bab 9 terusan

8/13/2019 Bab 9 Terusan

1/63

BAB 9. KIMIA AIRTANAH, FENOMENA DISPERSI DAN POLUSI

9.17. HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ULTRABASIC ROCK

TRACE ELEMENTS AN EXAMPLE OFTRACE ELEMENTS AN EXAMPLE OF

GROUNDWATER ROCK INTERACTIONGROUNDWATER ROCK INTERACTION CASE STUDY :CASE STUDY :

MALILI DISTRICT, SOUTH SULAWESI MALILI DISTRICT, SOUTH SULAWESI

Abstract

The idea of diffe e!" o#$% &i'e diffe e!" #he(i#a) ef)e#"io! "o

& o*!d+a"e ha% ha d) -ee! #o!%ide ed. Thi% /a/e &i'e% a %ho "

&)i(/%e of " a#e e)e(e!"% o##* e!#e i! & o*!d+a"e a% a e%*)" of

+a"e 0 o#$ i!"e a#"io! / o#e%%e%.

The #a%e %"*d i% Ma)i)i, )o#a"ed o! 12 $( NE of Ma$a%a ,

So*"h S*)a+e%i. The &eo)o&i#a) #o!di"io! i% #o!%i%"ed (ai!) of Mid0

Te "ia U)" a-a%i# Ro#$% a!d Se /e!"i!i"e 3o*)de , o'e )ai! - La"e

Te "ia )i(e%"o!e a!d %a!d%"o!e )a e %. 3o"h *!i"% a e fa*)"ed a!d

fo)ded. The o*!&e%" )a e i% "hi! 4*a"e !a La$e De/o%i"% a!dA))*'ia) P)ai! De/o%i"%. The / o-)e( i% "he /o%%i-i)i"ie% of & o*!d+a"e

#o!"a(i!a"io!. Thi% /a/e i% (ai!) di%#*%%i!& "he !a"* a) #o!" o) "o

*!#o!fi!ed & o*!d+a"e #o!"a(i!a"io!, -a%ed o! "he fo))o+i!&

a!a) %i% o!: a5*ife o-%e 'a"io!%, +a"e 5*a)i" da"a 6d*& +e))%, 2

%/ i!&%, 17 i'e %a(/)i!& %i"e%8, a!d %oi) #he(i#a) da"a 69 %a(/)e%8.

The da"a %ho+ "ha" "he " a#e e)e(e!"% #o!#e!" a"io!% a e hi&h -o"h i! +a"e a!d e%id*a) %oi). The fie)d 'a)*e% of Co , Ni , A%, ;! < ,

CN 0 i! & o*!d+a"e a e #o((o!) )o+e "ha! "he (a=i(*(

/e (i%%i-)e )i(i". The #o!di"io! doe% !o" a//) "o C #o!#e!" a"io!

67.12>7.??#he(i#a) / o/e "ie% of & o*!d+a"e %ho+% a

!o (a) "e(/e a"* e 6?


2/63


(ea%* e(e!"% 6B? 7 S@#(8. Ho+e'e , "he /H (ea%* e(e!"% %ho+

+ide e="e!d of 'a)*e% f o( 9.B >17.1


3/63

F#&'re 9.() S"*d a ea

)o#a"io!


Ma)i)i, "he #a%e %"*d a ea i! "hi% /a/e , i% )o#a"ed o! 12 $( NE of

Ma$a%a , o! "he #oa%"a) a ea of 3o!e 3a i! So*"h S*)a+e%i 6 F#&'re

18. A##o di!& "o Si(a! *!"a$ 61 18, "he &eo)o&i#a) #o!di"io! i! %*#h

a ea i% #o!%i%"ed (ai!) of Mid Te "ia U)" a-a%i# Ro#$% a!d

Se /e!"i!i"e 3o*)de , o'e )ai! - La"e Te "ia )i(e%"o!e a!d

%a!d%"o!e )a e %. 3o"h *!i"% a e a) ead fa*)"ed a!d fo)ded. The

o*!&e%" )a e a e "hi! 4*a "e!a La$e De/o%i"% a!d A)*'ia) P)ai!

