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ABENEREngineering and Construction for Sustainability

Solar Concentration WorkshopWorld BankNovember 5th, 2008

ABENERSolar Concentration Workshop – WB

1. Abener – General Presentation

2. Solar Thermal Technology.

3. Market - Development Opportunities.

4. Technology Comparison.

5. Abener – Major Solar Projects

6. Solar Market – Challenges.

Table of Contents


Mission and Vision

Mission

Vision

Provide integrated and innovative solutions in the field of energy through promotion, financing search, engineering, construction and operation of new power and industrial plants and the optimization of the existing ones, all within a frame of contribution to sustainable development.

Abener intends to reinforce, in the next 5 years, its leadership in the global market for turnkey construction of power and industrial plants with particular emphasis in the areas of biofuel and thermo-solar to consolidate and develop the reached positions in Spain and Latin America, and to expand its presence in other growing markets (European Union, Eastern Europe, Mediterranean Basin and USA).

All the activities will be developed with a clear customer-focusing through efficient management of projects and continuous improvement of processes within a frame of common corporative values, identity and culture which encourage the enthusiasm to innovate and search for business opportunities.


Business Areas

Solar

Biofuels

Generation

Thermosolar Power Plants withTower Technology, CSP and ISCC

Bioethanol Plant, Biodiesel and ETBE

Repowering, Open andCombined Cycles, Engine PowerPlants, Cogeneration andBiomass-to-Energy


Magnitudes

*ktep: thousands of petroleum equivalent tons

Solar 620 MWISCC

100 MWCSP

31 MWTower Technology

751 MW

Generation 54 MWBiomass

589 MWCogeneration

82 MWEngines

2.923 MWOpen/Combined Cycles

870 MWRepowering

3.566 MW

Biofuels 34.028 t/añoETBE

200.000 t/añoBiodiesel

3.165.000 m3/añoBioethanol

1.690 ktep


Sales Evolution

168

353

5635

84

698

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2001 2002 2005 2006 2007 2008

Business Areas Evolution

Solar

Biofuels

Generation

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

CAGR: 145,3%

CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate


Workforce

781

317

Graduated

Non- Graduated

1098

252

131 88

748

538

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

2001 2002 2005 2006 2007 2008

Workforce growth

Abener EnergíaAbener México

AbencsAbencs India

Abener EPG


Addresses

66886688








Table of Contents


Operation

It is based on the concept of concentrating solar radiation to produce hot steam or air, which can be subsequently used in conventional power generation plants. Most systems use a concentrating mirror due to its high reflecting power.

Main components• Concentrator: Different optical

elements, suchas mirrors, concentrate the solar radiation onto a point or a line where the receiver is located.

• Receiver: The receiver absorbs the concentrated solar radiation, and a heat-transporting flux transfers the energy.

• Evaporator: In the evaporator, the heat-transporting flux exchanges its energy for water producing steam.

• Turbine: The steam drives the turbine producing electricity in a conventional cycle.

Steam

Water

Concentrators

Receiver

Heat-transporting fluid

Evaporator

Heat

Electricity

Solar Thermal Technology - Definitions


Tower Technology

Main components: Heliostat field, tower-mounted receiver, and steam storage system.

Operation: The heliostats are programmed to automatically track the sun, according to a solar calendar, and concentrate the radiation onto the receiver. The receiver generates high-temperature saturated steam, which in turn is used to drive a turbine and produce electricity. The storage system guarantees electrical supply, even on cloudy days.

Main components: parabolic trough collectors and thermodynamic cycle.

Operation: The sun rays are concentrated into a heat absorbing tube, located in the central section of the collectors, through which a heat-transporting fluid is pumped. This substance is cold when it enters the tube and is extracted at more than 400 ºC, ready to produce superheated steam. The heat in the steam is transformed into electrical power using a conventional steam turbine.

CSP

Solar Thermal Technology – Types (I)


Dish/Engine

Main components: Receiver and Concentrator.

Operation: An array of parabolic dish-shaped mirrors to focus solar energy onto a receiver located at the focal point of the dish. Fluid in the receiver is heated to 750 ºC and used to generate electricity in a small engine attached to the receiver.

Main components: combined cycle (gas turbine, waste heat recovery boiler, steam turbine, cooling system) and CPC solar field.

Operation: The gas-steam combined cycle is a combination of two thermodynamic cycles in a waste heat recovery boiler. The CPC field transfers the thermal energy, generated via a heat-transporting fluid, to the central system, where the energy is converted into electricity.

ISCC (Integrated Solar and Combined Cycle)

Solar Thermal Technology – Types (II)








Table of Contents


"Sow" today to grow internationally over the next 10 years.

Development Opportunities (I)


› Cost Reduction

› Increase in energy efficiency

Cent €/KWh

Time2007 2010 2015 2020

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Solar Thermal

Photovoltaic

Fossil Fuels

Development Opportunities (II)


The most widespread technology is ISCC

ISCC = Combined Cycle + Solar Field

Storage

The most widespread technology is storage in salts.

