02_industrial hygiene ir dr saiful

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    OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

    Ir. Dr. Saiful Amri bin MazlanP.Eng, Ph.D, Int. PE(My), ACPE, APEC Eng, ASEAN Eng, MIE(My), MIE(Ire)

    Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT)

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    OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

    Introduc+on to Industrial Hygiene

    Defini+on of industrial hygiene Task of industrial hygienist The main hazards and protec+on for hazardManaging safety and health

    Safety program organiza+on Planning for emergencies Personal protec+on equipment

    Talk Outline

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    Introduction to Industrial Hygiene

    OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

    Defini'on of Industrial Hygiene

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

    What is Industrial Hygiene?

    Science and art devoted to the an+cipa+on, recogni+on,evalua+on, and control of those workplace environmental factors

    which may cause sickness, impaired health and wellbeing, or

    significant discomfort and inefficiency among workers or among

    ci+zens of the community

    American Industrial Hygiene Associa+on (AIHA)

    Definition of Industrial Hygiene

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

    What is Industrial Hygiene? (contd)

    The discipline of an+cipa+ng, recognizing, evalua+ng andcontrolling health hazards in the working environment with the

    objec+ve of protec+ng worker health and wellbeing and

    safeguarding the community at large.

    The interna+onal Occupa+onal Hygiene Associa+on (IOHA)

    Malaysian Industrial Hygiene Associa+on (MIHA)

    Definition of Industrial Hygiene

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

    What is Industrial Hygiene? (contd)

    Part science, part art Industrial Hygiene is the applica+on of scien+fic principles in

    the workplace to prevent the development of occupa+onal

    disease or injury

    Requires knowledge of chemistry, physics, anatomy,physiology, mathema+cs

    Definition of Industrial Hygiene

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

    Other terms

    Occupa+onal Hygiene

    Environmental Hygiene Environmental Health

    Definition of Industrial Hygiene

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

    What is an Industrial Hygienist?

    An Industrial Hygienist is a person having a college degree in

    engineering, chemistry, physics, medicine or related physical and

    biological sciences, who has also received specialized training in

    recogni+on, evalua+on and control of workplace stressors and

    therefore achieved competence in industrial hygiene.

    Definition of Industrial Hygiene

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

    What is an Industrial Hygienist? (contd)

    Industrial hygienists are scien+sts and engineers commiYed to

    protec+ng the health and safety of people in the workplace and

    the community.

    Definition of Industrial Hygiene

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

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    Educa+on of an industrial hygienist

    Usually requires advanced educa+on in engineering and thebiological sciences

    A combina+on of educa+on and experience is necessary inorder to take the exam for cer+fica+on in industrial hygiene

    Definition of Industrial Hygiene

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    Introduction to Industrial Hygiene

    OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

    Task of Industrial hygienist

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

    1

    Responsibili+es

    Recogni+on, iden+fica+on, evalua+on and control of health

    hazards in the workplace,

    for the purpose of administering and enforcing

    The Workplace Safety and Health Act and related

    legisla+on and policies.

    Task of Industrial Hygienist

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

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    Knowledge basis for industrial hygiene

    Task of Industrial Hygienist

    Disciplines involved Applica+ons in industrial hygiene

    Physics, math, anatomy,physiology

    Hazard evaluations of noise, illumination, lasers, radiation,and ergonomics

    Chemistry, anatomy, physiology,

    toxicology

    Toxic chemical exposure evaluations of carcinogen hazard

    assessment and reproductive hazard assessments

    Physics, chemistry, statistics Measuring exposures to chemical and physical agents,

    interpreting lab analytical reports. Use of direct reading

    instruments.

    Statistics, epidemiology, physics,chemistry, anatomy, physiology,

    toxicology, language skills

    Interpreting study and lab results, critical review ofresearch, performing research

    Language skills Interactions with workers, management, and clients; writing

    reports and papers; design of programs

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

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    Typical du+es

    Selects and devises methods and equipment for sampling and analyses todetermine workplace health hazards.

    Carries out surveys/inves+ga+ons of workplaces to determine hazardoushealth condi+ons.

    Interprets data, evaluates results and issues orders when necessary, tocontrol or eliminate hazards, and follows up to ensure compliance.

    May be required to establish standards based on literature searches and/ordata collected.

    Keeps abreast of technological developments.