De/o%i"%. The o'e a)) &eo)o&i#a) (a/ a!d %" a"i& a/hi# *!i"% i% %ho+!

i! F#&'re ()I! "he ea ) 7 %, Ma)i)i +a% de'e)o/ed a% a %e"")e(e!" a ea. A%

"he a ea de'e)o/ed, i! 1 , "he )o#a)% %"a "ed "o 5*e%"io! "he

& o*!d+a"e 5*a)i" , a)"ho*&h "he e +e e !o" e" a! e/o "ed e'ide!#e

of /h %i#a) effe#"%. Thi% /a/e i% (ai!) di%#*%%i!& "he /o%%i-i)i" of

&eo)o&i#a) #o!" o) "o & o*!d+a"e #o!"a(i!a"io!.


4/63



5/63


9.17.2. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The /* /o%e of "he %"*d i% "o fi!d o*" "he e#ha &e0di%#ha &e

% %"e( of & o*!d+a"e . The % %"e( e#o&!i"io! *%ed a% a -a%i% "o

de"e (i!e "he o i&i! of " a#e e)e(e!"% #o!"a(i!a"io! o! & o*!d+a"e i!

"he a ea.

9.17.3. METHODOLOGY

The %"*d i% (ai!) -a%ed o! ? %"a&e% 6 F#&'re ( 8: / e0fie)d

%* 'e , fie)d %* 'e , a!d /o%" fie)d %* 'e . The / e0fie)d %* 'e#o!%i%"ed of de%$ %"*d a-o*" "he &eo)o&i#a) a!d +a"e #he(i#a) da"a

f o( / e'io*% e%ea #h.

3a%ed o! "he de%$ %"*d , "he fie)d +o $% +a% /e fo (ed, #o(/ i%ed of:

1. O-%e 'a"io!% of a5*ife #ha a#"e i%"i#% o! %/ i!&% a!d d*&

+e))%.


6/63


F#&'re 9.(+. F)o+#ha " of "he %"*d


7/63


9.17.4. DATA

The da"a %ho+ "ha" "he " a#e e)e(e!"% #o!#e!" a"io! a e hi&h

-o"h i! a)) " /e% of +a"e a!d e%id*a) %oi). The fie)d 'a)*e% of %i= " /e%

of " a#e e)e(e!"% 6Co , Ni , A%, ;! < , CN 08 i! & o*!d+a"e a e

#o((o!) )o+e "ha! "he (a=i(*( /e (i%%i-)e )i(i" 6 Tab,e 9.7 8. The

#o!di"io! doe% !o" a//) "o C #o!#e!" a"io! 67.12 > 7.??< (&@)8,

+hi#h i% hi&he "ha! "he )i(i" 67 > 7.79 (&@)8.

Tab,e 9.7.Tab,e 9.7. T a#e e)e(e!"% #o!#e!" a"io! i! & o*!d+a"e T a#e e)e(e!"% #o!#e!" a"io! i! & o*!d+a"e Trace e,e2e$ts Co$ce$trat#o$

32&4,5*a6 er2#ss#b,e L#2#t 32&4,5

3 ro2 8ar#o's so'rces5C 7.12 0 7.??< 7 0 7.79Co 7.7? > 7.1 7 Ni 7.771 > 7.7< 7A% 7.71 7;! < 7.71 > 7.7B 7CN 0 7.71 7

The " a#e e)e(e!"% of #o(/o%i"io! i! & o*!d+a"e %ho+%

%i(i)a i"ie% +i"h "he #o(/o%i"io! i! e%id*a) %oi) 6 Tab,e 9. 8. The da"a

%ho+% "ha" Ni #o!"e!" i% hi&h, a!&e% -e"+ee! 179B (&@) */ "o 97. (&@).

Tab,e 9. .Tab,e 9. . T a#e e)e(e!"% #o!#e!" a"io! i! e%id*a) %oi)T a#e e)e(e!"% #o!#e!" a"io! i! e%id*a) %oi)

