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PENGASASAN KERAJAAN JOHOR

Disusun Oleh : PN. HJH. ROSIAH BT. HASAN

Sumber Rujukan dan Penghargaan:Sejarah Tingkatan 1 DBPGred A Sejarah KBSM Tingkatan 1 2 3 Cerdik PublicationsEncarta Encyclopedia

Rujukan Internet

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7.1 PENGASASAN KERAJAAN JOHOR

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1. Pengunduran Sultan Mahmud

a. Selepas pendudukan Portugis, Sultan Mahmud danpara pengikutnya berundur:

Pagoh bina kubu pertahanan di Bentayan, Muar

bersemayam sementara di Pahang

Pulau Bentan.

b. Di Bentan, baginda cuba membina kekuatan dengan

bantuan jajahan takluknya.

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c. Maharaja Lingga, Raja Inderagiri, RajaSiak dan Raja Aru mengadap Sultan Mahmud.

d. Wakil Manjung dan Beruas, pemerintahKampar, Klang, Rembau dan Sungai Ujongmenyatakan taat setia kepada sultan.

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e. Portugis menyerang Bentan 1521

f. Sultan Mahmud menyerang balas.

g. 1526

Sultan Mahmud berundur ke Kampar

h. Sultan Mahmud mangkat di sana pada tahun1528

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2. Penerusan Warisan Melaka

a. Raja Ali, putera Sultan Mahmud dilantikmenggantikan baginda dengan memakaigelaran Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II

b. Baginda juga digelar Raja Ujong Tanah danBentan.

c. Bendahara dan Seri Nara Diraja bertanggungjawabmembangunkan pusat pemerintahan kerajaan

di Pekan Tua.

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iv.Tugas Seri Nara Diraja/Penghulu Bendahari

Mengawal semua pendapatan negara Mentadbir istana Mengawal hamba sultan

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v. Kota Kara dibina untuk menjaga keamanandan keselamatan ibu negeri.

vi. Sultan Alauddin menguatkan kedudukan baginda

dengan menawan semua jajahan takluk Portugisdi Melaka.

vii. Baginda turut mengawal Pahang dengan menentukanbakal Sultan Pahang.

viii. Aru dikuasai pada tahun 1540.

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ix.Peranan Laksamana Tun Abdul Jamil

a. Mengukuhkan penguasaan Johor terhadap jajahantakluknya pada abad ke 17.

b. Wakil Johor ditempatkan di Bengkalis, Kampar, Jambi,

Siak dan Rokan.c. Peranan jajahan takluk Johor:

- bekalkan tenaga manusia untuk tentera

- bekalkan barangan spt bijih timah, kayu gaharudan gading gajah.

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BIJIH TIMAH

- Sumber:internet

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GAHARU- Sumber: internet

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GADING GAJAH

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x. Ancaman

Johor diancam oleh Portugis, Jambi dan Acheh.

Ekoran itu, ibu negeri Johor sentiasa berubah: Di sepanjang sungai Johor dan di Kepulauan

Riau-Lingga

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-Pekan Tua ( Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II)- Sayong, Johor Lama dan Seluyut

( Sultan Muzaffar Shah dan Sultan Abdul JalilShah)- Tanah Putih Sultan Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil II- Johor Lama, Batu Sawar, Pulau Lingga

(Sultan Abdullah Muayat Shah)

-Pulau Tembelan, Makam Tauhid(Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah III)

-Batu Sawar, Riau

(Sultan Ibrahim Shah)-Kota Tinggi

(Sultan Mahmud Shah)

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3. Johor Menguasai Melaka

a. Johor tidak pernah berputus asa terhadap Melaka.

b. Pada tahun 1551, usaha terbesar dilakukan untukmenawan Melaka semula.

c. Johor dengan bantuan Perak, Pahang dan Jawamenyerang Melaka.

d. Namun usaha ini gagal kerana:- kewujudan kota A Famosa

- senjata Portugis yang jauh lebih baik.

e. Pembesar Johor yang turut menjayakan rancanganini ialah:- Tun Seri Lanang- Laksamana Tun Abdul JamilpdfMachine

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f. Kerjasama Johor dan Belanda

a. 1608 Johor dan Belanda bekerjasamauntuk menawan Melaka.

b. Johor menyerang Melaka dari darat diketuaioleh Laksamana Tun Abdul Jamil

c. Belanda pula menyerang dari arah laut.

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4. Kebangkitan Acheh

a. Acheh ingin menguasai Selat Melaka.

b. Pada masa yang sama Portugis di Melaka:

i. Cuba menghapuskan monopoli perdagangan

asing di Melak.ii. Mengenakan sistem cukai yang ketat.iii. Mengenakan pelbagai sekatan perdagangan.

iv. Kadar cukai yang tinggi.v. Pedagang Islam ( Kalikat, Benggala, Ceylon,

Pegu dan Turki) beralih ke Acheh.

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c. Sultan Iskandar Muda Mahkota Alam berjaya

menjadikan Acheh sebuah kerajaan yang kuat.Buktinya:i. Acheh menyerang Perak (1575 dan 1620)

Acheh menyerang Pahang (1617)Acheh menyerang Kedah (1619)

ii. Acheh yang menentukan siapa bakal sultanJohor setelah menawan Johor.

iii. Untuk menguasai perdagangan lada hitam,

Acheh telah menawan Pasai dan Pedir.

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D. Persaingan Antara Johor, Acheh dan Portugis diMelaka.

i. Ketiga-tiga kuasa menyaingi satu sama lain dalamperebutan untuk mendapatkan perdagangan diSelat Melaka.

ii. Johor ingin mendapatkan semula Melaka daripada

Portugis.

iii.Portugis ingin mempertahankan Melaka.

iv.Acheh ingin menguasai perdagangan di Selat Melaka.

v. Maka terjadilah Perang Tiga Segi antara ketiga-tiga

kuasa ini.

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ACHEH

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