list of discourse markers

List of Discourse Markers (Penanda Wacana)

ADDING (menambah)And (dan)Also (juga)as well as (serta)moreover (tambahan pula)too (sangat / juga)furthermore (tambahan pula)additionally (tambahan itu)

SEQUENCING (susunan)once upon a time (pada suatu hari)from this point (dari sini)at the beginning (pada awalnya)first, second, third… (pertama, kedua, ketiga…)finally (akhirnya)next (seterusnya)meanwhile (sementara itu)after (selepas)after that (selepas itu)then (kemudian)subsequently (seterusnya / kemudiannya)in conclusion (kesimpulannya)in the end (pada akhirnya)at last (akhirnya)final finally (akhir sekali)

TO EXPRESS (menunjukkan pendapat)frankly (secara terus terang)I think (saya rasa/ fikir)in my opinion (pada pendapat saya)actually (sebenarnya)I believe that.. (saya percaya bahawa..)unfortunately (malangnya)luckily (nasib baik)honestly (secara jujurnya)

ILLUSTRATING (menggambarkan)for example (sebagai contoh)such as (seperti)like (seperti)for instance (misalnya)in the case of (dalam kes)as revealed by… (seperti yang didedahkan oleh..)illustrated by (digambarkan oleh)

CAUSE and EFFECT (sebab dan akibat)because (sebab / kerana)so (jadi)therefore (oleh itu)thus (dengan itu / oleh itu)consequently (akibatnya)hence (justeru / seterusnya / dengan itu)as a result (sebagai kesannya)

COMPARING (membandingkan)similarly (sama seperti / begitu juga)likewise (begitu juga / demikian juga)as with (seperti dengan)like (seperti)equally (sama / dengan sama rata)in the same way.. (melalui cara yang sama)

QUALIFYING (melayakkan)But (tetapi)However (walau bagaimanapun)Although (walaupun)Unless (melainkan jika)Except (kecuali)apart from (selain daripada..)as long as (selagi)if (jika)even so (walaupun begitu)even though (walaupun)in another way (dengan cara lain)on the other hand (dengan kata lain)for all that (untuk semua itu)

-WNEIWZ’12-

CONTRASTING (membezakan)whereas (manakala)instead of (bukannya / sebaliknya)alternatively (sebagai alternatif)otherwise (sebaliknya)unlike (tidak seperti)on the other hand.. (dengan cara yang lain)conversely (sebaliknya)

EMPHASISING (menekankan)above all (mengatasi segala)in particular (khususnya)especially (terutamanya)significantly (dengan ketara)indeed (sesungguhnya / sememangnya)notably (terutama sekali)

Time 1

Time 2

-WNEIWZ’12-

before, earlier, previously, formerly, recently, not long ago, at present, presently,

currently, now, by now, until, today, immediately, simultaneously, at the same time,

during, all the while, in the future yesterday, tomorrow, henceforth, after, after a

short time, after a while, soon, later, later on, following, the following week,

Suddenly, all at once, instantly, immediately, quickly, directly, soon, as soon as, just

then, when, sometimes, some of the time, in the meantime, occasionally, rarely,

seldom, infrequently, temporarily, periodically, gradually, eventually, little by little,

slowly, while, meanwhile, always, all of the time, without exception, at the same

time, repeatedly, often, frequently, generally, usually, as long as, never, not at all

The Most Commonly Used Terms (Istilah-istilah yang selalu digunakan)Words that have similar meanings (Perkataan-perkataan yang membawa maksud yang sama)

Tempat Masa Tajuk

VenuePlace LocationSettingSceneSituationSiteAreaRegionWhereaboutsLocus

TimePeriodAgeEraTermSpanMomentStageScheduleProgrammeInstantOcassionTimetableFixSet

TitleNameHeadingEntitleNameCallLabel TagStyleTerm

Penulis / Pencipta Peserta / Pihak lawan / Calon

Tujuan

AuthorWriterComposerReporterColumnistEssayistJournalistNovelistDramatistPlaywrightScreenwriterCreatorOriginatorProducerDesignerPlannerMaker

CompetitorCandidateContestantContenderChallengerPlayerEntrantOpponentParticipantRivalApplicant

AimPurposeIntentionReasonGoalPointObjectiveIdea

-WNEIWZ’12-

Utama / Penting Asal Cipta / Reka / Bina

ImportantMainPrincipalChiefHeadLeading ForemostMajorDominantCentralFocalKeyPrimePrimaryFirstFundamentalPredominantGreatestSignificantKey

OriginBeginningStartBasicCauseSourceBirthHeritageFamilyRootsExtraction

InventCreateDeviseThink upDream upConceiveFormulateFormDevelopProduceMastermindPioneerConstructErectPut upAssembleMake CreateFashionModelShape

Tema Kesan / Perubahan Kaedah / Cara

ThemeSubjectTopicArgumentIdeaThrustThreadMotive Keynote

EffectResultEndOutcomeFinishConsequenceAftermathImpactCauseInfluenceSequel

MannerApproachTechniqueWayMethodProcedureProcessStrategy

-WNEIWZ’12-

Hadiah / Anugerah Kemuncak / Penekanan

Diterbitkan / Ditayangkan

GiftPresent Award donationEndowment offeringRewardContribution

HighlightBest momentClimaxPeakSummitFocusFeaturePinnacleHeightZenithAccentBring outAccentuateStressEmphasize

PublishIssueBring outProducePrintMake knownMake publicPublicizeAnnounceBroadcastPut outDistributeSpreadCirculateAir

-WNEIWZ’12-