Trace e,e2e$ts Co$ce$trat#o$ 32&4,5C 77 > 1B77Co 1B7 >


8/63


The /h %i#a) > #he(i#a) / o/e "ie% da"a of & o*!d+a"e %ho+ a

!o (a) "e(/e a"* e 6 ? 7,7B 7,771M&< 1, B > 9, B 7,22 > 7,2 7,27

Na B, 7 > 7,11 7 7,17

K 7,772 > 7,7< 7 > 7,7< 7,779HCO ?0 7,7 > ?, 7,1 7,71 7,79SO 2 7,7 7,71 7,71CO ?0 7,? > 7, 7 7,71 > 7,72 7,71

9.17.5. ANALYSIS

The da"a %ho+% "ha" "he /h %i#a) a!d #he(i#a) / o/e "ie% of

& o*!d+a"e i% %i(i)a "o ai! +a"e . The #o!di"io! i% #)ea ) / o'ed -

Pi/e /)o" i))*%" a"i!& -i#a -o!a"e " /e & o*!d+a"e a!d ai! +a"e

6F#&'re 9.(< 8. The )o+ #o!d*#"i'i" %ho+% )o+ "o (ode a"e

(i!e a)i a"io! / o#e%% a!d fa%" #o!"a#" "i(e -e"+ee! & o*!d+a"e a!d

"he a5*ife 6Ma""he%%, 1 1J F ee e da! Che , 1 J P* adi(a a,

1


9/63


(e"eo i# +a"e #i #*)a"io! +i"h )o#a) e#ha &e a!d di%#ha &e % %"e(

& o*!d+a"e 6O(a! e".a), 1 J I a+a! e".a),


10/63

M g

C a

1 0

0

0

0

1 0

0

C l

S O

4

0

1 0 0

1 0 0

0

S O

+ C l

4

C a +

M g

N a +

K

1 0

0 1

0 0

0

1 0 0

0

C O

+

H C

O

3

3

1 0

0

0

0

1

2 6

G r o u n ! a t e r

" a i n ! a t e r

" i # e r ! a t e r


F#&'re 9.(


11/63


F#&'re 9.(=. Si(/)ified # o%% %e#"io! of "he a5*ife 6f o( +e))o-%e 'a"io!8. The a5*ife i% #o(/o%ed of "hi! e%id*a) %oi)

of *)" a-a%i# o#$% 6< (8. The +a"e 0 o#$ i!"e a#"io! / o#eed% a% "he ai! +a"e i!fi)" a"e% a!d /e #o)a"e% i! "hee%id*a) %oi) "o "he %a"* a"ed o!e 6O(a!, 1 J I a+a!e".a),


12/63


9.1 . EN/UGAAN ASAL *ULA /AN ALIRAN AIR A/A

AKIFER BAHAN 0OLKANIK BER/ASARKAN

ERUNUTAN ISOTO STABIL 3@ ) H a$ @ 1 O5

Sar#

Ko(/)e$% Ma"aai ;+ee(-a" di Ko"a Sa-a!&0Na!& oe A#eh

Da *%%a)a( (e */a$a! %a)ah %a"* %*(-e /e(a%o$ ai *"a(a -a&i

(a% a a$a" dae ah "e %e-*", "e di i da i d*a $e)o(/o$, ai"* $e)o(/o$

Ma"aai PDAM da! $e)o(/o$ Ma"aai TNI0AL.

Ke)o(/o$ Ma"aai TNI0AL (e(/*! ai de-i" -e 'a ia%i < > ?9

)@de"i$, (e */a$a! (a"aai $o!"a$ de!&a! %*(-e *"a(a -e a%a) da i

ai Da!a* A!e*$ Lao" a!& (e!&a)i %e#a a e)a"if )e-ih #e/a" di da)a(

a$ife -e-a% / od*$"if -e */a T*f K i%"a) da! T*f 3a"*a/*!&. Ha) i!i

di"*! *$$a! o)eh %i(/a!&a! $o!%e!" a%i De*"e i*( %e-e%a 0 ?7 da!

O$%i&e!01 %e-e%a 0 ? , /ada &a i% e'a/o a%i ai /e (*$aa!J

$a!d*!&a! io! -i$a -o!a" a!& e)a"if e!dah 6


13/63


Kata "'$c#- Pe *!*"a! i%o"o/ %"a-i), De*"e i*(, O$%i&e!01 , E(i%i

&a% CO< da! SO


14/63


9.18.1. LATAR BELAKANG

Ko(/)e$% (a"aai ;+ee(-a" "e )e"a$ /ada e)e'a%i


15/63


16/63


Ga2bar 9.( .Dia& a( a)i "aha/a! /e!e)i"ia!