    Task of Industrial Hygienist

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

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    Typical du+es (contd)

    Responds to complaints, concerns and emergencies, and takes anynecessary ac+on.

    Prepares comprehensive technical reports. Disseminates informa+on/advice to other agencies and the public. Represents the Division on various interdepartmental, intergovernmental

    and other commiYees and at conferences.

    Promotes labour/management coopera+on and par+cipa+on on industrialhygiene issues.

    Par+cipates in the development of legisla+on and regula+ons.

    Task of Industrial Hygienist

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

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    Typical du+es (contd)

    Carries out special studies such as the incidence of worker exposure to toxicand carcinogenic materials.

    Par+cipates in the development of plans, policies, standards andprocedures.

    Par+cipates in the development and delivery of educa+onal programs. May be required to give tes+mony in a court of law. May assist in the training of staff. Performs other related du+es as assigned.

    Task of Industrial Hygienist

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    Introduction to Industrial Hygiene

    OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

    The Main Hazards and Protec'on for Hazard

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

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    Industrial hazards

    Hazards is a situa+on that posses a level of threat to life, health,property or environment

    Any real or poten+al condi+ons produced by industries that cancause injury or death to personnel or loss of product or

    property

    The main hazards and protection for hazard

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

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    Types of industrial hazards

    Fire and explosion hazards Chemical hazards Electrical hazards Mechanical hazards Miscellaneous

    The main hazards and protection for hazard

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

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    Some occupa+onal hazards

    Chemical agentsGases, vapors and par+culate aerosols

    Physical (energy) agentsNoise, ionizing / nonionizing radia+on,

    heat and cold stress

    Biological agentsInfec+ous agents, allergens

    Psychological stressors Ergonomic/safety

    The main hazards and protection for hazard

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

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    Industrial hygiene program: Minimum Elements

    1. Recogni+on of health hazards2. Evalua+on of health hazards3. Control of health hazards4. Recordkeeping5. Employee training6. Periodic program review

    The main hazards and protection for hazard

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

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    Industrial hygiene program:

    1. Recogni+on of health hazards

    Walkthrough survey with someone knowledgeable of theprocesses

    Regular intervals, keep records

    Planning stage reviews Modifica+on reviews Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) reviews

    The main hazards and protection for hazard

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

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    Industrial hygiene program:

    1. Recogni+on of health hazards (contd)

    An+cipa+on/recogni+on of poten+al or actual hazards throughknowledge of:

    Materials

    Opera+ons

    Processes

    Condi+ons Scope of IH ac+vi+es encompasses the cradletograve

    concept (research through waste disposal)

    The main hazards and protection for hazard

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

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    Industrial hygiene program:

    2. Evalua+on of health hazards

    MeasurementsMeasurement of exposure intensity

    Air sampling, noise meters, light meters, thermal stress

    meters, accelerometers (vibra+on)

    Calcula+on of doseDetermina+on of exposure frequency and dura+on

    Level and dura+on of exposure

    The main hazards and protection for hazard

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

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    Industrial hygiene program:

    2. Evalua+on of health hazards (contd)

    Keep recordsComparison with regulatory, professional and internal

    standards

    Judgement: weigh all factors

    The main hazards and protection for hazard

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

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    Industrial hygiene program:

    3. Control of health hazards

    Employ methods to eliminate or reduce exposure resul+ng in

    elimina+on or reduc+on of the occurrence of occupa+onal disease

    through:

    Engineering (including process) interven+onsSubs+tute a less hazardous material, local exhaustven+la+on

    The main hazards and protection for hazard

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

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    Industrial hygiene program:

    3. Control of health hazards (contd)

    Administra+ve / programma+c measuresWorker rota+on, training

    Personal Protec+ve EquipmentRespirators, gloves, eye protec+on, ear protec+on, etc.

