dr. Agus Eka Darwinata, Ph.DGenetika Mikroorganisme

A

E

D

The Central Dogma

Mutation

Gene dan Genome

Gene transfer

PCR

A

E

D

Gene and Genome

A

E

D

Genom adalah keseluruhan informasi genetik (gen) yang dimiliki suatu sel atau organisme.A

E

D

Human GenomeA

E

D

Bacterial GenomeA

E

D

9181 bp

Viral GenomeA

E

D

Genome-Gene AnalogyA

E

D

The Central Dogma

A

E

D

The Central Dogma of BiologyA

E

D

DNA StructureA

E

D

Replication

A

E

D

Transcription

A

E

D

Translation

A

E

D

Translasi protein (cont.)A

E

D

Mutation

A

E

D

Mutation

! Changes in base sequece of DNA and inheritable"

! Can be:"! Harmful"! Lethal"! Helpful"! Silent

A

E

D

Mutation

Point Mutation Frame Shift Mutation

missense

silent

nonsense

A

E

D

Genetic Transfer

A

E

D

Genetic Information Flow in BacteriaA

E

D

Genetic Transfer

! Genetic transfer results in genetic variation"

! Genetic variation needed for evolution"

! Three ways:"! Transformation"! Conjugation"! Transduction

A

E

D

Transformation! Genes transferred from one bacterium to another by virus.A

E

D

Conjugation! Plasmid transferred from one bacterium to another via a pilus.A

E

D

Conjugation cont…A

E

D

PCR

A

E

D

Polymerase Chain Reaction! PCR allows us to produce rapidly (amplify) a billion copies of DNA without needing a living cell. "

! These large quantities are then easily analyzed."

! PCR recipe:

A

E

D

Polymerase Chain ReactionAmplification of nuc gene of S. aureus

A

E

D

A

E

D

A

E

D

ResultA

E

D

Thank you

A

E

D