17/63


9.18.3. KA IAN TEORI

9.18.3.1. D!"#$!%&"! I"'#'( S#)%!* D++$!&, -) O/"!0+ 18 -! A*),

Te da/a" e(/a" e!i% i%o"o/ /e!"i!& da)a( %"*di hid o&eo)o&i

da! )i!&$*!&a!! a, ai"* T i"i*( 6 ?H8, Ka -o!012 6 12C8, De*"e i*(

6


18/63


$e"e)i"ia! (e!#a/ai 7,71 o@oo. Ha%i) /e!&*$* a! %/e$" o(e"e (a%%a

dihi"*!& da)a( -e!"*$ /e -edaa! e)a"if a%io (a%%a 6 8 #o!"oh ai

"e hada/ )a *"a! %"a!da d a!& di$e!a) %e-a&ai Standard Mean O&ean

'ater 6SMOW8 da)a( %a"*a! /e (i) 6 o@oo8, di(a!a:

Q 66R #o!"oh ai > R SMOW 8 @ R SMOW 8 = 1777 o@oo

Ca"a"a!:

Q o@ooJ a%io D@H da! 1 O@1BO #o!"oh "e hada/

SMOW

R #o!"oh ai Q a%io D@H da! 1 O@1BO #o!"oh di*$*

/ada %/e$" o(e"e (a%%a

R SMOW Q a%io D@H da! 1 O@1BO SMOW /ada

%/e$" o(e"e (a%%a

U!"*$ $e/e )*a! $a)i- a%i, di&*!a$a! %"a!da d IAEA ai"* SMOW

a!& (e!e"a/$a! !i)ai 1 O da! DQ 7,7 o@oo a"a* %"a!da d SLAP

6S"a!da d Li&h" A!"a "i# P e#i/i"a"io!8 a!& (e!&&*!a$a! !i)ai

"e $e#i) $a!d*!&a! 1 O da! D di a)a( %e-a&ai $o e$%i, di(a!a !i)ai1 OQ 0 99,9 da! DQ 0 2


19/63


Ko!%e!" a%i De*"e i*( da! O$%i&e!01 -e 'a ia%i /ada %e"ia/ dae ah.

O)eh $a e!a i"*, %e"ia/ dae ah a$a! (e(i)i$i Ga i% Ai Me"eo i$ Lo$a)

de!&a! /e %a(aa! a!& -e -eda. Da i /e %a(aa! Ga i% Ai Me"eo i$

G)o-a) da/a" di"* *!$a! /e %a(aa! *(*( *!"*$ Ga i% Ai Me"eo i$

Lo$a) %e-a&ai -e i$*", de!&a! !i)ai X di/e!&a *hi o)eh fa$"o

"o/o& afi:

D o@oo Q D o@oo X

9.18.3.3 A )*!"!" K) -& 0) I"'#'( S#)%!* D++$!&, -)

O/"!0+ 18

Pe *-aha! $a!d*!&a! i%o"o/ %e/a! a!& a)i a! ai "a!ah

(e ef)e$%i$a! /e $i aa! )o$a%i $a+a%a! e%a/a! da! )*a%a!, %e "a

/ o%e% a!& "e adi da)a( /e iode /e!&a)i a! (Fr tz dan F)nte*, #9++% ,de!&a! (e(-a!di!&$a! 'a ia%i $a!d*!&a! i%o"o/ De*"e i*( da!

O$%i&e!01 /ada ai h* a! da! ai "a!ah. Me!* *" at (#9$#% da! H)e-*

(#9+$%, /e! e-a- 'a ia%i $a!d*!&a! i%o"o/ De*"e i*( da! O$%i&e!01

/ada ai h* a! da! ai "a!ah ada)ah:

1. Ada! a $o!" i-*%i e%a/a! da i ai /e (*$aa! 6%*!&ai, da!a*,

(a*/*! -e!"*$ ai /e (*$aa! )ai!! a8, a!& %e-a&ia! "e)ah

"e *a/$a!.


20/63


Ti!&&i! a $a!d*!&a! De*"e i*( da! O$%i&e!01 /ada ai

da!a* di%e-a-$a! "i!&&i! a / o%e% /e!&*a/a! (D)men &) dan

S&! artz, #99/% , %ehi!&&a (e(-e!"*$ &a i% /e!&*a/a! ai /e (*$aa!.

P o%e% "e %e-*" (e!i!&$a"$a! $a!d*!&a! $ed*a i%o"o/ "e %e-*" /ada

(a"aai a!& -e %*(-e da i ai da!a* 6 0at! dan )n- ant n , #9+1 8.

Ga(-a ? (e!&&a(-a $a! /e *-aha! $o!%e!" a%i De"e i*( da!

O$%i&e!01 %e "a / o%e% a!& (e! e-a-$a!! a 6 D)men &) dan

S&! artz, #99/ 8.