    The main hazards and protection for hazard

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

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    Industrial hygiene program:

    4. Recordkeeping

    Important in all phases of the program Oen required by regula+on

    29 CFR 1904 (Recording and repor+ng occupa+onal injuries and illness)*(CFR = Code of Federal Regula+ons)

    Increase program effec+veness Useful in legal challenges

    The main hazards and protection for hazard

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

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    Industrial hygiene program:

    5. Employee training

    Effec+ve component if total program is implemented andengineering controls are first established

    Oen required by regula+onRight to Know or Hazard Communica+on Standard: 29 CFR1910.1200

    Regular intervals Keep it interes+ng and effec+ve, use a variety of techniques Keep records of dates, individuals, topics, effec+veness

    The main hazards and protection for hazard

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    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

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    Industrial hygiene program:

    6. Periodic program review

    Regular intervals (yearly, semiannual) Review the wriYen program as well as the implementa+on Updates for new regula+ons, new chemicals, new processes, or

    any changes

    Audit components of the program Internal OSHA inspec+on Involve employees, consultants, management

    The main hazards and protection for hazard

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    Managing Safety and Health

    OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

    Safety Program Organiza'on

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    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

    3

    Defini+on

    Safety and health management system:

    The means by which an organisa1on controls risk through the

    management process.

    Safety Program Organization

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    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Defini+on (contd)

    Part of the overall management system that facili1es the

    management of the OH&S risks associated with the business of theorganisa1on.

    This includes the organisa1onal structure, planning ac1vi1es,

    responsibili1es, prac1ces, procedures, processes and resources for

    developing and achieving, reviewing and maintaining the

    organisa1ons OH&S policy.

    Bri+sh Standards Ins+tute

    Safety Program Organization

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    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Objec+ves

    the goals in terms of safety and health performancethat an organisa1on sets itself

    to achieve and should be quan1fied wherever prac1cable.

    Safety Program Organization

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    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Systems approach

    Four elements common to general systems theories are input,process, output and feedback.

    Systems are also classed as being either open or closed.Open systems interacts with the external environment and

    is subject to external influences.

    Closed systems do not interact with the environment and so theirability to adapt or respond to changing internal condi+ons

    is limited.

    Safety Program Organization

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    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Systems approach (contd)

    Safety Program Organization

    INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

    FEEDBACK

    Organisation

    External Environment

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    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Key elements of safety and health management system

    Safety Program Organization

    Policydevelopment

    Organisationdevelopment

    Developingtechniquesplanning,

    measuringreviewing

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    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

    3

    Key elements of safety and health management system (contd)

    Safety Program Organization

    PPoolliiccyy

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    PolicyEffec+ve health and safety

    policies set a clear direc+on

    for the organisa+on to

    follow.

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    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Key elements of safety and health management system (contd)

    Safety Program Organization

    PPoolliiccyy

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    MMeeaassuurriinngg

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    Organising

    An effective management

    structure and

    arrangements are in place

    for delivering the policy.

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    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

    4

    Key elements of safety and health management system (contd)

    Safety Program Organization

    PPoolliiccyy

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    PPllaannnniinngg &&IImmpplleemmeennttiinngg

    MMeeaassuurriinngg

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    Planning

    There is a planned andsystema+c approach to

    implemen+ng the health andsafety policy through an

    effec+ve health and safety

    management system.

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    Key elements of safety and health management system (contd)

    Safety Program Organization

    PPoolliiccyy

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    PPllaannnniinngg &&IImmpplleemmeennttiinngg

    MMeeaassuurriinngg

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    Measuring Performance

    Performance is measuredagainst agreed standards to

    reveal when and where

    improvement is needed.

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    Key elements of safety and health management system (contd)

    Safety Program Organization

    PPoolliiccyy

    OOrrggaanniissiinngg

    PPllaannnniinngg &&IImmpplleemmeennttiinngg

    MMeeaassuurriinngg

    PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee

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    Audi'ng and Reviewing ofPerformance

    The organisa+on learns from

    all relevant experience and

    applies the lessons.

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    Managing Safety and Health

    OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

    Planning for Emergencies

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    Purpose

    Minimize the risks of emergencies occurring Iden+fy poten+al emergency situa+ons Develop, implement and test plans to respond promptly and

    effec+vely to emergencies

    Minimize the impact of emergencies on the environment Con+nually improve planning for emergencies and response

    procedures

    Planning for Emergencies

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    ISO 14001 Emergency preparedness and response

    The organiza+on shall establish and maintain procedures to

    iden+fy poten+al for and respond to accidents and emergencysitua+ons, and for preven+ng and mi+ga+ng the environmental

    impacts that may be associated with them

    Planning for Emergencies

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    Preven+on

    ISO 14001 sec+on 4.4.7 speaks first of PREPAREDNESS, i.e.,preven+on of emergencies