Operation: Two salt tanks are used to store the heat.

- During the loading cycle, the salts exchange heat with the fluid from the solar field, which is stored in the hot tank.

- During the unloading cycle, the system simply reverses the previous operation, heating the heat-transporting fluid, which will produce steam to drive the turbine, ultimately generating electricity.

Hybridisation

Operation: The heat produced by the solar field is used as an aid to generate steam by combined cycle. Thus, part of the fuel is replaced by solar resources.

Campo de colectorescilindro parabólicos

Vapor

Turbinade vapor

Evaporador

Sistema de refrigeración

Desaireador

Condensador

Flui

doca

lopo

rtant

e

Tanquede sales frio

Tanquede sales caliente

Cold tank Hot tank

Hea

t-tr

ansp

ortin

gflu

id

Parabolic ThroughCollectors Field

Steam

Steamturbine

Deaerator

EvaporatorCondensator

Coolingsystem

Development Opportunities (III)


Typical Business Model

Return on Equity

Equity

Loans (Project Finance) Turn-key

Grants, subsidies, tax credits Long term

Long term rates

Partner A

Financial Agreements

Commercial Banks

Others

Power Purchase Agreement

Power Company

Partner N

SPV (Project Company)

O&M Contract

EPC Contract

EPC Contractor

O&M Contractor








Table of Contents


Characteristics of Solar Thermal Systems

Technology Comparison

Parabolic Trough Tower Dish

Size 30-300 MW 10-50 MW 5-25 kW

Operating Temperature 390 ªC 565 ºC 750 ªC

Peak Efficiency 20% 23% 29%

Net Annual Efficiency 11-16% 7-20% 12-25%

Commercial Status Available Commercially/Prototype Prototype

CostsUSD/m2 630-275 475-200 3.100-320USD/W 4.0-2.7 4.4-2.5 12.6-1.3

centsUSD/KWh 40-12 44-15 -

All values are estimatives and indicate changes over a 20 year period.








Table of Contents


Major Projects (I)

Project PS20 Solar Thermal Power Plant

Country Spain

Business Model IPP (BOO)

Technology Tower

Customer Abengoa Solar

Elect. Purchaser Red Eléctrica de España

Main DataPower 20 MW

Collector Area 149.760 m2Storage Yes (Steam)

Date of Operation 2008Investment 95 Meur

Auxiliary fuel GasHTF n.a.


Major Projects (II)

Project Solnova 1

Country Spain


Technology Parabolic Trough Collectors


Elect. Purchaser Red Eléctrica de España

Main DataPower 50 MW

Collector Area 293.400 m2Storage No

Date of Operation 2009Investment 275 Meur

Auxiliary fuel n.a.HTF Therminol VP-1


Major Projects (III)

Project Ain Beni Mathar

Country Morocco

Business Model EPC + O&M (5 years)

Technology ISCC (Parabolic Trough)

Customer Office National de l'Elctricite (ONE)

Elect. Purchaser ONE

Main DataPower 450 MW (CC 450 + Solar 20)


Date of Operation 2010Investment

Auxiliary fuel GasHTF Therminol VP-1


Major Projects (IV)

Project Solana

Country USA (Arizona)


Technology Parabolic Trough


Elect. Purchaser APS

Main DataPower 280 MW (2 x 140)

Collector Area 2.197.440 m2Storage Yes (molten salt)

Date of Operation 2012Investment approx. 2.000 MUSD

Auxiliary fuel n.aHTF Therminol VP-1


Major Projects (V)

Project Hassi R'Mel

Country Algeria


Technology ISCC (Parabolic Trough)

Customer SPP1 (Abengoa Solar, Neal, Abener)

Elect. Purchaser Sonatrach

Main DataPower 170 MW (CC 150 + Solar 20)


Date of Operation 2010Investment 316 MEur

Auxiliary fuel GasHTF Therminol VP-1








Table of Contents


ü Generation cost from conventional sources has been rising; solar generation will become more economically attractive (experience and penalty of CO2 emissions).

ü Sector is still in its infancy; in the future it will represent about 3- 6% of the total generation capacity.

ü Impact of growing emerging markets (China, India).

Market

Challenges (I)

Manufacturers

ü Technology improvement must drive their cost down (more significant in PV).

ü Improvement of efficiency (more significant in thermal).

ü Impact of commodities cost (iron, glass, fluid, molten- salt,…).


ü Undertake large long- term investment (directly, partnerships,…).

ü Concentrated solar power is the most attractive for utilities (centralized generation).

Utilities

Challenges (II)

Regulators

ü They can accelerate the move to cost parity.

ü Subsidies shall play a prominent role to build confidence of investors and attract capital (tax credits, above- market rates,…).

ü Clarify objectives: increase security, lower emissions, job creation,…

ü Reward production, not capacity; incentives to reduce costs.

ü Phase out subsidies carefully: adjustment of incentives over time and phase them out when parity is reached.

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