Ga2bar 9.(9 Pe! i(/a!&a! $o(/o%i%i i%o"o/ "e hada/ &a i% ai (e"eo i$ a$i-a" -e -a&ai / o%e% 6Do(e!i#o da!

Sh#+a " , 1 78


21/63


22/63


3a"*a! i!i -e +a !a a-*0a-*, "e di i da i (a%a da%a -e */a "*f

-e +a !a /*"ih de!&a! -e%a -*"i -e *$* a! /a%i da! f a&(e!

-e */a -a"*a! -e$* a!de%i" -e *$* a! 7,9 (e"e de!&a!

/e(i)aha! %eda!& %a(/ai de!&a! -* *$.

C. Sat'a$ T' Kr#sta,

Di -a&ia! a"a% Sa"*a! La'a A!de%i" die!da/$a! Sa"*a! T*f

K i%"a) a!& "e %i!&$a/ di%e$i"a $e)o(/o$ Ma"aai PDAM da!

di %e-e)ah "i(* Da!a* A!e*$ Lao". 3a"*a! i!i -e +a !a #o$)a"

(*da, -e -*"i /a%i , -e /o o%i"a% -ai$, da! -e %ifa" )*)*% ai .Sa"*a! T*f K i%"a) i!i (e */a$a! a$ife -e-a% de!&a! !i)ai

$o!d*$"i'i"a% hid o)i$ 2,? = 17 09 #(@de"i$. Ma"aai a!& (*!#*)

da i a$ife i!i -e e!i% (a"aai $o!"a$ .

/. Sat'a$ T' Bat'a%'$&

Sa"*a! T*f 3a"*a/*!& "e %i!&$a/ di -a&ia! *"a a Da!a* A!e*$

Lao". Sa"*a! i!i "e %*%*! o)eh (a%a da%a "*f -e +a !a /*"ihde!&a! -e%a -*"i -e *$* a! /a%i da! f a&(e! -a"*a! -e$*

a!de%i". F a&(e! -a"*a/*!& -e +a !a #o$)a" (*da, -e -*"i

%eda!& %a(/ai ha)*%, a&a$ )a/*$, da/a" ha!#* -i)a di e(a%,

#*$*/ i!&a!, da! %a!&a" /o o*%. Sa"*a! T*f 3a"*a/*!& i!i

(e */a$a! a$ife -e-a% de!&a! !i)ai $o!d*$"i'i"a% hid o)i$ 1,2 =

17 0? #(@de"i$ hi!&&a ,2 = 17 02 #(@de"i$. Ma"aai a!& (*!#*)

da i a$ife i!i -e e!i% de/ e%i.

3e da%a $a! /e!a(/a!& A3 /ada /e"a &eo)o&i 6Ga(-a 28,

a$ife T*f 3a"*a/*!& (e(/*! ai $e(i i!&a! )a/i%a! $e a ah "i(*

)a*", di-a"a%i -a&ia! -a+ah! a o)eh a$ife T*f K i%"a). D*a %a"*a!

-a"*a! "e (*da 6Sa"*a! T*f 3a"*a/*!& da! T*f K i%"a)8 -e /e a!


23/63


%e-a&ai a$ife / od*$"if da! (e! adi fo$*% /e!e)i"ia! e)a%i ai da!a*

da! (a"aai .

Tabe, 9.11 Ni)ai * i $o!d*$"i'i"a% hid o)i$ "e hada/ #o!"oh * i /e(-o a!

Kode Keda)a(a!6(8

Li"o)o&i Ko!d*$"i'i"a%hid o)i$ 6#(@de"8

3H071 109 Ta!ahPe)a/*$a!

,< = 17 09

9017 T*f -a"*a/*!& 1,2 = 17 0?

17019 9,B = 17 02

190


24/63


Ga2bar 9.+ . Pe"a &eo)o&i da! /e!a(/a!& &eo)o&i $a+a%a! Da!a* A!e*$ Lao" da! Ko(/)e$% Ma"aai ;+ee(-a" 6Ti(

DPPW,


25/63


%e%a (i!o -e a ah -a a"0"i(* , da! %a"* %e%a (i!o -e a ah "i(* )a*"0

-a a"da a.

9.18.4.3 K' -!"! B) ) P+$,&/))

Ti( DPPW /ada "ah*!