    Requires the development of a procedure to iden+fy allpossible incidents, accidents, and emergency situa+ons during

    normal and abnormal opera+ng condi+ons

    Planning for Emergencies

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    Iden+fy emergencies

    Review incident reports for past five years Check sta+s+cs on incidents and emergencies at other similar

    opera+ons

    Review environmental aspects list for poten+al emergenciesunder abnormal opera+ng condi+ons

    Gather a group of personnel represen+ng each func+on in theorganiza+on to brainstorm possible incidents and emergencies

    Planning for Emergencies

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    Poten+al emergencies

    Fire, explosion Gas leak, spill Natural disasters lightning, earthquake, flood, extreme

    weather Tank, dam, equipment structural failure Electric power or gas cut Crash, collision Sabotage, vandalism, terrorist aYack, riot, bomb threat,hostage incident

    Planning for Emergencies

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    Poten+al Hot Spots

    Hazardous chemical storage Hazardous waste storage

    Bulk oil and fuel tanks Process startup and shutdown High pressure vessels Rail and road tankers, ships Unloading, shipping points Waste treatment facili+es Storm water drains

    Planning for Emergencies

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    Map the Hot Spots

    Loca+ons, types, amounts of chemicals, gases, fuel, oil onsite Loca+on, volume, age, secondary containment, inspec+on

    history of storage tanks

    Unloading, loading, transfer points for chemicals, fuel, oil Storm water runoff paths

    Planning for Emergencies

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Neighbourhood receptors

    Iden+fy sensi+ve local, regional areas:Residen+al, industrial, agricultural, fishing, recrea+on areaDrinking water sources

    Environmentally sensi+ve areas, nature reserves,

    endangered species

    Cultural, heritage sites

    Record prevailing wind direc+on in prepara+on for a gas leak

    Planning for Emergencies

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Equipment and supplies

    Iden+fy types, quan++es, and storage loca+ons of emergencyequipment and supplies:

    Fire figh+ng equipment hoses, ex+nguishers, blankets, foam

    Escape respirators, gas masks, self contained breathing

    apparatus

    Protec+ve gloves, goggles, suits

    Spill absorbents, containment booms, neutralising chemical

    Mobile emergency equipment

    Planning for Emergencies

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Scope of emergency

    Define levels of emergency:

    Level 1:Can be dealt with by local department personnel

    Level 2:

    Need to ac+vate facility emergency response team; may

    need to evacuate site

    Level 3:Full scale emergency requiring outside assistance; possible

    neighbourhood evacua+on

    Planning for Emergencies

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Preven+ve maintenance

    A Key Factor in Emergency Preparedness

    Regular inspec+on and maintenance of: Storage tanks Secondary containment facili+es Pumps, valves, joints, pipelines Alarms for gases and liquids Process equipment Storm drains

    Planning for Emergencies

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Preven+ve maintenance (contd)

    Regular inspec+on and maintenance of:

    Pollu+on control equipmenthelps prevent failures, leaks, accidents, emergencies

    Planning for Emergencies

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Overview of emergency response plan

    In addi+on to characterising poten+al emergencies andminimising risks, there must be an Emergency Response Plancovering:

    Procedures (i.e., roles, responsibili+es, repor+ng

    rela+onships, resources, ac+vi+es, records) for responding

    to the various types of emergencies iden+fied

    Planning for Emergencies

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Emergency response plan requirements

    First alert procedure Internal emergency communica+on structure chain ofcommand Emergency Response Team members responsibili+es Internal, external emergency phone numbers Evacua+on routes, assembly points Responses to various types of emergency

    Planning for Emergencies

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Emergency response plan requirements (contd)

    Internal, external repor+ng requirements External communica+ons neighbours, media Restora+on, remedia+on, disposal of cleanup materials Postincident debriefing of Emergency Response Team Incident inves+ga+on, correc+ve, preven+ve ac+ons Emergency response training

    Planning for Emergencies

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    6

    Specific requirements for emergency response plan

    First alert procedure all personnelWhat to do, who to contact when an emergency isdiscovered

