Arab J Geoscl DO1 10.10071s12517-012-0651-1

ORIGINAL PAPER

Assessment of seawater intrusion to the agricultural sustainability at the coastal area of Carey Island, Selangor, Malaysia

Mohamad Paizal Tajul Baharuddin - Samsudin Taib . Roslau Hashim. Mohd Hazreek Zainal Abidin . Nur Islami Rahman

Received: 13 May 2012 /Accepted: 31 July 2012 O Saudi Society for Geosciences 2012

Abstract Groundwater suitability for agriculture in an is- land with limited recharge area may easily be intluenced by seawater intrusion. The aim of this study was to investigate seawater intrusion to the suitability of the groundwater for oil palm cultivation at the ex-promontory land of Carey Island in Malaysia. This is the first study that used the integrated method of geo-electrical resistivity and hydro- geochemical methods to investigate seawater intrusion to the suitability of groundwater for oil palm cultivation at two different land cover condition. The relationship between earth resistivity, total dissolved solids and earth conductivity was derived with crop suitability classification according to salinity, used to identify water types and also oil palm tolerance to salinity. Results from the contour conductivity maps show that area facing severe coastal erosion and area still intact with mangrove forest exhibits unsuitable ground- water condition for oil palm at the unconfined aquifer thick- ness of 15 and 3 1 m, respectively. Based on local sea-level rise prediction and Ghyben-Herzherg assumption (sharp interface), the condition in the study area, especially in severe erosion area, by the twenty-first century will no longer be suitable for oil palm plantation. The application of geo-elechcal method combined with geochemical data,

aided with the information on environmental history and oil palm physiography, has demonstrated that the integration of techniques is an effective tool in defining the status of agricultural suitability affected by salinity at the coastal aquifer area.

Keywords Oil palm . Groundwater salinity Seawater intrnsion . Geo-electrical resistivity method . Contour conductivity map

Introduction

Agricultural sectors are likely to be most sensitive to climate change, subsequently inducing socioeconomic impact around the world. The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (PCC LOil?) has predicted the impact of climate changes towards crop yield in Asia. Approximately 2.5 to 10 % decrease in crop yield is projected for several parts in Asia in the 202Os, and 5 to 30 % decrease in the 2050s compared with the con- ditions during the 1990s. Agricultural productivity in Asia is likely to suffer severe losses because of high temperature,

s e v e n A m U & ~ * * s - a ~ 4 ~ ~ + ~ - -

M. F Tajul Baharuddin (E3) - M. H. Z. Abidin 3OU7). Climate change is expected to worsen the existing Department of Water and Environmental Engineering environmental problems along coastal areas. Global mean Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineerin& Tun Hussein Onn University, sea-level rise has been estimated to be between 0.01 and 86400. Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia 0.02 m per year in the last century (IPCC 1 Wh). Future sea- . - e-mail: m ~ l @ u t h m . e d u . m y level rise caused bv atmosuheric climate chan~e is ex~ected . . -

to occur at a rate remarkably exceeding that of the recent M. F. Tajul Bahamddin . R Hashim Department of Civil Engin-g, Faculty of Engineering, past. By 2100, the rise in sea levels is expected to he Universitv of Malava, between 0.2 and 0.8 m (IPCC ?!lOI). Along with climate 50603, ~ u a l a ~umi&, Malaysia change, there is also a concem that future sea-level rise near

coastal aquifers may lead to a change in the present hydro- S. Taib .N. I. Rahman Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, geological boundary and cause more elevated saline ground- 50603, Kuala Lumpr, Malaysia water to shift to coastal area (PCC 1007; Vaeret el al. 20[79).

a springer Published &e: 25 August2012

Achowledgments The project has been made possible by a re- search grant provided by the Institute of Ocean and Earth Science (IOES) University Malaya, Kuala Lumpu~, Malaysia

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