26/63


Ga2bar 9.+1 .Se-a a! %e%a !o (a) ha%i) i!"e / e"a%i /e!a(/a!&%ei%(i$ di Ka+a%a! Da!a* A!e*$ Lao" 6Ti( DPPW,


27/63


Ga2bar 9.+). Pe"a %e-a a! "i"i$ * i &eo)i%" i$ da! /e(-o a! i!"i 6Ti( DPPW,


28/63


Ga2bar 9.+(. Ko e)a%i !i)ai e%i%"i'i"a% -a"*a! /ada )i!"a%a! &eo)i%" i$ GL71 da! GL7? 6Ti( DPPW,


29/63


9.18.4.5 I"'#'( S#)%!* D++$!&, -) O/"!0+ 18

Se-a! a$ 12 #o!"oh ai "e)ah dia!a)i%i% $a!d*!&a! i%o"o/

%"a-i)! a, de!&a! i!#ia!: < #o!"oh ai da i %*(* /e!d*d*$, 2 da i

da!a*, < #o!"oh da i (a"aai TNI0AL, B #o!"oh da i (a"aai PDAM,

e(/a" #o!"oh ai h* a!. 3e da%a $a! ha%i) /)o" $a!d*!&a! D "e hada/1 O %e/e "i di"a(/i)$a! /ada Tabe, 9.1) dida/a"$a!:

a8 /e %a(aa! &a i% (e"eo i$ %e-a&ai -e i$*":

D Q ,7< 1 O 12, R < Q 1

-8 /e %a(aa! &a i% /e!&*a/a! ada)ah %e-a&ai -e i$*":D Q 9,2? 1 O 0 B,


30/63

Ion Utama (meq/l) D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 T1 T2 T3 T4 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 R1 R21 atrium ! a"# $%&' $%(& $%(( $%&) $%& $%2* $%)1 $%& 0,38 0,45 0,4 0,42 0)66 0)64 0)64 0)66 0)*2 0)++ $%+2 $%+)

2 ,alium !,-# $%$+ $%$' $%$* $%$' $%$( $%$) $%$' $%$' 0,07 0,09 0,08 0,09 0)05 0)05 0)05 0)05 0)0+ 0)06 $%$) $%$)

& ,alsium !Ca2"# 1%$& $%*' $%*' 1 $%*& $%* $%*' 1 1,86 2,22 1,77 1,8 3)66 3)4+ 3)15 2)*, 2)5+ 2)3* (%&+ &%+&

( Magnesium !Mg2"# $%( $%1) $%(& $%&( $%&+ $%&+ $%) $%( 0,4 0,55 0,46 0,43 0)+, 0)66 0)*2 1)11 1)56 1)43 $%&( 1%11

) .ikarbonat !HCO&-# 1%&( 1%( 1%( 1%& 1%2 1%& 1%' 1%& 2,67 2,57 2,28 2,47 4)*5 5)04 4)65 4)65 4),5 4)65 )%&( (%))

' ,lorida !Cl-# $%&1 $%&( $%2' $%&2 $%&2 $%&1 $%' $%2 0,31 0,31 0,31 0,31 0)15 0)2+ 0)26 0)26 0)26 0)2 $%1) $%&&

+ Sul0at !SO(2-# $%$( $%$1 $ $%$1 $%$1 $ $%$1 $%$1 0 0 0 0 0)16 0)1+ 0)25 0)25 0)1 0)1+ $%2) $%2(

Sifat fisik

T S !mg/l# 12' 1&$ 12' 11* 11 11& 1 ' 1'& 176 206 176 179 331 325 308 330 340 338 &)+ &)+* H !3S/4m# pd T2)oC 1) 1'2 1'$ 1)1 1(* 1(& 2&' 2$+ 223 263 224 227 419 412 390 418 430 428 ()( ()&

Ion Balance ( ) (%+* -'%+1 (%*2 1%1' $%*2 -2%(2 -'%$2 2%'2 -(%+) '%*) 2%2' -$%+2 $%$$ -'%(1 -)%$* -(%)'

Contoh Mataair PDAM

!asil "nalisis #a$o%ato%i&m'onto "i% S&m&%

en*&*&k

+o a%amete% analisis'onto "i% Dana& "ne&k #aot Contoh Mataair TNI-AL


Tabe, 9.1). Da"a $i(ia0fi%i$a ai


31/63


32/63


33/63


9.18.5. PENDUGAAN ALIRAN AIR

3e da%a $a! /)o" D da! 1 O di *(/ai d*a /o/*)a%i (a"aai :

2)2u0a* 2ertama "e di i da i #o!"oh Ma"aai PDAM 0 %*(* /e!d*d*$

da! 2)2u0a* 3edua "e di i da i #o!"oh Ma"aai TNI0AL 0 ai Da!a*

A!e*$ Lao". Po/*)a%i /e "a(a 6PDAM8 -e ada )e-ih de$a" de!&a!