    Emergency phone number(s), repor+ng requirements

    Ini+al response ac+ons

    Post instruc+ons around the site

    Planning for Emergencies

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    6

    More specific requirements for emergency response plan

    Define the chain of command

    Describe structure, responsibili+es, repor+ng rela+onships,phone numbers for Emergency Response Team members,

    facility managers and supervisors

    Response plans for various emergencies:

    Fire, explosion, gas leak, spill

    Command post, emergency team deployment, equipmentneeds, site security, mi+ga+on measures

    Planning for Emergencies

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    More specific requirements for emergency response plan (contd)

    Evacua+on of facility personnelIden+fy primary and secondary evacua+on routes andsafe assembly points on site map

    Post maps at various loca+ons on the site

    Evacua+on of neighbourhoodNo+fica+on of local residents, other neighbours,external emergency agencies: police, fire, ambulance,doctors, hospital

    Iden+fy escape routes, responsibili+es

    Planning for Emergencies

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    More specific requirements for emergency response plan (contd)

    Repor+ng requirements and responsibili+esInternal: within the facility and organiza+on

    External: to government, neighbours, mediaSite clean up, remedia+on plan

    Includes safe disposal of contaminated absorbents andother materials

    Emergency response team debriefing

    Procedure for assessing effec+veness of emergencyresponse ac+onsRecommenda+ons for improvement

    Planning for Emergencies

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    ISO 14001 Emergency Preparedness and Response also says:

    The organiza+on shall review and revise, where necessary, itsemergency preparedness and response procedures, inpar+cular, aer the occurrence of accident or emergency

    situa+ons

    The organiza+on shall also periodically test such procedureswhere prac+cal

    Planning for Emergencies

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Addi+onal specific requirements for emergency response plan

    Incident inves+ga+onRoles, responsibili+es, and processRoot cause analysis

    Correc+ve and preven+ve ac+ons

    Records of the incident and emergency response

    Revision of procedures to prevent recurrence

    Planning for Emergencies

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Final specific requirements for emergency response plan

    Drills to test emergency response proceduresSchedule drills regularly to simulate various types of

    emergencies

    Aer a drill, emergency response team reviews

    effec+veness of procedures

    Revise response procedures when necessary

    Hold periodic evacua+on drills for en+re site Periodic review/revision of, and distribu+on list for, EmergencyResponse Plan

    Planning for Emergencies

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Important points to remember are:

    Preven+on (i.e., risk management) is a key component ofemergency preparedness

    An organiza+on must have a procedure for iden+fying poten+alaccidents and emergencies

    Need to know all poten+al sources, types and environmentalimpacts of emergencies

    Planning for Emergencies

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Important points to remember are: (contd)

    An emergency response plan should cover roles,responsibili+es, resources, ac+ons, impact mi+ga+on,communica+ons, training, incident inves+ga+on, and review

    procedures

    Keep the emergency preparedness and response plan up todate

    Hold regular drills to test the plan

    Planning for Emergencies

    OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Managing Safety and Health

    Personal Protec've Equipment

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Defini+on

    Devices used to protect an employees from injury or illness

    resul+ng from contact with chemical, radiological, physical,electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards (OSHA)

    The need for PPE and the type of PPE used is based on hazard

    present; each situa+on must be evaluated independently

    Personal Protective Equipment

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Some Caveats

    PPE is used as a last resort The use of PPE signifies that the hazard could not be controlledby other methods, such as:

    administra+ve controls (i.e., shi rota+on)

    engineering or industrial hygiene controls

    Personal Protective Equipment

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Engineering and industrial hygiene controls

    Design (remove hazard from process) Subs+tu+on (of less hazardous materials) Process modifica+on (how and where) Isolate the process or the worker Wet methods for dust reduc+on Local exhaust ven+la+on (at source)

    Dilu+on ven+la+on (area) Good housekeeping

    Personal Protective Equipment

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Back to the caveats

    The use of PPE signals that the hazard s+ll exists in theworkplace

    Unprotected individuals in the same area will be exposed Failure of PPE means that the worker will be exposed PPE can be combined with other controls

    Personal Protective Equipment

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Head protec+on Eye and Face protec+on Hearing protec+on Respiratory protec+on Arm and Hand protec+on Foot and Leg protec+on Protec+ve clothing

    Personal Protective Equipment

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Head protec+on

    Hard Hats work by dissipa+ng force

    Personal Protective Equipment

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Eye protec+on

    Common Uses:

    Impact Protec+on Chemical Hazards Radia+on Protec+on

    welders goggles

    laser goggles

    UV

    Infrared

    Personal Protective Equipment

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Eye protec+on Selec+on

    Visitor specs are only appropriate for nonemployees with notrue exposure to hazards

    Safety glasses are used to protect the eyes from flying objects(no face protec+on)

    Chemical splash goggles protect against fluids by sealing +ghtlyagainst the face

    Face shields provide highest level of protec+on

    Personal Protective Equipment

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    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Hearing protec+on

    Noise induced hearing loss canoccur with exposures >90 dBA

    A hearing conserva+on programbecomes a requirement atexposures >85dBA

    Higher levels of noise exposurehave shorter allowable exposure

    +mes

    Personal Protective Equipment

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Noise levels vs dura+on

    Personal Protective Equipment

    Sound Level (dBA)

    90

    92

    95

    100

    105

    110115

    Exposure (hours)8

    6

    4

    2

    1

    0.50.25

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Hearing protec+on

    Rule of Thumb if you cannot carry on a conversa+on in anormal tone of voice with someone at arms length, you are

    likely near 90dBA

    All hearing protec+on devices should have a Noise Reduc+onRa+ng (NRR) = # of decibels they will reduce noise levels

    Be conserva+ve when using NRRs

    Personal Protective Equipment

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Hearing protec+on Types

    Ear Plugs less expensive, disposable, good ones have fairlyhigh NRRs some+mes difficult to tell if employees are wearing

    them

    Ear Muffs more expensive, more durable, typically higherNRRs than plugs, more obvious

    Can be used together in very high noise areas

    Personal Protective Equipment

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Arm and Hand protec+on

    Gloves typical uses

    Chemical protec+on Biohazard protec+on

    Personal Protective Equipment

    Abrasion protec+on Fric+on protec+on

    Protec+on from extremes ofheat and cold

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Gloves more caveats

    No glove is good against all hazards; consult laboratory safetylink on EHS web page for glove selec+on chart

    Gloves have a finite lifespan and must be periodically replaced When donning gloves, examine them for signs of tears, cracks,

    holes and dry rot

    Hands should always be washed aer removing gloves

    Personal Protective Equipment

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    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Other protec+ve clothing

    Used to protect street clothesfrom hazards in the workplace

    Oen hazard specific To be considered effec+ve,

    protec+ve clothing must

    prevent the contaminant from

    reaching the clothing or skinof the wearer!

    Personal Protective Equipment

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Respiratory protec+on

    Protects users by removingharmful materials that may

    enter the body via the lungs

    Inhala+on is one of thequickest, most efficient ways

    to introduce lethal levels of

    hazardous materials into thebody

    Personal Protective Equipment

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Respirators types

    Air Purifying Respirators (APR)Halfface

    Full Face

    Powered Air Purifying Respirators (PAPR) Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)

    Personal Protective Equipment

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Respirators A big caveat!

    Employees should not wear a respirator unless they have beenmedically cleared to do so!

    This clearance may take the form of a ques+onnaire, physicalexamina+on, pulmonary func+on tes+ng, chest XRay, or a

    combina+on of the above

    Personal Protective Equipment

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Why?

    Respirators put addi+onal resistance against the respiratorysystem of the wearer

    Persons with undiagnosed respiratory system or cardiovascularproblems could trigger a serious medical problem (respiratory

    distress, asthma, heart aYack, etc.) by using a respirator

    Personal Protective Equipment

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Important points to remember are:

    PPE is hazard specific; the hazards of each workplace and taskmust be evaluated

    PPE is used as a last resort when the hazard cannot becontrolled by other methods

    Supervisors are responsible to ensure it is available and worn;Employees must wear and maintain their PPE

    Personal Protective Equipment

    MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    Important points to remember are: (contd)

    PPE is only considered effec+ve if it prevents the contaminantfrom reaching the wearer

    Respirators should not be worn by employees unless they havebeen medically cleared to do so

    Personal Protective Equipment

    OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    In this talk, we have learned the following:

    Introduc+on to industrial hygieneDefini+on of industrial hygiene

    Task of industrial hygienistThe main hazards and protec+on for hazard

    Managing safety and healthSafety program organization

    Planning for emergenciesPersonal protective equipment

    Summary

    OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

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    [email protected]