution,potassium hydroxide

solution

2 Able to classify all the apparatus correctly but one material wrong// all materialscorrectly but one apparatus wrong.5-6 apparatus correct with 2 materials4-5 apparatus correct with 1 materials

1 Able to classify 3-4 apparatus correctly with 1 materials.0 No response or wrong response

MARK SCHEME 4551/36

Question 2:

KB061201 – ( Problem statement)

KB061202 ( KB061203 – Making Hypothesis )

Question Score Explanation Remarks2 3 Able to write a complete hypothesis relating the manipulated variable

and responding variable correctly based on:C1 = Manipulated variable = types of variation / types of attachment

of ear lobes and heightC2 = Responding variable = number of students / boys and girlsH = Relationship.

Sample answer :1. Different number of students show different types of

ear lobes attachment and height / types of variation // inversely .2. Each student in thé group / class belongs to one type

of ear lobes attachment and (specific range) of height .

Question Score Explanation Remarks2 3 Able to state the problem statement correctly :

C1 : Types of variation // height and attachment of ear lobesC2 : Number of students // number of boys / girlsH : Question form

Sample answer:1. Do all the students have the same attachment of ear lobes and

height / types of variation?2. Do different attachment of ear lobes and height affect the

number of students?3. Do the boys and girls have the same attachment of ear lobes

and height?4. How many students have the same attachment of ear lobes and

height?5. What is the number of student in the group having the same

attachment of ear lobes and height?

2 Able to state the problem statement of identified problem butincorrect.

Sample Answer:1. Height and attachment of ear lobes affect the number ofstudents ?

1 Able to state an idea onlySample Answer:Attachment of ear lobes/ height affect the number of students?

Tick


MARK SCHEME 4551/37

3. Height is a continuous variation and attachment of ear lobes /is a discontinuous variation.

2 Able to write an incomplete hypothesis statement

Sample answer:1. Students have different types of attachment of ear lobes and height.

1Able to give an idea of the above hypothesis.Sample answer:1. Attachment of ear lobes and height varies among the students .

Tick


KB061203 - Planning ( Planning for investigation)

Question Score Explanation Remarks2 3 Able to state 7-9 aspects of experimental planning which

includes the following: Problem statement – idea level

Aim of investigation / Objective – Relation between C1and C2

Sample answer

To investigate the types of variation among students in 5 Jauhari.//To study the number of students with different height and types earlobes attachment

Statement of hypothesis – idea level

Variables –Able to state the three variables correctly.

- Types of variation // height and types of ear lobes attachment

- Number of students / boys or girls

-Same class// same age// same gender // ten students .

List of materials and apparatus

Technique –Sample answer:Record / count the number of students / boys and girls with differenttypes of variation using meter rule.// Record the height using the meter rule / count the number ofstudents having different types of ear lobes attachment

MARK SCHEME 4551/38

Bonus 1 = 1 mark

Procedure / Method of investigation – must have all criteriaK1, K2, K3, K4, K5

Data presentation // presentation of result –- title and correct unit

Sample Answer :

Student’sname

Types of ear lobesattachment

Height(m)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10

Bonus 2 = 1 mark

Conclusion (CS) – Must write the correct hypothesis again.Reject conclusion., if only write hypothesis accepted.

Sample answer :Different students show different types of attachment of ear lobes/different height. Hypothesis is accepted.// Each student in thé group / class belongs to one type of ear lobesattachment and (specific range of ) height .// Height is a continuous variation and types of ear lobes attachment/ isa discontinuous variation.

2 Able to state 4 – 6 aspect of planning investigation

1 Able to state 1 - 3 aspect of planning investigation Tick


MARK SCHEME 4551/39

Question Score Explanation Remarks2 3 Able to list down the complete and correct procedures/steps used

based on the following five criterias K1, K2, K3, K4 and K5 :

K1 : Setting apparatus and materials:K2 : Operating manipulated variableK3 : Operating responding variableK4 : Operating controlled variables.K5 : Precautions steps

Sample Answer:Method / Procedures :

1. Ten names of student in thé same group were written down ina table (include my name) K1 / K4

2. My height is measured by using a metre rule and recorded in atable. K1

3. Thé experiment is repeated by investigating thé types of earlobes attachment K2

4. Observed the types of ear lobes attachment of the studentsK1

5. All the observations are recorded. K36. Steps 2 until 5 were repeated to other students in thé same

group. K27. Thé measurement of height and types of ear lobes attachment

are repeated twice to get thé average.K5

8. Two graphs on thé number of students against thé types ofvariation were plotted. K1

To get K1,they mustbe 3exampleof K1

To get K2,K3,K4and K5they mustbe at least1 example

2 3-4 criteria / 3-4 K’s1 1- 2 criteria / 1-2 K’s 1K a tick0 1 criteria or no response

Question Score Explanation Remarks2 3 Able to state all the materials and apparatus correctly:

Sample Answer:1) Student2) Graph paper3) Marker/pen4) Meter rule / tape

3A + 1M

2 Able to state three of the materials and 3 apparatus 2A +1M1 Able to state two of the materials and 2 apparatus 1A + 1M0 No response or wrong response

MARK SCHEME 4551/310

03 Report writing3 Score 3 = 7-9 √

2 Score 2 = 4-6 √1 Score 1 = 1-3 √0 No response or wrong response.

TOTAL = 17 marks

Question 1: 33 MarksQuestion 2: 17 Marks

(Total = 50 marks)

bio 123 dgn skema ppdmt 09

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