&a i% (e"eo i$ )o$a) de!&a! %i(/a!&a! $o!%e!" a%i De*"e i*( %e-e%a

> 27 da! O$%i&e!01 %e-e%a > . Po/*)a%i $ed*a 6TNI0AL8

-e ada )e-ih a*h da i &a i% ai (e"eo i$ )o$a) de!&a! %i(/a!&a!

$o!%e!" a%i De*"e i*( %e-e%a > ?7 da! O$%i&e!01 %e-e%a 0 ? ,ai"* -e ada /ada &a i% /e!&*a/a! ai /e (*$aa!. Ko!di%i "e %e-*"

(e!*! *$$a! ada! a /e -edaa! $a a$"e a%a) (*)a %*(-e ai , ai"*

%*(-e ai da i ai h* a! da! da i ai da!a*.

Ke)o(/o$ Ma"aai TNI0AL di/e!&a *hi o)eh $a a$"e ai

da!a*. Ha) "e %e-*" did*$*!& /*)a de!&a! $e%e%*aia! a!"a a f)*$"*a%i

(*$a ai da!a* de!&a! f)*$"*a%i de-i" (a"aai . Ked*a $o!di%i di a"a%(e!*! *$$a! -ah+a Ma"aai TNI0AL da! ai da!a* -e ada /ada %i%"e(

a)i a! a!& %a(a da! %a)i!& -e h*-*!&a!. A)i a! ai da!a* $e da)a(

a$ife T*f 3a"*a/*!& da! T*f K i%"a) "e adi /ada %aa" $e"i!&&ia! (*$a

ai da!a* (e!#a/ai -a"a% %i!&$a/a! $ed*a %a"*a! -a"*a! "e %e-*",

%e/e "i di"a(/i)$a! /ada Ga(-a 1


34/63


da)a( -e!"*$ (a"aai de/ e%i -e de-i" 17 )@de"i$. Se#a a $i(ia+i,

Ma"aai PDAM da! %*(* /e!d*d*$ (e(i)i$i $a!d*!&a! io!

-i$a -o!a" da! %*)fa" a!& "i!&&i, (a%i!&0(a%i!& 2,B909,72 (e5@) io!

-i$a -o!a" da! 7,107,


35/63


Ko!di%i "e %e-*" (e!*! *$$a! -ah+a %*(-e ai *"a(a

$e)o(/o$ Ma"aai TNI0AL ada)ah ai Da!a* A!e*$ Lao", (e!&a)i

(e)a)*i a$ife -e-a% -e */a T*f 3a"*a/*!& da! T*f K i%"a) de!&a!

a)i a! e)a"if )e-ih #e/a", di"*! *$$a! o)eh $a!d*!&a! io! -i$a -o!a"

e)a"if e!dah 6


36/63


9.19. NE: H /ROGEOLOGICAL /ETER*INATION OF

NOR*AL AN/ HOT S RING CO* LED AT

CI:ARINGIN G. KRO*ONG ESA:AHAN NORTH OF

CIRE*AI 0OLCANO :EST A0A IN/ONESIA

A-%" a#"

I! No "h of Ci e(ai 'o)#a!o 6?7 (e"e %8 0 We%" a'a,

I!do!e%ia, (a! %/ i!& a!d ho" %/ i!& a e / e%e!" a" Ci+a i!&i! 0 G.

K o(o!& 0 Pe%a+aha! A ea. 3a%e o! fie)d o-%e 'a"io!, "he e a e I I ho"

%/ i!&% a" )i(e%"o!e a5*ife , < ho" %/ i!&% a" i!" *%i'e o#$% a5*ife ,

!o (a) %/ i!&% a" 'o)#a!i# a5*ife , a!d ? !o (a) %/ i!&% a" i!" *%i'e

o#$% a5*ife .

Thi% %"*d #o!%i%"% of h d o#he(i#a) a!a) %i% 6(a o

e)e(e!"%8 f o( ho" %/ i !&%J 1< h d o#he(i#a) a!a) %i% f o( 1

bab 9 terusan

Documents